European air transport network(EATN)and Chinese air transport network(CATN),as two important air transport systems in the world,are facing increasingly spatial hazards,such as extreme weathers and natural disasters. I...European air transport network(EATN)and Chinese air transport network(CATN),as two important air transport systems in the world,are facing increasingly spatial hazards,such as extreme weathers and natural disasters. In order to reflect and compare impact of spatial hazards on the two networks in a practical way,a new spatial vulnerability model(SVM)is proposed in this paper,which analyzes vulnerability of a network system under spatial hazards from the perspectives of network topology and characteristics of hazards. Before introduction of the SVM,two abstract networks for EATN and CATN are established with a simple topological analysis by traditional vulnerability method. Then,the process to study vulnerability of an air transport network under spatial hazards by SVM is presented. Based on it,a comparative case study on EATN and CATN under two representative spatial hazard scenarios,one with an even spatial distribution,named as spatially uniform hazard,and the other with an uneven spatial distribution that takes rainstorm hazard as an example,is conducted. The simulation results show that both of EATN and CATN are robust to spatially uniform hazard,but vulnerable to rainstorm hazard. In the comparison of the results of the two networks that only stands from the points of network topology and characteristics of hazard without considering certain unequal factors,including airspace openness and flight safety importance in Europe and China,EATN is more vulnerable than CATN under rainstorm hazard. This suggests that when the two networks grow to a similar developed level in future,EATN needs to pay more attention to the impact of rainstorm hazard.展开更多
Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to years.This dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system＇s functioning.Understanding the ev...Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to years.This dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system＇s functioning.Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fundamental in order to better design optimal air transport networks that benefits companies,passengers and the environment.In this review,we briefly present and discuss the state-of-the-art on time-evolving air transport networks.We distinguish the structural analysis of sequences of network snapshots,ideal for long-term network evolution（e.g.annual evolution）,and temporal paths,preferred for short-term dynamics（e.g.hourly evolution）.We emphasize that most previous research focused on the first modeling approach（i.e.long-term） whereas only a few studies look at high-resolution temporal paths.We conclude the review highlighting that much research remains to be done,both to apply already available methods and to develop new measures for temporal paths on air transport networks.In particular,we identify that the study of delays,network resilience and optimization of resources（aircraft and crew） are critical topics.展开更多
The Chinese air transport system has witnessed an important evolution in the last decade,with a strong increase in the number of flights operated and a consequent reduction of their punctuality.In this contribution,we...The Chinese air transport system has witnessed an important evolution in the last decade,with a strong increase in the number of flights operated and a consequent reduction of their punctuality.In this contribution,we propose modelling the process of delay propagation by using complex networks,in which nodes are associated to airports,and links between pairs of them are assigned when a delay propagation is detected.Delay time series are analysed through the wellknown Granger Causality,which allows detecting if one time series is causing the dynamics observed in a second one.Results indicate that delays are mostly propagated from small and regional airports,and through flights operated by turbo-prop aircraft,These insights can be used to design strategies for delay propagation dampening,as for instance by including small airports into the system＇s Collaborative Decision Making.展开更多
The air transportation network, one of the common multilayer complex systems, is composed of a collection of individual airlines, and each airline corresponds to a different layer. An important question is then how ma...The air transportation network, one of the common multilayer complex systems, is composed of a collection of individual airlines, and each airline corresponds to a different layer. An important question is then how many airlines are really necessary to represent the optimal structure of a multilayer air transportation system. Here we take the Chinese air transportation network （CATN） as an example to explore the nature of multiplex systems through the procedure of network aggregation. Specifically, we propose a series of structural measures to characterize the CATN from the multilayered to the aggregated network level. We show how these measures evolve during the network aggregation process in which layers are gradually merged together and find that there is an evident structural transition that happened in the aggregated network with nine randomly chosen airlines merged, where the network features and construction cost of this network are almost equivalent to those of the present CATN with twenty-two airlines under this condition. These findings could shed some light on network structure optimization and management of the Chinese air transportation system.展开更多
To increase airspace capacity, alleviate flight delay,and improve network robustness, an optimization method of multi-layer air transportation networks is put forward based on Laplacian energy maximization. The effect...To increase airspace capacity, alleviate flight delay,and improve network robustness, an optimization method of multi-layer air transportation networks is put forward based on Laplacian energy maximization. The effectiveness of taking Laplacian energy as a measure of network robustness is validated through numerical experiments. The flight routes addition optimization model is proposed with the principle of maximizing Laplacian energy. Three methods including the depth-first search( DFS) algorithm, greedy algorithm and Monte-Carlo tree search( MCTS) algorithm are applied to solve the proposed problem. The trade-off between system performance and computational efficiency is compared through simulation experiments. Finally, a case study on Chinese airport network( CAN) is conducted using the proposed model. Through encapsulating it into multi-layer infrastructure via k-core decomposition algorithm, Laplacian energy maximization for the sub-networks is discussed which can provide a useful tool for the decision-makers to optimize the robustness of the air transportation network on different scales.展开更多
This research applies network structuring theories to the aviation domain and predicts aviation network growth, considering a flight connection between airports as a link between nodes. Our link prediction approach is...This research applies network structuring theories to the aviation domain and predicts aviation network growth, considering a flight connection between airports as a link between nodes. Our link prediction approach is based on network structure information, and to improve prediction accuracy, it is necessary to estimate the mechanism of aviation network growth. This research critically evaluates the prediction accuracy of two methods: the receiver operating characteristic curve method (ROC) and the logistic regression method. We propose a four-step method to evaluate the relative predictive accuracy among different link prediction methods. A case study of US aviation networks indicated that the ROC method provided better prediction accuracy compared with the logistic regression method. This result suggests that tuning of the prediction distribution and the regression model coefficients can further improve the accuracy of the logistic regression method.展开更多
Due to rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we sy...Due to rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we systematically explore the robustness of the Chinese air route network, and identify the vital edges which form the backbone of Chinese air transportation system.Specifically, we employ a memetic algorithm to minimize the network robustness after removing certain edges, and hence the solution of this model is the set of vital edges. Counterintuitively,our results show that the most vital edges are not necessarily the edges of the highest topological importance, for which we provide an extensive explanation from the microscope view. Our findings also offer new insights to understanding and optimizing other real-world network systems.展开更多
The multilayered structure of the European airport network（EAN）,composed of connections and flights between European cities,is analyzed through the k-core decomposition of the connections network.This decomposition ...The multilayered structure of the European airport network（EAN）,composed of connections and flights between European cities,is analyzed through the k-core decomposition of the connections network.This decomposition allows to identify the core,bridge and periphery layers of the EAN.The core layer includes the best-connected cities,which include important business air traffic destinations.The periphery layer includes cities with lesser connections,which serve low populated areas where air travel is an economic alternative.The remaining cities form the bridge of the EAN,including important leisure travel origins and destinations.The multilayered structure of the EAN affects network robustness,as the EAN is more robust to isolation of nodes of the core,than to the isolation of a combination of core and bridge nodes.展开更多
Resilience is the ability of a system to withstand and stay operational in the face of an unexpected disturbance or unpredicted changes. Recent studies on air transport system resilience focus on topology characterist...Resilience is the ability of a system to withstand and stay operational in the face of an unexpected disturbance or unpredicted changes. Recent studies on air transport system resilience focus on topology characteristics after the disturbance and measure the robustness of the network with respect to connectivity. The dynamic processes occurring at the node and link levels are often ignored. Here we analyze airport network resilience by considering both structural and dynamical aspects. We develop a simulation model to study the operational performance of the air transport system when airports operate at degraded capacity rather than completely shutting down. Our analyses show that the system deteriorates soon after disruptive events occur but returns to an acceptable level after a period of time. Static resilience of the airport network is captured by a phase transition in which a small change to airport capacity will result in a sharp change in system punctuality. After the phase transition point, decreasing airport capacity has little impact on system performance. Critical airports which have significant influence on the performance of whole system are identified, and we find that some of these cannot be detected based on the analysis of network structural indicators alone. Our work shows that air transport system’s resilience can be well understood by combining network science and operational dynamics.展开更多
The air route network, which supports all the flight activities of the civil aviation, is the most fundamental infrastructure of air traffic management system. In this paper, we study the Chinese air route network （C...The air route network, which supports all the flight activities of the civil aviation, is the most fundamental infrastructure of air traffic management system. In this paper, we study the Chinese air route network （CARN） within the framework of complex networks. We find that CARN is a geographical network possessing exponential degree distribution, low clustering coefficient, large shortest path length and exponential spatial distance distribution that is obviously different from that of the Chinese airport network （CAN）. Besides, via investigating the flight data from 2002 to 2010, we demonstrate that the topology structure of CARN is homogeneous, howbeit the distribution of flight flow on CARN is rather heterogeneous. In addition, the traffic on CARN keeps growing in an exponential form and the increasing speed of west China is remarkably larger than that of east China. Our work will be helpful to better understand Chinese air traffic systems.展开更多
Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21 st century.This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view,with focus on attackin...Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21 st century.This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view,with focus on attacking strategies in the airport network,i.e.,to remove airports from the system and see what could affect the air traffic system from a passenger＇s perspective.Specifically,we identify commonalities and differences between several robustness measures and attacking strategies,proposing a novel notion of functional robustness：unaffected passengers with rerouting.We apply twelve attacking strategies to the worldwide airport network with three weights,and evaluate three robustness measures.We find that degree and Bonacich based attacks harm passenger weighted network most.Our evaluation is geared toward a unified view on air transportation network attack and serves as a foundation on how to develop effective mitigation strategies.展开更多
With the rapid development of air transportation, network service ability has attracted a lot of attention in academe. Aiming to improve the throughput of the air route network （ARN）, we propose an effective local d...With the rapid development of air transportation, network service ability has attracted a lot of attention in academe. Aiming to improve the throughput of the air route network （ARN）, we propose an effective local dynamic routing strategy in this paper. Several factors, such as the rout- ing distance, the geographical distance and the real-time local traffic, are taken into consideration. When the ARN is in the normal free-flow state, the proposed strategy can recover the shortest path routing （SPR） strategy. When the ARN undergoes congestion, the proposed strategy changes the paths of flights based on the real-time local traffic information. The throughput of the Chinese air route network （CARN） is evaluated. Results confirm that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the throughput of CARN. Meanwhile, the increase in the average flying distance and time is tiny. Results also indicate the importance of the distance related factors in a routing strategy designed for the ARN.展开更多
The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines,as well as for carrying out market research,to establish target markets,...The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines,as well as for carrying out market research,to establish target markets,and for aircraft and crew rostering.In addition,optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs.The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network,composed of three types of airplanes(network and vehicle integrated design).The network profit is maximized.The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model.An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations.The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm.A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted.An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis.The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.展开更多
Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network evolution.In order to understand the different roles airp...Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network evolution.In order to understand the different roles airports can play in the network an integrated and multidimensional approach is needed.Therefore,an approach to airport classification through hierarchical clustering considering several parameters from network theory is presented in this paper.By applying a 29 year record of global flight data and calculating the conditional transition probabilities the results are displayed as an evolution graph similar to a discrete-time Markov chain.With this analytical concept the meaning of airports is analyzed from a network perspective and a new airport taxonomy is established.The presented methodology allows tracking the development of airports from certain categories into others over time.Results show that airports of equal classes run through similar stages of development with a limited number of alternatives,indicating clear evolutionary patterns.Apart from giving an overview of the results the paper illustrates the exact data-driven approach and suggests an evaluation scheme.The methodology can help the public and industry sector to make informed strategy decisions when it comes to air transportation infrastructure.展开更多
The topological structure of the air transport network is complex and can be analyzed with different approaches,measures and perspectives.In this study a dynamic network analysis is utilized and an additional function...The topological structure of the air transport network is complex and can be analyzed with different approaches,measures and perspectives.In this study a dynamic network analysis is utilized and an additional functional layer,passenger flows,is defined to analyze the flow of connectivity.Therefore,the approach provides additional and differentiated results to assess the European air transport network.The study is based on a time series of monthly European demand and schedule data for the years 2010-2023.This makes the study relevant for the recent evaluation of the European air transport network.The study aims to measure the connectivity of the intra-European network and how this connectivity changes over time.The view on connectivity is extended from accessibility and connectivity to two additional perspectives,competition and robustness.The flow of connec-tivity is assessed using dynamic network analysis,which identifies trends,standard deviation and mean absolute change.This allows comparison of the entire network over time as well as comparisons between airports.This paper introduces a framework that integrates and categorizes a broad range of network analysis measures.It provides a foundation for future developments and practical applications across diverse use cases and other networks.The study demonstrates that the connectivity of the network undergoes changes over time,both in terms of trend and in terms of similarity between airports,with differences evident in the four different perspectives.The accessibility among airports is becoming more uniform,indicating a convergence in connectivity measures.At the same time,airports are becoming increasingly interconnected with less relative importance of hubs.How-ever,the passenger utilization becomes more diverse.Competition among airports has been steadily increasing.Additionally,there is a correlation between demand,competition,and the network’s structure.In less competitive markets,there are fewer travelers and reduced capacity,and airports often exhibit weaker centrality within the network.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0823706-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.3122019057).
文摘European air transport network(EATN)and Chinese air transport network(CATN),as two important air transport systems in the world,are facing increasingly spatial hazards,such as extreme weathers and natural disasters. In order to reflect and compare impact of spatial hazards on the two networks in a practical way,a new spatial vulnerability model(SVM)is proposed in this paper,which analyzes vulnerability of a network system under spatial hazards from the perspectives of network topology and characteristics of hazards. Before introduction of the SVM,two abstract networks for EATN and CATN are established with a simple topological analysis by traditional vulnerability method. Then,the process to study vulnerability of an air transport network under spatial hazards by SVM is presented. Based on it,a comparative case study on EATN and CATN under two representative spatial hazard scenarios,one with an even spatial distribution,named as spatially uniform hazard,and the other with an uneven spatial distribution that takes rainstorm hazard as an example,is conducted. The simulation results show that both of EATN and CATN are robust to spatially uniform hazard,but vulnerable to rainstorm hazard. In the comparison of the results of the two networks that only stands from the points of network topology and characteristics of hazard without considering certain unequal factors,including airspace openness and flight safety importance in Europe and China,EATN is more vulnerable than CATN under rainstorm hazard. This suggests that when the two networks grow to a similar developed level in future,EATN needs to pay more attention to the impact of rainstorm hazard.
基金supported by the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique-FNRS
文摘Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to years.This dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system＇s functioning.Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fundamental in order to better design optimal air transport networks that benefits companies,passengers and the environment.In this review,we briefly present and discuss the state-of-the-art on time-evolving air transport networks.We distinguish the structural analysis of sequences of network snapshots,ideal for long-term network evolution（e.g.annual evolution）,and temporal paths,preferred for short-term dynamics（e.g.hourly evolution）.We emphasize that most previous research focused on the first modeling approach（i.e.long-term） whereas only a few studies look at high-resolution temporal paths.We conclude the review highlighting that much research remains to be done,both to apply already available methods and to develop new measures for temporal paths on air transport networks.In particular,we identify that the study of delays,network resilience and optimization of resources（aircraft and crew） are critical topics.
文摘The Chinese air transport system has witnessed an important evolution in the last decade,with a strong increase in the number of flights operated and a consequent reduction of their punctuality.In this contribution,we propose modelling the process of delay propagation by using complex networks,in which nodes are associated to airports,and links between pairs of them are assigned when a delay propagation is detected.Delay time series are analysed through the wellknown Granger Causality,which allows detecting if one time series is causing the dynamics observed in a second one.Results indicate that delays are mostly propagated from small and regional airports,and through flights operated by turbo-prop aircraft,These insights can be used to design strategies for delay propagation dampening,as for instance by including small airports into the system＇s Collaborative Decision Making.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11405118,11401448 and 11301403
文摘The air transportation network, one of the common multilayer complex systems, is composed of a collection of individual airlines, and each airline corresponds to a different layer. An important question is then how many airlines are really necessary to represent the optimal structure of a multilayer air transportation system. Here we take the Chinese air transportation network （CATN） as an example to explore the nature of multiplex systems through the procedure of network aggregation. Specifically, we propose a series of structural measures to characterize the CATN from the multilayered to the aggregated network level. We show how these measures evolve during the network aggregation process in which layers are gradually merged together and find that there is an evident structural transition that happened in the aggregated network with nine randomly chosen airlines merged, where the network features and construction cost of this network are almost equivalent to those of the present CATN with twenty-two airlines under this condition. These findings could shed some light on network structure optimization and management of the Chinese air transportation system.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61573098,71401072)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20130814)
文摘To increase airspace capacity, alleviate flight delay,and improve network robustness, an optimization method of multi-layer air transportation networks is put forward based on Laplacian energy maximization. The effectiveness of taking Laplacian energy as a measure of network robustness is validated through numerical experiments. The flight routes addition optimization model is proposed with the principle of maximizing Laplacian energy. Three methods including the depth-first search( DFS) algorithm, greedy algorithm and Monte-Carlo tree search( MCTS) algorithm are applied to solve the proposed problem. The trade-off between system performance and computational efficiency is compared through simulation experiments. Finally, a case study on Chinese airport network( CAN) is conducted using the proposed model. Through encapsulating it into multi-layer infrastructure via k-core decomposition algorithm, Laplacian energy maximization for the sub-networks is discussed which can provide a useful tool for the decision-makers to optimize the robustness of the air transportation network on different scales.
文摘This research applies network structuring theories to the aviation domain and predicts aviation network growth, considering a flight connection between airports as a link between nodes. Our link prediction approach is based on network structure information, and to improve prediction accuracy, it is necessary to estimate the mechanism of aviation network growth. This research critically evaluates the prediction accuracy of two methods: the receiver operating characteristic curve method (ROC) and the logistic regression method. We propose a four-step method to evaluate the relative predictive accuracy among different link prediction methods. A case study of US aviation networks indicated that the ROC method provided better prediction accuracy compared with the logistic regression method. This result suggests that tuning of the prediction distribution and the regression model coefficients can further improve the accuracy of the logistic regression method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91538204, 61425014, 61521091)National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB1200100)National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2015BAG15B01)
文摘Due to rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we systematically explore the robustness of the Chinese air route network, and identify the vital edges which form the backbone of Chinese air transportation system.Specifically, we employ a memetic algorithm to minimize the network robustness after removing certain edges, and hence the solution of this model is the set of vital edges. Counterintuitively,our results show that the most vital edges are not necessarily the edges of the highest topological importance, for which we provide an extensive explanation from the microscope view. Our findings also offer new insights to understanding and optimizing other real-world network systems.
文摘The multilayered structure of the European airport network（EAN）,composed of connections and flights between European cities,is analyzed through the k-core decomposition of the connections network.This decomposition allows to identify the core,bridge and periphery layers of the EAN.The core layer includes the best-connected cities,which include important business air traffic destinations.The periphery layer includes cities with lesser connections,which serve low populated areas where air travel is an economic alternative.The remaining cities form the bridge of the EAN,including important leisure travel origins and destinations.The multilayered structure of the EAN affects network robustness,as the EAN is more robust to isolation of nodes of the core,than to the isolation of a combination of core and bridge nodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61773203, U1833126, 61304190)the Open Funds of Graduate Innovation Base (Lab) of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China (No. kfjj20180703)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System and Technology of China (No. SKLATM201707)the Hong Kong Research Grant Council General Research Fund of China (No. 11209717)
文摘Resilience is the ability of a system to withstand and stay operational in the face of an unexpected disturbance or unpredicted changes. Recent studies on air transport system resilience focus on topology characteristics after the disturbance and measure the robustness of the network with respect to connectivity. The dynamic processes occurring at the node and link levels are often ignored. Here we analyze airport network resilience by considering both structural and dynamical aspects. We develop a simulation model to study the operational performance of the air transport system when airports operate at degraded capacity rather than completely shutting down. Our analyses show that the system deteriorates soon after disruptive events occur but returns to an acceptable level after a period of time. Static resilience of the airport network is captured by a phase transition in which a small change to airport capacity will result in a sharp change in system punctuality. After the phase transition point, decreasing airport capacity has little impact on system performance. Critical airports which have significant influence on the performance of whole system are identified, and we find that some of these cannot be detected based on the analysis of network structural indicators alone. Our work shows that air transport system’s resilience can be well understood by combining network science and operational dynamics.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2011CB707004)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60921001)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (Grant No.2011BAH24B02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The air route network, which supports all the flight activities of the civil aviation, is the most fundamental infrastructure of air traffic management system. In this paper, we study the Chinese air route network （CARN） within the framework of complex networks. We find that CARN is a geographical network possessing exponential degree distribution, low clustering coefficient, large shortest path length and exponential spatial distance distribution that is obviously different from that of the Chinese airport network （CAN）. Besides, via investigating the flight data from 2002 to 2010, we demonstrate that the topology structure of CARN is homogeneous, howbeit the distribution of flight flow on CARN is rather heterogeneous. In addition, the traffic on CARN keeps growing in an exponential form and the increasing speed of west China is remarkably larger than that of east China. Our work will be helpful to better understand Chinese air traffic systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61650110516,61601013 and 61521091)
文摘Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21 st century.This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view,with focus on attacking strategies in the airport network,i.e.,to remove airports from the system and see what could affect the air traffic system from a passenger＇s perspective.Specifically,we identify commonalities and differences between several robustness measures and attacking strategies,proposing a novel notion of functional robustness：unaffected passengers with rerouting.We apply twelve attacking strategies to the worldwide airport network with three weights,and evaluate three robustness measures.We find that degree and Bonacich based attacks harm passenger weighted network most.Our evaluation is geared toward a unified view on air transportation network attack and serves as a foundation on how to develop effective mitigation strategies.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB707000)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61221061)
文摘With the rapid development of air transportation, network service ability has attracted a lot of attention in academe. Aiming to improve the throughput of the air route network （ARN）, we propose an effective local dynamic routing strategy in this paper. Several factors, such as the rout- ing distance, the geographical distance and the real-time local traffic, are taken into consideration. When the ARN is in the normal free-flow state, the proposed strategy can recover the shortest path routing （SPR） strategy. When the ARN undergoes congestion, the proposed strategy changes the paths of flights based on the real-time local traffic information. The throughput of the Chinese air route network （CARN） is evaluated. Results confirm that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the throughput of CARN. Meanwhile, the increase in the average flying distance and time is tiny. Results also indicate the importance of the distance related factors in a routing strategy designed for the ARN.
文摘The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines,as well as for carrying out market research,to establish target markets,and for aircraft and crew rostering.In addition,optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs.The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network,composed of three types of airplanes(network and vehicle integrated design).The network profit is maximized.The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model.An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations.The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm.A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted.An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis.The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation through the graduate school 1343the former European Center for Aviation Development -ECAD GmbH
文摘Analyzing airports＇ role in global air transportation and monitoring their development over time provides an additional perspective on the dynamics of network evolution.In order to understand the different roles airports can play in the network an integrated and multidimensional approach is needed.Therefore,an approach to airport classification through hierarchical clustering considering several parameters from network theory is presented in this paper.By applying a 29 year record of global flight data and calculating the conditional transition probabilities the results are displayed as an evolution graph similar to a discrete-time Markov chain.With this analytical concept the meaning of airports is analyzed from a network perspective and a new airport taxonomy is established.The presented methodology allows tracking the development of airports from certain categories into others over time.Results show that airports of equal classes run through similar stages of development with a limited number of alternatives,indicating clear evolutionary patterns.Apart from giving an overview of the results the paper illustrates the exact data-driven approach and suggests an evaluation scheme.The methodology can help the public and industry sector to make informed strategy decisions when it comes to air transportation infrastructure.
文摘The topological structure of the air transport network is complex and can be analyzed with different approaches,measures and perspectives.In this study a dynamic network analysis is utilized and an additional functional layer,passenger flows,is defined to analyze the flow of connectivity.Therefore,the approach provides additional and differentiated results to assess the European air transport network.The study is based on a time series of monthly European demand and schedule data for the years 2010-2023.This makes the study relevant for the recent evaluation of the European air transport network.The study aims to measure the connectivity of the intra-European network and how this connectivity changes over time.The view on connectivity is extended from accessibility and connectivity to two additional perspectives,competition and robustness.The flow of connec-tivity is assessed using dynamic network analysis,which identifies trends,standard deviation and mean absolute change.This allows comparison of the entire network over time as well as comparisons between airports.This paper introduces a framework that integrates and categorizes a broad range of network analysis measures.It provides a foundation for future developments and practical applications across diverse use cases and other networks.The study demonstrates that the connectivity of the network undergoes changes over time,both in terms of trend and in terms of similarity between airports,with differences evident in the four different perspectives.The accessibility among airports is becoming more uniform,indicating a convergence in connectivity measures.At the same time,airports are becoming increasingly interconnected with less relative importance of hubs.How-ever,the passenger utilization becomes more diverse.Competition among airports has been steadily increasing.Additionally,there is a correlation between demand,competition,and the network’s structure.In less competitive markets,there are fewer travelers and reduced capacity,and airports often exhibit weaker centrality within the network.
