Objective This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface(ALI)exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates(MEPs)and then investigate the benchmark dose(BMD)of MEPs by evaluati...Objective This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface(ALI)exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates(MEPs)and then investigate the benchmark dose(BMD)of MEPs by evaluating cell relative viability(CRV)in lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.Methods The MEPs dose was characterized by measuring the number concentration(NC),surface area concentration(SAC),and mass concentration(MC).BEAS-2B cells were exposed to MEPs at different concentrations via ALI and CRV was determined using Cell Counting Kit(CCK-8)assay.BMD software was applied to calculate BMD and the lower limit of benchmark dose(BMDL)according to Akaike Information Coefficient(AIC),with P-value based on Hill,Linear,Polynomial,and Power model.Results Our results reveal that BMD of NC and SAC were estimated by the best-fitting Hill model,while MC was estimated by Polynomial model.The BMDL for CRV following ALI exposure to MEPs were as follows:364.2#/cm^(3)for NC;0.662×10^(7)nm^(2)/cm^(3)for SAC;and 0.278μg/m^(3)for MC.Conclusion These results indicate that MEPs exposure via ALI system induces a dose-dependent decrease of CRV and provides the potential exposure threshold of MEPs in a lung cell model.展开更多
Water-borne pathogenic bacteria are always the top priority to be removed through disinfection process in water treatment due to their threat to human health. It was necessary to develop novel disinfection methods sin...Water-borne pathogenic bacteria are always the top priority to be removed through disinfection process in water treatment due to their threat to human health. It was necessary to develop novel disinfection methods since the conventional chlorine disinfection was inefficient in inactivating chlorine-resistant bacteria, inducing the viable but non-culturable(VBNC) bacteria and forming disinfection by-products(DBPs). In this study, the inactivation of four model strains including Gram-negative(G), Gram-positive(G) and environmental samples by atmospheric-pressure air-liquid discharge plasma(ALDP) was assessed systematically. The results showed that ALDP was superior in inactivating all of the samples compared with chlorination. During 10 min ALDP treatment, the Gbacteria were completely inactivated, and the Gone was inactivated by more than 4.61 logs. The inactivation of bacteria from a campus lake and a wastewater treatment plant effluent exceeded 99.82% and 97.78%, respectively. For G-bacteria, ALDP resulted in a much lower(10~2~10~3 times) levels of VBNC cells than chlorination. ALDP could effectively remove the chlorine-resistant bacteria. More than 96.41% of the intracellular DNA and 99.99% of the extracellular DNA were removed, whereas it was only 56.35% and 12.82% for chlorination. ALDP had a stronger ability to destroy cell structure than chlorination, presumably due to the existence of ROS( ·OH, ~1Oand O). GC-MS analysis showed that ALDP produced less DBPs than chlorination. These findings provided new insights for the application of discharge plasma in water disinfection, which could be complemental or alternative to the conventional disinfection methods.展开更多
液态空气储能(liquid air energy storage,LAES)因其不受地理限制和储能密度高的特点,已经成为一种极具发展潜力的大规模储能技术。为了进一步提升LAES系统往返效率,提出一种耦合钢铁余热与有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)的新...液态空气储能(liquid air energy storage,LAES)因其不受地理限制和储能密度高的特点,已经成为一种极具发展潜力的大规模储能技术。为了进一步提升LAES系统往返效率,提出一种耦合钢铁余热与有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)的新型LAES系统,该集成系统不仅能有效回收钢铁余热,还能显著提升LAES系统性能。通过建立集成系统的热力学模型,利用仿真计算对集成系统关键参数进行了热力性能敏感性分析和优化,开展了系统热力学分析评价。结果表明:不同有机工质随着有机透平进口温度的升高,其输入功率呈现先减小后增加的趋势,ORC效率和系统往返效率则都表现出先增大后减小的特征,且极值出现在临界温度附近。当热源温度从200℃升高到300℃时,系统输出功率从37.3 MW提升至51.9 MW。在最佳工况下,集成系统的电换电效率为118.66%,热电效率为35.62%。(火用)分析表明,膨胀机、冷却器与汽化器是主要(火用)损失源,需通过设备优化与温差调控进一步提升效率。研究成果可为LAES系统的效率提升和钢铁余热利用技术创新提供了重要的理论参考。展开更多
基金supported by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81472955,82073596 and 91643203]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface(ALI)exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates(MEPs)and then investigate the benchmark dose(BMD)of MEPs by evaluating cell relative viability(CRV)in lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.Methods The MEPs dose was characterized by measuring the number concentration(NC),surface area concentration(SAC),and mass concentration(MC).BEAS-2B cells were exposed to MEPs at different concentrations via ALI and CRV was determined using Cell Counting Kit(CCK-8)assay.BMD software was applied to calculate BMD and the lower limit of benchmark dose(BMDL)according to Akaike Information Coefficient(AIC),with P-value based on Hill,Linear,Polynomial,and Power model.Results Our results reveal that BMD of NC and SAC were estimated by the best-fitting Hill model,while MC was estimated by Polynomial model.The BMDL for CRV following ALI exposure to MEPs were as follows:364.2#/cm^(3)for NC;0.662×10^(7)nm^(2)/cm^(3)for SAC;and 0.278μg/m^(3)for MC.Conclusion These results indicate that MEPs exposure via ALI system induces a dose-dependent decrease of CRV and provides the potential exposure threshold of MEPs in a lung cell model.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41861144023 and U2005206)the Natural and Science Guiding Project of Fujian Province (No. 2019H0036)the Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (No. YDZX20203502000003)。
文摘Water-borne pathogenic bacteria are always the top priority to be removed through disinfection process in water treatment due to their threat to human health. It was necessary to develop novel disinfection methods since the conventional chlorine disinfection was inefficient in inactivating chlorine-resistant bacteria, inducing the viable but non-culturable(VBNC) bacteria and forming disinfection by-products(DBPs). In this study, the inactivation of four model strains including Gram-negative(G), Gram-positive(G) and environmental samples by atmospheric-pressure air-liquid discharge plasma(ALDP) was assessed systematically. The results showed that ALDP was superior in inactivating all of the samples compared with chlorination. During 10 min ALDP treatment, the Gbacteria were completely inactivated, and the Gone was inactivated by more than 4.61 logs. The inactivation of bacteria from a campus lake and a wastewater treatment plant effluent exceeded 99.82% and 97.78%, respectively. For G-bacteria, ALDP resulted in a much lower(10~2~10~3 times) levels of VBNC cells than chlorination. ALDP could effectively remove the chlorine-resistant bacteria. More than 96.41% of the intracellular DNA and 99.99% of the extracellular DNA were removed, whereas it was only 56.35% and 12.82% for chlorination. ALDP had a stronger ability to destroy cell structure than chlorination, presumably due to the existence of ROS( ·OH, ~1Oand O). GC-MS analysis showed that ALDP produced less DBPs than chlorination. These findings provided new insights for the application of discharge plasma in water disinfection, which could be complemental or alternative to the conventional disinfection methods.
文摘液态空气储能(liquid air energy storage,LAES)因其不受地理限制和储能密度高的特点,已经成为一种极具发展潜力的大规模储能技术。为了进一步提升LAES系统往返效率,提出一种耦合钢铁余热与有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)的新型LAES系统,该集成系统不仅能有效回收钢铁余热,还能显著提升LAES系统性能。通过建立集成系统的热力学模型,利用仿真计算对集成系统关键参数进行了热力性能敏感性分析和优化,开展了系统热力学分析评价。结果表明:不同有机工质随着有机透平进口温度的升高,其输入功率呈现先减小后增加的趋势,ORC效率和系统往返效率则都表现出先增大后减小的特征,且极值出现在临界温度附近。当热源温度从200℃升高到300℃时,系统输出功率从37.3 MW提升至51.9 MW。在最佳工况下,集成系统的电换电效率为118.66%,热电效率为35.62%。(火用)分析表明,膨胀机、冷却器与汽化器是主要(火用)损失源,需通过设备优化与温差调控进一步提升效率。研究成果可为LAES系统的效率提升和钢铁余热利用技术创新提供了重要的理论参考。
