Sources of legitimacy in Afghanistan are diverse, competing and contested, with traditional roots. Historical and contemporary observation suggests a major rift between a ＂sedentary＂ and a ＂desert＂ populace---that...Sources of legitimacy in Afghanistan are diverse, competing and contested, with traditional roots. Historical and contemporary observation suggests a major rift between a ＂sedentary＂ and a ＂desert＂ populace---that is urban dwellers and rural inhabitants. Tribal patronage, with its lashkars and militias, has traditionally been central to legitimacy of any claim to the throne, and lack of it has doomed any such aspiration. This dynamic shifted in the 19th century as the state attempted to consolidate its rule by relying on standing armies independent of tribal forces. While the Kabul-based dynasties generally upheld this new power structure well into late 20th century, with a few relapses, the persisting tensions ultimately led to an acute conflict. The Mujahidin insurgency of the 1980s and early 1990s was a manifestation of this competition. Afghan Jihad here is intentionally examined as a protracted conflict independent of its Western influence and backing and as it pertained to pillars of power and legitimacy of authority in the Afghan context.展开更多
Objective:Almost all leukemia patients died,fortunately now with the advancement of medicine and science and with the advent of treatment Chemotherapy,Radiotherapy,and Surgical treatment 75%of patients with leukemia w...Objective:Almost all leukemia patients died,fortunately now with the advancement of medicine and science and with the advent of treatment Chemotherapy,Radiotherapy,and Surgical treatment 75%of patients with leukemia who need treatment for up to 5 years,live longer than patients with leukemia who do not receive treatment.On the one side,in our country,Afghanistan the number of incidents has increased recently,and on the other side,we do not have data at the national level.Therefore,the child health hospital administration considered the necessary and left me to research this case in the last 6 months of 2018.Methods:This is an observational descriptive study,which observed 10,293 patients that come to the pediatric internal which 300 patients who indicate leukemia,and 200 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),who were admitted to the oncology service of Andhra Gandhi Child Health Hospital in 2018 the study took place.Results:Based on the age we detect less than one year’s 10(5%)patients,1-10 years old 150(75%)patients,and more than 10 years old 40(20%)patients.Based on sex,boys were 120(60%)patients and girls 80(40%)patients.Based on clinical findings,anemia 155(77.5%)patients,fever 130(65%)patients,bleeding 90(45%)patients,spleen thickness 88(44%)patients,liver thickness 73(36.6%)patients,lymph nodes thickness 70(35.55%)patients,great pains 66(33%)patients and nervous system disorders 38(19%)patients.Conclusion:We can say with great conviction that 200 patients out of 10,293 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Further studies with prospective nature are required to confirm this observation.展开更多
The ideological transition within the Taliban movement has witnessed several trajectories.Starting from a socio-cultural movement for bringing about law and order in the society as the ruler of Kabul in the mid-1990s;...The ideological transition within the Taliban movement has witnessed several trajectories.Starting from a socio-cultural movement for bringing about law and order in the society as the ruler of Kabul in the mid-1990s;the movement experienced various phases where its norms and practices appeared alien to the socio-cultural fabric of the majority part of the modern Afghan state.At the present juncture,the movement’s aim is to become the ruler of Kabul again but with a new outlook.The movement and its leadership have entered an epoch different from the old Taliban to neo-Taliban and presents themselves as chief propagators of peace within the organisation that only reflects the Taliban’s desperate attempt to save the movement and present it as an alternative to the US backed Afghan government.展开更多
Allow me to start by thanking the CPAPD for inviting me to speak in this important event and giving the opportunity to share my insights on peace in Afghanistan and its implications in the broader South and Central As...Allow me to start by thanking the CPAPD for inviting me to speak in this important event and giving the opportunity to share my insights on peace in Afghanistan and its implications in the broader South and Central Asia region and beyond.Today, I am representing a country that has suffered from violence and terrorism in the last four decades. It is an unfortunate reality that after Syria, the lingering violence in Afghanistan has turned the country into the second least peaceful one in the world.展开更多
文摘Sources of legitimacy in Afghanistan are diverse, competing and contested, with traditional roots. Historical and contemporary observation suggests a major rift between a ＂sedentary＂ and a ＂desert＂ populace---that is urban dwellers and rural inhabitants. Tribal patronage, with its lashkars and militias, has traditionally been central to legitimacy of any claim to the throne, and lack of it has doomed any such aspiration. This dynamic shifted in the 19th century as the state attempted to consolidate its rule by relying on standing armies independent of tribal forces. While the Kabul-based dynasties generally upheld this new power structure well into late 20th century, with a few relapses, the persisting tensions ultimately led to an acute conflict. The Mujahidin insurgency of the 1980s and early 1990s was a manifestation of this competition. Afghan Jihad here is intentionally examined as a protracted conflict independent of its Western influence and backing and as it pertained to pillars of power and legitimacy of authority in the Afghan context.
文摘Objective:Almost all leukemia patients died,fortunately now with the advancement of medicine and science and with the advent of treatment Chemotherapy,Radiotherapy,and Surgical treatment 75%of patients with leukemia who need treatment for up to 5 years,live longer than patients with leukemia who do not receive treatment.On the one side,in our country,Afghanistan the number of incidents has increased recently,and on the other side,we do not have data at the national level.Therefore,the child health hospital administration considered the necessary and left me to research this case in the last 6 months of 2018.Methods:This is an observational descriptive study,which observed 10,293 patients that come to the pediatric internal which 300 patients who indicate leukemia,and 200 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),who were admitted to the oncology service of Andhra Gandhi Child Health Hospital in 2018 the study took place.Results:Based on the age we detect less than one year’s 10(5%)patients,1-10 years old 150(75%)patients,and more than 10 years old 40(20%)patients.Based on sex,boys were 120(60%)patients and girls 80(40%)patients.Based on clinical findings,anemia 155(77.5%)patients,fever 130(65%)patients,bleeding 90(45%)patients,spleen thickness 88(44%)patients,liver thickness 73(36.6%)patients,lymph nodes thickness 70(35.55%)patients,great pains 66(33%)patients and nervous system disorders 38(19%)patients.Conclusion:We can say with great conviction that 200 patients out of 10,293 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Further studies with prospective nature are required to confirm this observation.
文摘The ideological transition within the Taliban movement has witnessed several trajectories.Starting from a socio-cultural movement for bringing about law and order in the society as the ruler of Kabul in the mid-1990s;the movement experienced various phases where its norms and practices appeared alien to the socio-cultural fabric of the majority part of the modern Afghan state.At the present juncture,the movement’s aim is to become the ruler of Kabul again but with a new outlook.The movement and its leadership have entered an epoch different from the old Taliban to neo-Taliban and presents themselves as chief propagators of peace within the organisation that only reflects the Taliban’s desperate attempt to save the movement and present it as an alternative to the US backed Afghan government.
文摘Allow me to start by thanking the CPAPD for inviting me to speak in this important event and giving the opportunity to share my insights on peace in Afghanistan and its implications in the broader South and Central Asia region and beyond.Today, I am representing a country that has suffered from violence and terrorism in the last four decades. It is an unfortunate reality that after Syria, the lingering violence in Afghanistan has turned the country into the second least peaceful one in the world.
