Objectives:In this study,we explored how adiponectin mediated urotensinⅡ(UⅡ)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)expression and ensuing intracellular signaling pathways in advent...Objectives:In this study,we explored how adiponectin mediated urotensinⅡ(UⅡ)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)expression and ensuing intracellular signaling pathways in adventitial fibroblasts(AFs).Methods:Growth-arrested AFs and rat tunica adventitia of vessels were incubated with UⅡand inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for 1-24 h.The cells were then harvested for TNF-αreceptor(TNF-α-R)messenger RNA(mRNA)and TNF-αprotein expression determination by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor(adipoR)expression was measured by RT-PCR,quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR),immunohistochemical analysis,and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)cell proliferation experiments.We then quantified TNF-αandα-SMA mRNA and protein expression levels by qPCR and immunofluorescence(IF)staining.RNA interference(RNAi)was used to explore the function of the adipoR genes.To investigate the signaling pathway,we applied western blotting(WB)to examine phosphorylation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK).In vivo,an adiponectin(APN)-knockout(APN-KO)mouse model mimicking adventitial inflammation was generated to measure TNF-αandα-SMA expression by application of qPCR and IF,with the goal of gaining a comprehensive atlas of adiponectin in vascular remodeling.Results:In both cells and tissues,UⅡpromoted TNF-αprotein and TNF-α-R secretion in a dose-and time-dependent manner via Rho/protein kinase C(PKC)pathway.We detected marked expression of adipoR1,T-cadherin,and calreticulin as well as a moderate presence of adipoR2 in AFs,while no adiponectin was observed.Globular adiponectin(gAd)fostered the growth of AFs,and acted in concert with UⅡto induceα-SMA and TNF-αthrough the adipoR1/T-cadherin/calreticulin/AMPK pathway.In AFs,gAd and UⅡsynergistically induced AMPK phosphorylation.In the adventitial inflammation model,APN deficiency up-regulated the expression ofα-SMA,UⅡreceptor(UT),and UⅡwhile inhibiting TNF-αexpression.Conclusions:From the results of our study,we can speculate that UⅡinduces TNF-αprotein and TNF-α-R secretion in AFs and rat tunica adventitia of vessels via the Rho and PKC signal transduction pathways.Thus,it is plausible that adiponectin is a major player in adventitial progression and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease administration.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in artery remodeling during the process of pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH),we checked the small heat shock protein 27/25(HSPB1)whether involved in patho...OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in artery remodeling during the process of pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH),we checked the small heat shock protein 27/25(HSPB1)whether involved in pathological basis of vascular remodeling.METHODS We explored the potential role of HSPB1 interacts with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase in the pulmonary vascular remodeling,investigate its effects on the endothelium cell dynamic,and further reveal its possible molecular mechanisms using hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rat model,transgenic mice and pulmonary adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell culture in vitro.RESULTS Our studies have shown that HSPB1 improves adventitial vasa vasorum angiogenesis and remodeling.We found that hypoxia induces-HSPB1 upregulation and HSPB1 interact with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase modulate adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell proliferation,migration and tube formation.And the inhibition of HSPB1can reverse the vascular inflammation and fibrosis amazingly.CONCLUSION Adventitial vasa vasorum plays an important role in vascular remodeling,and small heat shock protein 27/25 was involved in a variety of diseases during the development of PAH,which could an efficient therapeutic targets and prevention strategy for PAH clinical.展开更多
Transradial access (TRA) has emerged as the preferred vascular access route forcoronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions due to itssuperior safety profile compared to transfemoral access. However, i...Transradial access (TRA) has emerged as the preferred vascular access route forcoronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions due to itssuperior safety profile compared to transfemoral access. However, its widespreadadoption raises concerns regarding structural alterations in the radial artery,which may impact long-term vascular health and future procedural feasibility.TRA is associated with histopathologic changes in the arterial wall, such asintimal injury and hyperplasia, medial remodeling and adventitial inflammation,collectively contributing to radial artery remodeling. Moreover, TRA can inducechanges in radial artery lumen diameter driven by an inflammatory response dueto arterial puncture and mechanical friction during the procedure. Nonetheless, amore clinically significant consequence is radial artery occlusion, which is influencedby various procedural and patient-related factors. Strategies to minimizeremodeling include meticulous pre-procedural ultrasound assessment to ensureappropriate sheath-to-artery size matching, periprocedural pharmacologicalinterventions and implementation of patent hemostasis techniques. This reviewsynthesizes current knowledge regarding the mechanisms, clinical implications,and preventive strategies related to radial artery remodeling following TRA. Further research is needed toelucidate the long-term consequences of radial artery remodeling and to refine preventive strategies for preservingradial artery patency and its suitability for future interventions.展开更多
Background Urotensin Ⅱ （UⅡ） is a new vasoconstrictive peptide that may activate the adventitial fibroblasts.Transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） is an important factor that could induce the phenotypical tran...Background Urotensin Ⅱ （UⅡ） is a new vasoconstrictive peptide that may activate the adventitial fibroblasts.Transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） is an important factor that could induce the phenotypical transdifferentiation of adventitial fibroblasts. This study aimed to explore whether TGF-β1 is involved in UⅡ-induced phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts from rat aorta.Methods Adventitial fibroblasts were prepared by the explant culture method. TGF-β1 protein secretion from the cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth nuscle actin （α-SM-actin）, the marker of phenotypic differentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, were determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR （real-time RT-PCR） and Western blotting, respectively.Results UⅡ stimulated the secretion of TGF-β1 in cultured adventitial fibroblasts in a time-dependent manner. The secretion reached a peak at 24 hours, was higher by 69.8% （P ＜0.01）, than the control group. This effect was also concentration dependent. Maximal stimulation was reached at 10-8 mol/L of UⅡ （P ＜0.01）, which was increased by 59.9%,compared with in the control group （P ＜0.01）. The secretion of TGF-β1 induced by UⅡ was significantly blocked by SB-710411 （10-7 mol/L）, a specific antagonist of UⅡ receptor. In addition, both UⅡ （10-8 mol/L） and TGF-β1 significantly stimulated α-SM-actin mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, the α-SM-actin induced by UⅡ was inhibited by the specific neutralizing antibody （20 μg/ml） of TGF-β1, while the α-SM-actin expression stimulated by TGF-β1 （20 ng/ml）was inhibited by SB-710411 （10-7 mol/L）, the UⅡ receptor antagonist.Conclusion This study suggests that UⅡ could induce TGF-β1 secretion in adventitial fibroblasts via UT activation, and TGF-β1 might be involved in phenotypic differentiation from adventitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts induced by UⅡ, and TGF-β1 signaling might be one of the important pathways by which UⅡ is involved in vascular fibrosis.展开更多
Background Urotensin Ⅱ （Ull）,a potent vasoconstrictive peptide,is able to stimulate phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts.This study aimed to determine the effect of UII on monocyte chemoattractant ...Background Urotensin Ⅱ （Ull）,a potent vasoconstrictive peptide,is able to stimulate phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts.This study aimed to determine the effect of UII on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP1） expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts,so as to explore possible mechanisms in the development of vascular inflammation.Methods Growth-arrested adventitial fibroblasts were incubated in serum-free medium with UII （1010-10-7 mol/L） and inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for 1 to 24 hours.MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion were determined by RT-PCR,Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,respectively.Results UII dose-and time-dependently promoted MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion in cells,with maximal effect at 10-8 mol/L at 3 hours for mRNA expression,24 hours for protein expression in the cells,and 12 hours for protein secretion from the cells.Furthermore,the UII effects were significantly inhibited by treatment with its receptor antagonist SB710411,Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632,protein kinase C （PKC） inhibitor H7,mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059,calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A,and the Ca2＋channel blocker nicardipine.Conclusion UII may stimulate MCP-1 expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts through its receptor and Rho kinase,PKC,mitogen-activated protein kinase,calcineurin and Ca2＋ channel signal transduction,thus contributing to adventitial inflammation.展开更多
Cystic adventitial disease （CAD） is a rare condition characterized by cyst!c lesions of the non-axial blood vessels adjacent to joints;j the majority of cysts are in the lower limb, with popliteal artery predominanc...Cystic adventitial disease （CAD） is a rare condition characterized by cyst!c lesions of the non-axial blood vessels adjacent to joints;j the majority of cysts are in the lower limb, with popliteal artery predominance. Here, we report a case of cystic adventitial disease in a 47-year-old man who was misdiagnosed and performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty （PTA） in other hospital. He was eventually treated successfully with incision and evacuation of the popliteal cyst and ligation of communicating channels to the knee joint and remains asymptomatic 1 year later.展开更多
Adventitious agents,comprising unintentionally introduced microorganisms in the production of biological products,pose a significant challenge in ensuring the safety of gene therapy products.The revised International ...Adventitious agents,comprising unintentionally introduced microorganisms in the production of biological products,pose a significant challenge in ensuring the safety of gene therapy products.The revised International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use(ICH)guildline Q5A(R2)from September 2022 highlights the inclusion of viral vector-based gene therapy products in safety discussions,emphasizing controls in material sourcing,testing,and viral clearance[1].Detecting adventitious virus contamination is complex due to the unique characteristics of gene therapy products and the limitations of routine testing methods.The US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)recommends incorporating routine and specific virus detection methods,including those outlined in various pharmacopeias.Existing control methods have limitations,prompting the need for highly sensitive and broad-spectrum detection approaches.Unlike traditional biological products,gene therapy products primarily consist of live viruses,necessitating methods that distinguish between the main virus and adventitious viruses.Current virus detection techniques,such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR),sequencing,mass spectrometry,and DNA microarrays[2e4],have their drawbacks.展开更多
Grapevine(Vitis sp.)is one of the most important economic fruit crops all over the world,and the formation of adventitious roots(ARs)is crucial for the vegetative reproduction of grapes.However,studies on the regulato...Grapevine(Vitis sp.)is one of the most important economic fruit crops all over the world,and the formation of adventitious roots(ARs)is crucial for the vegetative reproduction of grapes.However,studies on the regulatory mechanisms of this process are currently lacking.In this study,we applied an efficient and convenient leave-petiole(LP)system for studying ARs,revealing a significant inhibition of root primordia formation under continuous-light treatment.The results showed that isolated ARs of grapevine were induced and originated from ray cells near the vascular cambium,with the process categorized into induction,initiation,and extension stages.LP samples under light and dark conditions were used for transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone measurements at three critical time points of AR formation.A total of 37155 transcripts were obtained,and 7041 genes showed significantly different expression levels in the petiole.An integrated analysis,including Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),and hormonal content determination,showed that several genes(ARF4,LAX1,PIN1,SUS2,APX1,TPXL1,CHS3,etc.)associated with hormone signals,sugar synthesis and transport,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,cell wall biogenesis,flavonoid biosynthesis,microtubule remodeling,and some transcription factors(HY5,COP1,ERF2,MYB15,etc)played vital roles in light-induced AR formation.A hypothetical model was initially constructed,which illustrated the centrality of auxin in HY5-dependent AR formation and the complex crosstalk among various factors.The results of this study provided abundant genetic resources and a novel perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of AR formation in grapevine.展开更多
Although class A auxin response factors(ARFs)are known to regulate adventitious root(AR)development through the canonical SCFTIR1-Aux/IAA-ARF signaling pathway,the regulatory role of class B ARFs in AR development rem...Although class A auxin response factors(ARFs)are known to regulate adventitious root(AR)development through the canonical SCFTIR1-Aux/IAA-ARF signaling pathway,the regulatory role of class B ARFs in AR development remains largely unclear.Therefore,this research focused on the role of class B ARF transcription factors in peach(Prunus persica‘Shengli')adventitious root formation.Here,we report the role of a class B ARF gene Pp ARF4 in adventitious root formation in peach.Comparative transcriptome and q RT-PCR analyses showed that the transcription of Pp ARF4 was significantly up-regulated in auxin-treated stem explants.Y2H assay showed that Pp ARF4 had no interaction with Pp IAAs(AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACIDs).Pp ARF4 could bind the promoters of lateral root development gene Pp LBD16 and auxin transport gene Pp PIN1 to activate their transcription.Ectopic overexpression of Pp ARF4 and Pp LBD16 in Arabidopsis promoted AR development.Additionally,Pp ARF4 could act as a negative regulator of flavone synthesis and thus prevent the explants from browning.The results not only provide novel insights into the functions of ARFs in regulating plant growth and development,but will also be useful for fulfilling asexual propagation by stem cuttings in peach.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best planting technology system of Dysosma versipellis.[Methods]The rhizomes of D.versipellis were selected as the propagation material.Experiments were conducted on ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best planting technology system of Dysosma versipellis.[Methods]The rhizomes of D.versipellis were selected as the propagation material.Experiments were conducted on one-year-old,two-year-old and three-year-old rhizomes to investigate the effects of hormone formula,soaking time,and growth years on the planting technology.[Results]The effects of various factors on the growth rate of D.versipellis ranked as hormone formula>rhizome age>soaking time(h).The optimal combination was A_(2)B_(2)C_(3),which corresponded to three-year-old rhizomes soaked for 12 h in a hormone solution containing BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L.Adventitious roots of D.versipellis(including isolated adventitious roots and adventitious roots attached to two-year-old rhizomes)were also used for propagation,while also considering whether to add Shuangjier(GGR)solution,with soaking times in the GGR solution set at 4,12,and 24 h,respectively.The results indicated that soaking the roots attached to rhizomes in GGR solution for 12 h yielded the highest growth rate.[Conclusions]This study not only provides technical support for the cultivation of D.versipellis,but also offers a reference for formulating corresponding Technical Operating Procedures(SOP)and establishing demonstration bases.展开更多
Inducing adventitious root(AR)formation in mature walnut species(Juglans L.)is challenging.However,the AR formation of mature trees can be improved by rejuvenation.In rejuvenated cuttings,exogenous indole-3-butyric ac...Inducing adventitious root(AR)formation in mature walnut species(Juglans L.)is challenging.However,the AR formation of mature trees can be improved by rejuvenation.In rejuvenated cuttings,exogenous indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)is essential for AR formation,and the underlying mechanism is still not well understood.Therefore,we utilized transcriptome sequencing to investigate the mechanism of IBA-induced AR formation.Our results revealed that,in comparison to the control group,IBA treatment(9 mmol·L^(-1))significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)content,leading to an enhanced rooting rate.We performed RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the IBA-treated and control(CK)groups at 1,2,3,and 5 days after cutting(DAC).The results showed that,compared to the control cuttings,there were 1539,889,785,and 984 up-regulated genes and 2791,2936,3017,and 1752 down-regulated genes,at 1,2,3,and 5 DAC,respectively.Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that G-type ATP-binding cassette 36/37(ABCG36/37)and ATP-binding cassette subfamily D 1(ABCD1),associated with IBA transport,were down-regulated in the rejuvenation cuttings.In contrast,PIN-FORMED(PIN)and PINOID(PID),associated with auxin efflux,were up-regulated.We identified 49 auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(AUX/IAA)-encoding genes,including IAA1,IAA3,IAA5,IAA6,IAA8,IAA11,IAA12,IAA19,and IAA20,which were up-regulated at 1-5 DAC in the rejuvenated cuttings.This study highlights that the overexpression of JrWOX5/11 in poplar significantly enhance AR growth,as evidenced by increased root length,surface area,volume,and quantity.Moreover,the co-expression network analysis involving JrWOX11 and JrWOX5 in walnut cuttings elucidates complex genetic interactions,underscoring their pivotal role in the formation of AR.Our data supported the following molecular mechanism of IBA-induced adventitious root formation.Firstly,IBA is converted to free IAA in peroxisomes.Then,the highly concentrated IAA in the procambium and parenchyma cells induces WUSCHEL-related homeobox 11(WOX11)expression at two days.Finally,WOX11 acts redundantly to up-regulate WOX5,initiating the development of root primordia cells.展开更多
Tilia amurensis is an economically valuable broadleaf tree species in Northeast China.The production of highqualityT.amurensis varieties at commercial scales has been greatly limited by the low germination rates.There...Tilia amurensis is an economically valuable broadleaf tree species in Northeast China.The production of highqualityT.amurensis varieties at commercial scales has been greatly limited by the low germination rates.Thereis thus a pressing need to develop an organogenesis protocol for in vitro propagation of T.amurensis to alleviate ashortage of high-quality T.amurensis seedlings.Here,we established a rapid in vitro propagation system forT.amurensis from mature zygotic embryos and analyzed the effects of plant growth regulators and culture mediain different stages.We found that Woody plant medium(WPM)was the optimal primary culture medium formature zygotic embryos.The highest callus induction percentage(68.76%)and number of axillary buds induced(3.2)were obtained in WPM+0.89μmol/L 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)+0.46μmol/L kinetin(KT)+0.25μmol/Lindole-3-butryic acid(IBA)+1.44μmol/L gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3)).The multiple shoot bud development achievedthe highest percentage(83.32%)in the Murashige and Skoog(MS)+2.22μmol/L 6-BA+0.25μmol/L IBA+1.44μmol/L GA_(3).The rooting percentage(96.70%)was highest in 1/2 MS medium+1.48μmol/L IBA.Thesurvival percentage of transplanting plantlets was 82.22%in soil:vermiculite:perlite(5:3:1).Our study is the firstto establish an effective organogenesis protocol for T.amurensis using mature zygotic embryos.展开更多
Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of root...Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of rootstock in grafted watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)seedlings.In this study,the effects of different light treatments on root regeneration were determined.This revealed that addition of far-red light(Fr)could significantly expedite root formation in the rootstock.Moreover,the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that plant hormone pathway and auxinrelated genes were greatly induced by Fr,especially for auxin-response proteins(including CmIAA11,CmIAA17,and CmAUX28),Small auxinup RNA genes(including CmSAUR20 and CmSAUR50)and the auxin efflux transporter(CmPIN3).In addition,the expression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor(PIFs),such as CmPIF1,CmPIF3 and CmPIF7,was remarkably increased by Fr.These genes may act together to activate auxinrelated pathways under Fr treatment.Based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analysis,the concentrations of different auxin-types in adventitious root were significantly influenced by Fr.Furthermore,the better growth of rootstock root displayed superior vasculature transport activity of the graft union with Fr treatment,which was determined by the acid magenta dyeing experiment.Therefore,all the results suggested that Fr could induce AR formation in rootstocks,which may be associated with the auxin accumulation by regulating the transcriptional level of auxinrelated and PIF genes.The findings of this study demonstrated a practicable way to shorten the healing period of graftings and improve the quality of grafted watermelon seedlings,which will provide a theoretical basis for the speeding development of industrialized seedlings production.展开更多
Potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))promotes adventitious root(AR)formation in apple stem cuttings.However,evidence for the possible involvement of cytokinin(CK)in KNO_(3)-mediated AR formation in apples is still lacking.In thi...Potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))promotes adventitious root(AR)formation in apple stem cuttings.However,evidence for the possible involvement of cytokinin(CK)in KNO_(3)-mediated AR formation in apples is still lacking.In this study,we cultured GL-3 apple microshoots in different treatment combinations.While the T1(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+6-benzyl adenine(6-BA)2.22μmol L^(-1))and T3(6-BA 2.22μmol L^(-1))treatments completely inhibited AR formation,the control,T2(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)),and T4(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+lovastatin(Lov)1.24μmol L^(-1))treatments developed ARs.However,T4-treated microshoots developed fewer and shorter ARs,indicating that optimum CK synthesis is needed for normal AR growth.This also suggests that these fewer and shorter ARs developed because of the presence of KNO_(3) in the same medium.The anatomy of the stem basal part indicated that the inhibition of CK biosynthesis delayed AR primordia formation.The endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and zeatin riboside(ZR)were higher in T2-treated microshoots,while the abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellic acid 3(GA_(3)),and brassinosteroid(BR)levels were higher in T4-treated microshoots.The expression levels of MdNRT1.1and MdNRT2.1 were higher in T2-treated microshoots at 3 and 8 days,while MdRR2 and MdCKX5 were higher at 8 and 16 days,respectively.Furthermore,higher IAA levels increased MdWOX11 expression,which in turn increased MdLBD16 and MdLBD29 expression in response to T2.The combined expression of these genes stimulated adventitious rooting by upregulating cell cycle-related genes(MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1)in response to T2 treatment.This study shows that specific genes and hormonal pathways contribute to KNO_(3)-CK-mediated adventitious rooting in apples.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate differences in differentiation and regeneration of the explants from different parts of Lilium lancifolium（Yixing Lily） in tissue culture.[Method] The different parts of scale,...[Objective] The aim was to investigate differences in differentiation and regeneration of the explants from different parts of Lilium lancifolium（Yixing Lily） in tissue culture.[Method] The different parts of scale,leaf and root of Yixing Lily were cultured as explants on MS basic medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators,so as to compare their capacity to differentiate and regenerate.[Result] The explants had different potential to differentiate（scale root leaf）.The capacity of different scale parts to differentiate was the lower part middle partupper part;the capacity of different leaf parts to differentiate was the leaf base middle part leaf tip;the capacity of different root parts to differentiate was the root base root tip middle part.[Conclusion] Tissue culture could be well applied in propagation of Yixing Lily.展开更多
[Objective] To research the mass propagation system for cotyledon of Solanum torvum. [Methods] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the research object, ef- fects of hormone combination on callus induction and adventitious ...[Objective] To research the mass propagation system for cotyledon of Solanum torvum. [Methods] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the research object, ef- fects of hormone combination on callus induction and adventitious buds differentia- tion of S. torvum were researched. [Results] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the ex- plants, the optimal culture medium for callus induction and adventitious buds differ- entiation was MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA. The induction rates of callus and adventitious bud reached 100% and 85%, respectively. The number of average buds was 6. The optimal culture medium for the induction of adventitious roots was MS＋ 0.3 mg/L IAA. The rooting rate reached 100% and the number of average roots was 9. [Conclusions] One-step induction of callus and adventitious buds simplified the mass propagation system, and enhanced the test test efficiency.s展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application of plant growth regulator thidiazuron（TDZ）in strawberry anther culture.[Method]Different combinations of TDZ and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA）auxine with diffe...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application of plant growth regulator thidiazuron（TDZ）in strawberry anther culture.[Method]Different combinations of TDZ and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA）auxine with different concentrations were used for induction culture,and then its effect on callus induction and plant regeneration were observed.[Result] The combination of 1.0 mg/L TDZ＋0.5 mg/LNAA was effective to accelerating the differentiation and regeneration of strawberries,and the differentiation ratio was as high as 75%.However,TDZ showed insignificant effect on strawberries anther induction.[Conclusion]This research had provided reference for large-scale production of strawberry through anther culture.展开更多
A procedure for cutting Prunus humilis（Bge）. Sok was comprehensively studied in this paper. It was found that the key factors involved in this procession were medium, rooting accelerator, concentration of rooting ac...A procedure for cutting Prunus humilis（Bge）. Sok was comprehensively studied in this paper. It was found that the key factors involved in this procession were medium, rooting accelerator, concentration of rooting accelerator and type of shoot. The results showed that send was used as mediums; Treatment with 1 000 mg/L AST rooting powder No. 2 and semi-woody shoots were the optimal materials for cutting, and the rooting rate reached 88.1%. Anatomical study on rooting of Prunus hum#is（Bge）. Sok cutting has been carded out by the paraffin section method. The observation result shows that the adventitious root primordium of Prunus humili$（Bge）. Sok cutting belongs to the type of induced root primordium. The adventitiousroot primordium originates from the cross region of vascular cambium and pith rays.展开更多
Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia characteristic of type diabetes 2 is responsible for the accelerated atherosclerosis with increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we will propose to analyze the effect of a long-...Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia characteristic of type diabetes 2 is responsible for the accelerated atherosclerosis with increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we will propose to analyze the effect of a long-term of glucotoxicity in vivo in Psammomys obesus by addition of sucrose to 30% for 11 months and in vitro study of adventitial fibroblasts in the presence of D-glucose 0.6% for 7 days. Materials and methods: Evaluation of plasma biochemical parameters was carried out at the initial time and at the end of experiment. At autopsy, a morphological study of the aorta was performed after fixation in aqueous Bouin and staining with Masson’s trichrome. The experimental glucotoxicity is induced by incubation of fibroblasts in DMEM enriched with D-glucose at 0.6% for 7 days. The impact of glucotoxicity is assessed in the intracellular compartments through dosage of total nitrite and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, and thanks to a morphological assay after fixation of cells with aqueous bouin and blood staining with May Grünwald Giemsa. The evaluation of cell proliferation is accomplished by cell counting. Collagens I and III of the extracellular compartment are characterized by SDS-PAGE. Results: Animals subjected to sucrose showed hyperglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hyperproteinemia, increased CPK and VLDL-LDL and decreased HDL. Histology of aortas revealed endothelial cells hypertrophy, severe disorganization of intima and media. In the presence of glucose, the proliferation of fibroblasts increases very significantly (P = 2.34 × 10-5), the rate of malonaldehyde, nitrite and total density of chains α2 (I) and α1 (I + III) extra-cellular collagens I and III increased significantly. After staining, the cells showed hypertrophy, vacuolation of cytoplasm and chromatin condensation with nuclear fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis. Conclusion: The glucotoxicity induced in vivo and in vitro is responsible for major structural and metabolic alterations leading to the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process.展开更多
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003372)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Nos.2018CFB747 and 2018CFB537)the Educational Commission of Hubei Province(Nos.B2017112 and B20181130),China.
文摘Objectives:In this study,we explored how adiponectin mediated urotensinⅡ(UⅡ)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)expression and ensuing intracellular signaling pathways in adventitial fibroblasts(AFs).Methods:Growth-arrested AFs and rat tunica adventitia of vessels were incubated with UⅡand inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for 1-24 h.The cells were then harvested for TNF-αreceptor(TNF-α-R)messenger RNA(mRNA)and TNF-αprotein expression determination by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor(adipoR)expression was measured by RT-PCR,quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR),immunohistochemical analysis,and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)cell proliferation experiments.We then quantified TNF-αandα-SMA mRNA and protein expression levels by qPCR and immunofluorescence(IF)staining.RNA interference(RNAi)was used to explore the function of the adipoR genes.To investigate the signaling pathway,we applied western blotting(WB)to examine phosphorylation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK).In vivo,an adiponectin(APN)-knockout(APN-KO)mouse model mimicking adventitial inflammation was generated to measure TNF-αandα-SMA expression by application of qPCR and IF,with the goal of gaining a comprehensive atlas of adiponectin in vascular remodeling.Results:In both cells and tissues,UⅡpromoted TNF-αprotein and TNF-α-R secretion in a dose-and time-dependent manner via Rho/protein kinase C(PKC)pathway.We detected marked expression of adipoR1,T-cadherin,and calreticulin as well as a moderate presence of adipoR2 in AFs,while no adiponectin was observed.Globular adiponectin(gAd)fostered the growth of AFs,and acted in concert with UⅡto induceα-SMA and TNF-αthrough the adipoR1/T-cadherin/calreticulin/AMPK pathway.In AFs,gAd and UⅡsynergistically induced AMPK phosphorylation.In the adventitial inflammation model,APN deficiency up-regulated the expression ofα-SMA,UⅡreceptor(UT),and UⅡwhile inhibiting TNF-αexpression.Conclusions:From the results of our study,we can speculate that UⅡinduces TNF-αprotein and TNF-α-R secretion in AFs and rat tunica adventitia of vessels via the Rho and PKC signal transduction pathways.Thus,it is plausible that adiponectin is a major player in adventitial progression and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease administration.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adventitial vasa vasorum in artery remodeling during the process of pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH),we checked the small heat shock protein 27/25(HSPB1)whether involved in pathological basis of vascular remodeling.METHODS We explored the potential role of HSPB1 interacts with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase in the pulmonary vascular remodeling,investigate its effects on the endothelium cell dynamic,and further reveal its possible molecular mechanisms using hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rat model,transgenic mice and pulmonary adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell culture in vitro.RESULTS Our studies have shown that HSPB1 improves adventitial vasa vasorum angiogenesis and remodeling.We found that hypoxia induces-HSPB1 upregulation and HSPB1 interact with ectopic F1Fo-ATPase modulate adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cell proliferation,migration and tube formation.And the inhibition of HSPB1can reverse the vascular inflammation and fibrosis amazingly.CONCLUSION Adventitial vasa vasorum plays an important role in vascular remodeling,and small heat shock protein 27/25 was involved in a variety of diseases during the development of PAH,which could an efficient therapeutic targets and prevention strategy for PAH clinical.
文摘Transradial access (TRA) has emerged as the preferred vascular access route forcoronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions due to itssuperior safety profile compared to transfemoral access. However, its widespreadadoption raises concerns regarding structural alterations in the radial artery,which may impact long-term vascular health and future procedural feasibility.TRA is associated with histopathologic changes in the arterial wall, such asintimal injury and hyperplasia, medial remodeling and adventitial inflammation,collectively contributing to radial artery remodeling. Moreover, TRA can inducechanges in radial artery lumen diameter driven by an inflammatory response dueto arterial puncture and mechanical friction during the procedure. Nonetheless, amore clinically significant consequence is radial artery occlusion, which is influencedby various procedural and patient-related factors. Strategies to minimizeremodeling include meticulous pre-procedural ultrasound assessment to ensureappropriate sheath-to-artery size matching, periprocedural pharmacologicalinterventions and implementation of patent hemostasis techniques. This reviewsynthesizes current knowledge regarding the mechanisms, clinical implications,and preventive strategies related to radial artery remodeling following TRA. Further research is needed toelucidate the long-term consequences of radial artery remodeling and to refine preventive strategies for preservingradial artery patency and its suitability for future interventions.
基金This project was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30470730, No. 30971273）, the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （No. 9151051501000016）, and the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China （No. A2007425）.
文摘Background Urotensin Ⅱ （UⅡ） is a new vasoconstrictive peptide that may activate the adventitial fibroblasts.Transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） is an important factor that could induce the phenotypical transdifferentiation of adventitial fibroblasts. This study aimed to explore whether TGF-β1 is involved in UⅡ-induced phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts from rat aorta.Methods Adventitial fibroblasts were prepared by the explant culture method. TGF-β1 protein secretion from the cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth nuscle actin （α-SM-actin）, the marker of phenotypic differentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, were determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR （real-time RT-PCR） and Western blotting, respectively.Results UⅡ stimulated the secretion of TGF-β1 in cultured adventitial fibroblasts in a time-dependent manner. The secretion reached a peak at 24 hours, was higher by 69.8% （P ＜0.01）, than the control group. This effect was also concentration dependent. Maximal stimulation was reached at 10-8 mol/L of UⅡ （P ＜0.01）, which was increased by 59.9%,compared with in the control group （P ＜0.01）. The secretion of TGF-β1 induced by UⅡ was significantly blocked by SB-710411 （10-7 mol/L）, a specific antagonist of UⅡ receptor. In addition, both UⅡ （10-8 mol/L） and TGF-β1 significantly stimulated α-SM-actin mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, the α-SM-actin induced by UⅡ was inhibited by the specific neutralizing antibody （20 μg/ml） of TGF-β1, while the α-SM-actin expression stimulated by TGF-β1 （20 ng/ml）was inhibited by SB-710411 （10-7 mol/L）, the UⅡ receptor antagonist.Conclusion This study suggests that UⅡ could induce TGF-β1 secretion in adventitial fibroblasts via UT activation, and TGF-β1 might be involved in phenotypic differentiation from adventitial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts induced by UⅡ, and TGF-β1 signaling might be one of the important pathways by which UⅡ is involved in vascular fibrosis.
基金This project was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30971273 and No. 81270223） and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China （No. 9151051501000016 and No. S2011010000450）.
文摘Background Urotensin Ⅱ （Ull）,a potent vasoconstrictive peptide,is able to stimulate phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts.This study aimed to determine the effect of UII on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP1） expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts,so as to explore possible mechanisms in the development of vascular inflammation.Methods Growth-arrested adventitial fibroblasts were incubated in serum-free medium with UII （1010-10-7 mol/L） and inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for 1 to 24 hours.MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion were determined by RT-PCR,Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,respectively.Results UII dose-and time-dependently promoted MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion in cells,with maximal effect at 10-8 mol/L at 3 hours for mRNA expression,24 hours for protein expression in the cells,and 12 hours for protein secretion from the cells.Furthermore,the UII effects were significantly inhibited by treatment with its receptor antagonist SB710411,Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632,protein kinase C （PKC） inhibitor H7,mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059,calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A,and the Ca2＋channel blocker nicardipine.Conclusion UII may stimulate MCP-1 expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts through its receptor and Rho kinase,PKC,mitogen-activated protein kinase,calcineurin and Ca2＋ channel signal transduction,thus contributing to adventitial inflammation.
文摘Cystic adventitial disease （CAD） is a rare condition characterized by cyst!c lesions of the non-axial blood vessels adjacent to joints;j the majority of cysts are in the lower limb, with popliteal artery predominance. Here, we report a case of cystic adventitial disease in a 47-year-old man who was misdiagnosed and performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty （PTA） in other hospital. He was eventually treated successfully with incision and evacuation of the popliteal cyst and ligation of communicating channels to the knee joint and remains asymptomatic 1 year later.
基金financially supported by Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,China(Grant No.:Z221100007922015)Youth Development Research Foundation of National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,China(Grant No.:2020B1).
文摘Adventitious agents,comprising unintentionally introduced microorganisms in the production of biological products,pose a significant challenge in ensuring the safety of gene therapy products.The revised International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use(ICH)guildline Q5A(R2)from September 2022 highlights the inclusion of viral vector-based gene therapy products in safety discussions,emphasizing controls in material sourcing,testing,and viral clearance[1].Detecting adventitious virus contamination is complex due to the unique characteristics of gene therapy products and the limitations of routine testing methods.The US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)recommends incorporating routine and specific virus detection methods,including those outlined in various pharmacopeias.Existing control methods have limitations,prompting the need for highly sensitive and broad-spectrum detection approaches.Unlike traditional biological products,gene therapy products primarily consist of live viruses,necessitating methods that distinguish between the main virus and adventitious viruses.Current virus detection techniques,such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR),sequencing,mass spectrometry,and DNA microarrays[2e4],have their drawbacks.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1200200)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.23A0190)。
文摘Grapevine(Vitis sp.)is one of the most important economic fruit crops all over the world,and the formation of adventitious roots(ARs)is crucial for the vegetative reproduction of grapes.However,studies on the regulatory mechanisms of this process are currently lacking.In this study,we applied an efficient and convenient leave-petiole(LP)system for studying ARs,revealing a significant inhibition of root primordia formation under continuous-light treatment.The results showed that isolated ARs of grapevine were induced and originated from ray cells near the vascular cambium,with the process categorized into induction,initiation,and extension stages.LP samples under light and dark conditions were used for transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone measurements at three critical time points of AR formation.A total of 37155 transcripts were obtained,and 7041 genes showed significantly different expression levels in the petiole.An integrated analysis,including Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis,weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),and hormonal content determination,showed that several genes(ARF4,LAX1,PIN1,SUS2,APX1,TPXL1,CHS3,etc.)associated with hormone signals,sugar synthesis and transport,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,cell wall biogenesis,flavonoid biosynthesis,microtubule remodeling,and some transcription factors(HY5,COP1,ERF2,MYB15,etc)played vital roles in light-induced AR formation.A hypothetical model was initially constructed,which illustrated the centrality of auxin in HY5-dependent AR formation and the complex crosstalk among various factors.The results of this study provided abundant genetic resources and a novel perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of AR formation in grapevine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32272690 and 32272687)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-30)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(Grant No.2021hszd017)。
文摘Although class A auxin response factors(ARFs)are known to regulate adventitious root(AR)development through the canonical SCFTIR1-Aux/IAA-ARF signaling pathway,the regulatory role of class B ARFs in AR development remains largely unclear.Therefore,this research focused on the role of class B ARF transcription factors in peach(Prunus persica‘Shengli')adventitious root formation.Here,we report the role of a class B ARF gene Pp ARF4 in adventitious root formation in peach.Comparative transcriptome and q RT-PCR analyses showed that the transcription of Pp ARF4 was significantly up-regulated in auxin-treated stem explants.Y2H assay showed that Pp ARF4 had no interaction with Pp IAAs(AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACIDs).Pp ARF4 could bind the promoters of lateral root development gene Pp LBD16 and auxin transport gene Pp PIN1 to activate their transcription.Ectopic overexpression of Pp ARF4 and Pp LBD16 in Arabidopsis promoted AR development.Additionally,Pp ARF4 could act as a negative regulator of flavone synthesis and thus prevent the explants from browning.The results not only provide novel insights into the functions of ARFs in regulating plant growth and development,but will also be useful for fulfilling asexual propagation by stem cuttings in peach.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(202113643016)Univeristy-level Scientific Research Project of Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2022(2022MS017)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC171230).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best planting technology system of Dysosma versipellis.[Methods]The rhizomes of D.versipellis were selected as the propagation material.Experiments were conducted on one-year-old,two-year-old and three-year-old rhizomes to investigate the effects of hormone formula,soaking time,and growth years on the planting technology.[Results]The effects of various factors on the growth rate of D.versipellis ranked as hormone formula>rhizome age>soaking time(h).The optimal combination was A_(2)B_(2)C_(3),which corresponded to three-year-old rhizomes soaked for 12 h in a hormone solution containing BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L.Adventitious roots of D.versipellis(including isolated adventitious roots and adventitious roots attached to two-year-old rhizomes)were also used for propagation,while also considering whether to add Shuangjier(GGR)solution,with soaking times in the GGR solution set at 4,12,and 24 h,respectively.The results indicated that soaking the roots attached to rhizomes in GGR solution for 12 h yielded the highest growth rate.[Conclusions]This study not only provides technical support for the cultivation of D.versipellis,but also offers a reference for formulating corresponding Technical Operating Procedures(SOP)and establishing demonstration bases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32101479)。
文摘Inducing adventitious root(AR)formation in mature walnut species(Juglans L.)is challenging.However,the AR formation of mature trees can be improved by rejuvenation.In rejuvenated cuttings,exogenous indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)is essential for AR formation,and the underlying mechanism is still not well understood.Therefore,we utilized transcriptome sequencing to investigate the mechanism of IBA-induced AR formation.Our results revealed that,in comparison to the control group,IBA treatment(9 mmol·L^(-1))significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)content,leading to an enhanced rooting rate.We performed RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the IBA-treated and control(CK)groups at 1,2,3,and 5 days after cutting(DAC).The results showed that,compared to the control cuttings,there were 1539,889,785,and 984 up-regulated genes and 2791,2936,3017,and 1752 down-regulated genes,at 1,2,3,and 5 DAC,respectively.Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that G-type ATP-binding cassette 36/37(ABCG36/37)and ATP-binding cassette subfamily D 1(ABCD1),associated with IBA transport,were down-regulated in the rejuvenation cuttings.In contrast,PIN-FORMED(PIN)and PINOID(PID),associated with auxin efflux,were up-regulated.We identified 49 auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(AUX/IAA)-encoding genes,including IAA1,IAA3,IAA5,IAA6,IAA8,IAA11,IAA12,IAA19,and IAA20,which were up-regulated at 1-5 DAC in the rejuvenated cuttings.This study highlights that the overexpression of JrWOX5/11 in poplar significantly enhance AR growth,as evidenced by increased root length,surface area,volume,and quantity.Moreover,the co-expression network analysis involving JrWOX11 and JrWOX5 in walnut cuttings elucidates complex genetic interactions,underscoring their pivotal role in the formation of AR.Our data supported the following molecular mechanism of IBA-induced adventitious root formation.Firstly,IBA is converted to free IAA in peroxisomes.Then,the highly concentrated IAA in the procambium and parenchyma cells induces WUSCHEL-related homeobox 11(WOX11)expression at two days.Finally,WOX11 acts redundantly to up-regulate WOX5,initiating the development of root primordia cells.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province,China(20200402115NC).
文摘Tilia amurensis is an economically valuable broadleaf tree species in Northeast China.The production of highqualityT.amurensis varieties at commercial scales has been greatly limited by the low germination rates.Thereis thus a pressing need to develop an organogenesis protocol for in vitro propagation of T.amurensis to alleviate ashortage of high-quality T.amurensis seedlings.Here,we established a rapid in vitro propagation system forT.amurensis from mature zygotic embryos and analyzed the effects of plant growth regulators and culture mediain different stages.We found that Woody plant medium(WPM)was the optimal primary culture medium formature zygotic embryos.The highest callus induction percentage(68.76%)and number of axillary buds induced(3.2)were obtained in WPM+0.89μmol/L 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)+0.46μmol/L kinetin(KT)+0.25μmol/Lindole-3-butryic acid(IBA)+1.44μmol/L gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3)).The multiple shoot bud development achievedthe highest percentage(83.32%)in the Murashige and Skoog(MS)+2.22μmol/L 6-BA+0.25μmol/L IBA+1.44μmol/L GA_(3).The rooting percentage(96.70%)was highest in 1/2 MS medium+1.48μmol/L IBA.Thesurvival percentage of transplanting plantlets was 82.22%in soil:vermiculite:perlite(5:3:1).Our study is the firstto establish an effective organogenesis protocol for T.amurensis using mature zygotic embryos.
基金supported by Jiangsu Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation,Grant No.BK20241175)The project of Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River[Grant No.(23)3104]Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(21)2022]。
文摘Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of rootstock in grafted watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)seedlings.In this study,the effects of different light treatments on root regeneration were determined.This revealed that addition of far-red light(Fr)could significantly expedite root formation in the rootstock.Moreover,the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that plant hormone pathway and auxinrelated genes were greatly induced by Fr,especially for auxin-response proteins(including CmIAA11,CmIAA17,and CmAUX28),Small auxinup RNA genes(including CmSAUR20 and CmSAUR50)and the auxin efflux transporter(CmPIN3).In addition,the expression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor(PIFs),such as CmPIF1,CmPIF3 and CmPIF7,was remarkably increased by Fr.These genes may act together to activate auxinrelated pathways under Fr treatment.Based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analysis,the concentrations of different auxin-types in adventitious root were significantly influenced by Fr.Furthermore,the better growth of rootstock root displayed superior vasculature transport activity of the graft union with Fr treatment,which was determined by the acid magenta dyeing experiment.Therefore,all the results suggested that Fr could induce AR formation in rootstocks,which may be associated with the auxin accumulation by regulating the transcriptional level of auxinrelated and PIF genes.The findings of this study demonstrated a practicable way to shorten the healing period of graftings and improve the quality of grafted watermelon seedlings,which will provide a theoretical basis for the speeding development of industrialized seedlings production.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372675,32372657,32102359)the National Key Research and Development Project,China(2023YFD2301002)+5 种基金the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20240218)the Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China(2023AB077)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2452023005)the China Apple Research System(CARS-27)the Cyrus Tang Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))promotes adventitious root(AR)formation in apple stem cuttings.However,evidence for the possible involvement of cytokinin(CK)in KNO_(3)-mediated AR formation in apples is still lacking.In this study,we cultured GL-3 apple microshoots in different treatment combinations.While the T1(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+6-benzyl adenine(6-BA)2.22μmol L^(-1))and T3(6-BA 2.22μmol L^(-1))treatments completely inhibited AR formation,the control,T2(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)),and T4(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+lovastatin(Lov)1.24μmol L^(-1))treatments developed ARs.However,T4-treated microshoots developed fewer and shorter ARs,indicating that optimum CK synthesis is needed for normal AR growth.This also suggests that these fewer and shorter ARs developed because of the presence of KNO_(3) in the same medium.The anatomy of the stem basal part indicated that the inhibition of CK biosynthesis delayed AR primordia formation.The endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and zeatin riboside(ZR)were higher in T2-treated microshoots,while the abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellic acid 3(GA_(3)),and brassinosteroid(BR)levels were higher in T4-treated microshoots.The expression levels of MdNRT1.1and MdNRT2.1 were higher in T2-treated microshoots at 3 and 8 days,while MdRR2 and MdCKX5 were higher at 8 and 16 days,respectively.Furthermore,higher IAA levels increased MdWOX11 expression,which in turn increased MdLBD16 and MdLBD29 expression in response to T2.The combined expression of these genes stimulated adventitious rooting by upregulating cell cycle-related genes(MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1)in response to T2 treatment.This study shows that specific genes and hormonal pathways contribute to KNO_(3)-CK-mediated adventitious rooting in apples.
基金Supported by Fund for Scientific Research in Yangtze University(CDKF2283)Program of Engineering Research Center of Wetland Agriculture in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River of Ministry of Education~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate differences in differentiation and regeneration of the explants from different parts of Lilium lancifolium（Yixing Lily） in tissue culture.[Method] The different parts of scale,leaf and root of Yixing Lily were cultured as explants on MS basic medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators,so as to compare their capacity to differentiate and regenerate.[Result] The explants had different potential to differentiate（scale root leaf）.The capacity of different scale parts to differentiate was the lower part middle partupper part;the capacity of different leaf parts to differentiate was the leaf base middle part leaf tip;the capacity of different root parts to differentiate was the root base root tip middle part.[Conclusion] Tissue culture could be well applied in propagation of Yixing Lily.
基金Supported by the"Twelfth Five Year Plan"National Science and Technology Plan Project of Rural Areas in China(2012AA100103007)the Transformation Projects of National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements(2013GB2E100381)+2 种基金the Guangxi Innovation Team Project of Staple Vegetable of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(nycytxgxcxtd-03-10)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi(14123006-35,14123004-3-5)the Special Fund for Basal Research in Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2012YT05,2015YT67)~~
文摘[Objective] To research the mass propagation system for cotyledon of Solanum torvum. [Methods] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the research object, ef- fects of hormone combination on callus induction and adventitious buds differentia- tion of S. torvum were researched. [Results] With cotyledon of S. torvum as the ex- plants, the optimal culture medium for callus induction and adventitious buds differ- entiation was MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA. The induction rates of callus and adventitious bud reached 100% and 85%, respectively. The number of average buds was 6. The optimal culture medium for the induction of adventitious roots was MS＋ 0.3 mg/L IAA. The rooting rate reached 100% and the number of average roots was 9. [Conclusions] One-step induction of callus and adventitious buds simplified the mass propagation system, and enhanced the test test efficiency.s
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Projects in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(KGZ-16-07-02)Opening project in National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding in Beijing Forestry University~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application of plant growth regulator thidiazuron（TDZ）in strawberry anther culture.[Method]Different combinations of TDZ and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA）auxine with different concentrations were used for induction culture,and then its effect on callus induction and plant regeneration were observed.[Result] The combination of 1.0 mg/L TDZ＋0.5 mg/LNAA was effective to accelerating the differentiation and regeneration of strawberries,and the differentiation ratio was as high as 75%.However,TDZ showed insignificant effect on strawberries anther induction.[Conclusion]This research had provided reference for large-scale production of strawberry through anther culture.
文摘A procedure for cutting Prunus humilis（Bge）. Sok was comprehensively studied in this paper. It was found that the key factors involved in this procession were medium, rooting accelerator, concentration of rooting accelerator and type of shoot. The results showed that send was used as mediums; Treatment with 1 000 mg/L AST rooting powder No. 2 and semi-woody shoots were the optimal materials for cutting, and the rooting rate reached 88.1%. Anatomical study on rooting of Prunus hum#is（Bge）. Sok cutting has been carded out by the paraffin section method. The observation result shows that the adventitious root primordium of Prunus humili$（Bge）. Sok cutting belongs to the type of induced root primordium. The adventitiousroot primordium originates from the cross region of vascular cambium and pith rays.
文摘Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia characteristic of type diabetes 2 is responsible for the accelerated atherosclerosis with increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we will propose to analyze the effect of a long-term of glucotoxicity in vivo in Psammomys obesus by addition of sucrose to 30% for 11 months and in vitro study of adventitial fibroblasts in the presence of D-glucose 0.6% for 7 days. Materials and methods: Evaluation of plasma biochemical parameters was carried out at the initial time and at the end of experiment. At autopsy, a morphological study of the aorta was performed after fixation in aqueous Bouin and staining with Masson’s trichrome. The experimental glucotoxicity is induced by incubation of fibroblasts in DMEM enriched with D-glucose at 0.6% for 7 days. The impact of glucotoxicity is assessed in the intracellular compartments through dosage of total nitrite and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, and thanks to a morphological assay after fixation of cells with aqueous bouin and blood staining with May Grünwald Giemsa. The evaluation of cell proliferation is accomplished by cell counting. Collagens I and III of the extracellular compartment are characterized by SDS-PAGE. Results: Animals subjected to sucrose showed hyperglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hyperproteinemia, increased CPK and VLDL-LDL and decreased HDL. Histology of aortas revealed endothelial cells hypertrophy, severe disorganization of intima and media. In the presence of glucose, the proliferation of fibroblasts increases very significantly (P = 2.34 × 10-5), the rate of malonaldehyde, nitrite and total density of chains α2 (I) and α1 (I + III) extra-cellular collagens I and III increased significantly. After staining, the cells showed hypertrophy, vacuolation of cytoplasm and chromatin condensation with nuclear fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis. Conclusion: The glucotoxicity induced in vivo and in vitro is responsible for major structural and metabolic alterations leading to the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process.
