In the large helical device （LHD） having three dimensional configuration, Alfven eigenmodes （AEs） destabilized by energetic ions are widely investigated using neutral beam heated plasmas with monotonic and non-mon...In the large helical device （LHD） having three dimensional configuration, Alfven eigenmodes （AEs） destabilized by energetic ions are widely investigated using neutral beam heated plasmas with monotonic and non-monotonic rotational transform （l/2π） profiles. In a plasma with monotonic l/2π-profile, core-localized toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode （TAE） as well as global one are often observed. With the increase in the averaged toroidal beta value, defined as the ratio of total plasma pressure to toroidal magnetic pressure, core-localized TAE with low toroidal mode number becomes global. In a relatively high beta plasma with monotonic l/2π-profile, two TAEs with different toroidal mode number often interact nonlinearly and generate another modes through three wave coupling. In a plasma with non-monotonic l/2π-profile generated by intense counter neutral beam current drive, reversed shear Alfven eigenmode （RSAE） and geodesic acoustic mode （CAM） excited by energetic ions were observed for the first time in a helical plasma. Nonlinear coupling was also observed between RSAE and GAM.展开更多
The characteristics of a stable discharge at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The plasma source consisted of two closely spaced parallel-plated perforated electrodes, driven by a radio frequency power to generate...The characteristics of a stable discharge at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The plasma source consisted of two closely spaced parallel-plated perforated electrodes, driven by a radio frequency power to generate a uniform cold plasma in Helium at atmospheric pressure. Both alpha and gamma modes were clearly observed. The hollow cathode effects were found in the discharge. The influence of the dielectric barrier on the discharge was also investigated by utilizing a surface-anodized aluminium electrode as the anode.展开更多
[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番...[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番茄(第20茬蔬菜)盛果期,选择定位试验中的6个等氮磷钾投入处理,包括全部使用化肥氮(4/4CN)处理和5个有机替代处理(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN、1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN),其中M和S代表猪粪和秸秆。采集0—20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤微生物相关指标。[结果]有机替代处理的土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量较4/4CN处理平均分别增加101.5%和134.6%,以2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN处理的土壤MBC和MBN含量相对较高,较4/4CN平均分别增加158.8%和210.9%。与4/4CN相比,有机替代处理的土壤细菌和真菌丰度平均分别增加8.6%和11.6%,古菌平均降低21.7%;高碳有机替代模式(1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN)土壤细菌和真菌丰度较低碳有机替代模式(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)平均分别增加12.3%和12.0%,古菌丰度平均降低12.9%。与4/4 CN处理相比,低量、中量有机替代模式(3/4 C N+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)土壤细菌、真菌Shannon指数没有显著增加,而有机替代模式古菌Shannon指数平均增加了9.0%,高碳有机替代处理古菌Shannon指数平均增加了11.9%。与4/4CN处理相比,有机替代模式提高了土壤细菌中变形菌门相对丰度,降低了放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度;提高了土壤真菌中子囊菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门相对丰度,降低了担子菌门相对丰度;提高了古菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门相对丰度。主成分分析表明,土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成对施肥模式的响应弱于古菌。冗余分析表明,有机碳和硝态氮分别解释土壤细菌群落结构变异的22.3%和16.1%,解释真菌群落结构变异的10.4%和8.9%,解释古菌群落结构变异的36.0%和34.7%。[结论]同等养分投入量下,以有机肥、秸秆氮替代部分化肥氮可提高土壤细菌和真菌丰度,降低古菌丰度,改变土壤优势菌群的组成,增加微生物多样性。土壤硝态氮和有机碳含量是影响土壤细菌、真菌和古菌群落结构的共同因素,古菌对施肥模式的反应强于细菌和真菌。其中,以2/4化肥+1/4猪粪+1/4秸秆施肥模式可获得最多样的微生物群落结构。展开更多
基金LHD project budget of Japan (NIFS08ULHH508)the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from MEST of Japan (No.16082209)the JSPS-CAS Core-University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘In the large helical device （LHD） having three dimensional configuration, Alfven eigenmodes （AEs） destabilized by energetic ions are widely investigated using neutral beam heated plasmas with monotonic and non-monotonic rotational transform （l/2π） profiles. In a plasma with monotonic l/2π-profile, core-localized toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode （TAE） as well as global one are often observed. With the increase in the averaged toroidal beta value, defined as the ratio of total plasma pressure to toroidal magnetic pressure, core-localized TAE with low toroidal mode number becomes global. In a relatively high beta plasma with monotonic l/2π-profile, two TAEs with different toroidal mode number often interact nonlinearly and generate another modes through three wave coupling. In a plasma with non-monotonic l/2π-profile generated by intense counter neutral beam current drive, reversed shear Alfven eigenmode （RSAE） and geodesic acoustic mode （CAM） excited by energetic ions were observed for the first time in a helical plasma. Nonlinear coupling was also observed between RSAE and GAM.
文摘The characteristics of a stable discharge at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The plasma source consisted of two closely spaced parallel-plated perforated electrodes, driven by a radio frequency power to generate a uniform cold plasma in Helium at atmospheric pressure. Both alpha and gamma modes were clearly observed. The hollow cathode effects were found in the discharge. The influence of the dielectric barrier on the discharge was also investigated by utilizing a surface-anodized aluminium electrode as the anode.
文摘[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番茄(第20茬蔬菜)盛果期,选择定位试验中的6个等氮磷钾投入处理,包括全部使用化肥氮(4/4CN)处理和5个有机替代处理(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN、1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN),其中M和S代表猪粪和秸秆。采集0—20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤微生物相关指标。[结果]有机替代处理的土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量较4/4CN处理平均分别增加101.5%和134.6%,以2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN处理的土壤MBC和MBN含量相对较高,较4/4CN平均分别增加158.8%和210.9%。与4/4CN相比,有机替代处理的土壤细菌和真菌丰度平均分别增加8.6%和11.6%,古菌平均降低21.7%;高碳有机替代模式(1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN)土壤细菌和真菌丰度较低碳有机替代模式(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)平均分别增加12.3%和12.0%,古菌丰度平均降低12.9%。与4/4 CN处理相比,低量、中量有机替代模式(3/4 C N+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)土壤细菌、真菌Shannon指数没有显著增加,而有机替代模式古菌Shannon指数平均增加了9.0%,高碳有机替代处理古菌Shannon指数平均增加了11.9%。与4/4CN处理相比,有机替代模式提高了土壤细菌中变形菌门相对丰度,降低了放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度;提高了土壤真菌中子囊菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门相对丰度,降低了担子菌门相对丰度;提高了古菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门相对丰度。主成分分析表明,土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成对施肥模式的响应弱于古菌。冗余分析表明,有机碳和硝态氮分别解释土壤细菌群落结构变异的22.3%和16.1%,解释真菌群落结构变异的10.4%和8.9%,解释古菌群落结构变异的36.0%和34.7%。[结论]同等养分投入量下,以有机肥、秸秆氮替代部分化肥氮可提高土壤细菌和真菌丰度,降低古菌丰度,改变土壤优势菌群的组成,增加微生物多样性。土壤硝态氮和有机碳含量是影响土壤细菌、真菌和古菌群落结构的共同因素,古菌对施肥模式的反应强于细菌和真菌。其中,以2/4化肥+1/4猪粪+1/4秸秆施肥模式可获得最多样的微生物群落结构。
