This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma pa...This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.展开更多
Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by g...Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by generating reactive free radicals(RFRs)during photolysis.However,due to the unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion rate,strong absorption by oxygen and water molecules,and other characteristics of VUV radiation,its application and development are hindered,leading to misconceptions regarding high energy consumption and insufficient free radical yield.The objectives of our assessment in this review are as follows:The illumination of the photochemical characteristics of VUV and the reactivity of aqueous solutions.Summarization of accurate UV dose and energy evaluation criteria.Comparison and analysis of the photochemical mechanisms and reaction kinetics of different types of EPs via VUV direct photolysis,as well as the interference origins of typical substrates in water for VUV decontamination.We found that quantities typically reported in VUV photochemical reactions of engineered systems are underreported in low-pressure mercury lamp(LPUV)photochemical reactions,especially a quantitative indicator of the species or energy that induces a chemical reaction.The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to assess the fundamental performance of VUV photolysis fully compared with that of UV-C.Some studies have sought to optimize VUV-advanced reduction processes(VUV-ARP)or VUV reactor treatment of these contaminants;however,an abundant evaluation of the reaction origins and processes between VUV-derived main RFRs and reactants(H_(2)O,O_(2),organic matter,inorganic ions,etc.)is essential,cause these scientific elements will provide the possibility to break the application gap for VUV in the field of EPs treating.Overall,the data compilation,analysis,and research recommendations provided in this review will form the basis for all photochemical reactions initiated by VUV radiation with water as the backing agent.展开更多
Outlast Technologies GmbH has been awarded the WTiN Innovate Textile Award in the category Material Innovation for Aersulate®,its aerogel-infused insulation technology.The award honors outstanding achievements in...Outlast Technologies GmbH has been awarded the WTiN Innovate Textile Award in the category Material Innovation for Aersulate®,its aerogel-infused insulation technology.The award honors outstanding achievements in advanced material development and textile innovation.Aersulate® marks a significant advancement in thermal insulation.The technology integrates aerogel,whose highly porous structure efficiently traps air,delivering exceptional thermal performance at extremely low weight and minimal thickness.In AersulateR wadding,aerogel accounts for approximately 50%of the material volume,enabling superior insulation without bulk.展开更多
The Southern Advanced Photon Source(SAPS)is a diffraction-limited synchrotron light source under design,which employs longitudinal injection as its primary injection scheme.This kind of injection scheme requires that ...The Southern Advanced Photon Source(SAPS)is a diffraction-limited synchrotron light source under design,which employs longitudinal injection as its primary injection scheme.This kind of injection scheme requires that the injected beam has a short bunch length and low emittance,and the preferred injector should offer high stability and low cost.Therefore,an injector based on a booster synchrotron was developed.The proposed injector includes a 250 MeV linac,a booster synchrotron that ramps the beam energy to 3.5 GeV,and two beam transport lines to ensure efficient beam delivery and beam quality preservation.The linac utilizes a thermionic high-voltage DC gun for reliable operation and features a bunching system with an advanced focusing system to preserve the emittance.To meet the injection requirements of the SAPS,a comprehensive design for the booster has been conducted.The booster synchrotron employs a threefold lattice structure,incorporating modified theoretical minimum emittance cells with a small momentum compaction factor and a high voltage to achieve an emittance of 3.98 nm rad and a bunch length of 4.8 mm.The injector has the potential to deliver a high charge,reducing the injection period of the storage ring to less than 1 min.Simulations demonstrated the expected performance,with a transmission efficiency of 90%,confirming its capability to meet the injection requirement of the SAPS storage ring.This design offers a stable and efficient solution for the SAPS.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoTs)devices are bringing about a revolutionary change our society by enabling connectivity regardless of time and location.However,The extensive deployment of these devices also makes them attracti...Internet of Things(IoTs)devices are bringing about a revolutionary change our society by enabling connectivity regardless of time and location.However,The extensive deployment of these devices also makes them attractive victims for themalicious actions of adversaries.Within the spectrumof existing threats,Side-ChannelAttacks(SCAs)have established themselves as an effective way to compromise cryptographic implementations.These attacks exploit unintended,unintended physical leakage that occurs during the cryptographic execution of devices,bypassing the theoretical strength of the crypto design.In recent times,the advancement of deep learning has provided SCAs with a powerful ally.Well-trained deep-learningmodels demonstrate an exceptional capacity to identify correlations between side-channel measurements and sensitive data,thereby significantly enhancing such attacks.To further understand the security threats posed by deep-learning SCAs and to aid in formulating robust countermeasures in the future,this paper undertakes an exhaustive investigation of leading-edge SCAs targeting Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)implementations.The study specifically focuses on attacks that exploit power consumption and electromagnetic(EM)emissions as primary leakage sources,systematically evaluating the extent to which diverse deep learning techniques enhance SCAs acrossmultiple critical dimensions.These dimensions include:(i)the characteristics of publicly available datasets derived from various hardware and software platforms;(ii)the formalization of leakage models tailored to different attack scenarios;(iii)the architectural suitability and performance of state-of-the-art deep learning models.Furthermore,the survey provides a systematic synthesis of current research findings,identifies significant unresolved issues in the existing literature and suggests promising directions for future work,including cross-device attack transferability and the impact of quantum-classical hybrid computing on side-channel security.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI ...Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.展开更多
We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by&quo...We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China".We apologized for the inconvenience caused by this error.展开更多
Background:The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)remain uncertain.This study a...Background:The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)remain uncertain.This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with LARC undergoing robotic-assisted surgery and to determine the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 252 patients with LARC who were treated at a single medical center in Taiwan between January 2012 and January 2023.All patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by robotic-assisted surgery with total mesorectal excision(TME).Patients were stratified into four groups on the basis of pretreatment NLRs and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic indicators for overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).Results:Patients with a pretreatment NLR of≥3.2 exhibited significantly worse OS and DFS compared with those with an NLR of<3.2(OS:94.4 vs.116.5 months,p=0.001;DFS:78.8 vs.101.7 months,p=0.003).Group A exhibited the poorest prognosis,whereas Group D had the most favorable outcomes.Multivariate analysis revealed NLR≥3.2 as an independent predictor of poor OS(hazard ratio[HR]=2.306,95%CI:1.149-3.747;p=0.001)and DFS(HR=2.055,95%CI:1.341-3.148;p=0.001).Conclusion:Neoadjuvant concurrent CRT followed by robotic-assisted TME is an effective treatment strategy for LARC.A higher pretreatment NLR(≥3.2)independently predicted worse OS and DFS.Stratification using the NLR in combination with CEA levels may enhance prognostic accuracy for patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery for LARC.展开更多
Groundwater is a key part of the terrestrial ecosystem,but it is vulnerable to pollution in the context of chemical industry development.Treating contaminated groundwater is challenging due to its stable water quality...Groundwater is a key part of the terrestrial ecosystem,but it is vulnerable to pollution in the context of chemical industry development.Treating contaminated groundwater is challenging due to its stable water quality,hidden contamination,and complex treatment requirements.Current research focuses on advanced treatment technologies,among which the advanced oxidation process(AOPs) of peroxomonosulfate(PMS) has great potential.Although there are many reviews of PMS-based AOP,most of them focus on surface water.This review aims to explore the activation reaction of PMS to groundwater by in-situ chemical oxidation(ISCO) technology,further study the reaction mechanism,compare the treatment effect of characteristic pollutants in the groundwater of the chemical industry park,propose new activation methods and catalyst selection,and provide guidance for future groundwater treatment research.展开更多
Immunotherapy has brought unprecedented breakthroughs to advanced malignant tumors,yet the immune microenvironment shaped by the tumor stroma has often been underestimated in the traditional focus on the“immune check...Immunotherapy has brought unprecedented breakthroughs to advanced malignant tumors,yet the immune microenvironment shaped by the tumor stroma has often been underestimated in the traditional focus on the“immune checkpoint-T cell”axis.Collagen not only constitutes a mechanical barrier that distinguishes between the periphery and core of solid tumors but also systematically remodels the orientation of metabolism,vasculature,and immune cell phenotypic plasticity through its spatial density,fiber arrangement,and crosslinking patterns(F igure 1)[1,2].Abundant evidence suggests that over-accumulated types I and III collagen drive CD8+T cell exhaustion,NK cell functional inhibition,and tumor-associated macrophage polarization through ligand-receptor networks involving LAIR-1,DDR2,andβ1/β3 integrins[3-6].Mechanistically,collagen engagement of LAIR-1 delivers inhibitory signals in effector lymphocytes,promoting dysfunctional or exhausted states[7-9].In parallel,collagen-β1/β3 integrin signaling activates mechanotransduction pathways(e.g.,FAK/SRC),reducing T-cell motility and immune-tumor contact,while DDR2 activation supports matrix-remodeling programs that limit lymphocyte trafficking.展开更多
Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in de...Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.展开更多
Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent ...Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.展开更多
Lateral movement represents the most covert and critical phase of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),and its detection still faces two primary challenges:sample scarcity and“cold start”of new entities.To address thes...Lateral movement represents the most covert and critical phase of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),and its detection still faces two primary challenges:sample scarcity and“cold start”of new entities.To address these challenges,we propose an Uncertainty-Driven Graph Embedding-Enhanced Lateral Movement Detection framework(UGEA-LMD).First,the framework employs event-level incremental encoding on a continuous-time graph to capture fine-grained behavioral evolution,enabling newly appearing nodes to retain temporal contextual awareness even in the absence of historical interactions and thereby fundamentally mitigating the cold-start problem.Second,in the embedding space,we model the dependency structure among feature dimensions using a Gaussian copula to quantify the uncertainty distribution,and generate augmented samples with consistent structural and semantic properties through adaptive sampling,thus expanding the representation space of sparse samples and enhancing the model’s generalization under sparse sample conditions.Unlike static graph methods that cannot model temporal dependencies or data augmentation techniques that depend on predefined structures,UGEA-LMD offers both superior temporaldynamic modeling and structural generalization.Experimental results on the large-scale LANL log dataset demonstrate that,under the transductive setting,UGEA-LMD achieves an AUC of 0.9254;even when 10%of nodes or edges are withheld during training,UGEA-LMD significantly outperforms baseline methods on metrics such as recall and AUC,confirming its robustness and generalization capability in sparse-sample and cold-start scenarios.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paternal perinatal depression(PPD)is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges,marital strain,and adverse child developmental outcomes.Despite its significant impact,PPD remains under-recogn...BACKGROUND Paternal perinatal depression(PPD)is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges,marital strain,and adverse child developmental outcomes.Despite its significant impact,PPD remains under-recognized in family-centered clinical practice.Concurrently,against the backdrop of rising rates of delayed marriage and China’s Maternity Incentive Policy,the proportion of women giving birth at an advanced maternal age is increasing.Nevertheless,research specifically examining PPD among spouses of older mothers remains critically scarce,both in China and globally.AIM To investigate PPD and its influencing factors in Chinese advanced maternal age families.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 358 participants;it was conducted among fathers of pregnant women of advanced maternal age at five hospitals in the Pearl River Delta region of China from September 2023 to June 2024.Data were collected via a general information questionnaire,the Social Support Rating Scale,and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Latent profile analysis and regression mixture models(RMMs)were adopted to analyze the latent PPD types and factors that influenced PPD.RESULTS The incidence of PPD was 16.48%,and three profiles were identified:Low-symptomatic(175 cases,48.89%),monophasic(140 cases,39.10%),and high-symptomatic(43 cases,12.01%).The RMM analysis revealed that first pregnancy,low income(<¥3000/month),part-time work,and a history of abnormal pregnancy were positively associated with the high-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Conversely,high subjective support and support utilization were negatively associated with the high-symptomatic type compared with the low-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Good couple relationships,high objective and subjective support,and high support utilization were negatively associated with monophasic disorder(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PPD incidence is high among Chinese fathers with advanced maternal age partners,and the characteristics of depression are varied.Healthcare practitioners should prioritize individuals with low levels of social support.展开更多
Advanced biological systems are characterized by dynamic,complex,and functional biointerfaces.Human skin,for example,exemplifies such a biointerface,featuring diverse micro-and nano-scale surface structures.It serves ...Advanced biological systems are characterized by dynamic,complex,and functional biointerfaces.Human skin,for example,exemplifies such a biointerface,featuring diverse micro-and nano-scale surface structures.It serves as an ideal window for bioelectronic devices to acquire vital physiological information,enabling continuous health monitoring,and disease intervention.展开更多
The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser plays a critical role in advanced semiconductor chip manufacturing[1,2],micro-nano material characterization[3,4]and biomedical analysis[5,6],due to its high spatial resolution an...The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser plays a critical role in advanced semiconductor chip manufacturing[1,2],micro-nano material characterization[3,4]and biomedical analysis[5,6],due to its high spatial resolution and short wavelength.Efficient and compact 193 nm DUV laser source thus becomes a hot research area.Currently,193 nm Ar F excimer gas laser is widely employed in DUV lithography systems and serves as the enabling technology for 7 and 5 nm semiconductor fabrication.展开更多
I offer suggestions to increase the probability of success of an international research project.Collaborative studies often produce more innovative and transformative scientific results than work done by a single inve...I offer suggestions to increase the probability of success of an international research project.Collaborative studies often produce more innovative and transformative scientific results than work done by a single investigator or an isolated team.My advice is intended for early-career scientists.The product of the collaboration may be high-impact research publications,enhanced geophysical monitoring capabilities in a foreign country,or an advanced training course.Choosing the right international partner is the most important step.Keeping an open mind and being receptive to suggestions to modify the initial concept is critical.Other key steps include having a mutually agreed upon plan with achievable goals and well-defined expected outcomes.International cooperation is a richly rewarding experience that accelerates progress in the Earth Sciences.展开更多
Water scarcity,exacerbated by organic micropollutant contamination and climate change,necessitates energy-efficient,eco-friendly purification technologies.Membrane separation has emerged as a transformative solution,o...Water scarcity,exacerbated by organic micropollutant contamination and climate change,necessitates energy-efficient,eco-friendly purification technologies.Membrane separation has emerged as a transformative solution,outperforming energyintensive processes,such as distillation.As highlighted in Nature,traditional chemical separations—dominated by distillation—consume 10%-15%of global energy,whereas advanced membrane technologies can reduce energy use by up to 90%.展开更多
Background:Locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LA-LSCC)presents clinical challenges due to the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate miR-449a as a diagnostic and prognost...Background:Locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LA-LSCC)presents clinical challenges due to the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate miR-449a as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LA-LSCC.Methods:miR-449a expression was analyzed in tumor tissues,adjacent normal tissues,and serum from 81 LA-LSCC patients and 50 controls using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).We assessed the diagnostic accuracy by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve(ROC curves),clinicopathological associations,survival outcomes(Kaplan-Meier),and treatment response dynamics.Results:miR-449a was significantly downregulated in LA-LSCC tissues(p<0.0001)and serum(p<0.0001),with a strong tissue-serum correlation(R^(2)=0.988).Tissue miR-449a demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy(Area Under the Curve,AUC=0.857),while serum showed moderate accuracy(AUC=0.734).High miR-449a expression correlated with favorable clinicopathological features and improved survival(median overall survival:67.82 vs.23.74 months;p=0.0012).Multivariate analysis confirmed miR-449a as an independent prognostic factor(p<0.001).miR-449a levels increased post-treatment,particularly in responders to chemotherapy/radiation(p<0.0001).Conclusion:miR-449a serves as a non-invasive biomarker for LA-LSCC diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment monitoring.Its dynamic expression highlights potential for risk stratification and therapy response prediction,warranting further validation in larger cohorts.展开更多
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things(IoT)and Edge Artificial Intelligence(AI)has redefined automation and connectivity acrossmodern networks.However,the heterogeneity and limited resources of IoT devices expo...The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things(IoT)and Edge Artificial Intelligence(AI)has redefined automation and connectivity acrossmodern networks.However,the heterogeneity and limited resources of IoT devices expose them to increasingly sophisticated and persistentmalware attacks.These adaptive and stealthy threats can evade conventional detection,establish remote control,propagate across devices,exfiltrate sensitive data,and compromise network integrity.This study presents a Software-Defined Internet of Things(SD-IoT)control-plane-based,AI-driven framework that integrates Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)and Long Short-TermMemory(LSTM)networks for efficient detection of evolving multi-vector,malware-driven botnet attacks.The proposed CUDA-enabled hybrid deep learning(DL)framework performs centralized real-time detection without adding computational overhead to IoT nodes.A feature selection strategy combining variable clustering,attribute evaluation,one-R attribute evaluation,correlation analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA)enhances detection accuracy and reduces complexity.The framework is rigorously evaluated using the N_BaIoT dataset under k-fold cross-validation.Experimental results achieve 99.96%detection accuracy,a false positive rate(FPR)of 0.0035%,and a detection latency of 0.18 ms,confirming its high efficiency and scalability.The findings demonstrate the framework’s potential as a robust and intelligent security solution for next-generation IoT ecosystems.展开更多
文摘This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3210100).
文摘Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by generating reactive free radicals(RFRs)during photolysis.However,due to the unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion rate,strong absorption by oxygen and water molecules,and other characteristics of VUV radiation,its application and development are hindered,leading to misconceptions regarding high energy consumption and insufficient free radical yield.The objectives of our assessment in this review are as follows:The illumination of the photochemical characteristics of VUV and the reactivity of aqueous solutions.Summarization of accurate UV dose and energy evaluation criteria.Comparison and analysis of the photochemical mechanisms and reaction kinetics of different types of EPs via VUV direct photolysis,as well as the interference origins of typical substrates in water for VUV decontamination.We found that quantities typically reported in VUV photochemical reactions of engineered systems are underreported in low-pressure mercury lamp(LPUV)photochemical reactions,especially a quantitative indicator of the species or energy that induces a chemical reaction.The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to assess the fundamental performance of VUV photolysis fully compared with that of UV-C.Some studies have sought to optimize VUV-advanced reduction processes(VUV-ARP)or VUV reactor treatment of these contaminants;however,an abundant evaluation of the reaction origins and processes between VUV-derived main RFRs and reactants(H_(2)O,O_(2),organic matter,inorganic ions,etc.)is essential,cause these scientific elements will provide the possibility to break the application gap for VUV in the field of EPs treating.Overall,the data compilation,analysis,and research recommendations provided in this review will form the basis for all photochemical reactions initiated by VUV radiation with water as the backing agent.
文摘Outlast Technologies GmbH has been awarded the WTiN Innovate Textile Award in the category Material Innovation for Aersulate®,its aerogel-infused insulation technology.The award honors outstanding achievements in advanced material development and textile innovation.Aersulate® marks a significant advancement in thermal insulation.The technology integrates aerogel,whose highly porous structure efficiently traps air,delivering exceptional thermal performance at extremely low weight and minimal thickness.In AersulateR wadding,aerogel accounts for approximately 50%of the material volume,enabling superior insulation without bulk.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2021B1515140007).
文摘The Southern Advanced Photon Source(SAPS)is a diffraction-limited synchrotron light source under design,which employs longitudinal injection as its primary injection scheme.This kind of injection scheme requires that the injected beam has a short bunch length and low emittance,and the preferred injector should offer high stability and low cost.Therefore,an injector based on a booster synchrotron was developed.The proposed injector includes a 250 MeV linac,a booster synchrotron that ramps the beam energy to 3.5 GeV,and two beam transport lines to ensure efficient beam delivery and beam quality preservation.The linac utilizes a thermionic high-voltage DC gun for reliable operation and features a bunching system with an advanced focusing system to preserve the emittance.To meet the injection requirements of the SAPS,a comprehensive design for the booster has been conducted.The booster synchrotron employs a threefold lattice structure,incorporating modified theoretical minimum emittance cells with a small momentum compaction factor and a high voltage to achieve an emittance of 3.98 nm rad and a bunch length of 4.8 mm.The injector has the potential to deliver a high charge,reducing the injection period of the storage ring to less than 1 min.Simulations demonstrated the expected performance,with a transmission efficiency of 90%,confirming its capability to meet the injection requirement of the SAPS storage ring.This design offers a stable and efficient solution for the SAPS.
基金The Key R&D Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2025AQ2024)of the Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province.Distinguished Young Scientists Fund(Grant No.24B0446)of Hunan Education Department.
文摘Internet of Things(IoTs)devices are bringing about a revolutionary change our society by enabling connectivity regardless of time and location.However,The extensive deployment of these devices also makes them attractive victims for themalicious actions of adversaries.Within the spectrumof existing threats,Side-ChannelAttacks(SCAs)have established themselves as an effective way to compromise cryptographic implementations.These attacks exploit unintended,unintended physical leakage that occurs during the cryptographic execution of devices,bypassing the theoretical strength of the crypto design.In recent times,the advancement of deep learning has provided SCAs with a powerful ally.Well-trained deep-learningmodels demonstrate an exceptional capacity to identify correlations between side-channel measurements and sensitive data,thereby significantly enhancing such attacks.To further understand the security threats posed by deep-learning SCAs and to aid in formulating robust countermeasures in the future,this paper undertakes an exhaustive investigation of leading-edge SCAs targeting Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)implementations.The study specifically focuses on attacks that exploit power consumption and electromagnetic(EM)emissions as primary leakage sources,systematically evaluating the extent to which diverse deep learning techniques enhance SCAs acrossmultiple critical dimensions.These dimensions include:(i)the characteristics of publicly available datasets derived from various hardware and software platforms;(ii)the formalization of leakage models tailored to different attack scenarios;(iii)the architectural suitability and performance of state-of-the-art deep learning models.Furthermore,the survey provides a systematic synthesis of current research findings,identifies significant unresolved issues in the existing literature and suggests promising directions for future work,including cross-device attack transferability and the impact of quantum-classical hybrid computing on side-channel security.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-WZ1Y,1-W34U,4-YWER).
文摘Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.
文摘We are sorry for the mistakes of Affiliation,"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China"should be replaced by"a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China".We apologized for the inconvenience caused by this error.
基金supported by grants through funding from the National Science and Technology Council(NSTC112-2314-B-037-050-MY3,NSTC114-2314-B-037-103-MY3,NSTC114-2321-B-037-003)the Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW113-TDU-B-222-134014)+3 种基金funded by the health and welfare surcharge of on tobacco products,and the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital(KMUH113-3R31,KMUH113-3R32,KMUH113-3R33,KMUH113-3M58,KMUH113-3M59,KMUH-S11412,KMUH-SH11403)Kaohsiung Medical University Research Center Grant(KMU-TC113A04)National Tsing Hua University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Project(NTHU-KMU-KT114P008)supported by the Grant of Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative and Taiwan Biobank,Academia Sinica,Taiwan.
文摘Background:The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)remain uncertain.This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with LARC undergoing robotic-assisted surgery and to determine the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 252 patients with LARC who were treated at a single medical center in Taiwan between January 2012 and January 2023.All patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by robotic-assisted surgery with total mesorectal excision(TME).Patients were stratified into four groups on the basis of pretreatment NLRs and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic indicators for overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).Results:Patients with a pretreatment NLR of≥3.2 exhibited significantly worse OS and DFS compared with those with an NLR of<3.2(OS:94.4 vs.116.5 months,p=0.001;DFS:78.8 vs.101.7 months,p=0.003).Group A exhibited the poorest prognosis,whereas Group D had the most favorable outcomes.Multivariate analysis revealed NLR≥3.2 as an independent predictor of poor OS(hazard ratio[HR]=2.306,95%CI:1.149-3.747;p=0.001)and DFS(HR=2.055,95%CI:1.341-3.148;p=0.001).Conclusion:Neoadjuvant concurrent CRT followed by robotic-assisted TME is an effective treatment strategy for LARC.A higher pretreatment NLR(≥3.2)independently predicted worse OS and DFS.Stratification using the NLR in combination with CEA levels may enhance prognostic accuracy for patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery for LARC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2023YFC3708005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21872102,22172080)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nankai University,No.63241208)。
文摘Groundwater is a key part of the terrestrial ecosystem,but it is vulnerable to pollution in the context of chemical industry development.Treating contaminated groundwater is challenging due to its stable water quality,hidden contamination,and complex treatment requirements.Current research focuses on advanced treatment technologies,among which the advanced oxidation process(AOPs) of peroxomonosulfate(PMS) has great potential.Although there are many reviews of PMS-based AOP,most of them focus on surface water.This review aims to explore the activation reaction of PMS to groundwater by in-situ chemical oxidation(ISCO) technology,further study the reaction mechanism,compare the treatment effect of characteristic pollutants in the groundwater of the chemical industry park,propose new activation methods and catalyst selection,and provide guidance for future groundwater treatment research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472842 and 82473350)and Wuxi Double-Hundred Talent Fund Project(BJ2023075).
文摘Immunotherapy has brought unprecedented breakthroughs to advanced malignant tumors,yet the immune microenvironment shaped by the tumor stroma has often been underestimated in the traditional focus on the“immune checkpoint-T cell”axis.Collagen not only constitutes a mechanical barrier that distinguishes between the periphery and core of solid tumors but also systematically remodels the orientation of metabolism,vasculature,and immune cell phenotypic plasticity through its spatial density,fiber arrangement,and crosslinking patterns(F igure 1)[1,2].Abundant evidence suggests that over-accumulated types I and III collagen drive CD8+T cell exhaustion,NK cell functional inhibition,and tumor-associated macrophage polarization through ligand-receptor networks involving LAIR-1,DDR2,andβ1/β3 integrins[3-6].Mechanistically,collagen engagement of LAIR-1 delivers inhibitory signals in effector lymphocytes,promoting dysfunctional or exhausted states[7-9].In parallel,collagen-β1/β3 integrin signaling activates mechanotransduction pathways(e.g.,FAK/SRC),reducing T-cell motility and immune-tumor contact,while DDR2 activation supports matrix-remodeling programs that limit lymphocyte trafficking.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075137)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140161)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JJB 110003)the Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800936312)the high-level talent program of Dongguan University of Technology(No.221110080)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202103014).
文摘Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.
文摘Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.
基金supported by the Zhongyuan University of Technology Discipline Backbone Teacher Support Program Project(No.GG202417)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan under Grant 251111212000.
文摘Lateral movement represents the most covert and critical phase of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),and its detection still faces two primary challenges:sample scarcity and“cold start”of new entities.To address these challenges,we propose an Uncertainty-Driven Graph Embedding-Enhanced Lateral Movement Detection framework(UGEA-LMD).First,the framework employs event-level incremental encoding on a continuous-time graph to capture fine-grained behavioral evolution,enabling newly appearing nodes to retain temporal contextual awareness even in the absence of historical interactions and thereby fundamentally mitigating the cold-start problem.Second,in the embedding space,we model the dependency structure among feature dimensions using a Gaussian copula to quantify the uncertainty distribution,and generate augmented samples with consistent structural and semantic properties through adaptive sampling,thus expanding the representation space of sparse samples and enhancing the model’s generalization under sparse sample conditions.Unlike static graph methods that cannot model temporal dependencies or data augmentation techniques that depend on predefined structures,UGEA-LMD offers both superior temporaldynamic modeling and structural generalization.Experimental results on the large-scale LANL log dataset demonstrate that,under the transductive setting,UGEA-LMD achieves an AUC of 0.9254;even when 10%of nodes or edges are withheld during training,UGEA-LMD significantly outperforms baseline methods on metrics such as recall and AUC,confirming its robustness and generalization capability in sparse-sample and cold-start scenarios.
基金Supported by High-level Professional Groups in Gangdong Province,No.GSPZYQ2020101Guangdong Province Educational Research Planning Project,No.2024GXJK742。
文摘BACKGROUND Paternal perinatal depression(PPD)is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges,marital strain,and adverse child developmental outcomes.Despite its significant impact,PPD remains under-recognized in family-centered clinical practice.Concurrently,against the backdrop of rising rates of delayed marriage and China’s Maternity Incentive Policy,the proportion of women giving birth at an advanced maternal age is increasing.Nevertheless,research specifically examining PPD among spouses of older mothers remains critically scarce,both in China and globally.AIM To investigate PPD and its influencing factors in Chinese advanced maternal age families.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 358 participants;it was conducted among fathers of pregnant women of advanced maternal age at five hospitals in the Pearl River Delta region of China from September 2023 to June 2024.Data were collected via a general information questionnaire,the Social Support Rating Scale,and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Latent profile analysis and regression mixture models(RMMs)were adopted to analyze the latent PPD types and factors that influenced PPD.RESULTS The incidence of PPD was 16.48%,and three profiles were identified:Low-symptomatic(175 cases,48.89%),monophasic(140 cases,39.10%),and high-symptomatic(43 cases,12.01%).The RMM analysis revealed that first pregnancy,low income(<¥3000/month),part-time work,and a history of abnormal pregnancy were positively associated with the high-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Conversely,high subjective support and support utilization were negatively associated with the high-symptomatic type compared with the low-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Good couple relationships,high objective and subjective support,and high support utilization were negatively associated with monophasic disorder(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PPD incidence is high among Chinese fathers with advanced maternal age partners,and the characteristics of depression are varied.Healthcare practitioners should prioritize individuals with low levels of social support.
文摘Advanced biological systems are characterized by dynamic,complex,and functional biointerfaces.Human skin,for example,exemplifies such a biointerface,featuring diverse micro-and nano-scale surface structures.It serves as an ideal window for bioelectronic devices to acquire vital physiological information,enabling continuous health monitoring,and disease intervention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62450006,62304217,62274157,62127807,62234011,62034008,62074142,62074140)Tianshan Innovation Team Program(Grant No.2022TSYCTD0005)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0880000)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.2023124,Y2023032)。
文摘The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser plays a critical role in advanced semiconductor chip manufacturing[1,2],micro-nano material characterization[3,4]and biomedical analysis[5,6],due to its high spatial resolution and short wavelength.Efficient and compact 193 nm DUV laser source thus becomes a hot research area.Currently,193 nm Ar F excimer gas laser is widely employed in DUV lithography systems and serves as the enabling technology for 7 and 5 nm semiconductor fabrication.
文摘I offer suggestions to increase the probability of success of an international research project.Collaborative studies often produce more innovative and transformative scientific results than work done by a single investigator or an isolated team.My advice is intended for early-career scientists.The product of the collaboration may be high-impact research publications,enhanced geophysical monitoring capabilities in a foreign country,or an advanced training course.Choosing the right international partner is the most important step.Keeping an open mind and being receptive to suggestions to modify the initial concept is critical.Other key steps include having a mutually agreed upon plan with achievable goals and well-defined expected outcomes.International cooperation is a richly rewarding experience that accelerates progress in the Earth Sciences.
文摘Water scarcity,exacerbated by organic micropollutant contamination and climate change,necessitates energy-efficient,eco-friendly purification technologies.Membrane separation has emerged as a transformative solution,outperforming energyintensive processes,such as distillation.As highlighted in Nature,traditional chemical separations—dominated by distillation—consume 10%-15%of global energy,whereas advanced membrane technologies can reduce energy use by up to 90%.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work through project No.(TU-DSPP-2024-54).
文摘Background:Locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LA-LSCC)presents clinical challenges due to the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers.This study aimed to evaluate miR-449a as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LA-LSCC.Methods:miR-449a expression was analyzed in tumor tissues,adjacent normal tissues,and serum from 81 LA-LSCC patients and 50 controls using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).We assessed the diagnostic accuracy by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve(ROC curves),clinicopathological associations,survival outcomes(Kaplan-Meier),and treatment response dynamics.Results:miR-449a was significantly downregulated in LA-LSCC tissues(p<0.0001)and serum(p<0.0001),with a strong tissue-serum correlation(R^(2)=0.988).Tissue miR-449a demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy(Area Under the Curve,AUC=0.857),while serum showed moderate accuracy(AUC=0.734).High miR-449a expression correlated with favorable clinicopathological features and improved survival(median overall survival:67.82 vs.23.74 months;p=0.0012).Multivariate analysis confirmed miR-449a as an independent prognostic factor(p<0.001).miR-449a levels increased post-treatment,particularly in responders to chemotherapy/radiation(p<0.0001).Conclusion:miR-449a serves as a non-invasive biomarker for LA-LSCC diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment monitoring.Its dynamic expression highlights potential for risk stratification and therapy response prediction,warranting further validation in larger cohorts.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting ProjectNumber(PNURSP2025R97),PrincessNourah bint AbdulrahmanUniversity,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things(IoT)and Edge Artificial Intelligence(AI)has redefined automation and connectivity acrossmodern networks.However,the heterogeneity and limited resources of IoT devices expose them to increasingly sophisticated and persistentmalware attacks.These adaptive and stealthy threats can evade conventional detection,establish remote control,propagate across devices,exfiltrate sensitive data,and compromise network integrity.This study presents a Software-Defined Internet of Things(SD-IoT)control-plane-based,AI-driven framework that integrates Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)and Long Short-TermMemory(LSTM)networks for efficient detection of evolving multi-vector,malware-driven botnet attacks.The proposed CUDA-enabled hybrid deep learning(DL)framework performs centralized real-time detection without adding computational overhead to IoT nodes.A feature selection strategy combining variable clustering,attribute evaluation,one-R attribute evaluation,correlation analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA)enhances detection accuracy and reduces complexity.The framework is rigorously evaluated using the N_BaIoT dataset under k-fold cross-validation.Experimental results achieve 99.96%detection accuracy,a false positive rate(FPR)of 0.0035%,and a detection latency of 0.18 ms,confirming its high efficiency and scalability.The findings demonstrate the framework’s potential as a robust and intelligent security solution for next-generation IoT ecosystems.
