Using the method of IR spectroscopy it was ascertained that in pectinates and alginates of polyvalent metals the coordination bonds between cations Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and the oxygen atoms o...Using the method of IR spectroscopy it was ascertained that in pectinates and alginates of polyvalent metals the coordination bonds between cations Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and the oxygen atoms of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, pyranose cycle and glycosidic linkage of polyuronides, the water molecules are formed. It was also ascertained that Cu2+ cations form asymmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (monodentate ligands) and cations of other metals—symmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (bidentate ligands).展开更多
This preliminary research project has been conducted to evaluate different elastic polymer materials in terms of their applicability in peripheral nerve regeneration. Poly(tetrafluoroetylene-co-difluorovinylidene-co-p...This preliminary research project has been conducted to evaluate different elastic polymer materials in terms of their applicability in peripheral nerve regeneration. Poly(tetrafluoroetylene-co-difluorovinylidene-co-propylene), poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide), and polyurethane were used for the manufacture of tubular implants. Alginate sodium gel and fibers were used as a scaffold to fill in tube nerve grafts and enhance nerve regeneration. The tubes were implanted to reconstruct a 10 mm gap in the sciatic nerve in rats. After 3, 7, 14, 28 days the tubes were retrieved for histological examination. Among tested tubes polyurethane implants were found to be the most suitable because of their mechanical and surgical properties. Other tested implants were found to be unfavorable due to their inappropriate rigidity, elasticity or surgical convenience. Alginate transformation into dense gel form was observed that hindered inner tube space cellular colonization. In consequence of this transformation nerve regeneration was inhibited inside tube nerve grafts. Histological examination showed massive colonization of the implants with Schwann cells, and growth of new axons was found within Schwann cells growing on tubes external surface. Appropriate time rates for alginate gelation and dissolving must be determined to allow undisturbed tissue growth and maturation.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric ...Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1??to 123.5??.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.展开更多
With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic wave.Complete cross-linking strategy is adopted in...With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic wave.Complete cross-linking strategy is adopted in this paper.Polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylamide(AM)monomer.The obtained PAM was blended with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prepare PAM/PEG hydrogels and form rigid support structures.Subsequently,the modified carbon nanotubes(S-CNTs)were incorpor-ated into sodium alginate(SA)and PAM/PEG.Finally,Na+was used to trigger SA self-assembly,which significantly improved the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the hydrogels,and prepared PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels with high tough-ness and strong electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency(SE).The results showed that the compressive strength of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogel was 19.05 MPa,which was 7.69%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogel(17.69 MPa).More en-couraging,the average EMI SE of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels at a thickness of only 3 mm and a CNTs content of 16.53wt%was 32.92 dB,which is 113.21%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogels(15.44 dB).展开更多
Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessf...Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to p...Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.展开更多
The mini-review explores the potential use of alginates produced biotechnologically by bacteria for the development of various implantable biomaterials intended for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration in orthopedic...The mini-review explores the potential use of alginates produced biotechnologically by bacteria for the development of various implantable biomaterials intended for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration in orthopedics:the recent studies on the use of algal alginate-based biomaterials in the form of hydrogels,scaffolds,and microparticles for medical applications are considered as a potential opportunity to use bacterial alginate for these applications,taking into account the advantages of biotechnological production of a polymer with desired properties.The methods of producing different alginate-based biomaterials,the manufacturing of implantable medical devices using them,and the surgical techniques for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration using these materials for orthopedic purposes are discussed.展开更多
Hexavalent chromium,when present in high concentrations,causes a serious threat to the ecosystem.This can lead to severe ecological damage and persistent environmental issues,making it a significant concern for long-t...Hexavalent chromium,when present in high concentrations,causes a serious threat to the ecosystem.This can lead to severe ecological damage and persistent environmental issues,making it a significant concern for long-term sustainability.Thus,there is a strong need for high-performing adsorbents to remove high concentrations of Cr(VI)from the environment.In the present study,Citrus Limetta peels were utilised to produce pristine biochar,which was treated with iron oxides to generate magnetic biochar and modified with chitosan,sodium alginate,and pectin to produce respective modified biochar.Among all five biochars,Chitosan-modified biochar(CMBC)displayed the highest removal efficiency towards Cr(VI)from water with a maximum adsorption capacity of 152.44 mg/g and a removal capacity of 76.22%.Furthermore,adsorption kinetics indicates that the adsorption process is a pseudo-second order-kinetic model with R^(2)and qe of 0.99 and 99 mg/g,respectively.The Langmuir isotherm best describes the adsorption process.After five regenerative cycles,the removal efficiency was maintained at up to 71.80%.This work highlights the remarkable potential of engineered biochar in wastewater treatment.展开更多
Hydrogel has developed into a very important platform in solar interface evaporator.However,the current hydrogel evaporators are usually three-dimensional evaporators,which will consume a lot of raw materials.Thus,a n...Hydrogel has developed into a very important platform in solar interface evaporator.However,the current hydrogel evaporators are usually three-dimensional evaporators,which will consume a lot of raw materials.Thus,a new two-dimensional hydrogel evaporator is urgently needed to alleviate this problem.Here,a double layer hydrogel evaporator was designed by twice vacuum filtration.Furthermore,through the arched design and the introduction of concentrated brine drainage system,the hydrogel evaporator has enhanced water transportation and tailored water transportation path.Such a unique drainage evaporation system greatly improves the stability of the evaporator.Thereby,a good balance is established between photothermal conversion and water supply,and solar energy is utilized efficiently.It can remain stable in continuous evaporation for up to 12 h with an excellent evaporation rate of 2.70 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation.Meanwhile,the drainage system realized the 1.8×10^(-10)mol m^(-2)s^(-1)diffusion flux of concentrated brine.Through one-time freeze-drying preparation,an arch-shaped drainage evaporator was used to prepare an evaporation area of more than 20 cm^(2).With the self-made condensate collecting device in outdoor environment,the fresh water yield reaches 7.5 L m^(-2)d^(-1).This provides a new scheme for building a new hydrogel evaporator and solving the fresh water crisis.展开更多
Polymeric materials,known for their lightweight and strength,are widely used today.However,their non-biodegradable nature poses significant environmental challenges.This research aimed to develop biodegradable films f...Polymeric materials,known for their lightweight and strength,are widely used today.However,their non-biodegradable nature poses significant environmental challenges.This research aimed to develop biodegradable films from fruits and vegetables,using alginate as a binding agent.Using a completely randomized design,seven experimental sets were prepared with carrots,Kimju guava,and Namwa banana peel fibers as the primary materials and alginate as the secondary material at three levels:1.2,1.8,and 2.4 by weight.The solution technique was employed to create the samples.Upon testing mechanical and physical properties,experimental set 3,consisting of 60%guava and 1.8%alginate,emerged as the optimal ratio.This combination exhibited favorable physical properties,including a thickness of 0.26±0.02 mm,meeting the standards for food packaging films.Additionally,the tensile strength was 0.50±0.01 N/m²,and the elongation at break was 55.60±0.44%.Regarding chemical properties,the moisture content of 5.64±0.03%fell within the acceptable range for dried food.Furthermore,a 30-day soil burial test revealed that the sample from experimental set 3 exhibited the highest degradation rate.In conclusion,these findings suggest that guava can be a promising raw material for producing biodegradable plastics suitable for packaging applications.展开更多
The development of high-performance carbon-based composite hosts plays decisive roles in the electrochemistry of lithium sulfur batteries.Herein,a novel metal-ion induced gelation self-assembly technology is reported ...The development of high-performance carbon-based composite hosts plays decisive roles in the electrochemistry of lithium sulfur batteries.Herein,a novel metal-ion induced gelation self-assembly technology is reported to construct sodium alginate carbon(SAC)based polar hierarchical carbon composites with cross-linked network architecture and in-situ co-grown cross-linked polar nanoparticles.Interestingly,it shows high versatility to an extensive array of materials including metals,alloys,and metallic oxides.As a representative,NiCo alloy nanoparticles are chosen to obtain the SAC/NiCo composite host for sulfur in LSBs,which possess superior physical/chemical adsorption capabilities and catalytic conversion kinetics to polysulfide in virtue of synergistic interaction between the hierarchical pore structures and NiCo catalyst.The designed SAC/NiCo-S cathode shows superior electrochemical performance with excellent rate capacity(2 C:693.5 mAh/g)and enhanced cycling stability(764.3 mAh/g at 0.1 C after 240 cycles).This work provides a straightforward approach for fabricating multifunctional carbon composites with adjustable component for advanced energy storage system.展开更多
Moist-electric generation,a green and environmentally friendly energy harvesting technology,is undoubt-edly one of the effective methods to alleviate energy shortages and environmental damage.However,the lack of fiber...Moist-electric generation,a green and environmentally friendly energy harvesting technology,is undoubt-edly one of the effective methods to alleviate energy shortages and environmental damage.However,the lack of fiber-like moist-electric generators(MEGs)that combine continuous power generation and high electrical output performance has constrained the development of moist-electric in the fields of flexi-ble wearable and self-power supplies.In this work,sodium alginate(SA)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)fibers with axial heterogeneous(axi-he)of oxygen-containing functional groups(Ocfgs)are prepared through a mold forming method in assistance with the coagulation process.The interaction be-tween axi-he MEG and moisture is investigated by analyzing the electrical signal changes of dried MEG under moisture stimulation.The maximum output voltage and current of axi-he MEG can reach 0.35 V and 1.92μA under the stimulation of moisture.Based on the regulation of Ocfgs,axi-he MEG has a con-tinuous high moist-electric performance and environmental adaptability.The maximum output power density(Pmo)of axi-he MEG with a length of only 2 cm can reach 27.37μW cm-2 at RH=90%,which exceeds most of the MEGs reported in literature.Meanwhile,a continuous output voltage of 0.33-0.37 V for more than 15 h can be obtained from this axi-he MEG.Thus,the axi-he MEG from Ocfg distribution design and mold forming method provides a new way of clean energy generation using moisture from the ambient environment,exhibiting enormous potential in energy supply for Internet of Things(IoT)devices.展开更多
Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Traditio...Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Traditional glass fiber(GF)separator with chemical inertness is almost ineffective in restricting these challenges.Herein,inspired by the ionic enrichment behavior of seaweed plants,a facile biomass species,anionic sodium alginate(SA),is purposely decorated on the commercial GF separator to tackle these issues towards Zn anode.Benefiting from the abundant zincophilic functional groups and superior mechanical strength properties,the as-obtained SA@GF separator could act as ion pump to boost the Zn^(2+)transference number(0.68),reduce the de-solvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn^(2+),and eliminate the undesired concentration polarization effect,which are verified by experimental tests,theoretical calculations,and finite element simulation,respectively.Based on these efficient modulation mechanisms,the SA@GF separator can synchronously achieve well-aligned Zn deposition and the suppression of parasitic side-reactions.Therefore,the Zn‖Zn coin cell integrated with SA@GF separator could yield a prolonged calendar lifespan over 1230 h(1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)),exhibiting favorable competitiveness with previously reported separator modification strategies.Impressively,the Zn-MnO_(2)full and pouch cell assembled with the SA@GF separator also delivered superior cycling stability and rate performance,further verifying its practical application effect.This work provides a new design philosophy to stabilize the Zn anode from the aspect of separator.展开更多
Natural rubber(NR)foams are widely used.However,further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application.This study aims to create an ...Natural rubber(NR)foams are widely used.However,further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application.This study aims to create an NR foam from rubber reinforced with sugarcane bagasse ash(SCBA)and sodium alginate.The results showed that the SCBA was primarily composed of silica or silicon dioxide(87.52%by weight)and carbon(11.41%by weight).This study investigated the influence of the amount of sodium alginate(0-5 phr)used in the NR foam formation.The addition of SCBA on the NR foam affected the density,swelling behavior,and crosslink density of the foam.The results identified an optimal loading level that improved the density and morphology of the foam.The hardness and modulus of the NR foam increased with increasing amounts of SCBA,suggesting insufficient reinforcement.The NR exhibited the highest compressive stress at the SCBA concentration of 5 phr.This study facilitates the development of NR as green material and other support materials.展开更多
Mimicking the hierarchical structure of the skin is one of the most important strategies in skin tissue engineering.Monolayer wound dressings are usually not able to provide several functions at the same time and cann...Mimicking the hierarchical structure of the skin is one of the most important strategies in skin tissue engineering.Monolayer wound dressings are usually not able to provide several functions at the same time and cannot meet all clinical needs.In order to maximize therapeutic efficiency,herein,we fabricated a Tri-layer wound dressing,where the middle layer was fabricated via 3D-printing and composed of alginate,tragacanth and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs).Both upper and bottom layers were constructed using electrospinning technique;the upper layer was made of hydrophobic polycaprolactone to mimic epidermis,while the bottom layer consisted of Soluplus■ and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)to promote cell behavior.Swelling,water vapor permeability and tensile properties of the dressings were evaluated and the Tri-layer dressing exhibited impressive antibacterial activity and cell stimulation following by the release of ZnO NPs and IGF-1.Additionally,the Tri-layer dressing led to faster healing of full-thicknesswound in ratmodel compared to monolayer and Bilayer dressings.Overall,the evidence confirmed that the Trilayer wound dressing is extremely effective for full-thickness wound healing.展开更多
Sodium alginate(SA)is generally considered highly hydrophilic due to two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylate group on each pyranose ring.However,SA will form a gel after dissolving in water for a certain period.The two ...Sodium alginate(SA)is generally considered highly hydrophilic due to two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylate group on each pyranose ring.However,SA will form a gel after dissolving in water for a certain period.The two properties of SA,hydrophilicity and gelation,seem to be paradoxical.In this study,to explore the mechanism behind these paradoxical properties,the single-chain behaviors of SA in various liquid environments have been investigated by using single-molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS).In nonpolar solvents such as nonane,SA exhibits its single-chain inherent elasticity consistent with the theoretical elasticity derived from quantum mechanical(QM)calculations.Notably,the experimental curve of SA obtained in water shows a long plateau in the low force region.Further research reveals that this phenomenon is driven by the hydrophobic effect.Additionally,SA shows greater rigidity than its inherent elasticity in the middle and high force regions due to electrostatic repulsion between carboxylate groups on adjacent sugar rings.Comparative single-molecule studies suggest that SA exhibits considerable hydrophobicity,offering new insights into the gelation process in water.展开更多
As a biomass material with biodegradability and biocompatibility, sodium alginate (SA) is a good candidate for constructing hydrogels for tissue-mimicking and biomedical scaffold fabricating through extrusion-based 3D...As a biomass material with biodegradability and biocompatibility, sodium alginate (SA) is a good candidate for constructing hydrogels for tissue-mimicking and biomedical scaffold fabricating through extrusion-based 3D printing technology. However, the mechanical strength and stiffness of alginate hydrogels are still not comparable with biological tissues such as tendons and the printability of SA solutions is often poor. Here, a novel strategy for 3D printing of alginate hydrogels with high mechanical performance is developed by using glycerol as a co-solvent for SA solutions. The addition of glycerol (GL) enables the formation of a homogenous SA/GL solution with a high solid content of 12–20 wt.% and endows crosslinked SA hydrogels with high stretchability. By applying uniaxial stretches, hydrogel filaments prepared with concentrated SA/GL solutions reveal a high tensile strength of 36.6–161.3 MPa, Young's modulus of 59.2–1964.2 MPa, and elongation at break of 8.5 %–106.2 % due to the high orientated and closely packed SA chains. SA/GL solutions become more solid-like with increasing SA concentration, and the solution with a solid content of 16 wt.% exhibits optimal 3D printability because of the appropriate rheological properties and thixotropic behavior. By designing the deforming-and-fixing process, 3D printed high-strength alginate hydrogels with complex structures are prepared, broadening the application of alginate hydrogels in load-bearing and biomedical fields.展开更多
Alginate-based magnetic micro/millirobots have demonstrated significant potential for biomedical applications due to their flexible structures and capacity to carry various types of cargo,such as cells,enabling target...Alginate-based magnetic micro/millirobots have demonstrated significant potential for biomedical applications due to their flexible structures and capacity to carry various types of cargo,such as cells,enabling targeted therapy to specific diseased regions within the body.Their active therapy is typically achieved through magnetic actuation and magnetic heating,while monitored by medical imaging methods like CT which pose additional risks due to radiation exposure.In the last decades,a novel imaging method for superparamagnetic materials,known as magnetic particle imaging(MPI),has been under active development,offering not only positional tracking but also the ability to measure concentration and temperature.Here,we report the world's first MPI-traceable magnetic hydrogel robots,which employ a combination of iron oxide nanoflowers,NdFeB powder,and calcium alginate.Unlike previous magnetic alginate robots composed of a single magnetic material,the synergistic combination of NdFeB and nanoflowers enables these robots to exhibit triple magnetic functionalities:magnetic heating,locomotion at low magnetic fields,and tracking,all of which can be controlled using a single all-in-one electromagnetic coil system.The effects of various magnetization fields,as well as different concentrations of NdFeB and nanoflowers on the robots'magnetic properties were analyzed.This led to the development of three types of triple-function robots(spiral,droplet,and hybrid),with experimental results demonstrating biocompatibility,a magnetic heating temperature increase of over 10℃in plasma fluid under a magnetic field of 13 kA·m^(-1)at 200 kHz,locomotion speeds of up to 25 mm·s^(-1)in fields below 2 mT,and an MPI tracking error of 2.8 mm with a selection field of 0.4 mT·mm^(-1).Additionally,the robots'capacity for localized thermal therapy and selectively targeted cell delivery,as well as their locomotion within a medical phantom against a maximum flow of 50 mm·s^(-1)were demonstrated.展开更多
Self-healing(SH)polymer composites are a transformative achievement in polymer material technology that offers significant potential to extend the lifespan and reliability of materials.This work presents a novel appro...Self-healing(SH)polymer composites are a transformative achievement in polymer material technology that offers significant potential to extend the lifespan and reliability of materials.This work presents a novel approach to developing a hybrid natural-synthetic reinforced polymer composite with SH behavior using urea-free,non-toxic,environment-friendly material encapsulating resin,and hardener within a multicavity microcapsule(MC).This MC offers multiple healing because of its multicavity structure.These Xerogel MCs are integrated into hybrid bamboo/recycled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite(25 wt% and 40 wt%)and were evaluated for their flexural strength,healing efficiency,moisture absorption,and thermal behavior.The results demonstrated that the composite containing 40 wt% exhibited the highest initial flexural strength and modulus retention after multiple healing cycles,approaching 80.67% and 61.34% respectively at 1st and 2nd cycles of healing efficiency.The behavior of self-healing hybrid composites(SHHC)in different environmental conditions was also investigated.Thermal Analysis TGA and DTA done on hybrid and other SH composites.Scanning electron microscopy shows the surface morphology of Xerogel MCs before and after damage,composite fractured surface,and how Healing Agent(HA)gets released and acquires surface after fracture.To ensure functional groups and chemical reactions between each component of the composite,FTIR analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of HA inside MC.展开更多
文摘Using the method of IR spectroscopy it was ascertained that in pectinates and alginates of polyvalent metals the coordination bonds between cations Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and the oxygen atoms of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, pyranose cycle and glycosidic linkage of polyuronides, the water molecules are formed. It was also ascertained that Cu2+ cations form asymmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (monodentate ligands) and cations of other metals—symmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (bidentate ligands).
文摘This preliminary research project has been conducted to evaluate different elastic polymer materials in terms of their applicability in peripheral nerve regeneration. Poly(tetrafluoroetylene-co-difluorovinylidene-co-propylene), poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide), and polyurethane were used for the manufacture of tubular implants. Alginate sodium gel and fibers were used as a scaffold to fill in tube nerve grafts and enhance nerve regeneration. The tubes were implanted to reconstruct a 10 mm gap in the sciatic nerve in rats. After 3, 7, 14, 28 days the tubes were retrieved for histological examination. Among tested tubes polyurethane implants were found to be the most suitable because of their mechanical and surgical properties. Other tested implants were found to be unfavorable due to their inappropriate rigidity, elasticity or surgical convenience. Alginate transformation into dense gel form was observed that hindered inner tube space cellular colonization. In consequence of this transformation nerve regeneration was inhibited inside tube nerve grafts. Histological examination showed massive colonization of the implants with Schwann cells, and growth of new axons was found within Schwann cells growing on tubes external surface. Appropriate time rates for alginate gelation and dissolving must be determined to allow undisturbed tissue growth and maturation.
基金supported by Research Fund of SWUST for PhD(Grant No.22zx7175)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024NSFSC1097)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1??to 123.5??.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52163001)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program Project Grant,China(Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2021]005,Qiankehe Platform Talents-GCC[2022]010-1,Qiankehe Fuqi[2023]001,Qiankehe Platform Talents-GCC[2023]035,and Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2023]003)+3 种基金the Guizhou Minzu University Research Platform Grant,China(No.GZMUGCZX[2021]01)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project,China(Qiankehe Zhong Yindi[2023]035)the Green Chemistry and Resource Environment Innovation Team of Guizhou Higher Education Institutions,China(Guizhou Education and Technology[2022]No.13)the Doctor Startup Fund of Guizhou Minzu University,China(No.GZMUZK[2024]QD77).
文摘With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic wave.Complete cross-linking strategy is adopted in this paper.Polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylamide(AM)monomer.The obtained PAM was blended with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prepare PAM/PEG hydrogels and form rigid support structures.Subsequently,the modified carbon nanotubes(S-CNTs)were incorpor-ated into sodium alginate(SA)and PAM/PEG.Finally,Na+was used to trigger SA self-assembly,which significantly improved the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the hydrogels,and prepared PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels with high tough-ness and strong electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency(SE).The results showed that the compressive strength of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogel was 19.05 MPa,which was 7.69%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogel(17.69 MPa).More en-couraging,the average EMI SE of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels at a thickness of only 3 mm and a CNTs content of 16.53wt%was 32.92 dB,which is 113.21%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogels(15.44 dB).
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075034,22178037,and 22478047)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-MS-303)the China Scholarship Council(CSC No 202008210171).
文摘Porous carbons hold broad application prospects in the domains of electrochemical energy storage devices and sensors.In this study,porous carbon derived from sodium alginate-encapsulated ZIF-8(SA/ZIF-8-C)was suc-cessfully prepared by blending ZIF-8 particles with sodium alginate,forming hydrogel beads in the presence of divalent metal ions,and subsequently subjecting them to high-temperature pyrolysis.Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the prepared materials.The introduction of a carbon framework on ZIF-8-derived particles effectively enhanced the conductivity of the prepared materials.The SA/ZIF-8(1.0)-C sample heated at 800℃exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 208 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and outstanding cyclic stability.Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles,its capacitance retention rate remained as high as 87.14%.The symmetric supercapacitor constructed with the composite demonstrated an excellent energy density of 14.58 Wh kg^(-1)at a power capacity of 403.85 W kg^(-1).The implementation of this study provides new ideas and inspiration for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
基金supported by the Natio`nal Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81801241a grant from Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No. 2023NSFSC1578Scientific Research Projects of Southwest Medical University,No. 2022ZD002 (all to JX)。
文摘Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.
基金Supported by Russian Science Foundation,No.23-74-10027.
文摘The mini-review explores the potential use of alginates produced biotechnologically by bacteria for the development of various implantable biomaterials intended for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration in orthopedics:the recent studies on the use of algal alginate-based biomaterials in the form of hydrogels,scaffolds,and microparticles for medical applications are considered as a potential opportunity to use bacterial alginate for these applications,taking into account the advantages of biotechnological production of a polymer with desired properties.The methods of producing different alginate-based biomaterials,the manufacturing of implantable medical devices using them,and the surgical techniques for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration using these materials for orthopedic purposes are discussed.
文摘Hexavalent chromium,when present in high concentrations,causes a serious threat to the ecosystem.This can lead to severe ecological damage and persistent environmental issues,making it a significant concern for long-term sustainability.Thus,there is a strong need for high-performing adsorbents to remove high concentrations of Cr(VI)from the environment.In the present study,Citrus Limetta peels were utilised to produce pristine biochar,which was treated with iron oxides to generate magnetic biochar and modified with chitosan,sodium alginate,and pectin to produce respective modified biochar.Among all five biochars,Chitosan-modified biochar(CMBC)displayed the highest removal efficiency towards Cr(VI)from water with a maximum adsorption capacity of 152.44 mg/g and a removal capacity of 76.22%.Furthermore,adsorption kinetics indicates that the adsorption process is a pseudo-second order-kinetic model with R^(2)and qe of 0.99 and 99 mg/g,respectively.The Langmuir isotherm best describes the adsorption process.After five regenerative cycles,the removal efficiency was maintained at up to 71.80%.This work highlights the remarkable potential of engineered biochar in wastewater treatment.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075309)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(21JP021)。
文摘Hydrogel has developed into a very important platform in solar interface evaporator.However,the current hydrogel evaporators are usually three-dimensional evaporators,which will consume a lot of raw materials.Thus,a new two-dimensional hydrogel evaporator is urgently needed to alleviate this problem.Here,a double layer hydrogel evaporator was designed by twice vacuum filtration.Furthermore,through the arched design and the introduction of concentrated brine drainage system,the hydrogel evaporator has enhanced water transportation and tailored water transportation path.Such a unique drainage evaporation system greatly improves the stability of the evaporator.Thereby,a good balance is established between photothermal conversion and water supply,and solar energy is utilized efficiently.It can remain stable in continuous evaporation for up to 12 h with an excellent evaporation rate of 2.70 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation.Meanwhile,the drainage system realized the 1.8×10^(-10)mol m^(-2)s^(-1)diffusion flux of concentrated brine.Through one-time freeze-drying preparation,an arch-shaped drainage evaporator was used to prepare an evaporation area of more than 20 cm^(2).With the self-made condensate collecting device in outdoor environment,the fresh water yield reaches 7.5 L m^(-2)d^(-1).This provides a new scheme for building a new hydrogel evaporator and solving the fresh water crisis.
基金funding from the Environmental Science Program for Academic Excellence and Community Research for Fiscal Year 2024,a financial resource of the Environmental Science and Technology Program,Faculty of Science,Buriram Rajabhat University.Additionally,Buriram Rajabhat University provided a publication budget.
文摘Polymeric materials,known for their lightweight and strength,are widely used today.However,their non-biodegradable nature poses significant environmental challenges.This research aimed to develop biodegradable films from fruits and vegetables,using alginate as a binding agent.Using a completely randomized design,seven experimental sets were prepared with carrots,Kimju guava,and Namwa banana peel fibers as the primary materials and alginate as the secondary material at three levels:1.2,1.8,and 2.4 by weight.The solution technique was employed to create the samples.Upon testing mechanical and physical properties,experimental set 3,consisting of 60%guava and 1.8%alginate,emerged as the optimal ratio.This combination exhibited favorable physical properties,including a thickness of 0.26±0.02 mm,meeting the standards for food packaging films.Additionally,the tensile strength was 0.50±0.01 N/m²,and the elongation at break was 55.60±0.44%.Regarding chemical properties,the moisture content of 5.64±0.03%fell within the acceptable range for dried food.Furthermore,a 30-day soil burial test revealed that the sample from experimental set 3 exhibited the highest degradation rate.In conclusion,these findings suggest that guava can be a promising raw material for producing biodegradable plastics suitable for packaging applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372235,52073252,22379020,52002052,52302316)Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2023C01231,Q23E020046,LD22E020006,and LY21E020005)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Research Project(No.ZJ2023080)Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2022YFSY0004).
文摘The development of high-performance carbon-based composite hosts plays decisive roles in the electrochemistry of lithium sulfur batteries.Herein,a novel metal-ion induced gelation self-assembly technology is reported to construct sodium alginate carbon(SAC)based polar hierarchical carbon composites with cross-linked network architecture and in-situ co-grown cross-linked polar nanoparticles.Interestingly,it shows high versatility to an extensive array of materials including metals,alloys,and metallic oxides.As a representative,NiCo alloy nanoparticles are chosen to obtain the SAC/NiCo composite host for sulfur in LSBs,which possess superior physical/chemical adsorption capabilities and catalytic conversion kinetics to polysulfide in virtue of synergistic interaction between the hierarchical pore structures and NiCo catalyst.The designed SAC/NiCo-S cathode shows superior electrochemical performance with excellent rate capacity(2 C:693.5 mAh/g)and enhanced cycling stability(764.3 mAh/g at 0.1 C after 240 cycles).This work provides a straightforward approach for fabricating multifunctional carbon composites with adjustable component for advanced energy storage system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22073015)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3704600).
文摘Moist-electric generation,a green and environmentally friendly energy harvesting technology,is undoubt-edly one of the effective methods to alleviate energy shortages and environmental damage.However,the lack of fiber-like moist-electric generators(MEGs)that combine continuous power generation and high electrical output performance has constrained the development of moist-electric in the fields of flexi-ble wearable and self-power supplies.In this work,sodium alginate(SA)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)fibers with axial heterogeneous(axi-he)of oxygen-containing functional groups(Ocfgs)are prepared through a mold forming method in assistance with the coagulation process.The interaction be-tween axi-he MEG and moisture is investigated by analyzing the electrical signal changes of dried MEG under moisture stimulation.The maximum output voltage and current of axi-he MEG can reach 0.35 V and 1.92μA under the stimulation of moisture.Based on the regulation of Ocfgs,axi-he MEG has a con-tinuous high moist-electric performance and environmental adaptability.The maximum output power density(Pmo)of axi-he MEG with a length of only 2 cm can reach 27.37μW cm-2 at RH=90%,which exceeds most of the MEGs reported in literature.Meanwhile,a continuous output voltage of 0.33-0.37 V for more than 15 h can be obtained from this axi-he MEG.Thus,the axi-he MEG from Ocfg distribution design and mold forming method provides a new way of clean energy generation using moisture from the ambient environment,exhibiting enormous potential in energy supply for Internet of Things(IoT)devices.
基金supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173235,22008193,52106110)the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2024SHFZ038)+2 种基金Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(CX2021018)Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(ckrc2021071)Numerical computations were performed on Hefei Advanced Computing Center.
文摘Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Traditional glass fiber(GF)separator with chemical inertness is almost ineffective in restricting these challenges.Herein,inspired by the ionic enrichment behavior of seaweed plants,a facile biomass species,anionic sodium alginate(SA),is purposely decorated on the commercial GF separator to tackle these issues towards Zn anode.Benefiting from the abundant zincophilic functional groups and superior mechanical strength properties,the as-obtained SA@GF separator could act as ion pump to boost the Zn^(2+)transference number(0.68),reduce the de-solvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn^(2+),and eliminate the undesired concentration polarization effect,which are verified by experimental tests,theoretical calculations,and finite element simulation,respectively.Based on these efficient modulation mechanisms,the SA@GF separator can synchronously achieve well-aligned Zn deposition and the suppression of parasitic side-reactions.Therefore,the Zn‖Zn coin cell integrated with SA@GF separator could yield a prolonged calendar lifespan over 1230 h(1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)),exhibiting favorable competitiveness with previously reported separator modification strategies.Impressively,the Zn-MnO_(2)full and pouch cell assembled with the SA@GF separator also delivered superior cycling stability and rate performance,further verifying its practical application effect.This work provides a new design philosophy to stabilize the Zn anode from the aspect of separator.
基金supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation,National Science Research and Innovation Fund and the Fundamental Fund(FF 2023).
文摘Natural rubber(NR)foams are widely used.However,further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application.This study aims to create an NR foam from rubber reinforced with sugarcane bagasse ash(SCBA)and sodium alginate.The results showed that the SCBA was primarily composed of silica or silicon dioxide(87.52%by weight)and carbon(11.41%by weight).This study investigated the influence of the amount of sodium alginate(0-5 phr)used in the NR foam formation.The addition of SCBA on the NR foam affected the density,swelling behavior,and crosslink density of the foam.The results identified an optimal loading level that improved the density and morphology of the foam.The hardness and modulus of the NR foam increased with increasing amounts of SCBA,suggesting insufficient reinforcement.The NR exhibited the highest compressive stress at the SCBA concentration of 5 phr.This study facilitates the development of NR as green material and other support materials.
基金support of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(Project code No.#1401262).
文摘Mimicking the hierarchical structure of the skin is one of the most important strategies in skin tissue engineering.Monolayer wound dressings are usually not able to provide several functions at the same time and cannot meet all clinical needs.In order to maximize therapeutic efficiency,herein,we fabricated a Tri-layer wound dressing,where the middle layer was fabricated via 3D-printing and composed of alginate,tragacanth and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs).Both upper and bottom layers were constructed using electrospinning technique;the upper layer was made of hydrophobic polycaprolactone to mimic epidermis,while the bottom layer consisted of Soluplus■ and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)to promote cell behavior.Swelling,water vapor permeability and tensile properties of the dressings were evaluated and the Tri-layer dressing exhibited impressive antibacterial activity and cell stimulation following by the release of ZnO NPs and IGF-1.Additionally,the Tri-layer dressing led to faster healing of full-thicknesswound in ratmodel compared to monolayer and Bilayer dressings.Overall,the evidence confirmed that the Trilayer wound dressing is extremely effective for full-thickness wound healing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273079)。
文摘Sodium alginate(SA)is generally considered highly hydrophilic due to two hydroxyl groups and a carboxylate group on each pyranose ring.However,SA will form a gel after dissolving in water for a certain period.The two properties of SA,hydrophilicity and gelation,seem to be paradoxical.In this study,to explore the mechanism behind these paradoxical properties,the single-chain behaviors of SA in various liquid environments have been investigated by using single-molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS).In nonpolar solvents such as nonane,SA exhibits its single-chain inherent elasticity consistent with the theoretical elasticity derived from quantum mechanical(QM)calculations.Notably,the experimental curve of SA obtained in water shows a long plateau in the low force region.Further research reveals that this phenomenon is driven by the hydrophobic effect.Additionally,SA shows greater rigidity than its inherent elasticity in the middle and high force regions due to electrostatic repulsion between carboxylate groups on adjacent sugar rings.Comparative single-molecule studies suggest that SA exhibits considerable hydrophobicity,offering new insights into the gelation process in water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52203025,52072193,52361165657,and U22A20131)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021JQ16,ZR2023YQ040,and ZR2022QE266)the Shandong Provincial College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202311065122)。
文摘As a biomass material with biodegradability and biocompatibility, sodium alginate (SA) is a good candidate for constructing hydrogels for tissue-mimicking and biomedical scaffold fabricating through extrusion-based 3D printing technology. However, the mechanical strength and stiffness of alginate hydrogels are still not comparable with biological tissues such as tendons and the printability of SA solutions is often poor. Here, a novel strategy for 3D printing of alginate hydrogels with high mechanical performance is developed by using glycerol as a co-solvent for SA solutions. The addition of glycerol (GL) enables the formation of a homogenous SA/GL solution with a high solid content of 12–20 wt.% and endows crosslinked SA hydrogels with high stretchability. By applying uniaxial stretches, hydrogel filaments prepared with concentrated SA/GL solutions reveal a high tensile strength of 36.6–161.3 MPa, Young's modulus of 59.2–1964.2 MPa, and elongation at break of 8.5 %–106.2 % due to the high orientated and closely packed SA chains. SA/GL solutions become more solid-like with increasing SA concentration, and the solution with a solid content of 16 wt.% exhibits optimal 3D printability because of the appropriate rheological properties and thixotropic behavior. By designing the deforming-and-fixing process, 3D printed high-strength alginate hydrogels with complex structures are prepared, broadening the application of alginate hydrogels in load-bearing and biomedical fields.
基金supported by a Korea University Grantby the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)with Grant Number 2022R1A2C1003381。
文摘Alginate-based magnetic micro/millirobots have demonstrated significant potential for biomedical applications due to their flexible structures and capacity to carry various types of cargo,such as cells,enabling targeted therapy to specific diseased regions within the body.Their active therapy is typically achieved through magnetic actuation and magnetic heating,while monitored by medical imaging methods like CT which pose additional risks due to radiation exposure.In the last decades,a novel imaging method for superparamagnetic materials,known as magnetic particle imaging(MPI),has been under active development,offering not only positional tracking but also the ability to measure concentration and temperature.Here,we report the world's first MPI-traceable magnetic hydrogel robots,which employ a combination of iron oxide nanoflowers,NdFeB powder,and calcium alginate.Unlike previous magnetic alginate robots composed of a single magnetic material,the synergistic combination of NdFeB and nanoflowers enables these robots to exhibit triple magnetic functionalities:magnetic heating,locomotion at low magnetic fields,and tracking,all of which can be controlled using a single all-in-one electromagnetic coil system.The effects of various magnetization fields,as well as different concentrations of NdFeB and nanoflowers on the robots'magnetic properties were analyzed.This led to the development of three types of triple-function robots(spiral,droplet,and hybrid),with experimental results demonstrating biocompatibility,a magnetic heating temperature increase of over 10℃in plasma fluid under a magnetic field of 13 kA·m^(-1)at 200 kHz,locomotion speeds of up to 25 mm·s^(-1)in fields below 2 mT,and an MPI tracking error of 2.8 mm with a selection field of 0.4 mT·mm^(-1).Additionally,the robots'capacity for localized thermal therapy and selectively targeted cell delivery,as well as their locomotion within a medical phantom against a maximum flow of 50 mm·s^(-1)were demonstrated.
文摘Self-healing(SH)polymer composites are a transformative achievement in polymer material technology that offers significant potential to extend the lifespan and reliability of materials.This work presents a novel approach to developing a hybrid natural-synthetic reinforced polymer composite with SH behavior using urea-free,non-toxic,environment-friendly material encapsulating resin,and hardener within a multicavity microcapsule(MC).This MC offers multiple healing because of its multicavity structure.These Xerogel MCs are integrated into hybrid bamboo/recycled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite(25 wt% and 40 wt%)and were evaluated for their flexural strength,healing efficiency,moisture absorption,and thermal behavior.The results demonstrated that the composite containing 40 wt% exhibited the highest initial flexural strength and modulus retention after multiple healing cycles,approaching 80.67% and 61.34% respectively at 1st and 2nd cycles of healing efficiency.The behavior of self-healing hybrid composites(SHHC)in different environmental conditions was also investigated.Thermal Analysis TGA and DTA done on hybrid and other SH composites.Scanning electron microscopy shows the surface morphology of Xerogel MCs before and after damage,composite fractured surface,and how Healing Agent(HA)gets released and acquires surface after fracture.To ensure functional groups and chemical reactions between each component of the composite,FTIR analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of HA inside MC.
