The anodic behavior of neodymium in acidic AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride （AIC13-EMIC） ionic liquid was investigated by conducting linear sweep voltammeter and chonopotentiometry. The viscosity of Nd di...The anodic behavior of neodymium in acidic AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride （AIC13-EMIC） ionic liquid was investigated by conducting linear sweep voltammeter and chonopotentiometry. The viscosity of Nd dissolved ionic liquid and the surface morphologies of Nd were characterized using an Ostwald viscometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. The chemical composition of Nd surface was indentified by Raman spectra. The results showed that dissolution of Nd under anodic polarization occurred after the breakdown of oxide films. A viscous layer formed at the interface of Nd/ionic liquid during the galvanostatic process of 5 and 20 mA/cm^2. The formation of viscous layer was attributed to the accumulation of Nd dissolved AlCl3-EMIC ionic liquid, which had high viscosity. The oxide films could be removed thoroughly and the surface of Nd was homogeneous without etching pits, when viscous layer formed in the anodic process. Otherwise, the surface showed a pitting morphology.展开更多
The Hartree-Fock method has been employed to investigate the electronic structures of EMIM＋（1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium＋）, AlCl4^-, and EMIM＋-AlCl4^-. Full optimization and frequency analyses of EMIM＋, AlCl4^-,...The Hartree-Fock method has been employed to investigate the electronic structures of EMIM＋（1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium＋）, AlCl4^-, and EMIM＋-AlCl4^-. Full optimization and frequency analyses of EMIM＋, AlCl4^-, ten initial EMIM＋-AlCl4^- geometries have been carried out using the Gaussian-94 soft-package at 6- 31＋G（d,p） basis set level for hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, chlorine, and aluminum atoms. The electronic structures of the lowest energy of EMIM＋-AlCl4^-pairs, single EMIM^＋, and AlCl4^- have been comparatively studied. The calculated results showed that the optimized EMIM^＋-AlCl4^-pair conformer of lowest energy was AlCl4^-outside the five-ring plane between methyl group and ethyl group with a H6--C122 distance of 2.7 A. The frequency analyses suggested that all stationary points were minimum points because of no imaginary frequency appearing, and the assigned frequencies were in agreement with experimental report. The interaction energy between EMIM^＋ and AlCl4^-was 776.2 kJ/mol.展开更多
Lewis acidic ionic liquids were used to catalyze the reaction of epoxypropane with POCl3. Considering the lower cost and catalytic activities, we concluded that [Et3NH]Cl/AlCl3 was the most attractive ionic liquid fro...Lewis acidic ionic liquids were used to catalyze the reaction of epoxypropane with POCl3. Considering the lower cost and catalytic activities, we concluded that [Et3NH]Cl/AlCl3 was the most attractive ionic liquid from an economical point of view. But it would be easily inactivated because of sensitive to water and air. Moreover, it could not be reused easily because of difficulty recovery in the reaction. However, supporting [Et3NH]Cl/AlCl3 catalyst could resolve above problems. Supporting [Et3NH]Cl/ AlCl3 catalyst could be separated by filter easily and reused 5 times in 98% yield. Furthermore, the catalyst was applicable to other epoxy ether cleaving reactions.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51271166)
文摘The anodic behavior of neodymium in acidic AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride （AIC13-EMIC） ionic liquid was investigated by conducting linear sweep voltammeter and chonopotentiometry. The viscosity of Nd dissolved ionic liquid and the surface morphologies of Nd were characterized using an Ostwald viscometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. The chemical composition of Nd surface was indentified by Raman spectra. The results showed that dissolution of Nd under anodic polarization occurred after the breakdown of oxide films. A viscous layer formed at the interface of Nd/ionic liquid during the galvanostatic process of 5 and 20 mA/cm^2. The formation of viscous layer was attributed to the accumulation of Nd dissolved AlCl3-EMIC ionic liquid, which had high viscosity. The oxide films could be removed thoroughly and the surface of Nd was homogeneous without etching pits, when viscous layer formed in the anodic process. Otherwise, the surface showed a pitting morphology.
文摘The Hartree-Fock method has been employed to investigate the electronic structures of EMIM＋（1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium＋）, AlCl4^-, and EMIM＋-AlCl4^-. Full optimization and frequency analyses of EMIM＋, AlCl4^-, ten initial EMIM＋-AlCl4^- geometries have been carried out using the Gaussian-94 soft-package at 6- 31＋G（d,p） basis set level for hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, chlorine, and aluminum atoms. The electronic structures of the lowest energy of EMIM＋-AlCl4^-pairs, single EMIM^＋, and AlCl4^- have been comparatively studied. The calculated results showed that the optimized EMIM^＋-AlCl4^-pair conformer of lowest energy was AlCl4^-outside the five-ring plane between methyl group and ethyl group with a H6--C122 distance of 2.7 A. The frequency analyses suggested that all stationary points were minimum points because of no imaginary frequency appearing, and the assigned frequencies were in agreement with experimental report. The interaction energy between EMIM^＋ and AlCl4^-was 776.2 kJ/mol.
基金A Project Funded by Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation of China(No.BK2011369)
文摘Lewis acidic ionic liquids were used to catalyze the reaction of epoxypropane with POCl3. Considering the lower cost and catalytic activities, we concluded that [Et3NH]Cl/AlCl3 was the most attractive ionic liquid from an economical point of view. But it would be easily inactivated because of sensitive to water and air. Moreover, it could not be reused easily because of difficulty recovery in the reaction. However, supporting [Et3NH]Cl/AlCl3 catalyst could resolve above problems. Supporting [Et3NH]Cl/ AlCl3 catalyst could be separated by filter easily and reused 5 times in 98% yield. Furthermore, the catalyst was applicable to other epoxy ether cleaving reactions.
