UPR/Al2O3 composite particles were synthesized from unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) and nanometer/ultra-fine Al2O3 powders by means of suspension polymerization.The effects of Al2O3 with two different particle diamet...UPR/Al2O3 composite particles were synthesized from unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) and nanometer/ultra-fine Al2O3 powders by means of suspension polymerization.The effects of Al2O3 with two different particle diameters on the density and hardness of the composite particles during the synthesis were studied.The results show UPR/Al2O3 composite particles synthesized by suspension polymerization are spherical,smooth,with a yield of 60%～75%(wt),and the particle diameters are 140～250μm;Al2O3 can effectively improves the density and hardness of the composite particles;when the contet is the same,effect of ultra-fine Al2O3 on the density and hardness of the composite particles is better than that of nanometer Al2O3;When the mass fraction of Al2O3 is 55%,the maximum hardness of ultra-fine Al2O3 composite particles and nanometer Al2O3 composite particles are 39.42HV and 25.66HV respectively.展开更多
Nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles were simultaneously utilized in a 6061 Al matrix composite to improve the high-temperature strength.According to the SEM and TEM characterization,nano-AlN and submicron-Al_...Nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles were simultaneously utilized in a 6061 Al matrix composite to improve the high-temperature strength.According to the SEM and TEM characterization,nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles are uniformly distributed in the Al matrix.Brinell hardness results indicate that different from the traditional 6061 Al matrix alloy,the aging kinetics of the composite is obviously accelerated by the reinforcement particles.The T6-treated composite exhibits excellent tensile properties at both room temperature and elevated temperature.Especially at 350℃,the T6-treated composite not only has a high yield strength of 121 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 128 MPa,but also exhibits a large elongation of 11.6%.Different strengthening mechanisms of nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles were also discussed in detail.展开更多
The Mo alloys reinforced by Al2O3 particles were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and powder metallurgy. The microstructures of Mo-Al2O3 alloys were studied by using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that Al2O3 p...The Mo alloys reinforced by Al2O3 particles were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and powder metallurgy. The microstructures of Mo-Al2O3 alloys were studied by using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that Al2O3 particles, existing as a stable hexagonal phase(α-Al2O3), are uniformly dispersed in Mo matrix. The ultrafine α-Al2O3 particles remarkably refine grain size and increase dislocation density of Mo alloys. Moreover, a good interfacial bonding zone between α-Al2O3 and Mo grain is obtained. The crystallographic orientations of the interface of the Al2O3 particles and Mo matrix are [111]a-Al2O3//[111]Mo and(112)a-Al2O3//(0 11)Mo. Due to the effect of secondary phase and dislocation strengthening, the yield strength of Mo-2.0 vol.%Al2O3 alloy annealed at 1200 ℃ is approximately 56.0% higher than that of pure Mo. The results confirm that the addition of Al2O3 particles is a promising method to improve the mechanical properties of Mo alloys.展开更多
The effect of hot-forging process was investigated on microstructural and mechanical properties of AZ31 B alloy and AZ31 B/1.5 vol.%Al2 O3 nanocomposite under static and cycling loading. The as-cast alloy and composit...The effect of hot-forging process was investigated on microstructural and mechanical properties of AZ31 B alloy and AZ31 B/1.5 vol.%Al2 O3 nanocomposite under static and cycling loading. The as-cast alloy and composite were firstly subjected to a homogenization heat treatment at 450 ℃ and then an open-die forging at 450 ℃. The results indicated that the presence of reinforcing particles led to grain refinement and improvement of dynamic recrystallization. The forging process was more effective to eliminate the porosity in the cast alloy workpiece. Microhardness of the forged composite was increased by up to 80% and 16%, in comparison with those of the cast and forged alloy samples, respectively. Ultimate tensile strength and maximum tensile strain of the composite were improved by up to 45% and 23%, compared with those of the forged alloy in similar regions. These enhancements were respectively 50% and 37% in the compression test. The composite exhibited a fatigue life improvement in the region with low applied strain;however, a degradation was observed in the high applied strain region. Unlike AZ31 B samples, tensile, compressive and high cycle fatigue behaviors of the composite showed less sensitivity to the applied strain, which can be attributed to the amount of porosity in the samples before and after the hot-forging.展开更多
Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by in situ Al2O3 and Al3Zr particles are fabricated from A356-Zr(CO3)2 system via magnetochemistry reaction,and the morphologies,sizes and distributions of the in situ particles a...Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by in situ Al2O3 and Al3Zr particles are fabricated from A356-Zr(CO3)2 system via magnetochemistry reaction,and the morphologies,sizes and distributions of the in situ particles as well as the microstructures,mechanical mechanisms of the composites are investigated by XRD,SEM,TEM and in situ tensile tests.The results indicate that with the pulsed magnetic field assistance,the morphologies of the in situ particles are mainly with ball-shape,the sizes are in nanometer scale and the distributions in the matrix are uniform.The interfaces between the in situ particles and the aluminum matrix are net and no interfacial outgrowth is observed.These are due to the strong vibration induced by the applied magnetic field in the aluminum melt,which in turn,accelerates the melt reactions.The effects of the magnetic field on the above contributions are discussed in detail.展开更多
The microstructural characteristic of 1070AI matrix composites reinforced by 0.15 祄 AI2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM. The results showed that the interface between the ma...The microstructural characteristic of 1070AI matrix composites reinforced by 0.15 祄 AI2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM. The results showed that the interface between the matrix and reinforcements was clean and bonded well, without any interfacial reaction products. There were some preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Al matrix and AI2O3 particle because of the lattice imperfection on the surface of Al2O3 particles.展开更多
In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） ...In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） wt pct by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）.For the fabrication of Al-Cu alloy dispersed Y-2O-3 ceramic particles,stir casting method was employed.In case of Al-20 wt pct Cu alloy （hypoeutectic）,SEM images revealed that primary Al was grown up in the beginning.After that,eutectic phase with well dispersed ceramic particles was formed.In case of eutectic composition,Y-2O-3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix.When the Cu is added into Al up to 40 wt pct （hypereutectic）,primary phase was grown up without any Y-2O-3 ceramic particles in the early stage of solidification.Thereafter, eutectic phase was formed with well dispersed ceramic particles.It can be concluded that Y-2O-3 ceramic particles is mostly dispersed in case of eutectic composition in Al-Cu alloy.展开更多
Using a liquid-solid phase inversion method, a hybrid matrix poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） membrane was prepared with alumina（Al2O3） nanoparticle addition. Pd/Fe nanoparticles（NPs） were successfully immobili...Using a liquid-solid phase inversion method, a hybrid matrix poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） membrane was prepared with alumina（Al2O3） nanoparticle addition. Pd/Fe nanoparticles（NPs） were successfully immobilized on the Al2O3/PVDF membrane, which was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy（SEM） and Transmission Electron Microscopy（TEM）. The micrographs showed that the Pd/Fe NPs were dispersed homogeneously. Several important experimental parameters were optimized, including the mechanical properties, contact angle and surface area of Al2O3/PVDF composite membranes with different Al2O3 contents. At the same time, the ferrous ion concentration and the effect of hydrophilization were studied. The results showed that the modified Al2O3/PVDF membrane functioned well as a support. The Al2O3/PVDF membrane with immobilized Pd/Fe NPs exhibited high efficiency in terms of dichloroacetic acid（DCAA） dechlorination. Additionally, a reaction pathway for DCAA dechlorination by Pd/Fe NPs immobilized on the Al2O3/PVDF membrane system was proposed.展开更多
Al2O3-ZrO2 with a high level of hardness and toughness is known as ceramic steel. Due to its unique properties it can be used as a reinforcement in fabrication of metal matrix composites. In this study, nanoparticles ...Al2O3-ZrO2 with a high level of hardness and toughness is known as ceramic steel. Due to its unique properties it can be used as a reinforcement in fabrication of metal matrix composites. In this study, nanoparticles of Al2O3-10% ZrO2 with an average size of 80 nm were used to fabricate Al matrix composites containing 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt.% of the reinforcement. The fabrication route was stir casting at 850?C. There is no report about usage of this reinforcement in fabrication of composites in the literature. The microstructures of the as-cast composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Density measurement, hardness and tensile properties were carried out to identify the mechanical properties of the composites. The results revealed that with increasing the reinforcement content, density decreased while yield, ultimate tensile strength and compressive strength increased. Also, hardness increased by increasing the reinforcement content up to 1 wt.% Al2O3-10% ZrO2 but it decreased in the samples containing higher amounts of reinforcement.展开更多
Al2O3p-Al composites were synthesized using an in-situ reaction in the 80%Al-20%CuO （mass fraction） system. The effects of the CuO particle size on the synthesis temperature and microstructure of the composites were...Al2O3p-Al composites were synthesized using an in-situ reaction in the 80%Al-20%CuO （mass fraction） system. The effects of the CuO particle size on the synthesis temperature and microstructure of the composites were investigated by various methods. The results indicate that the CuO particle size has a significant effect on the temperature at which the complete reaction in the Al-CuO system occurs：the temperature is 200 ℃ lower in the Al-CuO system containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm than that containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm. The interfacial bonding between Al2O3 particles and Al is not complete when the temperature is below a critical value. The morphology of the Al2O3 particles varies from ribbon-like shape to near spherical shape when the temperature is above a critical value. These two critical temperatures are affected by the particle size of CuO, and the critical temperature of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm is 100 ℃ lower than that of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm.展开更多
A method of heating ethanol-aqueous salt solution combined with co-precipitation was used to synthesize Al2O3/ZrO2 nanoparticles. The analysis of DSC and XRD revealed that the transformation temperature from amorphous...A method of heating ethanol-aqueous salt solution combined with co-precipitation was used to synthesize Al2O3/ZrO2 nanoparticles. The analysis of DSC and XRD revealed that the transformation temperature from amorphous to crystal phase was about 850 ℃. The grain size was increased with the raising of calcine temperature. The alcohol-water ratio did not affect the formation of main crystal phases, but affected the agglomeration of nanoparticles based on the results of TEM. When alcohol-water ratio was 5∶1, the dispersion of nanoparticles was good. When there was not alcohol, the dispersion of nanoparticles was poor because there was only pure co-precipitation reaction and the speed of co-precipitation reaction was too high to have enough time of PEG. dispersing particles.展开更多
Spherical, monodispersed europium hydroxycarbonate particles wereobtained by homogeneous precipitation with urea in aqueous solution of Eu.(NO3)3at elevated temperature.The particles were readily converted to the unif...Spherical, monodispersed europium hydroxycarbonate particles wereobtained by homogeneous precipitation with urea in aqueous solution of Eu.(NO3)3at elevated temperature.The particles were readily converted to the uniformEu2O3 with average particle size of 50nm after calcined at 750℃.展开更多
Attempts had been made to synthesize Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane（TEOS） and aluminum nitrate（ANN） as the starting materials.DTS,TEM,SEM and BET were employed to study the effect...Attempts had been made to synthesize Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane（TEOS） and aluminum nitrate（ANN） as the starting materials.DTS,TEM,SEM and BET were employed to study the effects of process parameters on the size,specific surface area and structure（morphology） of powders.The alkali-activation reactivity of the powders was tested for manufacturing geopolymers and their hydrothermal reactions were performed for fabricating zeolites.The results show that the optimum process parameters and drying method for preparing Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders are as follows：the molar ratio of water and ethanol to TEOS are 0：1 and 12：1 respectively at synthetic temperature of 50 ℃ and the drying method is azeotropic distillation with microwave drying.The average particle diameters of the powders were about 70 nm and the largest BET specific surface area was up to 669 m^2·g^-1.The compressive strength of the geopolymer and the calcium exchange capacity（by CaCO3） of NaA zeolite prepared with the powders reached to 29 MPa and 366 m^2·g^-1 respectively.展开更多
Bismuth vanadate(BiVO_4) is a promising semiconductor material for solar energy conversion via photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting,whereas its performance is limited by surface recombination due to trapping stat...Bismuth vanadate(BiVO_4) is a promising semiconductor material for solar energy conversion via photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting,whereas its performance is limited by surface recombination due to trapping states.Herein,we developed a new method to passivate the trapping states on BiVO_4 surface using ultrathin aluminum oxide(Al_2O_3) overlayer by atomic layer deposition.The coated ultrathin Al_2O_3 film on BiVO_4 significantly enhanced photocurrent densities of the BiVO_4 anodes under standard illumination of AM1.5 G(100 mW/cm2).The electrochemical impedances and photoluminescence spectra were studied to confirm that the improved PEC water splitting performance of BiVO_4 was due to the decreased surface recombination state on BiVO_4,which effectively enhanced the charge separation.展开更多
Recently, Hsieh and Horng [1] published the paper entitled as above. In section 3 results and discussion, the authors mentioned the first and the second order kinetic models without any quotations. In fact these two k...Recently, Hsieh and Horng [1] published the paper entitled as above. In section 3 results and discussion, the authors mentioned the first and the second order kinetic models without any quotations. In fact these two kinetic models have been published [2-5]. In order to distinguish a kinetics model based on the ad- sorption capacity of a solid from the one based on the concentration of a solution, Lagergren＇s first-order rate equation has been called pseudo-first-order [6-7]. The Lagergren＇s equation has been widely cited, but there are far more mistakes made in the quotation and in the reference section of papers, including the title, the author＇s name, journal title, year of publishing, volume, and page number [3]. In addition, the second order kinetic expression for the adsorption systems of divalent metal ions using sphagnum moss peat has been reported by Ho [8].展开更多
In this study, three-dimensional bismutite Bi2O2CO3 nanoparticels (BSC NPs) have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal treatment under mild conditions. The reaction temperatures and NaOH concentration have a ...In this study, three-dimensional bismutite Bi2O2CO3 nanoparticels (BSC NPs) have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal treatment under mild conditions. The reaction temperatures and NaOH concentration have a vital influence on the physical and photocatalytic properties of the obtained BSC NPs. The crystal structure, morphology, chemical composition, specific surface area and photoresponse of as-obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microsprctrosopy, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and UV-Vis spectra, respectively. Furthermore, Rhodamine 6G was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of BSC NPs. As a result, there was no obvious effect of hydrothermal reaction temperature and NaOH concentration on phase structure and UV-visible light response;while the morphology, BET surface area and photoactivity were affected by hydrothermal reaction temperature and NaOH concentration.展开更多
The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as ...The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.展开更多
Ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ91 D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in aluminate electrolytes, with Al2O3 nano-additive suspending at different concentrations. Effects of nano-additive concentration on th...Ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ91 D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in aluminate electrolytes, with Al2O3 nano-additive suspending at different concentrations. Effects of nano-additive concentration on the structure, phase composition, hardness and anti-corrosion property of the MAO coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness test and electrochemical method, respectively. The results revealed that Al2O3 nano-particles were mostly incorporated into ceramic coating chemically, transferred into MgAl2O4, rather than being trapped mechanically during MAO process. With the increase of Al2O3 concentration, the voltage-time response, content of MgAl2O4, hardness and anti-corrosion property increased. However, when the concentration varied from 10 g/L to 15 g/L, these behaviors and properties changed only a little. This result indicated that, after the concentration of Al2O3 nano-additive reaching 10 g/L, the incorporation of Al2O3 nano-particles turned into a saturation state, due to the complex process during MAO treatment. Therefore, 10 g/L might be a proper concentration for MAO coating to incorporate Al2O3 nano-particles,展开更多
文摘UPR/Al2O3 composite particles were synthesized from unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) and nanometer/ultra-fine Al2O3 powders by means of suspension polymerization.The effects of Al2O3 with two different particle diameters on the density and hardness of the composite particles during the synthesis were studied.The results show UPR/Al2O3 composite particles synthesized by suspension polymerization are spherical,smooth,with a yield of 60%～75%(wt),and the particle diameters are 140～250μm;Al2O3 can effectively improves the density and hardness of the composite particles;when the contet is the same,effect of ultra-fine Al2O3 on the density and hardness of the composite particles is better than that of nanometer Al2O3;When the mass fraction of Al2O3 is 55%,the maximum hardness of ultra-fine Al2O3 composite particles and nanometer Al2O3 composite particles are 39.42HV and 25.66HV respectively.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51731007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071179)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30920021160).
文摘Nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles were simultaneously utilized in a 6061 Al matrix composite to improve the high-temperature strength.According to the SEM and TEM characterization,nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles are uniformly distributed in the Al matrix.Brinell hardness results indicate that different from the traditional 6061 Al matrix alloy,the aging kinetics of the composite is obviously accelerated by the reinforcement particles.The T6-treated composite exhibits excellent tensile properties at both room temperature and elevated temperature.Especially at 350℃,the T6-treated composite not only has a high yield strength of 121 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 128 MPa,but also exhibits a large elongation of 11.6%.Different strengthening mechanisms of nano-AlN and submicron-Al_(2)O_(3) particles were also discussed in detail.
基金Projects(U1704152,U1804124)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(174100510012)supported by Plan for Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan Province,China。
文摘The Mo alloys reinforced by Al2O3 particles were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and powder metallurgy. The microstructures of Mo-Al2O3 alloys were studied by using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that Al2O3 particles, existing as a stable hexagonal phase(α-Al2O3), are uniformly dispersed in Mo matrix. The ultrafine α-Al2O3 particles remarkably refine grain size and increase dislocation density of Mo alloys. Moreover, a good interfacial bonding zone between α-Al2O3 and Mo grain is obtained. The crystallographic orientations of the interface of the Al2O3 particles and Mo matrix are [111]a-Al2O3//[111]Mo and(112)a-Al2O3//(0 11)Mo. Due to the effect of secondary phase and dislocation strengthening, the yield strength of Mo-2.0 vol.%Al2O3 alloy annealed at 1200 ℃ is approximately 56.0% higher than that of pure Mo. The results confirm that the addition of Al2O3 particles is a promising method to improve the mechanical properties of Mo alloys.
文摘The effect of hot-forging process was investigated on microstructural and mechanical properties of AZ31 B alloy and AZ31 B/1.5 vol.%Al2 O3 nanocomposite under static and cycling loading. The as-cast alloy and composite were firstly subjected to a homogenization heat treatment at 450 ℃ and then an open-die forging at 450 ℃. The results indicated that the presence of reinforcing particles led to grain refinement and improvement of dynamic recrystallization. The forging process was more effective to eliminate the porosity in the cast alloy workpiece. Microhardness of the forged composite was increased by up to 80% and 16%, in comparison with those of the cast and forged alloy samples, respectively. Ultimate tensile strength and maximum tensile strain of the composite were improved by up to 45% and 23%, compared with those of the forged alloy in similar regions. These enhancements were respectively 50% and 37% in the compression test. The composite exhibited a fatigue life improvement in the region with low applied strain;however, a degradation was observed in the high applied strain region. Unlike AZ31 B samples, tensile, compressive and high cycle fatigue behaviors of the composite showed less sensitivity to the applied strain, which can be attributed to the amount of porosity in the samples before and after the hot-forging.
基金Project(2007AA03Z548) supported by High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(50971066) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1283000349) supported by the Jiangsu University Research Fund for Advanced Scholars,China
文摘Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by in situ Al2O3 and Al3Zr particles are fabricated from A356-Zr(CO3)2 system via magnetochemistry reaction,and the morphologies,sizes and distributions of the in situ particles as well as the microstructures,mechanical mechanisms of the composites are investigated by XRD,SEM,TEM and in situ tensile tests.The results indicate that with the pulsed magnetic field assistance,the morphologies of the in situ particles are mainly with ball-shape,the sizes are in nanometer scale and the distributions in the matrix are uniform.The interfaces between the in situ particles and the aluminum matrix are net and no interfacial outgrowth is observed.These are due to the strong vibration induced by the applied magnetic field in the aluminum melt,which in turn,accelerates the melt reactions.The effects of the magnetic field on the above contributions are discussed in detail.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (under Grant No.59771014 and No.50071019). The help of the National Advanced Material Open Research Lab of Tsinghua University is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The microstructural characteristic of 1070AI matrix composites reinforced by 0.15 祄 AI2O3 particles whose volume fraction was 40% was investigated by TEM and HREM. The results showed that the interface between the matrix and reinforcements was clean and bonded well, without any interfacial reaction products. There were some preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Al matrix and AI2O3 particle because of the lattice imperfection on the surface of Al2O3 particles.
基金Acknowledgement This work was supported financially by Ministry of Commerce, Industry ＆： Energy （MOCIE） through National Mid- and Long-term Atomic Energy R＆D Program.
文摘In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） wt pct by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）.For the fabrication of Al-Cu alloy dispersed Y-2O-3 ceramic particles,stir casting method was employed.In case of Al-20 wt pct Cu alloy （hypoeutectic）,SEM images revealed that primary Al was grown up in the beginning.After that,eutectic phase with well dispersed ceramic particles was formed.In case of eutectic composition,Y-2O-3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix.When the Cu is added into Al up to 40 wt pct （hypereutectic）,primary phase was grown up without any Y-2O-3 ceramic particles in the early stage of solidification.Thereafter, eutectic phase was formed with well dispersed ceramic particles.It can be concluded that Y-2O-3 ceramic particles is mostly dispersed in case of eutectic composition in Al-Cu alloy.
基金supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. B201410)the Postdoctoral Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province (No. LBH-Z13128)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Research Program of Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (No. 12531206)the Special Scientific Research Projects of Harbin Normal University (12XQXG02)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41030743)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 42171217)
文摘Using a liquid-solid phase inversion method, a hybrid matrix poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） membrane was prepared with alumina（Al2O3） nanoparticle addition. Pd/Fe nanoparticles（NPs） were successfully immobilized on the Al2O3/PVDF membrane, which was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy（SEM） and Transmission Electron Microscopy（TEM）. The micrographs showed that the Pd/Fe NPs were dispersed homogeneously. Several important experimental parameters were optimized, including the mechanical properties, contact angle and surface area of Al2O3/PVDF composite membranes with different Al2O3 contents. At the same time, the ferrous ion concentration and the effect of hydrophilization were studied. The results showed that the modified Al2O3/PVDF membrane functioned well as a support. The Al2O3/PVDF membrane with immobilized Pd/Fe NPs exhibited high efficiency in terms of dichloroacetic acid（DCAA） dechlorination. Additionally, a reaction pathway for DCAA dechlorination by Pd/Fe NPs immobilized on the Al2O3/PVDF membrane system was proposed.
文摘Al2O3-ZrO2 with a high level of hardness and toughness is known as ceramic steel. Due to its unique properties it can be used as a reinforcement in fabrication of metal matrix composites. In this study, nanoparticles of Al2O3-10% ZrO2 with an average size of 80 nm were used to fabricate Al matrix composites containing 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt.% of the reinforcement. The fabrication route was stir casting at 850?C. There is no report about usage of this reinforcement in fabrication of composites in the literature. The microstructures of the as-cast composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Density measurement, hardness and tensile properties were carried out to identify the mechanical properties of the composites. The results revealed that with increasing the reinforcement content, density decreased while yield, ultimate tensile strength and compressive strength increased. Also, hardness increased by increasing the reinforcement content up to 1 wt.% Al2O3-10% ZrO2 but it decreased in the samples containing higher amounts of reinforcement.
基金Project(2012MS0801)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China
文摘Al2O3p-Al composites were synthesized using an in-situ reaction in the 80%Al-20%CuO （mass fraction） system. The effects of the CuO particle size on the synthesis temperature and microstructure of the composites were investigated by various methods. The results indicate that the CuO particle size has a significant effect on the temperature at which the complete reaction in the Al-CuO system occurs：the temperature is 200 ℃ lower in the Al-CuO system containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm than that containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm. The interfacial bonding between Al2O3 particles and Al is not complete when the temperature is below a critical value. The morphology of the Al2O3 particles varies from ribbon-like shape to near spherical shape when the temperature is above a critical value. These two critical temperatures are affected by the particle size of CuO, and the critical temperature of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm is 100 ℃ lower than that of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm.
基金The authors acknowledges the financial support of Tianjin University Youth FoundationTangshan Ceramics Limited
文摘A method of heating ethanol-aqueous salt solution combined with co-precipitation was used to synthesize Al2O3/ZrO2 nanoparticles. The analysis of DSC and XRD revealed that the transformation temperature from amorphous to crystal phase was about 850 ℃. The grain size was increased with the raising of calcine temperature. The alcohol-water ratio did not affect the formation of main crystal phases, but affected the agglomeration of nanoparticles based on the results of TEM. When alcohol-water ratio was 5∶1, the dispersion of nanoparticles was good. When there was not alcohol, the dispersion of nanoparticles was poor because there was only pure co-precipitation reaction and the speed of co-precipitation reaction was too high to have enough time of PEG. dispersing particles.
文摘Spherical, monodispersed europium hydroxycarbonate particles wereobtained by homogeneous precipitation with urea in aqueous solution of Eu.(NO3)3at elevated temperature.The particles were readily converted to the uniformEu2O3 with average particle size of 50nm after calcined at 750℃.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50962002,50602006)Opening Funds of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (201008)
文摘Attempts had been made to synthesize Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane（TEOS） and aluminum nitrate（ANN） as the starting materials.DTS,TEM,SEM and BET were employed to study the effects of process parameters on the size,specific surface area and structure（morphology） of powders.The alkali-activation reactivity of the powders was tested for manufacturing geopolymers and their hydrothermal reactions were performed for fabricating zeolites.The results show that the optimum process parameters and drying method for preparing Al2O3-2SiO2 nanopowders are as follows：the molar ratio of water and ethanol to TEOS are 0：1 and 12：1 respectively at synthetic temperature of 50 ℃ and the drying method is azeotropic distillation with microwave drying.The average particle diameters of the powders were about 70 nm and the largest BET specific surface area was up to 669 m^2·g^-1.The compressive strength of the geopolymer and the calcium exchange capacity（by CaCO3） of NaA zeolite prepared with the powders reached to 29 MPa and 366 m^2·g^-1 respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21473236,21227804)the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology(13NM1402300)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciencessupport by the Deanship of Scientific Research,College of Science Research Center at King Saud University
文摘Bismuth vanadate(BiVO_4) is a promising semiconductor material for solar energy conversion via photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting,whereas its performance is limited by surface recombination due to trapping states.Herein,we developed a new method to passivate the trapping states on BiVO_4 surface using ultrathin aluminum oxide(Al_2O_3) overlayer by atomic layer deposition.The coated ultrathin Al_2O_3 film on BiVO_4 significantly enhanced photocurrent densities of the BiVO_4 anodes under standard illumination of AM1.5 G(100 mW/cm2).The electrochemical impedances and photoluminescence spectra were studied to confirm that the improved PEC water splitting performance of BiVO_4 was due to the decreased surface recombination state on BiVO_4,which effectively enhanced the charge separation.
文摘Recently, Hsieh and Horng [1] published the paper entitled as above. In section 3 results and discussion, the authors mentioned the first and the second order kinetic models without any quotations. In fact these two kinetic models have been published [2-5]. In order to distinguish a kinetics model based on the ad- sorption capacity of a solid from the one based on the concentration of a solution, Lagergren＇s first-order rate equation has been called pseudo-first-order [6-7]. The Lagergren＇s equation has been widely cited, but there are far more mistakes made in the quotation and in the reference section of papers, including the title, the author＇s name, journal title, year of publishing, volume, and page number [3]. In addition, the second order kinetic expression for the adsorption systems of divalent metal ions using sphagnum moss peat has been reported by Ho [8].
文摘In this study, three-dimensional bismutite Bi2O2CO3 nanoparticels (BSC NPs) have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal treatment under mild conditions. The reaction temperatures and NaOH concentration have a vital influence on the physical and photocatalytic properties of the obtained BSC NPs. The crystal structure, morphology, chemical composition, specific surface area and photoresponse of as-obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microsprctrosopy, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and UV-Vis spectra, respectively. Furthermore, Rhodamine 6G was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of BSC NPs. As a result, there was no obvious effect of hydrothermal reaction temperature and NaOH concentration on phase structure and UV-visible light response;while the morphology, BET surface area and photoactivity were affected by hydrothermal reaction temperature and NaOH concentration.
基金the financial support from the 261Project of MIIT and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240179)。
文摘The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.
文摘Ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ91 D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in aluminate electrolytes, with Al2O3 nano-additive suspending at different concentrations. Effects of nano-additive concentration on the structure, phase composition, hardness and anti-corrosion property of the MAO coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness test and electrochemical method, respectively. The results revealed that Al2O3 nano-particles were mostly incorporated into ceramic coating chemically, transferred into MgAl2O4, rather than being trapped mechanically during MAO process. With the increase of Al2O3 concentration, the voltage-time response, content of MgAl2O4, hardness and anti-corrosion property increased. However, when the concentration varied from 10 g/L to 15 g/L, these behaviors and properties changed only a little. This result indicated that, after the concentration of Al2O3 nano-additive reaching 10 g/L, the incorporation of Al2O3 nano-particles turned into a saturation state, due to the complex process during MAO treatment. Therefore, 10 g/L might be a proper concentration for MAO coating to incorporate Al2O3 nano-particles,
