Due to its ability to broaden the transport channel of droplets within the plant canopy and enhance their penetration capacity,air-assisted spray technology is widely used in orchard pesticide application.To achieve u...Due to its ability to broaden the transport channel of droplets within the plant canopy and enhance their penetration capacity,air-assisted spray technology is widely used in orchard pesticide application.To achieve uniform distribution of pesticide droplets in the tree canopy and obtain a higher pesticide utilization rate,it is crucial to clarify the coupling mechanism of the airflow field and droplet field generated by the air-assisted sprayer.This paper introduces a three-dimensional modeling method of the fruit tree canopy based on CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics),offering a theoretical basis for analyzing the airflow demand calculation during different growth periods of the canopy.It also examines the interaction between canopy modeling and airflow,highlighting advancements in airflow regulation equipment and the effects of airflow speed and volume on spraying.The study shows that the precise regulation of airflow velocity and discharge rate is of importance for improving spraying efficiency.It finally points out that future research should focus on developing intelligent regulation equipment for efficient airflow-droplet control,using biomass sensing,which involves measuring the growth characteristics of the tree canopy,to meet the needs of orchards with diverse growth stages and canopy structures.This article could provide guidance for the future study of precision air-assisted spraying technology in orchards.展开更多
Background: Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucid...Background: Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucidated. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into five groups: non-COPD/rest ( n = 8), non-COPD/exercise ( n = 7), COPD/rest ( n = 7), COPD/medium exercise ( n = 10), and COPD/intensive exercise ( n = 10). COPD animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide instillation for 90 days, while the non-COPD control animals were exposed to room air. Non-COPD/exercise and COPD/medium exercise animals were trained on a treadmill at a decline of 5° and a speed of 15 m/min while animals in the COPD/intensive exercise group were trained at a decline of 5° and a speed of 18 m/min. After eight weeks of exercise/rest, we used ultrasonography, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative capacity of mitochondria, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), and transcriptomics analyses to assess rectal femoris (RF). Results: At the end of 90 days, COPD rats’ weight gain was smaller than control by 59.48 ± 15.33 g ( P = 0.0005). The oxidative muscle fibers proportion was lower ( P < 0.0001). At the end of additional eight weeks of exercise/rest, compared to COPD/rest, COPD/medium exercise group showed advantages in weight gain, femoral artery peak flow velocity (Δ58.22 mm/s, 95% CI: 13.85-102.60 mm/s, P = 0.0104), RF diameters (Δ0.16 mm, 95% CI: 0.04-0.28 mm, P = 0.0093), myofibrils diameter (Δ0.06 μm, 95% CI: 0.02-0.10 μm, P = 0.006), oxidative muscle fiber percentage (Δ4.84%, 95% CI: 0.15-9.53%, P = 0.0434), mitochondria oxidative phosphorylate capacity ( P < 0.0001). Biomolecules spatial distribution in situ and bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomics suggested COPD-related alteration in metabolites and gene expression, which can be impacted by exercise. Conclusion: COPD rat model had multi-level structure and function impairment, which can be mitigated by exercise.展开更多
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-28-21)Jiangsu Standard Orchard Intelligent Green Agricultural Machinery Research,Production and Application Integration Project(Grant No.JSYTH01).
文摘Due to its ability to broaden the transport channel of droplets within the plant canopy and enhance their penetration capacity,air-assisted spray technology is widely used in orchard pesticide application.To achieve uniform distribution of pesticide droplets in the tree canopy and obtain a higher pesticide utilization rate,it is crucial to clarify the coupling mechanism of the airflow field and droplet field generated by the air-assisted sprayer.This paper introduces a three-dimensional modeling method of the fruit tree canopy based on CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics),offering a theoretical basis for analyzing the airflow demand calculation during different growth periods of the canopy.It also examines the interaction between canopy modeling and airflow,highlighting advancements in airflow regulation equipment and the effects of airflow speed and volume on spraying.The study shows that the precise regulation of airflow velocity and discharge rate is of importance for improving spraying efficiency.It finally points out that future research should focus on developing intelligent regulation equipment for efficient airflow-droplet control,using biomass sensing,which involves measuring the growth characteristics of the tree canopy,to meet the needs of orchards with diverse growth stages and canopy structures.This article could provide guidance for the future study of precision air-assisted spraying technology in orchards.
基金supported by grants from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-049)and(2)China-Japan Friendship Hospital Foundation for Young Scholars(No.2018-1-QN-11).
文摘Background: Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucidated. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into five groups: non-COPD/rest ( n = 8), non-COPD/exercise ( n = 7), COPD/rest ( n = 7), COPD/medium exercise ( n = 10), and COPD/intensive exercise ( n = 10). COPD animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide instillation for 90 days, while the non-COPD control animals were exposed to room air. Non-COPD/exercise and COPD/medium exercise animals were trained on a treadmill at a decline of 5° and a speed of 15 m/min while animals in the COPD/intensive exercise group were trained at a decline of 5° and a speed of 18 m/min. After eight weeks of exercise/rest, we used ultrasonography, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative capacity of mitochondria, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), and transcriptomics analyses to assess rectal femoris (RF). Results: At the end of 90 days, COPD rats’ weight gain was smaller than control by 59.48 ± 15.33 g ( P = 0.0005). The oxidative muscle fibers proportion was lower ( P < 0.0001). At the end of additional eight weeks of exercise/rest, compared to COPD/rest, COPD/medium exercise group showed advantages in weight gain, femoral artery peak flow velocity (Δ58.22 mm/s, 95% CI: 13.85-102.60 mm/s, P = 0.0104), RF diameters (Δ0.16 mm, 95% CI: 0.04-0.28 mm, P = 0.0093), myofibrils diameter (Δ0.06 μm, 95% CI: 0.02-0.10 μm, P = 0.006), oxidative muscle fiber percentage (Δ4.84%, 95% CI: 0.15-9.53%, P = 0.0434), mitochondria oxidative phosphorylate capacity ( P < 0.0001). Biomolecules spatial distribution in situ and bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomics suggested COPD-related alteration in metabolites and gene expression, which can be impacted by exercise. Conclusion: COPD rat model had multi-level structure and function impairment, which can be mitigated by exercise.
