We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angl...We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.展开更多
The maximal entropy ordered weighted averaging （ME-OWA） operator is used to aggregate metasearch engine results, and its newly analytical solution is also applied. Within the current context of the OWA operator, the...The maximal entropy ordered weighted averaging （ME-OWA） operator is used to aggregate metasearch engine results, and its newly analytical solution is also applied. Within the current context of the OWA operator, the methods for aggregating metasearch engine results are divided into two kinds. One has a unique solution, and the other has multiple solutions. The proposed method not only has crisp weights, but also provides multiple aggregation results for decision makers to choose from. In order to prove the application of the ME-OWA operator method, under the context of aggregating metasearch engine results, an example is given, which shows the results obtained by the ME-OWA operator method and the minimax linear programming （ minimax-LP ） method. Comparison between these two methods are also made. The results show that the ME-OWA operator has nearly the same aggregation results as those of the minimax-LP method.展开更多
Genetic engineering in filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacteria usually involves Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and several other non-aggregating species. Mass culture and harvest of such species are more energy consuming relative ...Genetic engineering in filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacteria usually involves Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and several other non-aggregating species. Mass culture and harvest of such species are more energy consuming relative to aggregating species. To establish a gene transfer system for aggregating species, we tested many species of Anabaena and Nostoc, and identified Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 as a species that can be genetically manipulated using the conjugative gene transfer system. To promote biodegradation of organophosphorus pollutants in aquatic environments, we introduced a plasmid containing the organophosphorus-degradation gene （opd） into Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 by conjugation. The opd gene was driven by a strong promoter, Pp,bA. From both species, we obtained transgenic strains having organophosphorus-degradation activities. At 25~C, the whole-cell activities of the transgenic Anabaena and Nostoc strains were 0.163~0.001 and 0.289~0.042 unit/gg Chl a, respectively. However, most colonies resulting from the gene transfer showed no activity. PCR and DNA sequencing revealed deletions or rearrangements in the plasmid in some of the colonies. Expression of the green fluorescent protein gene from the same promoter in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 showed similar results. These results suggest that there is the potential to promote the degradation of organophosphorus pollutants with transgenic cyanobacteria and that selection of high-expression transgenic colonies is important for genetic engineering of Anabaena and Nostoc species. For the first time, we established a gene transfer and expression system in an aggregating filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacterium. The genetic manipulation system of Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 could be utilized in the elimination of pollutants and large-scale production of valuable proteins or metabolites.展开更多
The coaggregating behavior of the cationic kinetic probe P16;with different types of surfactants are in complete agreement with predictions based on the newly proposed ESAg concept.
Marine fisheries in Kenya mainly comprise of the artisanal fishermen who use non-motorized boats. Competition of these dwindling resources has led to overfishing and degradation of coral reef ecosystems. One of the me...Marine fisheries in Kenya mainly comprise of the artisanal fishermen who use non-motorized boats. Competition of these dwindling resources has led to overfishing and degradation of coral reef ecosystems. One of the methods which have been used to enhance sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources is the use of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs). The study was conducted in two areas along the Kenyan coast which are: Msambweni in the southern part and Kuruwitu (Vipingo) in the northern part of the Kenyan coast. A combination of systematic site surveys: structured and semi structured interviews with key informants (community leaders and resource users);participant observations;descriptions of daily and seasonal time use;and analyses of secondary sources, such as fisheries records, was used to gather information and triangulate results. The perception of the community about FADs was determined by conducting a socio-economic survey before and after deploying FADs. Colonization and biomass survey around the deployed FADs was undertaken and fish associated with FADs was recorded. Results indicate that nine families of fish aggregated around FADs and at different distances. Catch and effort at FADs have been evaluated by monitoring catch data from fishers on daily basis after deployments.展开更多
The influence on fine particle aggregation and flotation behavior induced by high intensity conditioning(HIC) from saturated of the slurry with CO2 saturation was investigated.Bubble size measurements were conducted.T...The influence on fine particle aggregation and flotation behavior induced by high intensity conditioning(HIC) from saturated of the slurry with CO2 saturation was investigated.Bubble size measurements were conducted.The effect of dissolved gas,xanthate addition and agitation speed on fine sphalerite particle aggregation-and flotation-behavior were studied.The results show that during HIC in air or CO2 saturated water xanthate acts as a frother.The dissolved gas content in the pulp and HIC play a synergistic role in promoting fine particle aggregation and hence flotation;a significantly enhanced aggregation of fine sphalerite particles in a CO2 saturated slurry by HIC is observed.The aggregate size increased when the agitation speed was increased from 700 r/min to 1500 r/min.Increasing the HIC speed to 1500 r/min caused a positive impact on flotation kinetics.Further increasing the speed to 2000 r/min resulted in an adverse effect on flotation kinetics.展开更多
The aggregating properties of Cz-C-n (n = 3, 6, 10) have been investigated by means of fluorescence method in DMSO-H2O binary solvent. The measured CAC and C F values indicate that the aggregating tendency of the amp...The aggregating properties of Cz-C-n (n = 3, 6, 10) have been investigated by means of fluorescence method in DMSO-H2O binary solvent. The measured CAC and C F values indicate that the aggregating tendency of the amphiphilic compounds Cz-C-n containing crown ether increases with the length of alkyl chains, similar to that of carbazole compounds with long alkyl chains.展开更多
At first sight, the choice of a socially best economic policy and the choice of an optimal engineering design seem to be quite separate issues. A closer look, however, shows that both approaches which aim at generatin...At first sight, the choice of a socially best economic policy and the choice of an optimal engineering design seem to be quite separate issues. A closer look, however, shows that both approaches which aim at generating a (set of) best alternative(s) have much in common. We describe and characterize axiomatically an aggregation method that uses a set of evaluations that are arranged on a common scale. This scale establishes a common language, so to speak, which conforms to the criteria that are deemed relevant in order to compare various design options. Two conditions are able to characterize the proposed aggregation mechanism. One is a simple dominance requirement, and the other called cancellation independence makes use of the fact that for any pair of objects, rank differences of opposite sign can be reduced without changing the aggregate outcome of the ranking procedure. The proposed method has its origin in voting theory but may have the potential to prove useful in engineering design as well.展开更多
Up to now,aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)have been widely used for fluorescence sensing,respectively.In our study,we covalently linked cyanine dye and 2-cyanobenzothiazole(CBT)to...Up to now,aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)have been widely used for fluorescence sensing,respectively.In our study,we covalently linked cyanine dye and 2-cyanobenzothiazole(CBT)to construct fluorescent probe NPCS.Through spectroscopic testing,it was found that the probe itself has both AIE and ACQ behavior.And these acts are borne by CBT and cyanine(CY)respectively.In this study,it was found that glutathione(GSH)showed aggregation and disaggregation effects on two parts of the probe,namely:low concentration of GSH mainly aggravated AIE,and high concentration of GSH disaggregated ACQ of the probe,both of which led to fluorescence enhancement effect and achieved turn-on fluorescence detection of high and low concentrations of GSH.Cysteine(Cys),on the other hand,can undergo a click reaction with the cyano group to generate a stable fluorescent signal.Since Cys does not have the ability to disaggregate,the probe can achieve non-competitive discrimination detection of Cys and GSH.Real-time discriminatory detection of changes in Cys and GSH levels was demonstrated in living cells.The results of this study provide a new perspective for the development of emerging recognition mechanisms and multi-functionality of probes.展开更多
Many architectural research studies have focused on creating new materials to reduce the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources,achieve sustainable development,and reduce carbon emissions.Desert sand(DS)has a...Many architectural research studies have focused on creating new materials to reduce the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources,achieve sustainable development,and reduce carbon emissions.Desert sand(DS)has attracted interest from researchers who have conducted numerous experimental investigations as a possible replacement for river sand.The idea of utilising DS in place of natural fine aggregates in construction has been demonstrated in the literature.However,to analyse and gain confidence in using DS in concrete,a thorough study of its various properties is needed.Therefore,this study addresses the morphological,chemical,and physical characteristics of DS from multiple perspectives.This review presents a study on the durability of desert sand concrete(DSC)and the use of DS cement-based products,and highlights investigations on the design of mix proportions and fresh and hardened properties of DSC.Research issues are emerging around the use of DS in engineered cementitious composites(ECC)materials and the investigation of desert sand powder(DSP)as mineral admixtures.Many issues need to be resolved quickly,which is crucial for the use of DS.In summary,research on DS is still in its early stages,and no systematic research results have been obtained at present.This review makes several recommendations and attempts to explain why DS will likely be widely used as a building material in the future.展开更多
Raman imaging,as a molecular spectroscopy technique,has been widely studied and applied in research fields such as life sciences and food safety due to its excellent specificity and high resolution.However,its develop...Raman imaging,as a molecular spectroscopy technique,has been widely studied and applied in research fields such as life sciences and food safety due to its excellent specificity and high resolution.However,its development still faces challenges such as weak signals,slow acquisition speed,and insufficient penetration depth.In recent years,the rapid development of aggregate science has provided new insights for addressing these limitations.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials exhibit enhanced signals in the aggregated state,which may compensate for the inherent weak Raman signals.This article reviews the cutting-edge progress of Raman imaging technology and its current status in cross-disciplinary research with aggregate science,emphasizing the strategy of constructing AIE-Raman dual-responsive probes through molecular engineering to achieve functional complementarity between fluorescence localization and Raman quantification,thereby significantly improving detection sensitivity and specificity.These probes have demonstrated single-cell resolution and high spatiotemporal accuracy in applications such as tumor surgical navigation,diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant bacteria,and dynamic monitoring of organelles.We also analyze the bottlenecks in this field,such as biological safety and the complexity of molecular design,and outline the future development directions,including intelligent responsive probes,artificial intelligence-assisted analysis,and multimodal fusion platforms.The integration of Raman imaging and AIE sheds new light in the field of medical imaging.展开更多
The aggregating process of particle suspension systems is a very universal phenomena and crucial for various processes both in nature and in industry.In this paper,the aggregating process was simulated with offlattice...The aggregating process of particle suspension systems is a very universal phenomena and crucial for various processes both in nature and in industry.In this paper,the aggregating process was simulated with offlattice diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation(DLCA)Monte Carlo programs.The self-similar fractal structures of aggregates have been clearly demonstrated by the statistical analysis of gyration radius distribution and the existence of a scaling distribution of the reduced cluster size.The fractal dimension determined from the relationship between mass and gyration radius of aggregates was 1.80 or so.The fractal dimension of the aggregates drawn from the radial distribution function and structure factor of a single aggregate is about 1.90-2.10.It was also showed that,along with the increasing of particle volume fraction,the fractal dimension will increase in a nearly square root manner,and the spatial range of the fractal structure appearing becomes narrower.Also,the gelation transition can only occur in a particle suspension system where the particle volume fraction is greater than a critical value.展开更多
In modern construction,Lightweight Aggregate Concrete(LWAC)has been recognized as a vital material of concern because of its unique properties,such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation.Despite the extens...In modern construction,Lightweight Aggregate Concrete(LWAC)has been recognized as a vital material of concern because of its unique properties,such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation.Despite the extensive knowledge regarding its macroscopic properties,there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the influence of microscale parameters like aggregate porosity and volume ratio on the mechanical response of LWAC.This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap,spurred by the need to enhance the predictability and applicability of LWAC in various construction environments.With the help of advanced numerical methods,including the finite element method and a random circular aggregate model,this study critically evaluates the role played by these microscale factors.We found that an increase in the aggregate porosity from 23.5%to 48.5%leads to a drastic change of weakness from the bonding interface to the aggregate,reducing compressive strength by up to 24.2%and tensile strength by 27.8%.Similarly,the increase in the volume ratio of lightweight aggregate from 25%to 40%leads to a reduction in compressive strength by 13.0%and tensile strength by 9.23%.These results highlight the imperative role of microscale properties on the mechanical properties of LWAC.By supplying precise quantitative details on the effect of porosity and aggregate volume ratio,this research makes significant contributions to construction materials science by providing useful recommendations for the creation and optimization of LWAC with improved performance and sustainability in construction.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic,age-related disorders characterized by a relentless,irreversible,and selective loss of neurons in motor,sensory,or cognitive systems(Gao et al.,2019).Despite their heterogeneity,...Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic,age-related disorders characterized by a relentless,irreversible,and selective loss of neurons in motor,sensory,or cognitive systems(Gao et al.,2019).Despite their heterogeneity,a common pathological feature across many of these diseases is the accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins.Particularly,the cytoplasmic aggregation in neurons of the Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43).展开更多
To explore mix proportion design of RAC with aggregates tightly packed,the dry and wet packing density of recycled coarse aggregates mixture system and recycled coarse and fine aggregates were tested,then the influenc...To explore mix proportion design of RAC with aggregates tightly packed,the dry and wet packing density of recycled coarse aggregates mixture system and recycled coarse and fine aggregates were tested,then the influence of replacement rate and particle size ratio on the packing density of particle system was explored,the packing density prediction model of recycled coarse aggregates based on particle morphology was constructed,and the mix proportion optimization for recycled aggregate concrete with dry-wet packing model was carried out.The experimental results show that,with the increasing of recycled aggregate replacement rate or fine-grained volume ratio,the dry packing density of recycled coarse aggregates decreases gradually.With the increasing of replacement rate,the particle gradation can be optimized by increasing coarsegrained volume ratio.There is a significant effect for particle morphology parameter K and the particle size ratio on the packing density of the binary mixed system,and the packing density prediction model of recycled coarse aggregates based on particle morphology was constructed.The maximum increase in compressive strength and tensile strength of RAC with mix proportion optimized by the dry-wet packing model are 12.94%and 11.09%,and the cementitious materials is reduced by 21.83%,then the superiority of the mix proportion optimization of RAC with the dry-wet close packing model is confirmed.The results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the mix proportion design of RAC.展开更多
To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),base...To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),based on the strain equivalence principle and the assumption that microelement strength follows a Weibull statistical distribution.The proposed model incorporates the Drucker-Prager failure criterion.By examining the influence of Weibull distribution parameters m and S_(0)on the stress-strain response,empirical relationships were established between the fine aggregate replacement ratio and the distribution parameters.This enabled the derivation of a theoretical stress-strain curve accounting for variable recycled fine aggragate(RFA)replacement ratios.The experimental results show that the proposed model exhibits high agreement with measured data and effectively captures the increased brittleness of PRFAC with higher RFA replacement ratios.Moreover,increasing the replacement rate accelerates internal crack propagation,reduces deformability and toughness,and significantly hastens the accumulation of internal damage in PRFAC.展开更多
Freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs)have an important effect on soil aggregate stability by altering soil structures,thereby influencing soil wind and water erosion on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,the effects of FTCs...Freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs)have an important effect on soil aggregate stability by altering soil structures,thereby influencing soil wind and water erosion on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,the effects of FTCs on the stability of these soils remain unclear.Here,we conducted freeze-thaw simulations in laboratory to investigate the effects of FTCs(0 to 15 cycles)on the wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability of undisturbed sandy loam from Maqu county,which was treated with different initial soil moisture contents(1%to 25%in increments of 4%)and initial aggregate diameters(<2,2-5,5-10,and 10-15 mm).Results show that soil aggregates with initial diameters larger than 2 mm exhibit higher soil organic carbon contents(1.45%-1.57%)and silt contents(34.63%-35.52%)than those smaller than 2 mm(0.93%and 31.38%,respectively).The stability of both wet-and dry-sieving aggregates increases with larger initial diameters.Increasing initial soil moisture content from 1%to 25%reduces aggregate stability,with reductions of 2.4%-88.0%for wet-sieving aggregates and 2.1%-25.5%for dry-sieving aggregates(>2 mm).With increasing FTCs,wet-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability exhibits a fluctuating upward trend,with increases of 79.2%-87.4%after 15 FTCs,while dry-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability decreases significantly(5.7%-21.7%)upon the first FTC and remains unchanged thereafter.The stability of both the wet-and dry-sieving aggregates smaller than 2 mm remains unchanged with increasing FTCs(p>0.05).SOC content decreases by 22.3%on average with increasing FTCs from 1 to 15 and shows no significant correlations with wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability.Higher silt content(r=0.39,p<0.05)and lower sand content(r=-0.38,p<0.05)enhances the wet-sieving aggregate stability of sandy loam.Frequent FTCs tend to improve wet-sieving aggregate stability but reduce dry-sieving aggregate stability in the sandy loam.The findings provide certain guidance for preventing freeze-thaw-induced wind erosion.展开更多
Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et a...Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.展开更多
With the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy,flexible resources are highly needed to hedge the growing uncertainty,and variability in the power system.Demand response has served as a cost-effective typ...With the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy,flexible resources are highly needed to hedge the growing uncertainty,and variability in the power system.Demand response has served as a cost-effective type of flexible resource in recent years.In order to balance the uncertainty of the system,it is crucial to assess how much flexibility demand response programs can provide.Thus,forecasting demand response potential is important for the operation of the bulk system.This paper proposes a modeling approach that can characterize the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response so that not only the power potential but also temporal-coupling characteristics can be considered.Furthermore,a day-ahead demand response potential forecasting method is proposed using deep convolutional generative adversarial networks.The proposed forecasting method is tested using data from 170 users in Pecan Street Dataport.The results show that the proposed method can forecast the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response with high accuracy.展开更多
文摘We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71171048)
文摘The maximal entropy ordered weighted averaging （ME-OWA） operator is used to aggregate metasearch engine results, and its newly analytical solution is also applied. Within the current context of the OWA operator, the methods for aggregating metasearch engine results are divided into two kinds. One has a unique solution, and the other has multiple solutions. The proposed method not only has crisp weights, but also provides multiple aggregation results for decision makers to choose from. In order to prove the application of the ME-OWA operator method, under the context of aggregating metasearch engine results, an example is given, which shows the results obtained by the ME-OWA operator method and the minimax linear programming （ minimax-LP ） method. Comparison between these two methods are also made. The results show that the ME-OWA operator has nearly the same aggregation results as those of the minimax-LP method.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2002AA601170)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30623001)
文摘Genetic engineering in filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacteria usually involves Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and several other non-aggregating species. Mass culture and harvest of such species are more energy consuming relative to aggregating species. To establish a gene transfer system for aggregating species, we tested many species of Anabaena and Nostoc, and identified Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 as a species that can be genetically manipulated using the conjugative gene transfer system. To promote biodegradation of organophosphorus pollutants in aquatic environments, we introduced a plasmid containing the organophosphorus-degradation gene （opd） into Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 by conjugation. The opd gene was driven by a strong promoter, Pp,bA. From both species, we obtained transgenic strains having organophosphorus-degradation activities. At 25~C, the whole-cell activities of the transgenic Anabaena and Nostoc strains were 0.163~0.001 and 0.289~0.042 unit/gg Chl a, respectively. However, most colonies resulting from the gene transfer showed no activity. PCR and DNA sequencing revealed deletions or rearrangements in the plasmid in some of the colonies. Expression of the green fluorescent protein gene from the same promoter in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 showed similar results. These results suggest that there is the potential to promote the degradation of organophosphorus pollutants with transgenic cyanobacteria and that selection of high-expression transgenic colonies is important for genetic engineering of Anabaena and Nostoc species. For the first time, we established a gene transfer and expression system in an aggregating filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacterium. The genetic manipulation system of Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 could be utilized in the elimination of pollutants and large-scale production of valuable proteins or metabolites.
文摘The coaggregating behavior of the cationic kinetic probe P16;with different types of surfactants are in complete agreement with predictions based on the newly proposed ESAg concept.
文摘Marine fisheries in Kenya mainly comprise of the artisanal fishermen who use non-motorized boats. Competition of these dwindling resources has led to overfishing and degradation of coral reef ecosystems. One of the methods which have been used to enhance sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources is the use of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs). The study was conducted in two areas along the Kenyan coast which are: Msambweni in the southern part and Kuruwitu (Vipingo) in the northern part of the Kenyan coast. A combination of systematic site surveys: structured and semi structured interviews with key informants (community leaders and resource users);participant observations;descriptions of daily and seasonal time use;and analyses of secondary sources, such as fisheries records, was used to gather information and triangulate results. The perception of the community about FADs was determined by conducting a socio-economic survey before and after deploying FADs. Colonization and biomass survey around the deployed FADs was undertaken and fish associated with FADs was recorded. Results indicate that nine families of fish aggregated around FADs and at different distances. Catch and effort at FADs have been evaluated by monitoring catch data from fishers on daily basis after deployments.
基金Project 50674103 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The influence on fine particle aggregation and flotation behavior induced by high intensity conditioning(HIC) from saturated of the slurry with CO2 saturation was investigated.Bubble size measurements were conducted.The effect of dissolved gas,xanthate addition and agitation speed on fine sphalerite particle aggregation-and flotation-behavior were studied.The results show that during HIC in air or CO2 saturated water xanthate acts as a frother.The dissolved gas content in the pulp and HIC play a synergistic role in promoting fine particle aggregation and hence flotation;a significantly enhanced aggregation of fine sphalerite particles in a CO2 saturated slurry by HIC is observed.The aggregate size increased when the agitation speed was increased from 700 r/min to 1500 r/min.Increasing the HIC speed to 1500 r/min caused a positive impact on flotation kinetics.Further increasing the speed to 2000 r/min resulted in an adverse effect on flotation kinetics.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant No. G2000078104 and No. G2000077502) for financial supports.
文摘The aggregating properties of Cz-C-n (n = 3, 6, 10) have been investigated by means of fluorescence method in DMSO-H2O binary solvent. The measured CAC and C F values indicate that the aggregating tendency of the amphiphilic compounds Cz-C-n containing crown ether increases with the length of alkyl chains, similar to that of carbazole compounds with long alkyl chains.
文摘At first sight, the choice of a socially best economic policy and the choice of an optimal engineering design seem to be quite separate issues. A closer look, however, shows that both approaches which aim at generating a (set of) best alternative(s) have much in common. We describe and characterize axiomatically an aggregation method that uses a set of evaluations that are arranged on a common scale. This scale establishes a common language, so to speak, which conforms to the criteria that are deemed relevant in order to compare various design options. Two conditions are able to characterize the proposed aggregation mechanism. One is a simple dominance requirement, and the other called cancellation independence makes use of the fact that for any pair of objects, rank differences of opposite sign can be reduced without changing the aggregate outcome of the ranking procedure. The proposed method has its origin in voting theory but may have the potential to prove useful in engineering design as well.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22207069,22477074)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation(No.202203021221009)Shanxi Province science and technology activities for overseas people selected funding project(No.2024001)。
文摘Up to now,aggregation-induced emission(AIE)and aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)have been widely used for fluorescence sensing,respectively.In our study,we covalently linked cyanine dye and 2-cyanobenzothiazole(CBT)to construct fluorescent probe NPCS.Through spectroscopic testing,it was found that the probe itself has both AIE and ACQ behavior.And these acts are borne by CBT and cyanine(CY)respectively.In this study,it was found that glutathione(GSH)showed aggregation and disaggregation effects on two parts of the probe,namely:low concentration of GSH mainly aggravated AIE,and high concentration of GSH disaggregated ACQ of the probe,both of which led to fluorescence enhancement effect and achieved turn-on fluorescence detection of high and low concentrations of GSH.Cysteine(Cys),on the other hand,can undergo a click reaction with the cyano group to generate a stable fluorescent signal.Since Cys does not have the ability to disaggregate,the probe can achieve non-competitive discrimination detection of Cys and GSH.Real-time discriminatory detection of changes in Cys and GSH levels was demonstrated in living cells.The results of this study provide a new perspective for the development of emerging recognition mechanisms and multi-functionality of probes.
文摘Many architectural research studies have focused on creating new materials to reduce the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources,achieve sustainable development,and reduce carbon emissions.Desert sand(DS)has attracted interest from researchers who have conducted numerous experimental investigations as a possible replacement for river sand.The idea of utilising DS in place of natural fine aggregates in construction has been demonstrated in the literature.However,to analyse and gain confidence in using DS in concrete,a thorough study of its various properties is needed.Therefore,this study addresses the morphological,chemical,and physical characteristics of DS from multiple perspectives.This review presents a study on the durability of desert sand concrete(DSC)and the use of DS cement-based products,and highlights investigations on the design of mix proportions and fresh and hardened properties of DSC.Research issues are emerging around the use of DS in engineered cementitious composites(ECC)materials and the investigation of desert sand powder(DSP)as mineral admixtures.Many issues need to be resolved quickly,which is crucial for the use of DS.In summary,research on DS is still in its early stages,and no systematic research results have been obtained at present.This review makes several recommendations and attempts to explain why DS will likely be widely used as a building material in the future.
文摘Raman imaging,as a molecular spectroscopy technique,has been widely studied and applied in research fields such as life sciences and food safety due to its excellent specificity and high resolution.However,its development still faces challenges such as weak signals,slow acquisition speed,and insufficient penetration depth.In recent years,the rapid development of aggregate science has provided new insights for addressing these limitations.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials exhibit enhanced signals in the aggregated state,which may compensate for the inherent weak Raman signals.This article reviews the cutting-edge progress of Raman imaging technology and its current status in cross-disciplinary research with aggregate science,emphasizing the strategy of constructing AIE-Raman dual-responsive probes through molecular engineering to achieve functional complementarity between fluorescence localization and Raman quantification,thereby significantly improving detection sensitivity and specificity.These probes have demonstrated single-cell resolution and high spatiotemporal accuracy in applications such as tumor surgical navigation,diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant bacteria,and dynamic monitoring of organelles.We also analyze the bottlenecks in this field,such as biological safety and the complexity of molecular design,and outline the future development directions,including intelligent responsive probes,artificial intelligence-assisted analysis,and multimodal fusion platforms.The integration of Raman imaging and AIE sheds new light in the field of medical imaging.
基金the Foundation of Key Laboratory of National Defense Science and Technology of Plasma Physics,China(No.9140C6806020707)the Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(No.2007B08008)for the support.
文摘The aggregating process of particle suspension systems is a very universal phenomena and crucial for various processes both in nature and in industry.In this paper,the aggregating process was simulated with offlattice diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation(DLCA)Monte Carlo programs.The self-similar fractal structures of aggregates have been clearly demonstrated by the statistical analysis of gyration radius distribution and the existence of a scaling distribution of the reduced cluster size.The fractal dimension determined from the relationship between mass and gyration radius of aggregates was 1.80 or so.The fractal dimension of the aggregates drawn from the radial distribution function and structure factor of a single aggregate is about 1.90-2.10.It was also showed that,along with the increasing of particle volume fraction,the fractal dimension will increase in a nearly square root manner,and the spatial range of the fractal structure appearing becomes narrower.Also,the gelation transition can only occur in a particle suspension system where the particle volume fraction is greater than a critical value.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(10972015,11172015)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8162008).
文摘In modern construction,Lightweight Aggregate Concrete(LWAC)has been recognized as a vital material of concern because of its unique properties,such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation.Despite the extensive knowledge regarding its macroscopic properties,there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the influence of microscale parameters like aggregate porosity and volume ratio on the mechanical response of LWAC.This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap,spurred by the need to enhance the predictability and applicability of LWAC in various construction environments.With the help of advanced numerical methods,including the finite element method and a random circular aggregate model,this study critically evaluates the role played by these microscale factors.We found that an increase in the aggregate porosity from 23.5%to 48.5%leads to a drastic change of weakness from the bonding interface to the aggregate,reducing compressive strength by up to 24.2%and tensile strength by 27.8%.Similarly,the increase in the volume ratio of lightweight aggregate from 25%to 40%leads to a reduction in compressive strength by 13.0%and tensile strength by 9.23%.These results highlight the imperative role of microscale properties on the mechanical properties of LWAC.By supplying precise quantitative details on the effect of porosity and aggregate volume ratio,this research makes significant contributions to construction materials science by providing useful recommendations for the creation and optimization of LWAC with improved performance and sustainability in construction.
基金funded by the“Instituto de Salud Carlos III”(PI 17-000134,PI 20-0155,PI23/00176)the“Diputaciode Lleida”(PP10601-PIRS2021)to MPO+2 种基金Also from the“Diputaciode Lleida”(PP10605-PIRS2021)the“Generalitat de Catalunya”:Agency for Management of University and Research Grants(2021SGR00990)to RPSupport was also received in the form of a FUNDELA Grant,“RedELA-Plataforma Investigacion”and the“Fundacio Miquel Valls”(Jack Van den Hoek donation)(to MPO)。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic,age-related disorders characterized by a relentless,irreversible,and selective loss of neurons in motor,sensory,or cognitive systems(Gao et al.,2019).Despite their heterogeneity,a common pathological feature across many of these diseases is the accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins.Particularly,the cytoplasmic aggregation in neurons of the Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43).
基金Funded by joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1904188)the Key Research Project of Henan Province for Colleges and Universities(No.26A560009)+3 种基金the Jiaozuo City Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2025210099)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(No.252102320305)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.252300421917)the Project by Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Safety Operation and Maintenance of Underground Engineering in Henan Province(No.KFKT2024-01)。
文摘To explore mix proportion design of RAC with aggregates tightly packed,the dry and wet packing density of recycled coarse aggregates mixture system and recycled coarse and fine aggregates were tested,then the influence of replacement rate and particle size ratio on the packing density of particle system was explored,the packing density prediction model of recycled coarse aggregates based on particle morphology was constructed,and the mix proportion optimization for recycled aggregate concrete with dry-wet packing model was carried out.The experimental results show that,with the increasing of recycled aggregate replacement rate or fine-grained volume ratio,the dry packing density of recycled coarse aggregates decreases gradually.With the increasing of replacement rate,the particle gradation can be optimized by increasing coarsegrained volume ratio.There is a significant effect for particle morphology parameter K and the particle size ratio on the packing density of the binary mixed system,and the packing density prediction model of recycled coarse aggregates based on particle morphology was constructed.The maximum increase in compressive strength and tensile strength of RAC with mix proportion optimized by the dry-wet packing model are 12.94%and 11.09%,and the cementitious materials is reduced by 21.83%,then the superiority of the mix proportion optimization of RAC with the dry-wet close packing model is confirmed.The results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the mix proportion design of RAC.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52168022).
文摘To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),based on the strain equivalence principle and the assumption that microelement strength follows a Weibull statistical distribution.The proposed model incorporates the Drucker-Prager failure criterion.By examining the influence of Weibull distribution parameters m and S_(0)on the stress-strain response,empirical relationships were established between the fine aggregate replacement ratio and the distribution parameters.This enabled the derivation of a theoretical stress-strain curve accounting for variable recycled fine aggragate(RFA)replacement ratios.The experimental results show that the proposed model exhibits high agreement with measured data and effectively captures the increased brittleness of PRFAC with higher RFA replacement ratios.Moreover,increasing the replacement rate accelerates internal crack propagation,reduces deformability and toughness,and significantly hastens the accumulation of internal damage in PRFAC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201080)Young Scientific and Technological Talents Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2025ZC-KJXX-57)Special Scientific Research Program of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.21JK0967)。
文摘Freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs)have an important effect on soil aggregate stability by altering soil structures,thereby influencing soil wind and water erosion on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,the effects of FTCs on the stability of these soils remain unclear.Here,we conducted freeze-thaw simulations in laboratory to investigate the effects of FTCs(0 to 15 cycles)on the wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability of undisturbed sandy loam from Maqu county,which was treated with different initial soil moisture contents(1%to 25%in increments of 4%)and initial aggregate diameters(<2,2-5,5-10,and 10-15 mm).Results show that soil aggregates with initial diameters larger than 2 mm exhibit higher soil organic carbon contents(1.45%-1.57%)and silt contents(34.63%-35.52%)than those smaller than 2 mm(0.93%and 31.38%,respectively).The stability of both wet-and dry-sieving aggregates increases with larger initial diameters.Increasing initial soil moisture content from 1%to 25%reduces aggregate stability,with reductions of 2.4%-88.0%for wet-sieving aggregates and 2.1%-25.5%for dry-sieving aggregates(>2 mm).With increasing FTCs,wet-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability exhibits a fluctuating upward trend,with increases of 79.2%-87.4%after 15 FTCs,while dry-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability decreases significantly(5.7%-21.7%)upon the first FTC and remains unchanged thereafter.The stability of both the wet-and dry-sieving aggregates smaller than 2 mm remains unchanged with increasing FTCs(p>0.05).SOC content decreases by 22.3%on average with increasing FTCs from 1 to 15 and shows no significant correlations with wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability.Higher silt content(r=0.39,p<0.05)and lower sand content(r=-0.38,p<0.05)enhances the wet-sieving aggregate stability of sandy loam.Frequent FTCs tend to improve wet-sieving aggregate stability but reduce dry-sieving aggregate stability in the sandy loam.The findings provide certain guidance for preventing freeze-thaw-induced wind erosion.
文摘Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2401200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(72242105)Organized Research Support Program,Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University.
文摘With the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy,flexible resources are highly needed to hedge the growing uncertainty,and variability in the power system.Demand response has served as a cost-effective type of flexible resource in recent years.In order to balance the uncertainty of the system,it is crucial to assess how much flexibility demand response programs can provide.Thus,forecasting demand response potential is important for the operation of the bulk system.This paper proposes a modeling approach that can characterize the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response so that not only the power potential but also temporal-coupling characteristics can be considered.Furthermore,a day-ahead demand response potential forecasting method is proposed using deep convolutional generative adversarial networks.The proposed forecasting method is tested using data from 170 users in Pecan Street Dataport.The results show that the proposed method can forecast the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response with high accuracy.
