This paper examines several aspects of the attempt at rehabilitating Aleppo and the data available about the city prior to the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011.It discusses documentation,rehabilitation and conserv...This paper examines several aspects of the attempt at rehabilitating Aleppo and the data available about the city prior to the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011.It discusses documentation,rehabilitation and conservation practices in Aleppo,focusing on the operations between 1994 and 2011 that were coordinated by several institutions managed primarily by the Directorate of the Old City of Aleppo(DOCA)and the Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit(GTZ).The analysis considers not only the old city,which is inscribed on the World Heritage List,but also other historic and culturally significant areas in Aleppo.This research primarily uses notes from other scholarly resources,statements by various relevant experts,and the reports and documents produced by the DOCA,the GTZ,and UNESCO to argue that some of the practices during that period were in part responsible for overlooking important aspects and places of the city's built heritage.The paper then explains the ramification of these approaches,which are still perceptible today,on the prospects for any future efforts to safeguard the city's built heritage.展开更多
Basic wood density is an excellent indicator of quality,it is correlated with numerous physical,physiological and mechanical characteristics of a species and is a good descriptor of wood quality and important indicato...Basic wood density is an excellent indicator of quality,it is correlated with numerous physical,physiological and mechanical characteristics of a species and is a good descriptor of wood quality and important indicator of tree performance in community ecology.An accurate method is thus needed to estimate wood density.The standard way is to calculate the ratio of the oven-dried mass of a wood sample divided by its green volume,but wood characteristics within and between growth rings are highly variable;the density can vary in the longitudinal and the radial directions.The present study investigates the longitudinal and radial fl uctuations in the basic density of Abies cephalonica Loud and Pinus halepensis Mill.Four logs were cut from four diff erent trees for each species and 16 discs were formed(two discs from each log,one at the base and one at the top).Each disc was cut into cubes where their distance from the pith was measured and then sorted into 2 cm wide concentric zones.The results revealed a mild decreasing trend in basic density from the foot of the trunk upward for both species.The pith in both species also seems to have a relatively high density,which in the immediate next growth rings decreases only to resume increasing toward the bark.展开更多
Metapontum Forest Reserve is an artificial formation located between mouths of Bradano and Basento river, it is composed prevalently of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). In recent years, the Metapontum coast is characte...Metapontum Forest Reserve is an artificial formation located between mouths of Bradano and Basento river, it is composed prevalently of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). In recent years, the Metapontum coast is characterized by a strong erosive process which has really removed the dune behind the beach moving in the inland and causing the decline of the historical pinewood. This negative effect on plant was induced by an increase in soil salinity, which is one of the major abiotic stresses. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plants response to salt stress is fundamentally important for plant biology. The salinity soil causes broad variety of physiological and biochemical processes, as oxidative damage, also has a negative effect on energy metabolism, which unavoidably resulted in a decreased ATP production through photophosphorylation and, thus, affected the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. A proteomic approach was utilized to identify key protein which result to be directly responsive to salt stress. Total proteins were extracted from the leaves by a combination of TCA—acetone and phenol, and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at pH 5 - 8. Spots were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and analyzed with the software PDQuest 8.0 (Bio-Rad) to identify differentially expressed polypeptides. Preliminary analysis revealed around 29 differentially expressed proteins, and they were sequenced by MALDI TOF and LC-MS/MS. Sequenced spots were classified in different functional classes.展开更多
The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents.This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environm...The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents.This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environment and combat water pollution.The objective of this work is to elaborate a biomaterial of vegetable origin,based on the twigs of Aleppo pine,and to use it as an abundant and less expensive material for the treatment of wastewater.For this reason,the twigs were treated physically to get the powder called biomaterial FPA(Aleppo pine fiber),which was characterized by physicochemical,and spectroscopic analyses namely scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The crystallinity index of FPA was evaluated by the peak height method.The findings indicate that the FPA powder has an acidic nature,exhibiting a porous structure that promotes the adsorption and binding of molecules.Additionally,it has a zero charge point of 5.8 and a specific surface area of 384 m2.g−1.It is primarily composed of hydroxyl,carboxyl,and amine functional groups,along with mineral compounds and organic compounds,including cellulose and other mineral elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Na,P,Al,K,Ni,and Mo.Combining these characteristics,FPA biomaterial has considerable potential for use as an effective adsorbent biomaterial for various wastewater pollutants.Its abundance and relatively low cost make it an attractive solution to the growing challenges of water pollution worldwide.展开更多
文摘This paper examines several aspects of the attempt at rehabilitating Aleppo and the data available about the city prior to the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011.It discusses documentation,rehabilitation and conservation practices in Aleppo,focusing on the operations between 1994 and 2011 that were coordinated by several institutions managed primarily by the Directorate of the Old City of Aleppo(DOCA)and the Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit(GTZ).The analysis considers not only the old city,which is inscribed on the World Heritage List,but also other historic and culturally significant areas in Aleppo.This research primarily uses notes from other scholarly resources,statements by various relevant experts,and the reports and documents produced by the DOCA,the GTZ,and UNESCO to argue that some of the practices during that period were in part responsible for overlooking important aspects and places of the city's built heritage.The paper then explains the ramification of these approaches,which are still perceptible today,on the prospects for any future efforts to safeguard the city's built heritage.
文摘Basic wood density is an excellent indicator of quality,it is correlated with numerous physical,physiological and mechanical characteristics of a species and is a good descriptor of wood quality and important indicator of tree performance in community ecology.An accurate method is thus needed to estimate wood density.The standard way is to calculate the ratio of the oven-dried mass of a wood sample divided by its green volume,but wood characteristics within and between growth rings are highly variable;the density can vary in the longitudinal and the radial directions.The present study investigates the longitudinal and radial fl uctuations in the basic density of Abies cephalonica Loud and Pinus halepensis Mill.Four logs were cut from four diff erent trees for each species and 16 discs were formed(two discs from each log,one at the base and one at the top).Each disc was cut into cubes where their distance from the pith was measured and then sorted into 2 cm wide concentric zones.The results revealed a mild decreasing trend in basic density from the foot of the trunk upward for both species.The pith in both species also seems to have a relatively high density,which in the immediate next growth rings decreases only to resume increasing toward the bark.
文摘Metapontum Forest Reserve is an artificial formation located between mouths of Bradano and Basento river, it is composed prevalently of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). In recent years, the Metapontum coast is characterized by a strong erosive process which has really removed the dune behind the beach moving in the inland and causing the decline of the historical pinewood. This negative effect on plant was induced by an increase in soil salinity, which is one of the major abiotic stresses. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plants response to salt stress is fundamentally important for plant biology. The salinity soil causes broad variety of physiological and biochemical processes, as oxidative damage, also has a negative effect on energy metabolism, which unavoidably resulted in a decreased ATP production through photophosphorylation and, thus, affected the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. A proteomic approach was utilized to identify key protein which result to be directly responsive to salt stress. Total proteins were extracted from the leaves by a combination of TCA—acetone and phenol, and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at pH 5 - 8. Spots were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and analyzed with the software PDQuest 8.0 (Bio-Rad) to identify differentially expressed polypeptides. Preliminary analysis revealed around 29 differentially expressed proteins, and they were sequenced by MALDI TOF and LC-MS/MS. Sequenced spots were classified in different functional classes.
基金financially supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2024R437),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents.This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environment and combat water pollution.The objective of this work is to elaborate a biomaterial of vegetable origin,based on the twigs of Aleppo pine,and to use it as an abundant and less expensive material for the treatment of wastewater.For this reason,the twigs were treated physically to get the powder called biomaterial FPA(Aleppo pine fiber),which was characterized by physicochemical,and spectroscopic analyses namely scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The crystallinity index of FPA was evaluated by the peak height method.The findings indicate that the FPA powder has an acidic nature,exhibiting a porous structure that promotes the adsorption and binding of molecules.Additionally,it has a zero charge point of 5.8 and a specific surface area of 384 m2.g−1.It is primarily composed of hydroxyl,carboxyl,and amine functional groups,along with mineral compounds and organic compounds,including cellulose and other mineral elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Na,P,Al,K,Ni,and Mo.Combining these characteristics,FPA biomaterial has considerable potential for use as an effective adsorbent biomaterial for various wastewater pollutants.Its abundance and relatively low cost make it an attractive solution to the growing challenges of water pollution worldwide.
