Researchers have discovered that mice instinctively exhibit rescue-like behavior towards anesthetized companions-a finding that suggests a biological basis for prosociality.The study,published in PNAS on April 23,2025...Researchers have discovered that mice instinctively exhibit rescue-like behavior towards anesthetized companions-a finding that suggests a biological basis for prosociality.The study,published in PNAS on April 23,2025,was led by Dr.HU Li from the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(IPCAS)and Dr.CHEN Zhoufeng from Washington University School of Medicine and the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation.展开更多
We explored the relationship between Internet altruistic behavior(IAB)and subjective well-being(SWB)to estimate the effects and directionality of that predictive relationship between the two.Employing cross-lagged mod...We explored the relationship between Internet altruistic behavior(IAB)and subjective well-being(SWB)to estimate the effects and directionality of that predictive relationship between the two.Employing cross-lagged models we examined the interaction between IAB and SWB,among 339 college students(females=53.10%,mean age=19.02 years,SD=1.56 years).The students were tracked twice in a period of 5 months.Results showed that college students’IAB increased significantly,while their SWB remained relatively stable during the two measurement periods.IAB and SWB had significant simultaneous and sequential correlations.SWB at Time 1 positively predicted IAB at Time 2,however,IAB at Time 1 did not significantly predict SWB at Time 2.Moreover,there was cross-gender invariance in the cross-lagged effect between IAB and SWB.Research topics in the current environment exhibit remarkable practical significance.展开更多
Solving the path planning problem of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)is crucial for reducing energy waste and improving operational efficiency.However,two main challenges hinder further development:Firstly,existin...Solving the path planning problem of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)is crucial for reducing energy waste and improving operational efficiency.However,two main challenges hinder further development:Firstly,existing algorithms often treat this as a single-objective optimization problem,whereas in reality,it should be multi-objective,considering factors such as distance,safety,and smoothness simultaneously.Secondly,the limited availability of optimization results arises due to they are single-path,which fail to meet real-world conditions.To address these challenges,first of all,an improved AUV path planning model is proposed,in which the collisions of path and obstacles are classified more specifically.Subsequently,a novel Altruistic Nurturing Algorithm(ANA)inspired by natural altruism is introduced.In the algorithm,nurturing cost considering Pareto rank and crowd distance is introduced as guidance of evolution to avoid futile calculation,abandonment threshold is self-adaptive with descendant situation to help individuals escape from local optima and double selection strategy combining crowd and k-nearest neighbors selection helps to get a better-distributed Pareto front.Experimental results comparing ANA with existing algorithms in AUV path planning demonstrate its superiority.Finally,a user-friendly interface,the Multi-Objective AUV Path Planner,is designed to provide users with a group of paths for informed decisionmaking.展开更多
To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference a...To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference and external malicious jamming. A cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation method based on local altruistic is proposed to optimize UAVs’ channel selection. Specifically, a Stackelberg game is modeled to formulate the confrontation relationship between UAVs and the jammer. A local altruistic game is modeled with each UAV considering the utilities of both itself and other UAVs. A distributed cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the impact of the transmission power on the system loss value are analyzed, and the anti-jamming performance of the proposed algorithm can be improved by around 64% compared with the existing algorithms.展开更多
Emergency decision-making problems usually involve many experts with different professional backgrounds and concerns,leading to non-cooperative behaviors during the consensus-reaching process.Many studies on noncooper...Emergency decision-making problems usually involve many experts with different professional backgrounds and concerns,leading to non-cooperative behaviors during the consensus-reaching process.Many studies on noncooperative behavior management assumed that the maximumdegree of cooperation of experts is to totally accept the revisions suggested by the moderator,which restricted individuals with altruistic behaviors to make more contributions in the agreement-reaching process.In addition,when grouping a large group into subgroups by clustering methods,existing studies were based on the similarity of evaluation values or trust relationships among experts separately but did not consider them simultaneously.In this study,we introduce a clustering method considering the similarity of evaluation values and the trust relations of experts and then develop a consensusmodel taking into account the altruistic behaviors of experts.First,we cluster experts into subgroups by a constrained Kmeans clustering algorithm according to the opinion similarity and trust relationship of experts.Then,we calculate the weights of experts and clusters based on the centrality degrees of experts.Next,to enhance the quality of consensus reaching,we identify three kinds of non-cooperative behaviors and propose corresponding feedback mechanisms relying on the altruistic behaviors of experts.A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method in emergency decision-making.The study finds that integrating altruistic behavior analysis in group decision-making can safeguard the interests of experts and ensure the integrity of decision-making information.展开更多
The motivation in public-private partnerships （PPPs） is to harness the strengths of public and private partners to deliver essential public services. The ability to transfer risk to the private sector in PPP has bee...The motivation in public-private partnerships （PPPs） is to harness the strengths of public and private partners to deliver essential public services. The ability to transfer risk to the private sector in PPP has been one of the reasons why the public sector relies on the private sector to participate in the development of infrastructure projects. In most instances, the public sector also believes that the private sector can fund the project at a lower cost. The private sector on the other hand, believes that they could achieve a strong financial return based on the concessions that the public sector will provide. If the sectors feel altruistic empathy to each other, they will realize that their original goals are not achievable. However, having understood the other sector＇s needs and constraints, collaborative negotiation will yield a set of common goals. There are no commonly agreed frameworks on collaborative negotiation before PPP is formally established. The objective of this paper is to use deductive analysis to develop a conceptual framework for inquiring into the motivations of the public and private sectors during negotiation. This framework will provide insights on the extent of altruistic empathy of both sectors at the onset and how this altruistic empathy frames collaborative negotiation. This paper shows that collaborative negotiation will influence the success of partnerships and altruistic empathy is an important preamble to collaborative negotiation. This paper provides a frame of reference for future study using other research methods for further validation.展开更多
Babette ZoumaraChina＇s engagement in Africa has been controversial. Some see China＇s involvement as the actions of an ＂imperial power＂ practicing ＂virtual colonialism.＂
Crops leave a soil legacy with altruistic effects for subsequent crops but not for themselves.While research has focused on improvements in soil physicochemical properties and the suppression of non-host patho-gens,th...Crops leave a soil legacy with altruistic effects for subsequent crops but not for themselves.While research has focused on improvements in soil physicochemical properties and the suppression of non-host patho-gens,the altruistic microbiome and its assembly mechanism driven by root exudates remain largely un-known.Here,we identified altruistic but self-detrimental phenomena when garlic was rotated with other crops based on meta-analysis and in vivo experiments.Studies utilizing a globally adopted garlic-pepper rotation system demonstrated density-dependent enrichment of key microbial taxa,especially the Penicil-lium genus,which supports the healthy growth of non-Allium plants but exhibits pathogenicity toward garlic.Furthermore,we found that garlic roots stably secrete diallyl disulfide(DADS)into soil,imposing reactive oxygen species(ROS)stress in the rhizosphere and reshaping the microbial community,particu-larly suppressing ROS-sensitive pathogens while enriching ROS-tolerant beneficial microorganisms.As a result,Penicillium allii,with strong oxidative stress tolerance,survives and accumulates in the highly stressful garlic rhizosphere environment,thereby playing an"altruistic but self-detrimental"role in the rotation system.In addition,preliminary field experiments showed that co-application of DADS with P.allii could enhance stable colonization of P.allii,promoting sustainable management of soil-borne dis-eases and improving yield.In summary,this study reveals that garlic root exudate DADS triggers ROS-mediated selection pressure,enriching stress-tolerant P.allii and establishing an "altruistic" microbiome succession mechanism in crop-rotation systems.This mechanism enables targeted soil-borne disease management through plant-driven microbial community engineering.展开更多
The application of Blockchain Technology(BT)makes consumers trace more product information and enhances their trust in the product brand,but it also brings cost pressure to some participants who adopt the technology.T...The application of Blockchain Technology(BT)makes consumers trace more product information and enhances their trust in the product brand,but it also brings cost pressure to some participants who adopt the technology.Thus,it is particularly important how to encourage and support more enterprises to participate in BT.This study incorporates the altruistic preference into a BT-enabled three-echelon supply chain consisting of a powerful retailer,a supplier,and a manufacturer.We investigate the optimal strategies of the supply chain in different scenarios:without and with the BT,and without and with the altruistic preference.Then,we explore the effects of the BT and the retailer’s altruistic preference on the profit performance of the supply chain system.The results show that the retailer,the manufacturer,and the supplier do not always benefit from the traceability of the BT,and while the powerful retailer’s altruistic preference decreases his or her own profit but increases the profits of the manufacturer,the supplier,and the entire supply chain.Finally,a profit redistribution mechanism is designed to coordinate the supply chain with the retailer’s altruistic preference under the BT.展开更多
Abstract. This paper examines the equilibrium existence of an overlapping generationsmodel with transaction costs. Moreover, we also show that if the equilibrium prices ofbuying equal those of selling the equilibrium ...Abstract. This paper examines the equilibrium existence of an overlapping generationsmodel with transaction costs. Moreover, we also show that if the equilibrium prices ofbuying equal those of selling the equilibrium allocations are pareto effiCient when the valueof the aggregate endowment at equilibrium price is finite.展开更多
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is one of the most effective treatments for patients with end-stage renal disease.However,many regions face low deceased donor rates and limited ABO-compatible transplant availability...BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is one of the most effective treatments for patients with end-stage renal disease.However,many regions face low deceased donor rates and limited ABO-compatible transplant availability,which increases reliance on living donors.These regional challenges necessitate the implementation of kidney paired donation(KPD)programs to overcome incompatibilities such as ABO mismatch or positive cross-matching,even when suitable and willing donors are available.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a single-center domino KPD model in both operational planning and clinical management processes and to assess its impact on clinical outcomes.METHODS Between April 2020 and January 2024,we retrospectively evaluated patients enrolled in our center’s domino kidney transplantation program.Donor-recipient pairs unable to proceed due to ABO incompatibility or positive cross-matching with their own living donors were included.Donors and recipients were assessed based on blood group compatibility,HLA tissue typing,and negative cross-match results.A specialized computer algorithm grouped patients into three-way,fourway,and five-way chains.All surgical procedures were performed on the same day at a single center.RESULTS A total of 169 kidney transplants were performed,forming 52 domino chains.These domino KPD transplants accounted for a notable proportion of our center’s overall transplant activity,which included both living donor kidney transplants and deceased donor transplants.Among these chains,the primary reasons for participation were ABO incompatibility(74%),positive cross-matching(10%),and the desire to improve HLA mismatch(16%).Improved HLA mismatch profiles and high graft survival(96%at 1 year,92%at 3 years)and patient survival(98%at 1 year,94%at 3 years)rates were observed,as well as low acute rejection episodes.CONCLUSION The single-center domino KPD model enhanced transplant opportunities for incompatible donor-recipient pairs while maintaining excellent clinical outcomes.By providing a framework that addresses regional challenges,improves operational efficiency,and optimizes clinical management,this model offers actionable insights to reduce waiting lists and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
文摘Researchers have discovered that mice instinctively exhibit rescue-like behavior towards anesthetized companions-a finding that suggests a biological basis for prosociality.The study,published in PNAS on April 23,2025,was led by Dr.HU Li from the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(IPCAS)and Dr.CHEN Zhoufeng from Washington University School of Medicine and the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation.
基金supported by the Yizhou Organization Management Research Fund and the Hainan Province Graduate Student Innovation Research Project(grant no.Qhyb2024-135).
文摘We explored the relationship between Internet altruistic behavior(IAB)and subjective well-being(SWB)to estimate the effects and directionality of that predictive relationship between the two.Employing cross-lagged models we examined the interaction between IAB and SWB,among 339 college students(females=53.10%,mean age=19.02 years,SD=1.56 years).The students were tracked twice in a period of 5 months.Results showed that college students’IAB increased significantly,while their SWB remained relatively stable during the two measurement periods.IAB and SWB had significant simultaneous and sequential correlations.SWB at Time 1 positively predicted IAB at Time 2,however,IAB at Time 1 did not significantly predict SWB at Time 2.Moreover,there was cross-gender invariance in the cross-lagged effect between IAB and SWB.Research topics in the current environment exhibit remarkable practical significance.
基金supported by the Guangzhou City School Joint Found Project(SL2022A03J01009)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975135)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030310063).
文摘Solving the path planning problem of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)is crucial for reducing energy waste and improving operational efficiency.However,two main challenges hinder further development:Firstly,existing algorithms often treat this as a single-objective optimization problem,whereas in reality,it should be multi-objective,considering factors such as distance,safety,and smoothness simultaneously.Secondly,the limited availability of optimization results arises due to they are single-path,which fail to meet real-world conditions.To address these challenges,first of all,an improved AUV path planning model is proposed,in which the collisions of path and obstacles are classified more specifically.Subsequently,a novel Altruistic Nurturing Algorithm(ANA)inspired by natural altruism is introduced.In the algorithm,nurturing cost considering Pareto rank and crowd distance is introduced as guidance of evolution to avoid futile calculation,abandonment threshold is self-adaptive with descendant situation to help individuals escape from local optima and double selection strategy combining crowd and k-nearest neighbors selection helps to get a better-distributed Pareto front.Experimental results comparing ANA with existing algorithms in AUV path planning demonstrate its superiority.Finally,a user-friendly interface,the Multi-Objective AUV Path Planner,is designed to provide users with a group of paths for informed decisionmaking.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62271253,61901523,62001381)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.NS2023018)+2 种基金the National Aerospace Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023Z021052002the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University (No.2023D09)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of NUAA (No.xcxjh20220402)。
文摘To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference and external malicious jamming. A cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation method based on local altruistic is proposed to optimize UAVs’ channel selection. Specifically, a Stackelberg game is modeled to formulate the confrontation relationship between UAVs and the jammer. A local altruistic game is modeled with each UAV considering the utilities of both itself and other UAVs. A distributed cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the impact of the transmission power on the system loss value are analyzed, and the anti-jamming performance of the proposed algorithm can be improved by around 64% compared with the existing algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.71771156,71971145,72171158).
文摘Emergency decision-making problems usually involve many experts with different professional backgrounds and concerns,leading to non-cooperative behaviors during the consensus-reaching process.Many studies on noncooperative behavior management assumed that the maximumdegree of cooperation of experts is to totally accept the revisions suggested by the moderator,which restricted individuals with altruistic behaviors to make more contributions in the agreement-reaching process.In addition,when grouping a large group into subgroups by clustering methods,existing studies were based on the similarity of evaluation values or trust relationships among experts separately but did not consider them simultaneously.In this study,we introduce a clustering method considering the similarity of evaluation values and the trust relations of experts and then develop a consensusmodel taking into account the altruistic behaviors of experts.First,we cluster experts into subgroups by a constrained Kmeans clustering algorithm according to the opinion similarity and trust relationship of experts.Then,we calculate the weights of experts and clusters based on the centrality degrees of experts.Next,to enhance the quality of consensus reaching,we identify three kinds of non-cooperative behaviors and propose corresponding feedback mechanisms relying on the altruistic behaviors of experts.A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method in emergency decision-making.The study finds that integrating altruistic behavior analysis in group decision-making can safeguard the interests of experts and ensure the integrity of decision-making information.
文摘The motivation in public-private partnerships （PPPs） is to harness the strengths of public and private partners to deliver essential public services. The ability to transfer risk to the private sector in PPP has been one of the reasons why the public sector relies on the private sector to participate in the development of infrastructure projects. In most instances, the public sector also believes that the private sector can fund the project at a lower cost. The private sector on the other hand, believes that they could achieve a strong financial return based on the concessions that the public sector will provide. If the sectors feel altruistic empathy to each other, they will realize that their original goals are not achievable. However, having understood the other sector＇s needs and constraints, collaborative negotiation will yield a set of common goals. There are no commonly agreed frameworks on collaborative negotiation before PPP is formally established. The objective of this paper is to use deductive analysis to develop a conceptual framework for inquiring into the motivations of the public and private sectors during negotiation. This framework will provide insights on the extent of altruistic empathy of both sectors at the onset and how this altruistic empathy frames collaborative negotiation. This paper shows that collaborative negotiation will influence the success of partnerships and altruistic empathy is an important preamble to collaborative negotiation. This paper provides a frame of reference for future study using other research methods for further validation.
文摘Babette ZoumaraChina＇s engagement in Africa has been controversial. Some see China＇s involvement as the actions of an ＂imperial power＂ practicing ＂virtual colonialism.＂
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0107500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260706)+1 种基金Colorful Yunnan Postdoctoral Program(A3012025211)Gansu Province Postdoctoral Special Project(25JRRG024).
文摘Crops leave a soil legacy with altruistic effects for subsequent crops but not for themselves.While research has focused on improvements in soil physicochemical properties and the suppression of non-host patho-gens,the altruistic microbiome and its assembly mechanism driven by root exudates remain largely un-known.Here,we identified altruistic but self-detrimental phenomena when garlic was rotated with other crops based on meta-analysis and in vivo experiments.Studies utilizing a globally adopted garlic-pepper rotation system demonstrated density-dependent enrichment of key microbial taxa,especially the Penicil-lium genus,which supports the healthy growth of non-Allium plants but exhibits pathogenicity toward garlic.Furthermore,we found that garlic roots stably secrete diallyl disulfide(DADS)into soil,imposing reactive oxygen species(ROS)stress in the rhizosphere and reshaping the microbial community,particu-larly suppressing ROS-sensitive pathogens while enriching ROS-tolerant beneficial microorganisms.As a result,Penicillium allii,with strong oxidative stress tolerance,survives and accumulates in the highly stressful garlic rhizosphere environment,thereby playing an"altruistic but self-detrimental"role in the rotation system.In addition,preliminary field experiments showed that co-application of DADS with P.allii could enhance stable colonization of P.allii,promoting sustainable management of soil-borne dis-eases and improving yield.In summary,this study reveals that garlic root exudate DADS triggers ROS-mediated selection pressure,enriching stress-tolerant P.allii and establishing an "altruistic" microbiome succession mechanism in crop-rotation systems.This mechanism enables targeted soil-borne disease management through plant-driven microbial community engineering.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Education of Ministry of China(No.23YJA630105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11971349).
文摘The application of Blockchain Technology(BT)makes consumers trace more product information and enhances their trust in the product brand,but it also brings cost pressure to some participants who adopt the technology.Thus,it is particularly important how to encourage and support more enterprises to participate in BT.This study incorporates the altruistic preference into a BT-enabled three-echelon supply chain consisting of a powerful retailer,a supplier,and a manufacturer.We investigate the optimal strategies of the supply chain in different scenarios:without and with the BT,and without and with the altruistic preference.Then,we explore the effects of the BT and the retailer’s altruistic preference on the profit performance of the supply chain system.The results show that the retailer,the manufacturer,and the supplier do not always benefit from the traceability of the BT,and while the powerful retailer’s altruistic preference decreases his or her own profit but increases the profits of the manufacturer,the supplier,and the entire supply chain.Finally,a profit redistribution mechanism is designed to coordinate the supply chain with the retailer’s altruistic preference under the BT.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(79790130).
文摘Abstract. This paper examines the equilibrium existence of an overlapping generationsmodel with transaction costs. Moreover, we also show that if the equilibrium prices ofbuying equal those of selling the equilibrium allocations are pareto effiCient when the valueof the aggregate endowment at equilibrium price is finite.
文摘BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is one of the most effective treatments for patients with end-stage renal disease.However,many regions face low deceased donor rates and limited ABO-compatible transplant availability,which increases reliance on living donors.These regional challenges necessitate the implementation of kidney paired donation(KPD)programs to overcome incompatibilities such as ABO mismatch or positive cross-matching,even when suitable and willing donors are available.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a single-center domino KPD model in both operational planning and clinical management processes and to assess its impact on clinical outcomes.METHODS Between April 2020 and January 2024,we retrospectively evaluated patients enrolled in our center’s domino kidney transplantation program.Donor-recipient pairs unable to proceed due to ABO incompatibility or positive cross-matching with their own living donors were included.Donors and recipients were assessed based on blood group compatibility,HLA tissue typing,and negative cross-match results.A specialized computer algorithm grouped patients into three-way,fourway,and five-way chains.All surgical procedures were performed on the same day at a single center.RESULTS A total of 169 kidney transplants were performed,forming 52 domino chains.These domino KPD transplants accounted for a notable proportion of our center’s overall transplant activity,which included both living donor kidney transplants and deceased donor transplants.Among these chains,the primary reasons for participation were ABO incompatibility(74%),positive cross-matching(10%),and the desire to improve HLA mismatch(16%).Improved HLA mismatch profiles and high graft survival(96%at 1 year,92%at 3 years)and patient survival(98%at 1 year,94%at 3 years)rates were observed,as well as low acute rejection episodes.CONCLUSION The single-center domino KPD model enhanced transplant opportunities for incompatible donor-recipient pairs while maintaining excellent clinical outcomes.By providing a framework that addresses regional challenges,improves operational efficiency,and optimizes clinical management,this model offers actionable insights to reduce waiting lists and improve patient outcomes.
