The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies...The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies since the bees have developed strategies to combat them. However, A. tumida has since ＇escaped＇ from its native home and has recently invaded areas such as North America and Australia where its economic impact on the apiculture industry has been significant. Small hive beetle, should it become established within Europe, represents a real and live threat to the UK bee keeping industry. Here we review the biology and current pest status of A. tumida and up to-date research in terms of both chemical and biological control used against this honey bee pest [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 644-653, 2013].展开更多
During the pupal-adult eclosion process of holometabolous insects,the old cuticle is shed and replaced by a completely different new cuticle that requires tanning and expansion,along with extensive extracellular matri...During the pupal-adult eclosion process of holometabolous insects,the old cuticle is shed and replaced by a completely different new cuticle that requires tanning and expansion,along with extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.In vertebrates,matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),a class of zinc-dependent endopeptidases,play key roles in regulating the ECM that surrounds cells.However,little is known about these extracellular proteinases available in insects.The small hive beetle(SHB),Aethina tumida,is a widespread invasive parasite of honey bees.In this study,6 MMP homologs were identified in the SHB genome.RNA interference experiments showed that all 6 AtMmps are not required for the larval-pupal transition,only AtMmp2 was essential for pupal-adult eclosion in SHB.Knockdown of AtMmp2 resulted in eclosion defects and wing expansion failure,as well as mortality within 3 d of adult eclosion.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that knockdown of AtMmp2 significantly increased expression of the Toll and Imd pathways,chitin metabolism,and cross-linking(such as the pro-phenoloxidase activating cascade pathway and the tyrosine-mediated cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation pathway).These data revealed evolutionarily conserved functions of Mmp2 in controlling adult eclosion and wing expansion,also provided a preliminary exploration of the novel function of regulating Toll and Imd pathways,as well as new insights into how MMPs regulate insect development and defense barriers.展开更多
文摘The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies since the bees have developed strategies to combat them. However, A. tumida has since ＇escaped＇ from its native home and has recently invaded areas such as North America and Australia where its economic impact on the apiculture industry has been significant. Small hive beetle, should it become established within Europe, represents a real and live threat to the UK bee keeping industry. Here we review the biology and current pest status of A. tumida and up to-date research in terms of both chemical and biological control used against this honey bee pest [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 644-653, 2013].
基金funded by GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010106)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32200405),Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(202201010255)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012102,2021A1515010630)Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunfu City(2022020425).
文摘During the pupal-adult eclosion process of holometabolous insects,the old cuticle is shed and replaced by a completely different new cuticle that requires tanning and expansion,along with extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.In vertebrates,matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),a class of zinc-dependent endopeptidases,play key roles in regulating the ECM that surrounds cells.However,little is known about these extracellular proteinases available in insects.The small hive beetle(SHB),Aethina tumida,is a widespread invasive parasite of honey bees.In this study,6 MMP homologs were identified in the SHB genome.RNA interference experiments showed that all 6 AtMmps are not required for the larval-pupal transition,only AtMmp2 was essential for pupal-adult eclosion in SHB.Knockdown of AtMmp2 resulted in eclosion defects and wing expansion failure,as well as mortality within 3 d of adult eclosion.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that knockdown of AtMmp2 significantly increased expression of the Toll and Imd pathways,chitin metabolism,and cross-linking(such as the pro-phenoloxidase activating cascade pathway and the tyrosine-mediated cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation pathway).These data revealed evolutionarily conserved functions of Mmp2 in controlling adult eclosion and wing expansion,also provided a preliminary exploration of the novel function of regulating Toll and Imd pathways,as well as new insights into how MMPs regulate insect development and defense barriers.
