为研究烯丙孕素对乏情后备母猪繁殖成绩的影响,将566头225日龄前未发情的长大二元杂种后备母猪分为2组,试验组饲喂烯丙孕素口服液5 m L,连喂18 d;对照组按猪场精液诱情、舍外运动场运动、限饲等流程处理。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组...为研究烯丙孕素对乏情后备母猪繁殖成绩的影响,将566头225日龄前未发情的长大二元杂种后备母猪分为2组,试验组饲喂烯丙孕素口服液5 m L,连喂18 d;对照组按猪场精液诱情、舍外运动场运动、限饲等流程处理。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组后备母猪9月龄利用率提高33个百分点(P<0.01),配种分娩率提高11.41个百分点(P<0.01),胎均活仔数提高0.77头(P<0.01),胎均健仔数提高0.97头(P<0.01)。说明烯丙孕素能够显著提高225日龄未发情后备母猪的繁殖成绩。展开更多
目的建立QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS)检测猪肝中烯丙孕素残留量的分析方法。方法猪肝样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解后,用乙腈提取,提取液用以...目的建立QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS)检测猪肝中烯丙孕素残留量的分析方法。方法猪肝样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解后,用乙腈提取,提取液用以PSA和C_(18)为吸附剂的QuEChERS法净化,净化液经氮吹至干用5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液:乙腈(6:4,V:V)溶液复溶后进行LC-MS/MS分析测定。采用Acquity BEH C_(18)色谱柱,以5 mmol/L甲酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果方法的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)分别为0.03μg/kg和0.10μg/kg。在烯丙孕素浓度为0.01~5.0μg/L的范围内,线性相关系数(r)为0.9997,3个浓度水平加标回收率在73.0%~87.5%之间,批内相对标准偏差为2.6%~4.8%,批间相对标准偏差为4.1%~4.6%。结论该方法简单快捷、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于猪肝中痕量烯丙孕素残留量的分析。展开更多
Altrenogest(ALT),drospirenone(DRO),and melengestrol acetate(MLA)are three highly potent synthetic progestins that can be released into agricultural soils,while their fate in soil minerals remains unclear.This study ex...Altrenogest(ALT),drospirenone(DRO),and melengestrol acetate(MLA)are three highly potent synthetic progestins that can be released into agricultural soils,while their fate in soil minerals remains unclear.This study explored the transformation of these progestins in MnO_(2),SiO_(2),and ferrihydrite suspensions and identified their transformation products(TPs)via high resolution mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations.Transformations were only observed for DRO and MLA in SiO_(2) suspension and ALT in MnO_(2) suspension(half-lives=0.86 min–9.90 day).ALT transformation was facilitated at higher MnO_(2) loadings,while DRO and MLA transformations were inhibited at higher SiO_(2) loadings.These data indicated that hydrophobic partitioning interactionwas dominant at higher SiO_(2) loadings rather than specific interaction,which limited subsequent surface-catalyzed transformation.ALT transformation rate decreased with increasing pH because MnO_(2) reduction requires proton participation.In contrast,relatively high pH facilitated MLA and DRO transformation,indicating that base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurred in SiO_(2) suspension.The clustermap demonstrated the formation of abundant TPs.Lactone ring and acetoxy group hydrolysis was the major transformation pathway for DRO and MLA,with estimated yields of 57.7%and 173.2%at 6 day,respectively.ALT experienced C12 hydroxylation and formed the major TP 326g(yield of 15.4%at 8 hr).ALT also experienced allyl group oxidation and subsequent C5 hydroxylation,forming the major TP 344a(yield of 14.1%at 8 hr).This study demonstrates that TPs ofmetastable progestins are likely the main species in soils and that TP identification is a particular priority for risk assessment.展开更多
为评价烯丙孕素口服液对猪的安全性,将24头达到性成熟的苏姜母猪随机分为4组,每组6头,采用多剂量水平给药进行靶动物安全性研究,其中受试药物设最大推荐剂量每头动物每日20 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次5 m L)、2倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日40...为评价烯丙孕素口服液对猪的安全性,将24头达到性成熟的苏姜母猪随机分为4组,每组6头,采用多剂量水平给药进行靶动物安全性研究,其中受试药物设最大推荐剂量每头动物每日20 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次5 m L)、2倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日40 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次10 m L)和3倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日60 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次15 m L)三个剂量组;另设一空白对照组,每头动物每日15 m L洁净自来水,体积相当于3倍受试药推荐剂量的体积。通过一般临床观察、各组动物体重、血液学和血液生化学参数等指标及组织病理学检测或观察,评价烯丙孕素在临床用药的安全性。结果表明,试验期间各组猪均未死亡且健康良好,期间临床表现正常,3倍最大推荐剂量组剖检动物各组织器官未发现病理变化。在血液生理指标及生化指标方面,推荐剂量组、2倍推荐剂量组、3倍最大推荐剂量组与空白对照组相比,除少部分指标外,其他各指标并无显著差异。试验结果说明,烯丙孕素在推荐剂量下使用在靶动物猪上具有较高的安全性。展开更多
文摘为研究烯丙孕素对乏情后备母猪繁殖成绩的影响,将566头225日龄前未发情的长大二元杂种后备母猪分为2组,试验组饲喂烯丙孕素口服液5 m L,连喂18 d;对照组按猪场精液诱情、舍外运动场运动、限饲等流程处理。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组后备母猪9月龄利用率提高33个百分点(P<0.01),配种分娩率提高11.41个百分点(P<0.01),胎均活仔数提高0.77头(P<0.01),胎均健仔数提高0.97头(P<0.01)。说明烯丙孕素能够显著提高225日龄未发情后备母猪的繁殖成绩。
文摘目的建立QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS)检测猪肝中烯丙孕素残留量的分析方法。方法猪肝样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解后,用乙腈提取,提取液用以PSA和C_(18)为吸附剂的QuEChERS法净化,净化液经氮吹至干用5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液:乙腈(6:4,V:V)溶液复溶后进行LC-MS/MS分析测定。采用Acquity BEH C_(18)色谱柱,以5 mmol/L甲酸溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果方法的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)分别为0.03μg/kg和0.10μg/kg。在烯丙孕素浓度为0.01~5.0μg/L的范围内,线性相关系数(r)为0.9997,3个浓度水平加标回收率在73.0%~87.5%之间,批内相对标准偏差为2.6%~4.8%,批间相对标准偏差为4.1%~4.6%。结论该方法简单快捷、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于猪肝中痕量烯丙孕素残留量的分析。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177367,41877063,and U1901601)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2019YFC1804400)the Central Government Fund Supporting Non-profit Scientific Institutes for Basic Research and Development(No.PM-zx703-202112-332).
文摘Altrenogest(ALT),drospirenone(DRO),and melengestrol acetate(MLA)are three highly potent synthetic progestins that can be released into agricultural soils,while their fate in soil minerals remains unclear.This study explored the transformation of these progestins in MnO_(2),SiO_(2),and ferrihydrite suspensions and identified their transformation products(TPs)via high resolution mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations.Transformations were only observed for DRO and MLA in SiO_(2) suspension and ALT in MnO_(2) suspension(half-lives=0.86 min–9.90 day).ALT transformation was facilitated at higher MnO_(2) loadings,while DRO and MLA transformations were inhibited at higher SiO_(2) loadings.These data indicated that hydrophobic partitioning interactionwas dominant at higher SiO_(2) loadings rather than specific interaction,which limited subsequent surface-catalyzed transformation.ALT transformation rate decreased with increasing pH because MnO_(2) reduction requires proton participation.In contrast,relatively high pH facilitated MLA and DRO transformation,indicating that base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurred in SiO_(2) suspension.The clustermap demonstrated the formation of abundant TPs.Lactone ring and acetoxy group hydrolysis was the major transformation pathway for DRO and MLA,with estimated yields of 57.7%and 173.2%at 6 day,respectively.ALT experienced C12 hydroxylation and formed the major TP 326g(yield of 15.4%at 8 hr).ALT also experienced allyl group oxidation and subsequent C5 hydroxylation,forming the major TP 344a(yield of 14.1%at 8 hr).This study demonstrates that TPs ofmetastable progestins are likely the main species in soils and that TP identification is a particular priority for risk assessment.
文摘为评价烯丙孕素口服液对猪的安全性,将24头达到性成熟的苏姜母猪随机分为4组,每组6头,采用多剂量水平给药进行靶动物安全性研究,其中受试药物设最大推荐剂量每头动物每日20 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次5 m L)、2倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日40 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次10 m L)和3倍最大推荐剂量每头动物每日60 mg烯丙孕素(相当于每次15 m L)三个剂量组;另设一空白对照组,每头动物每日15 m L洁净自来水,体积相当于3倍受试药推荐剂量的体积。通过一般临床观察、各组动物体重、血液学和血液生化学参数等指标及组织病理学检测或观察,评价烯丙孕素在临床用药的安全性。结果表明,试验期间各组猪均未死亡且健康良好,期间临床表现正常,3倍最大推荐剂量组剖检动物各组织器官未发现病理变化。在血液生理指标及生化指标方面,推荐剂量组、2倍推荐剂量组、3倍最大推荐剂量组与空白对照组相比,除少部分指标外,其他各指标并无显著差异。试验结果说明,烯丙孕素在推荐剂量下使用在靶动物猪上具有较高的安全性。
