Mg-12 Li, Mg-12 Li-3（Al-Si）, Mg-12 Li-7（Al-Si） and Mg-12 Li-9（Al-Si） alloys（all in wt%） were fabricated by high frequency vacuum induction melting in a water cooled copper crucible. After subsequently hotrolli...Mg-12 Li, Mg-12 Li-3（Al-Si）, Mg-12 Li-7（Al-Si） and Mg-12 Li-9（Al-Si） alloys（all in wt%） were fabricated by high frequency vacuum induction melting in a water cooled copper crucible. After subsequently hotrolling and annealing, their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental results show that mechanical properties of Mg-12 Li alloy were significantly improved by the addition of Al-Si eutectic alloy. Mg-12 Li-7（Al-Si） alloy shows the highest strength of 196 MPa of the investigated alloys, which is about 1.8 times of the strength of Mg-12 Li alloy, and maintains high elongation of 27%.The improved mechanical property with addition of Al and Si in the eutectic proportion into Mg-12 Li alloy was attributed to the solution strengthening effect of A1 and precipitation hardening effect from AlLi and Mg_2 Si precipitates.展开更多
Nonstable growth of Al-Si eutectic in constrained condition has been investigated by means of change of the withdrawing rate in an unidirectional solidification system,In constant acceleration growth,a retarded effect...Nonstable growth of Al-Si eutectic in constrained condition has been investigated by means of change of the withdrawing rate in an unidirectional solidification system,In constant acceleration growth,a retarded effect of response of eutectic interflake spacing on the growth rate has been observed.The response mechanisms are cluster-branching and local termination extension of Si-phase.In constant deceleration growth,the cluster-branching and termina- tion mechanisms of silicon still control adjustment of the interflake spacing,but the spacing is determined by the initial growth rate and does not respond to the decreasing growth rate.展开更多
Eutectic Al-12.6 wt.%Si alloys with various contents of the rare earth element Er were prepared by the conventional casting technique. The effect of Er on the microstructure and properties of the eutectic Al-Si alloys...Eutectic Al-12.6 wt.%Si alloys with various contents of the rare earth element Er were prepared by the conventional casting technique. The effect of Er on the microstructure and properties of the eutectic Al-Si alloys was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy as well as the friction and wear tests. It was found that the addition of Er obviously improved the anti-wear properties, and reduced the friction coefficient of the alloys. The appropriate addition of Er would change the size and shape of the eutectic silicon, and thereby refine the microstructure of the Al-Si alloys. The refinement mechanism was also discussed.展开更多
Al-Si eutectic growth mechanism was investigated in a directionally-solidified AI-1 3 wt% Si alloy with different strontium （Sr） and magnesium （Mg） additions, growth velocities and temperature gradients. Macro- an...Al-Si eutectic growth mechanism was investigated in a directionally-solidified AI-1 3 wt% Si alloy with different strontium （Sr） and magnesium （Mg） additions, growth velocities and temperature gradients. Macro- and micro- scale metallographic analyses revealed that addition level of Sr and Mg, temperature gradient and growth velocity are important factors affecting stability of solidifying AI-Si eutectic front and the final morphology of eutectic grains in the solidified A1-13 wt% Si alloys. By varying （tailoring） these factors, a variety of eutectic grain structures and morphologies such as planar front, cellular structure, a mix of cellular and columnar, or equiaxed dendrites, can be obtained. Increasing temperature gradient, reducing growth velocity, or decreasing Sr and Mg contents is beneficial to stabilizing planar growth front of eutectic grains, which is qualitatively in accordance with constitutional supercooling criterion for binary eutectic growth. In contrast, adding more Sr and Mg, increasing growth velocity, or decreasing temperature gradient produces large constitutional supercooling, leading to columnar-equiaxed transition （CET） of eutectic structure, which can be interpreted on the basis of Hunt＇s Model. It is also found that both solute concentration and solidification variables have significant impact not only on eutectic growth, but also on gas porosity formation.展开更多
A numerical model is established to simulate the concentration field in irregular lamel- lar eutectic of Al-Si system. Both the undercooling and spacing are dependent on the g...A numerical model is established to simulate the concentration field in irregular lamel- lar eutectic of Al-Si system. Both the undercooling and spacing are dependent on the growth rate and the temperature gradient, and increasing growth rate causes an in- crease of undercooling but a decrease of lamellar spacing, while increasing temperature gradient Leads to a decrease of Lamellar spacing. The computed results are in good agreement with experimental observations.展开更多
In this study,the effects of Eu addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of A390 alloy were investigated,along with the spheroidization mechanism of primary silicon with Eu.The results showed that whe...In this study,the effects of Eu addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of A390 alloy were investigated,along with the spheroidization mechanism of primary silicon with Eu.The results showed that when the Eu addition reached 0.6 wt%,both refinement and spheroidization of primary silicon,alongside fibrous eutectic silicon can be obtained.Owing to such a microstructural modification,the ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased by 24.9%and 101.2%,respectively.While in the unmodified alloy,the octahedral,plate-like,and five-star primary silicon particles exhibited fewΣ3 twin boundaries,whereas in the Eu-modified alloy,spheroidal primary silicon displayed curvedΣ3 twin boundaries,sub-grain boundaries,and specialΣ9 twin boundaries.Atom probe tomography analysis indicated that Al and Eu atoms were present in the spheroidal primary silicon as spheroidal,T-shaped,straight rod-like,and curved rod-like clusters,with the Al:Eu ratio of 2.92±0.46.The spheroidization mechanism of primary silicon was proposed through five aspects:(ⅰ)spheroidal clusters inducing parallel and intersectingΣ3 twins,(ⅱ)straight rod-like clusters causing poisoning of twin plane re-entrant edge,(ⅲ)T-shaped clusters leading to multithickness intersectingΣ3 twins,(ⅳ)curved rod-like clusters resulting in curvedΣ3 twins,and(ⅴ)curved rod-like clusters induce specialΣ9 twins.These mechanisms facilitate a transition from initially anisotropic to isotropic growth of primary silicon with Eu addition.The present work provides an important insight for the development of a novel way to achieve the primary Si spheroidization and the improvement of mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys.展开更多
The nucleation and growth of eutectic cell in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscattering diffraction（EBSD）.By revealing ...The nucleation and growth of eutectic cell in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscattering diffraction（EBSD）.By revealing the eutectic cells and analyzing the crystallographic orientation,it was found that both the eutectic Si and Al phases in an eutectic cell were not single crystal,representing an eutectic cell consisting of small ＇grains＇.It is also suggested that the eutectic nucleation mode can not be determined based on the crystallographic orientation between eutectic Al phases and the neighboring primary dendrite Al phases.However,the evolution of primary dendrite Al phases affects remarkably the following nucleation and growth of eutectic cell.The coarse flake-fine fibrous transition of eutectic Si morphology involved in impurity elements modification may be independent of eutectic nucleation.展开更多
The microstructural features of hypoeutectic AI-10%Si alloy were observed using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The results show that primary silicon particles are frequently found in hypoeute...The microstructural features of hypoeutectic AI-10%Si alloy were observed using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The results show that primary silicon particles are frequently found in hypoeutectic alloys. Hence, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the precipitation of primary silicon of hypoeutectic Al-10%Si alloy melts were investigated. It was discovered that Si atoms are easy to segregate and form Si-Si clusters, which results in the formation of primary silicon even in eutectic or hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. In addition, solute redistribution caused by chemical driving force and large pile-ups or micro-segregation of the solute play an important role in the formation of the primary silicon, and the solute redistribution equations were derived from Jackson-Chalmers equations. Once Si solute concentration exceeds eutectic composition, primary silicon precipitates are formed at the front of solid/liquid interface.展开更多
The Al-27%Si alloy was prepared by the spray forming process,and its microstructure evolution during the semisolid reheating process was investigated.The results show that,the primary Si phase coarsens during the rehe...The Al-27%Si alloy was prepared by the spray forming process,and its microstructure evolution during the semisolid reheating process was investigated.The results show that,the primary Si phase coarsens during the reheating process and the coarsening rate increases with the increase of reheating temperature.The eutectic phase is produced in the molten region when quenched in the cold water.The microstructure evolution in the semisolid state can be divided into three stages.The remarkable characteristic of the first stage is only a solid-state phase transformation process.However,the region around the α（Al） matrix gradually melts in the second stage.The primary Si in the liquid phase coarsens obviously,and the eutectic phase is produced in the molten region when the specimens are quenched in cold water.In the last stage,the same thing as that in the second stage happens except that all the α（Al） matrixes are melted.展开更多
Al-3B master alloy is a kind of efficient grain refiner for hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of undissolved AlB2 particles in Al-3B master alloy on the grain refinement of...Al-3B master alloy is a kind of efficient grain refiner for hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of undissolved AlB2 particles in Al-3B master alloy on the grain refinement of Al-7Si. It is found that the number and the settlement of AlB2 particles in the melt all have effect on the grain refining efficiency. On the basis of experiments and theoretical analysis, a new grain refinement mechanism was proposed to explain the grain refinement action of Al-3B on hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. The formation of ＇Al-AlB2＇ shell structure is the direct reason for grain refinement and the undissolved AlB2 particles is the indirect nucleating base for subsequent α（Al） phase.展开更多
In order to study the self tempering effect on the solidification of Al-Si alloy, a setup was designed to conduct experiments. The characters of β phases in different thicknesses of Al-Si samples were investigated. T...In order to study the self tempering effect on the solidification of Al-Si alloy, a setup was designed to conduct experiments. The characters of β phases in different thicknesses of Al-Si samples were investigated. The results show that the size distributions of β phases obey the logarithmic normal distribution. The Brinell hardness tests were also carried out. The tested hardness results show that the hardness distribution of the casting cooled in water is evener than that cooled in air, and its averaged value is higher than that cooled in air.展开更多
Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with variant Mg contents were fabricated by casting,and the effects of Mg content on the microstructure of primary Mg2Si particles in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were investigated.The results ...Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with variant Mg contents were fabricated by casting,and the effects of Mg content on the microstructure of primary Mg2Si particles in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were investigated.The results show that the volume fraction of primary Mg2Si particles increases linearly with raising the Mg content,but the average size of Mg2Si particles does not exhibit a corresponding change.When the Mg content is 3%,á1 0 0？ directions have the fastest growth velocity,so that Mg2Si particles are likely to form octahedron shape.When gradually increasing the Mg content,the distributions of Mg and Si atoms on the solid-liquid interface become inhomogeneous,which results in the formation of irregular octahedron structures.Finally,when the Mg content is about 10%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si particles changes from the octahedron shape into various complex structures with a large size.展开更多
Being used more and more widely in engineering,AlSi alloys comprise about 80%of all kinds of aluminum alloys,which are the most widely utilized nonferrous alloys.Although most Al-Si alloys consist of multiple componen...Being used more and more widely in engineering,AlSi alloys comprise about 80%of all kinds of aluminum alloys,which are the most widely utilized nonferrous alloys.Although most Al-Si alloys consist of multiple components,the eutectics in the structure accounts for 50%-90%of the sum volume of such alloys.Therefore,understanding the modification mechanism and function rules of the AlSi eutectic solidification is the technical key in controlling the structures and properties of such casting alloys.The present paper chiefly reviews recent investigation developments and important conclusions along the lines of the functions of modification elements and their modification mechanism in the eutectic solidification of Al-Si alloys.展开更多
An electromagnetic vibration was generated by simultaneously imposing a strong static magnetic field （up to 10 T） and an alternative electricity current to the metal. Its effects on the solidification structure of e...An electromagnetic vibration was generated by simultaneously imposing a strong static magnetic field （up to 10 T） and an alternative electricity current to the metal. Its effects on the solidification structure of eutectic Al-Si alloy have been investigated experimentally. It is found that the eutectic structure has been refined by solely imposing high magnetic field while it is coarsened under the electromagnetic vibration. Furthermore, polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al appeared when the electromagnetic vibration strength was strong enough. The refining of eutectic structure is attributed to the decrease of diffusion coefficient caused by the strong magnetic field. The coarseness of eutectic structure may be attributed to the convection caused by electromagnetic vibration. Strong convection may break co-operative growth of eutectic phases to form polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al.展开更多
Al2O3/Al-Si alloy composite was manufactured by squeeze casting. The morphology of the eutectic silicon in the composite was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and the modified mechanism of eutectic sil...Al2O3/Al-Si alloy composite was manufactured by squeeze casting. The morphology of the eutectic silicon in the composite was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and the modified mechanism of eutectic silicon in the composite was approached. The alumina fiber in the composite can trigger twin during the growth of Al-Si eutectic and lead to the modification of eutectic silicon near the fiber.展开更多
The wear resistance of six kinds of the electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with various Ti content ranging from 0.00wt.% to 0.21wt.% has been studied. A new method of adding Ti is adopted in the el...The wear resistance of six kinds of the electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with various Ti content ranging from 0.00wt.% to 0.21wt.% has been studied. A new method of adding Ti is adopted in the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy ingots. The electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys are produced by remelting the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy, crystal silicon, pure magnesium, AI-50%Cu and AI-10%Mn master alloy. The wear experiments are conducted using MM200 wear testing machine under lubricating condition. The results indicate that the better wear resistance and the less weight loss are achieved in the study for the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with 0.08wt.%-0.12wt.% Ti content. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 135.94 MPa at 300℃ and HV141.70 hardness of the alloys are obtained at 0.12wt.% and 0.08wt.% Ti content, respectively. The wear mechanism of the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys under lubricating condition is abrasive wear.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-14.6Si castings modified by Cu-P master alloy under different conditions were studied with optical microscope（OM） and mechanical testing and simulation（MTS）.The r...The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-14.6Si castings modified by Cu-P master alloy under different conditions were studied with optical microscope（OM） and mechanical testing and simulation（MTS）.The results indicate that the Cu-P master alloy possesses not only obvious modification effect,but also longevity effect with more than 8 h on the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy.It is shown from thermal calculation,scanning electron microscope（SEM）,and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays（EDAX） that the modification mechanism of Cu-P on primary silicon in the castings is heterogeneous nucleation around AlP particles.The Cu-P master alloy has no or little modifying effect on eutectic silicon,even though it has obvious modification on primary silicon in the castings.This may be because of the fast transformation of eutectic silicon at a very narrow temperature,which will notably weaken the role of AlP particles as heterogeneous nuclei for eutectic silicon.展开更多
The effect of Ce addition on the morphology of the α（Al）-Al2Cu eutectic in Al-Si-Cu alloy was investigated using thermal analysis, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam and energy dispers...The effect of Ce addition on the morphology of the α（Al）-Al2Cu eutectic in Al-Si-Cu alloy was investigated using thermal analysis, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam and energy dispersive analysis. The results show that the eutectic α（Al）-Al2Cu forms within small space between dendrites, silicon and AlSiFeMn plates. Eutectic Al2Cu is not lamellar but degenerated. However, Al2Cu in Ce-modified alloys is more compact. Ce partially dissolves in Al2Cu, which is a viable reason for the formation of coarser Al2Cu. The addition of Ce also increases the microhardness of theα（Al）-Al2Cu eutectic by almost 10%compared with the basic Al-Si-Cu alloy.展开更多
A two-dimensional(2-D)multi-component and multi-phase cellular automaton(CA)model coupled with the Calphad method and finite difference method(FDM)is proposed to simulate the gas pore formation and microstructures in ...A two-dimensional(2-D)multi-component and multi-phase cellular automaton(CA)model coupled with the Calphad method and finite difference method(FDM)is proposed to simulate the gas pore formation and microstructures in solidification process of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.In this model,the pore growth,and dendritic and eutectic solidification are simulated using a CA technique.To achieve the equilibrium among multiple phases during ternary Al-based alloy solidification,the phase transition thermodynamics and kinetics are evaluated by adopting the Calphad method.The diffusion equations of hydrogen and two solutes are solved by FDM.The developed CA-FDM coupled model can be used for simulating the evolution of gas microporosity and microstructures,involving dendrites and irregular binary and ternary eutectics,of ternary hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.It has the capability of reproducing the interactions between the hydrogen microporosity formation and the growth of dendrites and eutectics,the competitive growth among the growing gas pores of different sizes,together with the time-evolving concentration fields of hydrogen and solutes.The simulated morphology of gas pore and microstructure has a good agreement with the experimental observation.The influences of the initial hydrogen concentration and cooling rate on the microporosity formation are investigated.It is found that the main portion of porosity formation occurs in the eutectic solidification stage through analyzing the profiles of porosity percentage and solid fraction varying with solidification time.The varying features of simulated porosity percentage,the maximum and average pores radii indicate that increasing initial hydrogen concentration promotes the formation of higher final porosity percentage and larger pores,while the size of gas pores will significantly reduce with increasing cooling rate,leading to a lower final porosity percentage.展开更多
The semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouting temperature and stirring power on the semi-solid slurry were inve...The semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouting temperature and stirring power on the semi-solid slurry were investigated. The results indicated that the semi-solid slurry to satisfy rheocasting can be manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The pouring temperature （or superheat） and the stirring power remarkably affected the morphology of primary α-Al and the size of primary α-Al, and there is no obvious effect of stirring time on primary α-Al. Compared with the samples made by low superheat pouring with no stirring, the nucleation rate, particle morphology and grain size of primary α-Al in A356 were markedly improved by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. On the condition of weak electromagnetic stirring, the pouring temperature with low superheat can be suitably raised to reach the effectiveness obtained from the lower pouring temperature without stirring.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No.2014-029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51474152, 51401143 and 51274149)
文摘Mg-12 Li, Mg-12 Li-3（Al-Si）, Mg-12 Li-7（Al-Si） and Mg-12 Li-9（Al-Si） alloys（all in wt%） were fabricated by high frequency vacuum induction melting in a water cooled copper crucible. After subsequently hotrolling and annealing, their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental results show that mechanical properties of Mg-12 Li alloy were significantly improved by the addition of Al-Si eutectic alloy. Mg-12 Li-7（Al-Si） alloy shows the highest strength of 196 MPa of the investigated alloys, which is about 1.8 times of the strength of Mg-12 Li alloy, and maintains high elongation of 27%.The improved mechanical property with addition of Al and Si in the eutectic proportion into Mg-12 Li alloy was attributed to the solution strengthening effect of A1 and precipitation hardening effect from AlLi and Mg_2 Si precipitates.
文摘Nonstable growth of Al-Si eutectic in constrained condition has been investigated by means of change of the withdrawing rate in an unidirectional solidification system,In constant acceleration growth,a retarded effect of response of eutectic interflake spacing on the growth rate has been observed.The response mechanisms are cluster-branching and local termination extension of Si-phase.In constant deceleration growth,the cluster-branching and termina- tion mechanisms of silicon still control adjustment of the interflake spacing,but the spacing is determined by the initial growth rate and does not respond to the decreasing growth rate.
基金Project supported by the National Key Science and Technology R&D Program (2009BAE80B00)
文摘Eutectic Al-12.6 wt.%Si alloys with various contents of the rare earth element Er were prepared by the conventional casting technique. The effect of Er on the microstructure and properties of the eutectic Al-Si alloys was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy as well as the friction and wear tests. It was found that the addition of Er obviously improved the anti-wear properties, and reduced the friction coefficient of the alloys. The appropriate addition of Er would change the size and shape of the eutectic silicon, and thereby refine the microstructure of the Al-Si alloys. The refinement mechanism was also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50771031)GM Research Foundation(No.GM-RP-07-211)
文摘Al-Si eutectic growth mechanism was investigated in a directionally-solidified AI-1 3 wt% Si alloy with different strontium （Sr） and magnesium （Mg） additions, growth velocities and temperature gradients. Macro- and micro- scale metallographic analyses revealed that addition level of Sr and Mg, temperature gradient and growth velocity are important factors affecting stability of solidifying AI-Si eutectic front and the final morphology of eutectic grains in the solidified A1-13 wt% Si alloys. By varying （tailoring） these factors, a variety of eutectic grain structures and morphologies such as planar front, cellular structure, a mix of cellular and columnar, or equiaxed dendrites, can be obtained. Increasing temperature gradient, reducing growth velocity, or decreasing Sr and Mg contents is beneficial to stabilizing planar growth front of eutectic grains, which is qualitatively in accordance with constitutional supercooling criterion for binary eutectic growth. In contrast, adding more Sr and Mg, increasing growth velocity, or decreasing temperature gradient produces large constitutional supercooling, leading to columnar-equiaxed transition （CET） of eutectic structure, which can be interpreted on the basis of Hunt＇s Model. It is also found that both solute concentration and solidification variables have significant impact not only on eutectic growth, but also on gas porosity formation.
文摘A numerical model is established to simulate the concentration field in irregular lamel- lar eutectic of Al-Si system. Both the undercooling and spacing are dependent on the growth rate and the temperature gradient, and increasing growth rate causes an in- crease of undercooling but a decrease of lamellar spacing, while increasing temperature gradient Leads to a decrease of Lamellar spacing. The computed results are in good agreement with experimental observations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301046,U24A2028 and U22A20174)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(25HASTIT007)+2 种基金the Frontier Exploration Projects of Longmen Laboratory(No.LMQYT-SKT005)the Central Plains Talents Planthe support of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology
文摘In this study,the effects of Eu addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of A390 alloy were investigated,along with the spheroidization mechanism of primary silicon with Eu.The results showed that when the Eu addition reached 0.6 wt%,both refinement and spheroidization of primary silicon,alongside fibrous eutectic silicon can be obtained.Owing to such a microstructural modification,the ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased by 24.9%and 101.2%,respectively.While in the unmodified alloy,the octahedral,plate-like,and five-star primary silicon particles exhibited fewΣ3 twin boundaries,whereas in the Eu-modified alloy,spheroidal primary silicon displayed curvedΣ3 twin boundaries,sub-grain boundaries,and specialΣ9 twin boundaries.Atom probe tomography analysis indicated that Al and Eu atoms were present in the spheroidal primary silicon as spheroidal,T-shaped,straight rod-like,and curved rod-like clusters,with the Al:Eu ratio of 2.92±0.46.The spheroidization mechanism of primary silicon was proposed through five aspects:(ⅰ)spheroidal clusters inducing parallel and intersectingΣ3 twins,(ⅱ)straight rod-like clusters causing poisoning of twin plane re-entrant edge,(ⅲ)T-shaped clusters leading to multithickness intersectingΣ3 twins,(ⅳ)curved rod-like clusters resulting in curvedΣ3 twins,and(ⅴ)curved rod-like clusters induce specialΣ9 twins.These mechanisms facilitate a transition from initially anisotropic to isotropic growth of primary silicon with Eu addition.The present work provides an important insight for the development of a novel way to achieve the primary Si spheroidization and the improvement of mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys.
基金Project(XKY2009035) supported by the Key Laboratory for Ecological-Environment Materials of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(11KJD430006) supported by the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(AE201034) supported by the Research Finds of Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘The nucleation and growth of eutectic cell in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscattering diffraction（EBSD）.By revealing the eutectic cells and analyzing the crystallographic orientation,it was found that both the eutectic Si and Al phases in an eutectic cell were not single crystal,representing an eutectic cell consisting of small ＇grains＇.It is also suggested that the eutectic nucleation mode can not be determined based on the crystallographic orientation between eutectic Al phases and the neighboring primary dendrite Al phases.However,the evolution of primary dendrite Al phases affects remarkably the following nucleation and growth of eutectic cell.The coarse flake-fine fibrous transition of eutectic Si morphology involved in impurity elements modification may be independent of eutectic nucleation.
基金Project (U1134101) supported by the Mutual Foundation of Basic Research of High Speed Railway,ChinaProjects (ZR2009FL003,ZR2010EL011,ZR2011EMM003) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘The microstructural features of hypoeutectic AI-10%Si alloy were observed using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The results show that primary silicon particles are frequently found in hypoeutectic alloys. Hence, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the precipitation of primary silicon of hypoeutectic Al-10%Si alloy melts were investigated. It was discovered that Si atoms are easy to segregate and form Si-Si clusters, which results in the formation of primary silicon even in eutectic or hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. In addition, solute redistribution caused by chemical driving force and large pile-ups or micro-segregation of the solute play an important role in the formation of the primary silicon, and the solute redistribution equations were derived from Jackson-Chalmers equations. Once Si solute concentration exceeds eutectic composition, primary silicon precipitates are formed at the front of solid/liquid interface.
基金Project (JPPT-125-GH-039) supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘The Al-27%Si alloy was prepared by the spray forming process,and its microstructure evolution during the semisolid reheating process was investigated.The results show that,the primary Si phase coarsens during the reheating process and the coarsening rate increases with the increase of reheating temperature.The eutectic phase is produced in the molten region when quenched in the cold water.The microstructure evolution in the semisolid state can be divided into three stages.The remarkable characteristic of the first stage is only a solid-state phase transformation process.However,the region around the α（Al） matrix gradually melts in the second stage.The primary Si in the liquid phase coarsens obviously,and the eutectic phase is produced in the molten region when the specimens are quenched in cold water.In the last stage,the same thing as that in the second stage happens except that all the α（Al） matrixes are melted.
基金Project supported by Tsinghua-Wuxi Science Foundation, China
文摘Al-3B master alloy is a kind of efficient grain refiner for hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of undissolved AlB2 particles in Al-3B master alloy on the grain refinement of Al-7Si. It is found that the number and the settlement of AlB2 particles in the melt all have effect on the grain refining efficiency. On the basis of experiments and theoretical analysis, a new grain refinement mechanism was proposed to explain the grain refinement action of Al-3B on hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. The formation of ＇Al-AlB2＇ shell structure is the direct reason for grain refinement and the undissolved AlB2 particles is the indirect nucleating base for subsequent α（Al） phase.
基金Project (J09LD11) supported by Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province, ChinaProject (BS2009ZZ010) supported by Shandong Province Outstanding Research Award Fund for Young Scientists, China
文摘In order to study the self tempering effect on the solidification of Al-Si alloy, a setup was designed to conduct experiments. The characters of β phases in different thicknesses of Al-Si samples were investigated. The results show that the size distributions of β phases obey the logarithmic normal distribution. The Brinell hardness tests were also carried out. The tested hardness results show that the hardness distribution of the casting cooled in water is evener than that cooled in air, and its averaged value is higher than that cooled in air.
基金Project(CDJZR12240056)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,ChinaProject(cstc2013jcyj A50014)supported by the Foundational and Cutting-edge Research Plan of Chongqing,China
文摘Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with variant Mg contents were fabricated by casting,and the effects of Mg content on the microstructure of primary Mg2Si particles in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were investigated.The results show that the volume fraction of primary Mg2Si particles increases linearly with raising the Mg content,but the average size of Mg2Si particles does not exhibit a corresponding change.When the Mg content is 3%,á1 0 0？ directions have the fastest growth velocity,so that Mg2Si particles are likely to form octahedron shape.When gradually increasing the Mg content,the distributions of Mg and Si atoms on the solid-liquid interface become inhomogeneous,which results in the formation of irregular octahedron structures.Finally,when the Mg content is about 10%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si particles changes from the octahedron shape into various complex structures with a large size.
文摘Being used more and more widely in engineering,AlSi alloys comprise about 80%of all kinds of aluminum alloys,which are the most widely utilized nonferrous alloys.Although most Al-Si alloys consist of multiple components,the eutectics in the structure accounts for 50%-90%of the sum volume of such alloys.Therefore,understanding the modification mechanism and function rules of the AlSi eutectic solidification is the technical key in controlling the structures and properties of such casting alloys.The present paper chiefly reviews recent investigation developments and important conclusions along the lines of the functions of modification elements and their modification mechanism in the eutectic solidification of Al-Si alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59871026)
文摘An electromagnetic vibration was generated by simultaneously imposing a strong static magnetic field （up to 10 T） and an alternative electricity current to the metal. Its effects on the solidification structure of eutectic Al-Si alloy have been investigated experimentally. It is found that the eutectic structure has been refined by solely imposing high magnetic field while it is coarsened under the electromagnetic vibration. Furthermore, polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al appeared when the electromagnetic vibration strength was strong enough. The refining of eutectic structure is attributed to the decrease of diffusion coefficient caused by the strong magnetic field. The coarseness of eutectic structure may be attributed to the convection caused by electromagnetic vibration. Strong convection may break co-operative growth of eutectic phases to form polyhedral Si grains and non-dendritic α-Al.
文摘Al2O3/Al-Si alloy composite was manufactured by squeeze casting. The morphology of the eutectic silicon in the composite was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and the modified mechanism of eutectic silicon in the composite was approached. The alumina fiber in the composite can trigger twin during the growth of Al-Si eutectic and lead to the modification of eutectic silicon near the fiber.
基金the Natural Science Fund of Education Department of Henan Province (200510459077)
文摘The wear resistance of six kinds of the electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with various Ti content ranging from 0.00wt.% to 0.21wt.% has been studied. A new method of adding Ti is adopted in the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy ingots. The electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys are produced by remelting the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy, crystal silicon, pure magnesium, AI-50%Cu and AI-10%Mn master alloy. The wear experiments are conducted using MM200 wear testing machine under lubricating condition. The results indicate that the better wear resistance and the less weight loss are achieved in the study for the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with 0.08wt.%-0.12wt.% Ti content. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 135.94 MPa at 300℃ and HV141.70 hardness of the alloys are obtained at 0.12wt.% and 0.08wt.% Ti content, respectively. The wear mechanism of the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys under lubricating condition is abrasive wear.
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-14.6Si castings modified by Cu-P master alloy under different conditions were studied with optical microscope（OM） and mechanical testing and simulation（MTS）.The results indicate that the Cu-P master alloy possesses not only obvious modification effect,but also longevity effect with more than 8 h on the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy.It is shown from thermal calculation,scanning electron microscope（SEM）,and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays（EDAX） that the modification mechanism of Cu-P on primary silicon in the castings is heterogeneous nucleation around AlP particles.The Cu-P master alloy has no or little modifying effect on eutectic silicon,even though it has obvious modification on primary silicon in the castings.This may be because of the fast transformation of eutectic silicon at a very narrow temperature,which will notably weaken the role of AlP particles as heterogeneous nuclei for eutectic silicon.
文摘The effect of Ce addition on the morphology of the α（Al）-Al2Cu eutectic in Al-Si-Cu alloy was investigated using thermal analysis, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam and energy dispersive analysis. The results show that the eutectic α（Al）-Al2Cu forms within small space between dendrites, silicon and AlSiFeMn plates. Eutectic Al2Cu is not lamellar but degenerated. However, Al2Cu in Ce-modified alloys is more compact. Ce partially dissolves in Al2Cu, which is a viable reason for the formation of coarser Al2Cu. The addition of Ce also increases the microhardness of theα（Al）-Al2Cu eutectic by almost 10%compared with the basic Al-Si-Cu alloy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51371051)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials(No.BM2007204)。
文摘A two-dimensional(2-D)multi-component and multi-phase cellular automaton(CA)model coupled with the Calphad method and finite difference method(FDM)is proposed to simulate the gas pore formation and microstructures in solidification process of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.In this model,the pore growth,and dendritic and eutectic solidification are simulated using a CA technique.To achieve the equilibrium among multiple phases during ternary Al-based alloy solidification,the phase transition thermodynamics and kinetics are evaluated by adopting the Calphad method.The diffusion equations of hydrogen and two solutes are solved by FDM.The developed CA-FDM coupled model can be used for simulating the evolution of gas microporosity and microstructures,involving dendrites and irregular binary and ternary eutectics,of ternary hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.It has the capability of reproducing the interactions between the hydrogen microporosity formation and the growth of dendrites and eutectics,the competitive growth among the growing gas pores of different sizes,together with the time-evolving concentration fields of hydrogen and solutes.The simulated morphology of gas pore and microstructure has a good agreement with the experimental observation.The influences of the initial hydrogen concentration and cooling rate on the microporosity formation are investigated.It is found that the main portion of porosity formation occurs in the eutectic solidification stage through analyzing the profiles of porosity percentage and solid fraction varying with solidification time.The varying features of simulated porosity percentage,the maximum and average pores radii indicate that increasing initial hydrogen concentration promotes the formation of higher final porosity percentage and larger pores,while the size of gas pores will significantly reduce with increasing cooling rate,leading to a lower final porosity percentage.
基金The project was financially supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (No. G2002AA336080) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50374012)
文摘The semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouting temperature and stirring power on the semi-solid slurry were investigated. The results indicated that the semi-solid slurry to satisfy rheocasting can be manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The pouring temperature （or superheat） and the stirring power remarkably affected the morphology of primary α-Al and the size of primary α-Al, and there is no obvious effect of stirring time on primary α-Al. Compared with the samples made by low superheat pouring with no stirring, the nucleation rate, particle morphology and grain size of primary α-Al in A356 were markedly improved by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. On the condition of weak electromagnetic stirring, the pouring temperature with low superheat can be suitably raised to reach the effectiveness obtained from the lower pouring temperature without stirring.
