The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory role of the unilateral ambiguous nucleus （Amb）. We performed electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb, electrical stimulation of the left parietal cortex...The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory role of the unilateral ambiguous nucleus （Amb）. We performed electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb, electrical stimulation of the left parietal cortex and the lateral hypothalamus following unilateral Arab lesion, as well as microinjection of acetylcholine chloride and hemicholine-3 into the unilateral Amb, and electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb after injection of atropine, mecamylamine, propranolol, and phentolamine. Results showed that the number and proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were increased after electrical stimulation of the unilateral Arab. The cholinergic neurons in the Amb released choline substances to alter cellular immunity, thus confirming that the Amb mediates the neuro-immunomodulatory process.展开更多
Objective: To study the etiology and differential diagnos is of ambiguous genitalia.Methods: One hundred and five cases of ambiguous genitalia with disorders of sexual differentiation were analyzed based on clinical c...Objective: To study the etiology and differential diagnos is of ambiguous genitalia.Methods: One hundred and five cases of ambiguous genitalia with disorders of sexual differentiation were analyzed based on clinical characterist ics and basic research. Results: Ambiguous genitalia are closely related to the functio n of androgen. It could be classified into 3 groups: androgen excess, androgen d eficiency and failure of gonadal differentiation. Differential diagnosis depends on clinical manifestations, chromosome examination, serum hormone determination s, final gonadal pathology, receptor study etc.Conclusion: Ambiguous genitalia are related to abnormal androgen ic effect and early correct etiological diagnosis is the key to its management.展开更多
In daily communication, people often make misunderstanding because of the ambiguous phenomenon. However, by reason of using the ambiguous well, some people have endless remarks. To avoiding misunderstanding and making...In daily communication, people often make misunderstanding because of the ambiguous phenomenon. However, by reason of using the ambiguous well, some people have endless remarks. To avoiding misunderstanding and making the ambiguous sentences play the positive effect better, this paper will analyze ambiguous sentences according to the types of ambiguous sentences from the Syntax perspective.展开更多
In The Age of Innocence,Edith Wharton's attitude to woman problem is quite ambiguous which was embodied by her characterization of New Woman Ellen and Mother Woman May. This is because of the social background of ...In The Age of Innocence,Edith Wharton's attitude to woman problem is quite ambiguous which was embodied by her characterization of New Woman Ellen and Mother Woman May. This is because of the social background of living and education restricts Wharton's full understanding of the social role of her female contemporaries. As a result,she exposes her ambiguous attitude in her novel.展开更多
The present paper has mainly the aim to formulate a quantum neurological model of brain dynamics during perception and cognition of ambiguous figures here including the case of the Dalmatian dog. First of all, we summ...The present paper has mainly the aim to formulate a quantum neurological model of brain dynamics during perception and cognition of ambiguous figures here including the case of the Dalmatian dog. First of all, we summarize our previous experimental and theoretical studies, evidencing as the basic conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics enter in a decisive manner in explaining the basic functions of brain dynamics at perceptive and cognitive level and at the level of our consciousness. This is done in detail in Sections 2 and 3 where we discuss also the role of the so called quantum interference effect and we include here the results of an our recent experiment confirming the role of quantum theory and of its quantum interference effect also at perceptive-cognitive and awareness levels. In Section 4, following our previous study, we consider the so called Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is a physical device that is employed in quantum mechanical experiments in order to analyze such quantum interference effect. Soon after the discussion of this device, we proceed with the elaboration of a detailed quantum neurological model in the sense that we consider the brain regions identified in V1;V2/V3/V4 and A20 and we obtain that they may behave just as the beam splitters involved in the Mach-Zehnder quantum mechanical interferometer. In this manner, we formulate a model of V1;V2/V3/V4, A20 brain dynamics as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and such model delineates a proposed neurological mechanism explaining perception-cognition and awareness in humans under the input of ambiguous figures and in the particular case of the Dalmatian dog.展开更多
We report a case of ambiguous genitalia in a 15-year-old patient to demonstrate input of medical imaging in the diagnosis and care of this rare congenital deformation. Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) have be...We report a case of ambiguous genitalia in a 15-year-old patient to demonstrate input of medical imaging in the diagnosis and care of this rare congenital deformation. Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) have been defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosome, gonad, or anatomic sex is atypical and that raise an issue in the sex assignment. In lower socioeconomic countries where antenatal diagnosis is almost non-existent, due to lack of technical facilities, their medical and surgical management is hard. The case which we report was investigated by ultrasonography and genitography, which remains primary indications in our context.展开更多
This paper presents a new class of surfaces that give two quite different appearances when they are seen from two special viewpoints.The inconsistent appearances can be perceived by simultaneously viewing them directl...This paper presents a new class of surfaces that give two quite different appearances when they are seen from two special viewpoints.The inconsistent appearances can be perceived by simultaneously viewing them directly and in a mirror.This phenomenon is a new type of optical illusion,and we have named it the"ambiguous cylinder illusion",because it is typically generated by cylindrical surfaces.We consider why this illusion arises,and we present a mathematical method for designing ambiguous cylinders.展开更多
The English language abounds in equivocal words; and there has been muchdiscussion on the cautious use of them so as to avoid unintentional ambiguity. Muchattention,however,remains to be paid to ambiguous consturction...The English language abounds in equivocal words; and there has been muchdiscussion on the cautious use of them so as to avoid unintentional ambiguity. Muchattention,however,remains to be paid to ambiguous consturction, whichperhaps leads to the greatest number of misconceptions. This paper is then devotedto a survey of the ambiguous construction characterized by careless placing of aword of phrase, the ambiguous arrangement of clauses in a sentence, theincautious omission of words and unclear pronoun reference; In English, as in Chinese. the proper usage consists in the proper words展开更多
The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of ...The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.展开更多
The producers-especially industrial-of artifacts view them as conveying distinct meanings, and they surround them with discourses to support their representation （marketing, packaging, and advertising）. Yet, these s...The producers-especially industrial-of artifacts view them as conveying distinct meanings, and they surround them with discourses to support their representation （marketing, packaging, and advertising）. Yet, these superimposed meanings say nothing about what the objects signify for their users. How are the objects manipulated by those who use them？ Only when both the meanings assigned by the manufacturers and those attributed by the users are known is it possible to determine the difference or similarity between the meanings imposed on objects from above and those produced by their users. We, thus, shift from an economic conception of consumption to one which emphasizes the cultural and communicative roles essential for granting material objects their social protagonism, freeing them from subordination to their producers without imprisoning them passively in the network of meanings constructed by consumers. Emphasizing that things have biographies, which can be more or less fully reconstructed and recounted, is useful not only for understanding the role that material objects perform in determining social phenomena independently from the intentions of their producers, but also for demonstrating the mutable character of their social presence. Objects, therefore, should be considered, not as commodities, but as materials for the social construction of reality, as provisional and negotiable meanings. It is precisely the provisional and negotiable nature of objects that makes them ontologically ambiguous things which communicate their own values, points of view, and so on.展开更多
Crowdfunding provides a novel and potential way for innovative but risky new ventures to fund their new product development(NPD)projects.To help potential investors evaluate the projects and enhance the credibility of...Crowdfunding provides a novel and potential way for innovative but risky new ventures to fund their new product development(NPD)projects.To help potential investors evaluate the projects and enhance the credibility of disclosure,founders are struggling with how to phrase the project description.The rapidly growing cleantech crowdfunding projects provide an ideal context to study this issue.We collected information on cleantech crowdfunding projects and matched non-cleantech crowdfunding projects from Kickstarter.The sample period extends from January 2013 to October 2018.Using signaling research as a theoretical lens and a dictionary-based,computerized text mining method,we found that founders of high-quality cleantech crowdfunding projects could create a reliable signal of quality by providing a project description with a less ambiguous tone and thus boost the success of crowdfunding.Moreover,the signaling effectiveness of a less ambiguous tone is more pronounced in cleantech crowdfunding than in matched non-cleantech crowdfunding,suggesting that the marginal benefit of using a less ambiguous tone is larger when the industry information environment is noisier.Further evidence shows that the signaling effectiveness of a less ambiguous tone in cleantech crowdfunding could be strengthened by backers’endorsements.Our findings imply that tone ambiguity in project descriptions is related to founders’information-concealing behavior.Potential investors could search ambiguous words in project descriptions and just allocate their limited attention into projects with a low percentage of ambiguous words to avoid information overload.Founders of high-quality projects could boost crowdfunding success by using a less ambiguous tone to describe their projects.The marginal effect is larger when there is greater uncertainty about project prospects.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax in combination with multidrug chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage(ALAL).Methods A retrospective analysis of cli...Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax in combination with multidrug chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage(ALAL).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data was performed on patients with newly diagnosed ALAL who were hospitalized at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to July 2024.Of the 13 patients who received initial induction therapywith venetoclaxcombineddwithmultidrug chemotherapy,8 received VAA+P regimen,and 5 received V+IA regimen.Patients with FLT3 mutation were treated with FLT3 inhibitor,and Ph*ppatients received an additional tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Overall survival(OS),disease-free survival(DFS),and adverse events were analyzed.Results According to the World Health Organization 5th edition of the classification of hematolymphoid tumors,the immunophenotypes were T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia(MPAL)(n=4),B/myeloid MPAL(n=7),and ALAL-not otherwise specified(n=2).Of the seven patients with B/myeloid MPAL,four were Ph+and belonged to the group with specific gene abnormalities of ALAL.Three patients had FLT3 mutation(one with FLT3-TKD mutation and two with FLT3-ITD mutation).Prior to the second course of consolidationtherapy,theefficacyyof venetoclax induction therapywas evaluated,andacomplete response rate of 100%was achieved in 13 patients.In the subsequent consolidation therapy phase,one patient discontinued treatment and was lost to follow-up;nine patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,four of whom died due to posttransplant complications and five achieved DFS.Of the three patients(≥70 years old)who received consolidation therapy as before,two achieved DFS and one died due to central nervous system leukemia.The median OS time was not reached in 13 patients;the 75th percentile survival time was 12.0 months,with a 12-month cumulative survival rate of 64.5%.The median DFS time was not reached in all patients;the 75th percentile DFS time was 8.2 months,with a 12-month cumulative DFS rate of 67.1%.All patients experienced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity,including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia,during and after induction therapy.All patients recovered hematopoietic function after the initial induction therapy,with no fatal hemorrhage,tumor lysis syndrome,neurological adverse events,or grade 3 or higher organ toxicity,excluding preexisting conditions.Conclusion Venetoclax in combination with multidrug chemotherapy is effective and associated with tolerable adverse reactions in patients with newly diagnosed ALAL.展开更多
Various international documents,treaties,and conventions have defined assets,including the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,the United Nations Convention Against Corruption,and the UNCC....Various international documents,treaties,and conventions have defined assets,including the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,the United Nations Convention Against Corruption,and the UNCC.These conventions reveal that property refers to assets of any kind—tangible or intangible,movable or immovable,physical or non-physical,including virtual assets and legal documents evidencing ownership or interests in these assets.These conventions consistently define criminal proceeds as any property directly or indirectly derived or obtained through criminal activity.展开更多
This paper focuses on the data assimilation methods for sea surface winds, based on the level-2B HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer wind products. We propose a new feature thinning method, which is herein used to...This paper focuses on the data assimilation methods for sea surface winds, based on the level-2B HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer wind products. We propose a new feature thinning method, which is herein used to screen scatterometer winds while maintaining the key structure of the wind field in the process of data thinning for highresolution satellite observations. We also accomplish feeding the ambiguous wind solutions directly into the data assimilation system, thus making better use of the retrieved information while simplifying the assimilation process of the scatterometer products. A numerical simulation experiment involving Typhoon Danas shows that our method gives better results than the traditional approach. This method may be a valuable alternative for operational satellite data assimilation.展开更多
This paper presents an empirical study of the acquisition of English ambiguous verb-locative prepositional phrase constructions （VLPPs） by adult Mandarin and Spanish speakers. This study assumes that the semantic pr...This paper presents an empirical study of the acquisition of English ambiguous verb-locative prepositional phrase constructions （VLPPs） by adult Mandarin and Spanish speakers. This study assumes that the semantic properties of the target VLPPs that relate to change-of-location in sentences such as The boat floated under the bridge arise from an uninterpretable syntactic feature selected by English but unselected by Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. Results obtained from an animated cartoon selection task indicate that neither the Mandarin nor the Spanish speakers at any level of English proficiency possess native-like interpretative knowledge. Tense/ Aspect effects on the interpretation of the target constructions by Spanish speakers were also found. These results are interpreted as consistent with the Representational Deficit Hypothesis view （Hawkins, 2003, 2005） of adult second language acquisition.展开更多
ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the ...ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the screen-touch properties of fabrics,were officially released.They are of positive significance for eliminating technical ambiguities in exchanges on textile products and filling the gaps in international standards.展开更多
This study considers an optimal investment and reinsurance problem involving a defaultable security for an insurer in an ambiguous environment.In other words,the insurer is ambiguous about the insurance claim that is ...This study considers an optimal investment and reinsurance problem involving a defaultable security for an insurer in an ambiguous environment.In other words,the insurer is ambiguous about the insurance claim that is exponentially distributed with an uncertain rate parameter.The insurer can purchase proportional reinsurance and invest its wealth in three assets:a risk-free asset,a risky asset,the price process of which satisfies the Heston local-stochastic volatility model,and a defaultable corporate bond.For the optimal investment–reinsurance objective with a smooth ambiguity utility proposed by Klibanoff,P.,Marinacci,M.,and Mukerji,S.[A smooth model of decision making under ambiguity,Econometrica,2005,73(6):1849-1892],the equilibrium strategy is introduced and the extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is established through a stochastic control approach.However,the analytical solution of the strategy under the Heston local-stochastic volatility model cannot be obtained because of the complicated nonlinearity of the partial differential equation.In this study,we employ a perturbation method to derive an asymptotic solution for the post-and pre-default cases.In addition,we present a sensitivity analysis to explain the impact of model parameters on the equilibrium investment–reinsurance strategy.展开更多
Recent protests in Iraq have brought focus to many issues currently affecting the Iraqi government’s ability to govern.A source of some of these issues is the 2005 Constitution.The Constitution’s biggest flaw is its...Recent protests in Iraq have brought focus to many issues currently affecting the Iraqi government’s ability to govern.A source of some of these issues is the 2005 Constitution.The Constitution’s biggest flaw is its ambiguity that has led to a confused political order whereby Iraq’s political elite seek to interpret and take advantage of the Constitution for their personal benefits.Iraq’s first Prime Minister,and the longest reigning since the 2003 Occupation,Nouri al-Maliki,was the first to exploit constitutional ambiguity and perhaps the most effective at it.Two questions arise to the issue of constitutional ambiguity and its exploitation by the Prime Minister.Where did the ambiguity in the Iraqi Constitution come from and how exactly was the constitution ambiguous?And how and through what processes did Nouri al-Maliki exploit ambiguities in the Iraqi Constitution?This paper will argue that constitutional ambiguity was(I)brought about by the rushed drafting of the 2005 Iraqi Constitution that saw American interference in the process result in an ambiguous document posing problems in four key areas,and(II)that the first Prime Minister who dealt with the Constitution,Nouri al-Maliki,exploited the Constitution through three distinct processes:coopting the Judiciary,bypassing bureaucracy through patronage networks,and legitimising decisions that suited his own benefit using the Constitution as justification.This paper hopes to serve as a case study for the exploitation of constitutional ambiguity in post-occupation countries,where constitutional drafting was in one way or another flawed or mishandled;and a explanation as to how and through what processes constitutional ambiguity can be exploited by a country’s executive leadership.展开更多
This study was conducted retrospectively on a cohort of 68 patients with steroid 5α-reductase 2(SRD5A2)deficiency and 46,XY disorders of sex development(DSD).Whole-exon sequencing revealed 28 variants of SRD5A2,and f...This study was conducted retrospectively on a cohort of 68 patients with steroid 5α-reductase 2(SRD5A2)deficiency and 46,XY disorders of sex development(DSD).Whole-exon sequencing revealed 28 variants of SRD5A2,and further analysis identified seven novel mutants.The preponderance of variants was observed in exon 1 and exon 4,specifically within the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-binding region.Among the entire cohort,53 patients underwent initial surgery at Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital(Chengdu,China).The external genitalia scores(EGS)of these participants varied from 2.0 to 11.0,with a mean of 6.8(standard deviation[s.d.]:2.5).Thirty patients consented to hormone testing.Their average testosterone-todihydrotestosterone(T/DHT)ratio was 49.3(s.d.:23.4).Genetic testing identified four patients with EGS scores between 6 and 9 as having this syndrome;and their T/DHT ratios were below the diagnostic threshold.Furthermore,assessments conducted using the crystal structure of human SRD5A2 have provided insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of these novel variants.These mechanisms include interference with NADPH binding(c.356G>C,c.365A>G,c.492C>G,and c.662T>G)and destabilization of the protein structure(c.727C>T).The c.446-1G>T and c.380delG variants were verified to result in large alterations in the transcripts.Seven novel variations were identified,and the variant database for the SRD5A2 gene was expanded.These findings contribute to the progress of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for individuals with SRD5A2 deficiency.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30901057,30871840,31072100Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,No.20101057
文摘The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory role of the unilateral ambiguous nucleus （Amb）. We performed electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb, electrical stimulation of the left parietal cortex and the lateral hypothalamus following unilateral Arab lesion, as well as microinjection of acetylcholine chloride and hemicholine-3 into the unilateral Amb, and electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb after injection of atropine, mecamylamine, propranolol, and phentolamine. Results showed that the number and proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were increased after electrical stimulation of the unilateral Arab. The cholinergic neurons in the Amb released choline substances to alter cellular immunity, thus confirming that the Amb mediates the neuro-immunomodulatory process.
文摘Objective: To study the etiology and differential diagnos is of ambiguous genitalia.Methods: One hundred and five cases of ambiguous genitalia with disorders of sexual differentiation were analyzed based on clinical characterist ics and basic research. Results: Ambiguous genitalia are closely related to the functio n of androgen. It could be classified into 3 groups: androgen excess, androgen d eficiency and failure of gonadal differentiation. Differential diagnosis depends on clinical manifestations, chromosome examination, serum hormone determination s, final gonadal pathology, receptor study etc.Conclusion: Ambiguous genitalia are related to abnormal androgen ic effect and early correct etiological diagnosis is the key to its management.
文摘In daily communication, people often make misunderstanding because of the ambiguous phenomenon. However, by reason of using the ambiguous well, some people have endless remarks. To avoiding misunderstanding and making the ambiguous sentences play the positive effect better, this paper will analyze ambiguous sentences according to the types of ambiguous sentences from the Syntax perspective.
文摘In The Age of Innocence,Edith Wharton's attitude to woman problem is quite ambiguous which was embodied by her characterization of New Woman Ellen and Mother Woman May. This is because of the social background of living and education restricts Wharton's full understanding of the social role of her female contemporaries. As a result,she exposes her ambiguous attitude in her novel.
文摘The present paper has mainly the aim to formulate a quantum neurological model of brain dynamics during perception and cognition of ambiguous figures here including the case of the Dalmatian dog. First of all, we summarize our previous experimental and theoretical studies, evidencing as the basic conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics enter in a decisive manner in explaining the basic functions of brain dynamics at perceptive and cognitive level and at the level of our consciousness. This is done in detail in Sections 2 and 3 where we discuss also the role of the so called quantum interference effect and we include here the results of an our recent experiment confirming the role of quantum theory and of its quantum interference effect also at perceptive-cognitive and awareness levels. In Section 4, following our previous study, we consider the so called Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is a physical device that is employed in quantum mechanical experiments in order to analyze such quantum interference effect. Soon after the discussion of this device, we proceed with the elaboration of a detailed quantum neurological model in the sense that we consider the brain regions identified in V1;V2/V3/V4 and A20 and we obtain that they may behave just as the beam splitters involved in the Mach-Zehnder quantum mechanical interferometer. In this manner, we formulate a model of V1;V2/V3/V4, A20 brain dynamics as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and such model delineates a proposed neurological mechanism explaining perception-cognition and awareness in humans under the input of ambiguous figures and in the particular case of the Dalmatian dog.
文摘We report a case of ambiguous genitalia in a 15-year-old patient to demonstrate input of medical imaging in the diagnosis and care of this rare congenital deformation. Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) have been defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosome, gonad, or anatomic sex is atypical and that raise an issue in the sex assignment. In lower socioeconomic countries where antenatal diagnosis is almost non-existent, due to lack of technical facilities, their medical and surgical management is hard. The case which we report was investigated by ultrasonography and genitography, which remains primary indications in our context.
基金Supported the Grant-in-Aid for Basic Scientific Research(No.24360039)Challenging Exploratory Research(No.15K12067)
文摘This paper presents a new class of surfaces that give two quite different appearances when they are seen from two special viewpoints.The inconsistent appearances can be perceived by simultaneously viewing them directly and in a mirror.This phenomenon is a new type of optical illusion,and we have named it the"ambiguous cylinder illusion",because it is typically generated by cylindrical surfaces.We consider why this illusion arises,and we present a mathematical method for designing ambiguous cylinders.
文摘The English language abounds in equivocal words; and there has been muchdiscussion on the cautious use of them so as to avoid unintentional ambiguity. Muchattention,however,remains to be paid to ambiguous consturction, whichperhaps leads to the greatest number of misconceptions. This paper is then devotedto a survey of the ambiguous construction characterized by careless placing of aword of phrase, the ambiguous arrangement of clauses in a sentence, theincautious omission of words and unclear pronoun reference; In English, as in Chinese. the proper usage consists in the proper words
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61179018,61102165,61002006,61102167)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20115584006)Special Foundation Program for Mountain Tai Scholars
文摘The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.
文摘The producers-especially industrial-of artifacts view them as conveying distinct meanings, and they surround them with discourses to support their representation （marketing, packaging, and advertising）. Yet, these superimposed meanings say nothing about what the objects signify for their users. How are the objects manipulated by those who use them？ Only when both the meanings assigned by the manufacturers and those attributed by the users are known is it possible to determine the difference or similarity between the meanings imposed on objects from above and those produced by their users. We, thus, shift from an economic conception of consumption to one which emphasizes the cultural and communicative roles essential for granting material objects their social protagonism, freeing them from subordination to their producers without imprisoning them passively in the network of meanings constructed by consumers. Emphasizing that things have biographies, which can be more or less fully reconstructed and recounted, is useful not only for understanding the role that material objects perform in determining social phenomena independently from the intentions of their producers, but also for demonstrating the mutable character of their social presence. Objects, therefore, should be considered, not as commodities, but as materials for the social construction of reality, as provisional and negotiable meanings. It is precisely the provisional and negotiable nature of objects that makes them ontologically ambiguous things which communicate their own values, points of view, and so on.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72073063,71673133).
文摘Crowdfunding provides a novel and potential way for innovative but risky new ventures to fund their new product development(NPD)projects.To help potential investors evaluate the projects and enhance the credibility of disclosure,founders are struggling with how to phrase the project description.The rapidly growing cleantech crowdfunding projects provide an ideal context to study this issue.We collected information on cleantech crowdfunding projects and matched non-cleantech crowdfunding projects from Kickstarter.The sample period extends from January 2013 to October 2018.Using signaling research as a theoretical lens and a dictionary-based,computerized text mining method,we found that founders of high-quality cleantech crowdfunding projects could create a reliable signal of quality by providing a project description with a less ambiguous tone and thus boost the success of crowdfunding.Moreover,the signaling effectiveness of a less ambiguous tone is more pronounced in cleantech crowdfunding than in matched non-cleantech crowdfunding,suggesting that the marginal benefit of using a less ambiguous tone is larger when the industry information environment is noisier.Further evidence shows that the signaling effectiveness of a less ambiguous tone in cleantech crowdfunding could be strengthened by backers’endorsements.Our findings imply that tone ambiguity in project descriptions is related to founders’information-concealing behavior.Potential investors could search ambiguous words in project descriptions and just allocate their limited attention into projects with a low percentage of ambiguous words to avoid information overload.Founders of high-quality projects could boost crowdfunding success by using a less ambiguous tone to describe their projects.The marginal effect is larger when there is greater uncertainty about project prospects.
文摘Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax in combination with multidrug chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage(ALAL).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data was performed on patients with newly diagnosed ALAL who were hospitalized at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to July 2024.Of the 13 patients who received initial induction therapywith venetoclaxcombineddwithmultidrug chemotherapy,8 received VAA+P regimen,and 5 received V+IA regimen.Patients with FLT3 mutation were treated with FLT3 inhibitor,and Ph*ppatients received an additional tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Overall survival(OS),disease-free survival(DFS),and adverse events were analyzed.Results According to the World Health Organization 5th edition of the classification of hematolymphoid tumors,the immunophenotypes were T/myeloid mixed-phenotype acute leukemia(MPAL)(n=4),B/myeloid MPAL(n=7),and ALAL-not otherwise specified(n=2).Of the seven patients with B/myeloid MPAL,four were Ph+and belonged to the group with specific gene abnormalities of ALAL.Three patients had FLT3 mutation(one with FLT3-TKD mutation and two with FLT3-ITD mutation).Prior to the second course of consolidationtherapy,theefficacyyof venetoclax induction therapywas evaluated,andacomplete response rate of 100%was achieved in 13 patients.In the subsequent consolidation therapy phase,one patient discontinued treatment and was lost to follow-up;nine patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,four of whom died due to posttransplant complications and five achieved DFS.Of the three patients(≥70 years old)who received consolidation therapy as before,two achieved DFS and one died due to central nervous system leukemia.The median OS time was not reached in 13 patients;the 75th percentile survival time was 12.0 months,with a 12-month cumulative survival rate of 64.5%.The median DFS time was not reached in all patients;the 75th percentile DFS time was 8.2 months,with a 12-month cumulative DFS rate of 67.1%.All patients experienced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity,including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia,during and after induction therapy.All patients recovered hematopoietic function after the initial induction therapy,with no fatal hemorrhage,tumor lysis syndrome,neurological adverse events,or grade 3 or higher organ toxicity,excluding preexisting conditions.Conclusion Venetoclax in combination with multidrug chemotherapy is effective and associated with tolerable adverse reactions in patients with newly diagnosed ALAL.
文摘Various international documents,treaties,and conventions have defined assets,including the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,the United Nations Convention Against Corruption,and the UNCC.These conventions reveal that property refers to assets of any kind—tangible or intangible,movable or immovable,physical or non-physical,including virtual assets and legal documents evidencing ownership or interests in these assets.These conventions consistently define criminal proceeds as any property directly or indirectly derived or obtained through criminal activity.
基金State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(4175094)
文摘This paper focuses on the data assimilation methods for sea surface winds, based on the level-2B HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer wind products. We propose a new feature thinning method, which is herein used to screen scatterometer winds while maintaining the key structure of the wind field in the process of data thinning for highresolution satellite observations. We also accomplish feeding the ambiguous wind solutions directly into the data assimilation system, thus making better use of the retrieved information while simplifying the assimilation process of the scatterometer products. A numerical simulation experiment involving Typhoon Danas shows that our method gives better results than the traditional approach. This method may be a valuable alternative for operational satellite data assimilation.
文摘This paper presents an empirical study of the acquisition of English ambiguous verb-locative prepositional phrase constructions （VLPPs） by adult Mandarin and Spanish speakers. This study assumes that the semantic properties of the target VLPPs that relate to change-of-location in sentences such as The boat floated under the bridge arise from an uninterpretable syntactic feature selected by English but unselected by Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. Results obtained from an animated cartoon selection task indicate that neither the Mandarin nor the Spanish speakers at any level of English proficiency possess native-like interpretative knowledge. Tense/ Aspect effects on the interpretation of the target constructions by Spanish speakers were also found. These results are interpreted as consistent with the Representational Deficit Hypothesis view （Hawkins, 2003, 2005） of adult second language acquisition.
文摘ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the screen-touch properties of fabrics,were officially released.They are of positive significance for eliminating technical ambiguities in exchanges on textile products and filling the gaps in international standards.
基金isupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11871010 and 11971040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2019XD-A11)The work of Weilin Xiao is supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China(Grant No.23YJA630102).
文摘This study considers an optimal investment and reinsurance problem involving a defaultable security for an insurer in an ambiguous environment.In other words,the insurer is ambiguous about the insurance claim that is exponentially distributed with an uncertain rate parameter.The insurer can purchase proportional reinsurance and invest its wealth in three assets:a risk-free asset,a risky asset,the price process of which satisfies the Heston local-stochastic volatility model,and a defaultable corporate bond.For the optimal investment–reinsurance objective with a smooth ambiguity utility proposed by Klibanoff,P.,Marinacci,M.,and Mukerji,S.[A smooth model of decision making under ambiguity,Econometrica,2005,73(6):1849-1892],the equilibrium strategy is introduced and the extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is established through a stochastic control approach.However,the analytical solution of the strategy under the Heston local-stochastic volatility model cannot be obtained because of the complicated nonlinearity of the partial differential equation.In this study,we employ a perturbation method to derive an asymptotic solution for the post-and pre-default cases.In addition,we present a sensitivity analysis to explain the impact of model parameters on the equilibrium investment–reinsurance strategy.
文摘Recent protests in Iraq have brought focus to many issues currently affecting the Iraqi government’s ability to govern.A source of some of these issues is the 2005 Constitution.The Constitution’s biggest flaw is its ambiguity that has led to a confused political order whereby Iraq’s political elite seek to interpret and take advantage of the Constitution for their personal benefits.Iraq’s first Prime Minister,and the longest reigning since the 2003 Occupation,Nouri al-Maliki,was the first to exploit constitutional ambiguity and perhaps the most effective at it.Two questions arise to the issue of constitutional ambiguity and its exploitation by the Prime Minister.Where did the ambiguity in the Iraqi Constitution come from and how exactly was the constitution ambiguous?And how and through what processes did Nouri al-Maliki exploit ambiguities in the Iraqi Constitution?This paper will argue that constitutional ambiguity was(I)brought about by the rushed drafting of the 2005 Iraqi Constitution that saw American interference in the process result in an ambiguous document posing problems in four key areas,and(II)that the first Prime Minister who dealt with the Constitution,Nouri al-Maliki,exploited the Constitution through three distinct processes:coopting the Judiciary,bypassing bureaucracy through patronage networks,and legitimising decisions that suited his own benefit using the Constitution as justification.This paper hopes to serve as a case study for the exploitation of constitutional ambiguity in post-occupation countries,where constitutional drafting was in one way or another flawed or mishandled;and a explanation as to how and through what processes constitutional ambiguity can be exploited by a country’s executive leadership.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022JDZH0029 to JYY)the Special Fund for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-C&T-B-117 to JYY)the Sichuan Key Research and Development Project from the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(No.2022YFS0237 to YMT).
文摘This study was conducted retrospectively on a cohort of 68 patients with steroid 5α-reductase 2(SRD5A2)deficiency and 46,XY disorders of sex development(DSD).Whole-exon sequencing revealed 28 variants of SRD5A2,and further analysis identified seven novel mutants.The preponderance of variants was observed in exon 1 and exon 4,specifically within the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-binding region.Among the entire cohort,53 patients underwent initial surgery at Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital(Chengdu,China).The external genitalia scores(EGS)of these participants varied from 2.0 to 11.0,with a mean of 6.8(standard deviation[s.d.]:2.5).Thirty patients consented to hormone testing.Their average testosterone-todihydrotestosterone(T/DHT)ratio was 49.3(s.d.:23.4).Genetic testing identified four patients with EGS scores between 6 and 9 as having this syndrome;and their T/DHT ratios were below the diagnostic threshold.Furthermore,assessments conducted using the crystal structure of human SRD5A2 have provided insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of these novel variants.These mechanisms include interference with NADPH binding(c.356G>C,c.365A>G,c.492C>G,and c.662T>G)and destabilization of the protein structure(c.727C>T).The c.446-1G>T and c.380delG variants were verified to result in large alterations in the transcripts.Seven novel variations were identified,and the variant database for the SRD5A2 gene was expanded.These findings contribute to the progress of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for individuals with SRD5A2 deficiency.
