Air quality has a significant relationship with our life. Residents are concerned with the environment issue of Chongqing, which used to be one of major industrial cities in China. We choose the air quality of Chongqi...Air quality has a significant relationship with our life. Residents are concerned with the environment issue of Chongqing, which used to be one of major industrial cities in China. We choose the air quality of Chongqing as the research object, valued by choice experiment model with designed questionnaires, to discuss the best approach of improving the air quality. Firstly, the paper introduces the representative methods of the stated preferences: CVM and choice experiment(CE). The choice experiment(CE) could be designed in a series of situations with many different attributes to test the relative values among the attributes, which are the evidences of ranking importance of the attributes. Because the improvement of air quality is affected by multiple factors, the technique is better at valuing the economical impacts. Once the attributes and levels are decided, profiles and choice sets can be designed. We can also collect data through questionnaires and use the conditional logit model to evaluate the improvement of air quality in Chongqing. The result shows the relative importance of the elements selected to evaluate the improvement of urban air quality. In a word, this research has important practical value to better the air quality.展开更多
Wildfires burn approximately 3%-4% of the global land area annually,resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants.Over the past two decades,there has been a declining trend in both global burne...Wildfires burn approximately 3%-4% of the global land area annually,resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants.Over the past two decades,there has been a declining trend in both global burned area and wildfire emissions.This trend is largely attributed to a decrease in wildfire activity in Africa,which accounts for a substantial portion of the total burned area and emissions.However,the northern high-latitude regions of Asia and North America have witnessed substantial interannual variability in wildfire activity,with several severe events occurring in recent years.Climate plays a pivotal role in influencing wildfire activity and has led to more wildfires in high-latitude regions.These wildfires pose significant threats to climate,ecosystems,and human health.Given recent changes in wildfire patterns and their impacts,it is critical to understand the contributors of wildfires,focus on deteriorating high-latitude areas,and address health risks in poorly managed areas tomitigate wildfire effects.展开更多
As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 st...As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated Ambient Air Quality Standard on human health in China. The key results are： 1） The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM10 would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, account- ing for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2） the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM10 is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3） the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PMl0 improves. If the annual concentration of PMlo were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.展开更多
文摘Air quality has a significant relationship with our life. Residents are concerned with the environment issue of Chongqing, which used to be one of major industrial cities in China. We choose the air quality of Chongqing as the research object, valued by choice experiment model with designed questionnaires, to discuss the best approach of improving the air quality. Firstly, the paper introduces the representative methods of the stated preferences: CVM and choice experiment(CE). The choice experiment(CE) could be designed in a series of situations with many different attributes to test the relative values among the attributes, which are the evidences of ranking importance of the attributes. Because the improvement of air quality is affected by multiple factors, the technique is better at valuing the economical impacts. Once the attributes and levels are decided, profiles and choice sets can be designed. We can also collect data through questionnaires and use the conditional logit model to evaluate the improvement of air quality in Chongqing. The result shows the relative importance of the elements selected to evaluate the improvement of urban air quality. In a word, this research has important practical value to better the air quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077194,42061134008,and 42377098)the Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project(China)(No.21230780200)the Shanghai General Project(China)(No.23ZR1406100).
文摘Wildfires burn approximately 3%-4% of the global land area annually,resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants.Over the past two decades,there has been a declining trend in both global burned area and wildfire emissions.This trend is largely attributed to a decrease in wildfire activity in Africa,which accounts for a substantial portion of the total burned area and emissions.However,the northern high-latitude regions of Asia and North America have witnessed substantial interannual variability in wildfire activity,with several severe events occurring in recent years.Climate plays a pivotal role in influencing wildfire activity and has led to more wildfires in high-latitude regions.These wildfires pose significant threats to climate,ecosystems,and human health.Given recent changes in wildfire patterns and their impacts,it is critical to understand the contributors of wildfires,focus on deteriorating high-latitude areas,and address health risks in poorly managed areas tomitigate wildfire effects.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No.41371533）, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection＇s Fiscal Program ＂Research on the Establishment of China Environmental Economics Measurement System＂ （No.1441100040）, and Public Utility Research Program of Ministry of Environmental Protection （No. 201309043）.
文摘As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated Ambient Air Quality Standard on human health in China. The key results are： 1） The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM10 would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, account- ing for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2） the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM10 is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3） the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PMl0 improves. If the annual concentration of PMlo were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.
