Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Amanitaceae are very important both economically and ecologically.However,the delimitation of the family is still controversial,in part due to limited taxon sampling and in part b...Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Amanitaceae are very important both economically and ecologically.However,the delimitation of the family is still controversial,in part due to limited taxon sampling and in part because of insufficient gene fragment employed for molecular phylogenetic analyses.Furthermore,species diversity in the family is likely to have been largely underestimated,due to morphological similarity between taxa and phenotypic plasticity.In this study,we examined 1190 collections,including 1008 Chinese and 182 external ones,and performed the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Amanitaceae using multi-locus sequence data.To test the monophyly of the Amanitaceae,a concatenated(nrLSU,rpb1,and rpb2)dataset of 200 taxa of the order Agaricales was analyzed.To infer the phylogeny of Amanitaceae,a concatenated nrLSU,tef1-a,rpb2 and b-tubulin dataset(3010 sequences from ca.890 samples with 2309 newly generated sequences)was used.In this dataset,252 sequences from the types of 77 species were provided.Our results indicate that Amanitaceae is a monophyletic group,and consists of five genera,namely Amanita,Catatrama,Limacella,Limacellopsis and Myxoderma.It is clear that Catatrama is closely related to Limacella,however,the phylogenetic relationships among these genera remain largely unresolved.Amanita contains 95%of the species in the family,and is here divided into three subgenera and eleven sections(subgen.Amanita,containing:sect.Amanita,sect.Amarrendiae,sect.Caesareae and sect.Vaginatae;subgen.Amanitina,containing:sect.Amidella,sect.Arenariae,sect.Phalloideae,sect.Roanokenses,sect.Strobiliformes and sect.Validae;and subgen.Lepidella,containing sect.Lepidella).Subgen.Lepidella occupies the basal position in the genus.One-hundred and sixty-two species of Amanitaceae known from China are treated in this study,including 50 novel species and 112 known taxa.Amanita gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.atrofusca,A.subjunquillea var.alba and A.areolata are treated as synonyms of A.sychnopyramis f.subannulata,A.orientigemmata,A.umbrinolutea,A.subjunquillea and A.zangii,respectively.26 extralimital taxa including a novel species,namelyCatatrama indica,were included in our study to allow us to make comparisons between these and the Chinese taxa.DNA sequence data for all the species of Amanitaceae in China and keys for identification of the species are provided.展开更多
Late-stage or later-successional ectomycorrhizal fungi,dominant ectomycorrhizal species in mature forest,are generally important symbiotic partners of dominant tree species in many forest ecosystems.Spatial patterns o...Late-stage or later-successional ectomycorrhizal fungi,dominant ectomycorrhizal species in mature forest,are generally important symbiotic partners of dominant tree species in many forest ecosystems.Spatial patterns of fungal sporocarps of three families,i.e.Amanitaceae,Boletaceae and Russulaceae,in a subtropical forest in Dujiangyan were examined using second-order analysis in the present paper.The woody plant compositions of the plots associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi of three families were also compared using binary logistic regression analysis.Results indicated that presences of non-ectomycorrhizal and some ectomycorrhizal plants might have negative effects on the occurrence of ectomyconrhizas(ECM)fungal sporocarps and the characteristics in clonal growth of fungal taxa would not be the only determinant in the spatial pattern of ECM fungi.We suggest that besides host plants,non-ectomycorrhizal woody plants and interaction of ECM fungi should also be considered in spatial studies of ECM fungal communities in natural forests.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Provincial Government(U1302263)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)+1 种基金the Biodiversity Conservation Program of the Ministry of Environmental Protection(2016HB2096001006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600031).
文摘Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Amanitaceae are very important both economically and ecologically.However,the delimitation of the family is still controversial,in part due to limited taxon sampling and in part because of insufficient gene fragment employed for molecular phylogenetic analyses.Furthermore,species diversity in the family is likely to have been largely underestimated,due to morphological similarity between taxa and phenotypic plasticity.In this study,we examined 1190 collections,including 1008 Chinese and 182 external ones,and performed the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Amanitaceae using multi-locus sequence data.To test the monophyly of the Amanitaceae,a concatenated(nrLSU,rpb1,and rpb2)dataset of 200 taxa of the order Agaricales was analyzed.To infer the phylogeny of Amanitaceae,a concatenated nrLSU,tef1-a,rpb2 and b-tubulin dataset(3010 sequences from ca.890 samples with 2309 newly generated sequences)was used.In this dataset,252 sequences from the types of 77 species were provided.Our results indicate that Amanitaceae is a monophyletic group,and consists of five genera,namely Amanita,Catatrama,Limacella,Limacellopsis and Myxoderma.It is clear that Catatrama is closely related to Limacella,however,the phylogenetic relationships among these genera remain largely unresolved.Amanita contains 95%of the species in the family,and is here divided into three subgenera and eleven sections(subgen.Amanita,containing:sect.Amanita,sect.Amarrendiae,sect.Caesareae and sect.Vaginatae;subgen.Amanitina,containing:sect.Amidella,sect.Arenariae,sect.Phalloideae,sect.Roanokenses,sect.Strobiliformes and sect.Validae;and subgen.Lepidella,containing sect.Lepidella).Subgen.Lepidella occupies the basal position in the genus.One-hundred and sixty-two species of Amanitaceae known from China are treated in this study,including 50 novel species and 112 known taxa.Amanita gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.atrofusca,A.subjunquillea var.alba and A.areolata are treated as synonyms of A.sychnopyramis f.subannulata,A.orientigemmata,A.umbrinolutea,A.subjunquillea and A.zangii,respectively.26 extralimital taxa including a novel species,namelyCatatrama indica,were included in our study to allow us to make comparisons between these and the Chinese taxa.DNA sequence data for all the species of Amanitaceae in China and keys for identification of the species are provided.
文摘Late-stage or later-successional ectomycorrhizal fungi,dominant ectomycorrhizal species in mature forest,are generally important symbiotic partners of dominant tree species in many forest ecosystems.Spatial patterns of fungal sporocarps of three families,i.e.Amanitaceae,Boletaceae and Russulaceae,in a subtropical forest in Dujiangyan were examined using second-order analysis in the present paper.The woody plant compositions of the plots associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi of three families were also compared using binary logistic regression analysis.Results indicated that presences of non-ectomycorrhizal and some ectomycorrhizal plants might have negative effects on the occurrence of ectomyconrhizas(ECM)fungal sporocarps and the characteristics in clonal growth of fungal taxa would not be the only determinant in the spatial pattern of ECM fungi.We suggest that besides host plants,non-ectomycorrhizal woody plants and interaction of ECM fungi should also be considered in spatial studies of ECM fungal communities in natural forests.
