Background: Flight and cabin crew are known to be at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, ASCVD risks have not yet been compared in flight and cabin crew in low resource settings...Background: Flight and cabin crew are known to be at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, ASCVD risks have not yet been compared in flight and cabin crew in low resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To assess absolute ASCVD risk estimate and its clinical correlates among flight and cabin crew. Methods: From June 1st 2015 to December 30th 2015, 379 consecutive aviation navigants (Flight crew: 62.5%, pilots: 46.2%, women: 29.6%, Caucasians 23.2%) were enrolled in a cross-sectional survey of ASCVD risk estimate using the Framingham tools. They underwent a physical examination for either initial or renewal medical certificate Class 1 or 2 including blood chemistry, ECG, and echocardiogram as per International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Civil Aviation Authority (CAA-DRC) medical regulations. We modeled the risk of moderate and high ASCVD estimate in a stepwise logistic regression. Results: Low, moderate and high ASCVD risk estimates were observed respectively in 248 (65.4%), 64 (16.9%), and 67 (17.7%) navigants. Moderate and high ASCVD risk estimates predominated among flight than cabin crew (23.6% vs. 5.6%;p 0.0001 and 28.3% vs. null;p 0.001), low ASCVD risk estimate among cabin than flight crew (94.4% vs. 48.1%;p ≤ 0.001). Low ASCVD risk?estimates.展开更多
This study looks into the influence of cosmic radiation at high altitudes on human bodies. Results reveal that the cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) and conventional cultured micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphoc...This study looks into the influence of cosmic radiation at high altitudes on human bodies. Results reveal that the cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) and conventional cultured micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum levels of lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, and the total antioxidation capacity by chemical colorimetry all increased significantly in aircrew members. There exists a linear relationship between the CBMN and the average annual effective doses of radiation received or the average annual flying hours. With both of them, a trend shows that the serum lipid peroxide levels increase as well. Either the lipid peroxide or CBMN can sensitively reflect the recent changes in flight load. These findings indicate that cosmic radiation impairs the stability of chromosomes and genome, and induces lipid oxidative damage in aircrews; Lymphocyte CBMN and serum lipid peroxide can be used as monitoring indicators in the cosmic radiation protection for aircrew members.展开更多
BACKGROUND With very high mortality and disability rates,cerebrovascular diseases and intracranial tumors severely threaten the health and fighting strength of flying personnel,requiring great concern and intensive sc...BACKGROUND With very high mortality and disability rates,cerebrovascular diseases and intracranial tumors severely threaten the health and fighting strength of flying personnel,requiring great concern and intensive screening in clinic,early warning in an early and accurate manner and early intervention of diseases possibly resulting in inflight incapacitation are key emphases of aeromedical support in clinic.AIM To probe into the spectra of intracranial diseases,flight factors and medical imaging characteristics of military pilots(cadets)in the physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft,thus rendering theoretical references for clinical aeromedical support of pilots.METHODS A total of 554 military pilots(cadets)undergoing physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft from December 2020 to April 2024 in a military medical center were enrolled in this study.Then,a retrospective study was carried out on intracranial disease spectra and head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)data of 36 pilots(cadets)who were unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.Besides,a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the clinical data,age,fighter type and head MRI data of such pilots(cadets).RESULTS Abnormal head images were found in 36 out of 554 pilots(cadets)participating in the physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft,including arachnoid cyst in 17(3.1%)military pilots(cadets),suspected very small aneurysm in 11(2.0%),cavernous hemangioma in 4(0.7%),vascular malformation in 2(0.4%),and pituitary tumor in 3(0.5%,one of which developed cavernous hemangioma simultaneously).Among the 17 pilots(cadets)with arachnoid cyst,4 were identified as unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft because the marginal brain tissues were compressed by the cyst>6 cm in length and diameter.The 11 pilots(cadets)with suspected very small aneurysms identified by 3.0T MRI consisted of 6 diagnosed with conus arteriosus by digital subtraction angiography and qualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft,and 5 identified as very small intracranial aneurysms with diameter<3 mm and unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.No symptoms and signs were observed in the 4 military pilots(cadets)with cavernous hemangioma,and the results of MRI revealed bleeding.The 1 of the 4 had the lesion located in pons and developed Rathke cyst in pituitary gland at the same time,and unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.The 2 of the 4 were unqualified for flying,and 2 transferred to air combat service division.The 2 pilots(cadets)with vascular malformation were identified as unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.Among the 3 pilots(cadets)with pituitary tumor,one pilot cadet was identified as unqualified for flying since the tumor compressed the optic chiasma,one had cavernous hemangioma in pons in the meantime and transferred to air combat service division,and one was diagnosed with nonfunctional microadenoma and qualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.CONCLUSION High-resolution head MRI examination is of great significance for screening and detecting cerebrovascular diseases and intracranial tumors in military flying personnel,and attention should be paid to its clinical application to physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.展开更多
文摘Background: Flight and cabin crew are known to be at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, ASCVD risks have not yet been compared in flight and cabin crew in low resource settings like sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To assess absolute ASCVD risk estimate and its clinical correlates among flight and cabin crew. Methods: From June 1st 2015 to December 30th 2015, 379 consecutive aviation navigants (Flight crew: 62.5%, pilots: 46.2%, women: 29.6%, Caucasians 23.2%) were enrolled in a cross-sectional survey of ASCVD risk estimate using the Framingham tools. They underwent a physical examination for either initial or renewal medical certificate Class 1 or 2 including blood chemistry, ECG, and echocardiogram as per International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Civil Aviation Authority (CAA-DRC) medical regulations. We modeled the risk of moderate and high ASCVD estimate in a stepwise logistic regression. Results: Low, moderate and high ASCVD risk estimates were observed respectively in 248 (65.4%), 64 (16.9%), and 67 (17.7%) navigants. Moderate and high ASCVD risk estimates predominated among flight than cabin crew (23.6% vs. 5.6%;p 0.0001 and 28.3% vs. null;p 0.001), low ASCVD risk estimate among cabin than flight crew (94.4% vs. 48.1%;p ≤ 0.001). Low ASCVD risk?estimates.
基金This work was supported by the Science Foundation of Civil Aviation Administration of China (Grant No. 99-3-3).
文摘This study looks into the influence of cosmic radiation at high altitudes on human bodies. Results reveal that the cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) and conventional cultured micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum levels of lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, and the total antioxidation capacity by chemical colorimetry all increased significantly in aircrew members. There exists a linear relationship between the CBMN and the average annual effective doses of radiation received or the average annual flying hours. With both of them, a trend shows that the serum lipid peroxide levels increase as well. Either the lipid peroxide or CBMN can sensitively reflect the recent changes in flight load. These findings indicate that cosmic radiation impairs the stability of chromosomes and genome, and induces lipid oxidative damage in aircrews; Lymphocyte CBMN and serum lipid peroxide can be used as monitoring indicators in the cosmic radiation protection for aircrew members.
基金Supported by The Key Projects of Medical Service Scientific Research of the Navy Medical Center,China,No.20M2302.
文摘BACKGROUND With very high mortality and disability rates,cerebrovascular diseases and intracranial tumors severely threaten the health and fighting strength of flying personnel,requiring great concern and intensive screening in clinic,early warning in an early and accurate manner and early intervention of diseases possibly resulting in inflight incapacitation are key emphases of aeromedical support in clinic.AIM To probe into the spectra of intracranial diseases,flight factors and medical imaging characteristics of military pilots(cadets)in the physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft,thus rendering theoretical references for clinical aeromedical support of pilots.METHODS A total of 554 military pilots(cadets)undergoing physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft from December 2020 to April 2024 in a military medical center were enrolled in this study.Then,a retrospective study was carried out on intracranial disease spectra and head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)data of 36 pilots(cadets)who were unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.Besides,a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the clinical data,age,fighter type and head MRI data of such pilots(cadets).RESULTS Abnormal head images were found in 36 out of 554 pilots(cadets)participating in the physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft,including arachnoid cyst in 17(3.1%)military pilots(cadets),suspected very small aneurysm in 11(2.0%),cavernous hemangioma in 4(0.7%),vascular malformation in 2(0.4%),and pituitary tumor in 3(0.5%,one of which developed cavernous hemangioma simultaneously).Among the 17 pilots(cadets)with arachnoid cyst,4 were identified as unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft because the marginal brain tissues were compressed by the cyst>6 cm in length and diameter.The 11 pilots(cadets)with suspected very small aneurysms identified by 3.0T MRI consisted of 6 diagnosed with conus arteriosus by digital subtraction angiography and qualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft,and 5 identified as very small intracranial aneurysms with diameter<3 mm and unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.No symptoms and signs were observed in the 4 military pilots(cadets)with cavernous hemangioma,and the results of MRI revealed bleeding.The 1 of the 4 had the lesion located in pons and developed Rathke cyst in pituitary gland at the same time,and unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.The 2 of the 4 were unqualified for flying,and 2 transferred to air combat service division.The 2 pilots(cadets)with vascular malformation were identified as unqualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.Among the 3 pilots(cadets)with pituitary tumor,one pilot cadet was identified as unqualified for flying since the tumor compressed the optic chiasma,one had cavernous hemangioma in pons in the meantime and transferred to air combat service division,and one was diagnosed with nonfunctional microadenoma and qualified for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.CONCLUSION High-resolution head MRI examination is of great significance for screening and detecting cerebrovascular diseases and intracranial tumors in military flying personnel,and attention should be paid to its clinical application to physical examination for transfer to pilot modified high performance aircraft.
