BACKGROUND Paternal perinatal depression(PPD)is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges,marital strain,and adverse child developmental outcomes.Despite its significant impact,PPD remains under-recogn...BACKGROUND Paternal perinatal depression(PPD)is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges,marital strain,and adverse child developmental outcomes.Despite its significant impact,PPD remains under-recognized in family-centered clinical practice.Concurrently,against the backdrop of rising rates of delayed marriage and China’s Maternity Incentive Policy,the proportion of women giving birth at an advanced maternal age is increasing.Nevertheless,research specifically examining PPD among spouses of older mothers remains critically scarce,both in China and globally.AIM To investigate PPD and its influencing factors in Chinese advanced maternal age families.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 358 participants;it was conducted among fathers of pregnant women of advanced maternal age at five hospitals in the Pearl River Delta region of China from September 2023 to June 2024.Data were collected via a general information questionnaire,the Social Support Rating Scale,and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Latent profile analysis and regression mixture models(RMMs)were adopted to analyze the latent PPD types and factors that influenced PPD.RESULTS The incidence of PPD was 16.48%,and three profiles were identified:Low-symptomatic(175 cases,48.89%),monophasic(140 cases,39.10%),and high-symptomatic(43 cases,12.01%).The RMM analysis revealed that first pregnancy,low income(<¥3000/month),part-time work,and a history of abnormal pregnancy were positively associated with the high-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Conversely,high subjective support and support utilization were negatively associated with the high-symptomatic type compared with the low-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Good couple relationships,high objective and subjective support,and high support utilization were negatively associated with monophasic disorder(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PPD incidence is high among Chinese fathers with advanced maternal age partners,and the characteristics of depression are varied.Healthcare practitioners should prioritize individuals with low levels of social support.展开更多
This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma pa...This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI ...Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Xiahuo Pingwei San(夏藿平胃散,XHPWS)on ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms through a network pharmacology approach.METHODS:Ultra-perf...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Xiahuo Pingwei San(夏藿平胃散,XHPWS)on ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms through a network pharmacology approach.METHODS:Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was utilized to identify the chemical composition and authenticate the active constituents of XHPWS,ensuring rigorous quality control across batches.A dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model was established in C57BL/6 mice,which were treated with XHPWS in vivo.The efficacy against UC was assessed by measuring parameters such as body weight,disease activity index(DAI)scores,and colon length.Levels of inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),in colonic tissue were evaluated using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Histological analysis of colon sections was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining.A network pharmacology approach was employed to explore the mechanisms of XHPWS and to predict its potential targets in UC treatment.Predicted protein expressions in colonic tissue were validated using immune-ohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blotting techniques.RESULTS:XHPWS effectively alle via ted DSS-induced UC symptoms in mice,as evidenced by restored body weight,reduced colon shortening,and decreased DAI scores.Histopathological examination revealed that XHPWS significantly reduced intestinal inflammatory infiltration,restored intestinal epithelial permeability,and increased goblet cell count.Network pharmacology analysis identified 63 active compounds in XHPWS and suggested that it might target 35 potential proteins associated with UC treatment.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the protective mechanism of XHPWS could be related to the advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products(AGE-RAGE)signaling pathway.Notably,quercetin,kaempferol,wogonin,and nobiletin,the main components of XHPWS,showed strong correlations with the core targets.Additionally,experimental validation demonstrated that XHPWS significantly decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in UC mice,while downregulating the expression of proteins related to the AGE-RAGE pathway.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that XHPWS effectively alle via tes colitis symptoms and inflammation in UC mice,potentially through the regulation of the AGE-RAGE pathway.These findings provide strong evidence for the therapeutic potential of XHPWS in UC treatment,thereby broadening its clinical applications.展开更多
Low-valent sulfur oxy-acid salts(LVSOs)represent a category of oxygen-containing salts characterized by their potent reducing capabilities.Notably,sulfite,dithionite,and thiosulfate are prevalent reducing agents that ...Low-valent sulfur oxy-acid salts(LVSOs)represent a category of oxygen-containing salts characterized by their potent reducing capabilities.Notably,sulfite,dithionite,and thiosulfate are prevalent reducing agents that are readily available,cost-effective,and exhibit minimal ecological toxicity.These LVSOs have the ability to generate or promote the generation of strong oxidants or reductants,which makes them widely used in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)and advanced reduction processes(ARPs).This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in AOPs and ARPs involving LVSOs,alongside an examination of the fundamental principles governing the generation of active species within these processes.LVSOs fulfill three primary functions in AOPs:Serving as sources of reactive oxygen species(ROS),auxiliary agents,and activators.Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the reaction mechanisms through which LVSOs,in conjunction with metal ions,metal oxides,ultraviolet light(UV),and ozone,produce potent oxidizing agents in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.Regarding ARPs,this review delineates the mechanisms by which LVSOs generate strong reducing agents,including hydrated electrons,hydrogen radicals,and sulfite radicals,under UV irradiation,while also exploring the interactions between these reductants and pollutants.The review identifies existing gaps within the current framework and proposes future research avenues to address these challenges.展开更多
Boron carbide(B4C)and its composite materials demonstrate versatile applicability in energy storage technologies,particularly within new energy battery systems.This review systematically examines recent advances in th...Boron carbide(B4C)and its composite materials demonstrate versatile applicability in energy storage technologies,particularly within new energy battery systems.This review systematically examines recent advances in their battery applications.Commencing with an analysis of B4C's distinctive physicochemical properties,crystal structure,and synthesis methodologies,we critically evaluate its implementation in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,and fuel cells.The discussion substantiates how B4C-based materials augment critical battery performance metrics.Finally,development challenges and future research trajectories are outlined.We anticipate that through targeted performance optimization,innovative processing techniques,advanced interface engineering,and cross-disciplinary integration,B4C composites will unlock broader applications in next-generation energy storage systems.展开更多
PRIC is honored to announce that Advances in Polar Science(APS)has been officially endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS).The endorsement was formally approved by the AFoPS Committee during its annual m...PRIC is honored to announce that Advances in Polar Science(APS)has been officially endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS).The endorsement was formally approved by the AFoPS Committee during its annual meeting in Goa,India,August 2025.As an endorsed journal of AFoPS,APS is now authorized to use the designation“Officially Endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS)”and to display the official AFoPS logo on its website,in all print and digital editions,and across its promotional materials.展开更多
The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletio...The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources,the utilization of renewable resources to engineer advanced flexible materials has become especially crucial.Cellulose,the most abundant natural polymer,has emerged as a promising precursor for advanced functional materials due to its unique structure and properties.Typically,the easy processability,tunable chemical structure,self-assembly behavior,mechanical strength,and reinforcing capability enable its utilization as binder,substrate,hybrid electrode,separator,and electrolyte reservoir for flexible energy storage devices.This review comprehensively summarizes the design,fabrication,and mechanical and electrochemical performances of cellulose-based materials.The structure and unique properties of cellulose are first briefly introduced.Then,the construction of cellulose-based materials in the forms of 1D fibers/filaments,2D films/membranes,3D hydrogels and aerogels is discussed,and the merits of cellulose in these materials are emphasized.After that,the various advanced applications in supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,sodium-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and Zn-ion batteries are presented in detail.Finally,an outlook of the potential challenges and future perspectives in advanced cellulose-based materials for flexible energy storage systems is discussed.展开更多
As a vital and integral component of transportation infrastructure,pavement has a direct and tangible impact on socio-economic sustainability.In recent years,an influx of groundbreaking and state-of-the-art materials,...As a vital and integral component of transportation infrastructure,pavement has a direct and tangible impact on socio-economic sustainability.In recent years,an influx of groundbreaking and state-of-the-art materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies related to road engineering have continually and progressively emerged,reshaping the landscape of pavement systems.There is a pressing and growing need for a timely summarization of the current research status and a clear identification of future research directions in these advanced and evolving technologies.Therefore,Journal of Road Engineering has undertaken the significant initiative of introducing a comprehensive review paper with the overarching theme of“advanced road materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies”.This extensive and insightful review meticulously gathers and synthesizes research findings from 39 distinguished scholars,all of whom are affiliated with 19 renowned universities or research institutions specializing in the diverse and multidimensional field of highway engineering.It covers the current state and anticipates future development directions in the four major and interconnected domains of road engineering:advanced road materials,advanced road structures and performance evaluation,advanced road construction equipment and technology,and advanced road detection and assessment technologies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extraco...BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To determine whether outcomes differ in the care of ECMO patients when AHFTC physicians serve in a primary vs consultative role.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 51 patients placed on veno-venous(VV)and veno-arterial(VA)ECMO between January 2015 and February 2023 at our institution.We compared ECMO outcomes between teams managed primarily by intensivists vs teams where AHFTC physicians played a direct role in ECMO management,including patient selection.Our primary outcome measure was survival to 30 days post hospital discharge.RESULTS For combined VA and VV ECMO patients,survival to 30 days post discharge in the AHFTC cohort was significantly higher(67%vs 30%,P=0.01),largely driven by a significantly increased 30-day post discharge survival in VA ECMO patients in the AHFTC group(64%vs 20%,P=0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients in shock requiring VA ECMO support may have improved survival 30 days after hospital discharge when an AHFTC team serves in a direct role in the selection and management of patients.Further studies are needed to validate this impact.展开更多
Recent advancements in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer have significantly improved treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.Traditional radiotherapy techniques have been enhanced by the integration of advance...Recent advancements in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer have significantly improved treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.Traditional radiotherapy techniques have been enhanced by the integration of advanced imaging and precision targeting technologies,such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy,which allow for more accurate tumor targeting while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.Additionally,combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy has shown promising results,leveraging the body’s im-mune response to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment.Studies have also highlighted the benefits of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection,which has been associated with improved overall survival rates com-pared to radiotherapy alone.These innovations are paving the way for more effe-ctive and personalized treatment strategies,offering new hope for patients with esophageal cancer.展开更多
Carbon fibers(CFs)with notable comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high specific strength,and stiffness,have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and adv...Carbon fibers(CFs)with notable comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high specific strength,and stiffness,have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and advanced applications.However,the commonly utilized precursors,such as polyacrylonitrile and pitch,exhibit a lack of environmental sustainability,and their costs are heavily reliant on fluctuating petroleum prices.To meet the substantial market demand for CFs,significant efforts have been made to develop cost-effective and sustainable CFs derived from biomass.Lignin,the most abundant polyphenolic compound in nature,is emerging as a promising precursor which is well-suited for the production of CFs due to its renewable nature,low cost,high carbon content,and aromatic structures.Nevertheless,the majority of lignin raw materials are currently derived from pulping and biorefining industrial by-products,which are diverse and heterogeneous in nature,restricting the industrialization of lignin-derived CFs.This review classifies fossil-derived and biomass-derived CFs,starting from the sources and chemical structures of raw lignin,and outlines the preparation methods linked to the performance of lignin-derived CFs.A comprehensive discussion is presented on the relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin,spinning preparation,and structure-morphology-property of ligninderived CFs.Additionally,the potential applications of these materials in various domains,including energy,catalysis,composites,and other advanced products,are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique merits of lignin.Finally,the current challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of lignin-derived CFs are proposed.展开更多
Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the el...Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.展开更多
The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design,optimization,and scale-up of chemical reactors.For most chemical reactions,achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial....The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design,optimization,and scale-up of chemical reactors.For most chemical reactions,achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial.Mixing intensification encompasses innovative methods and tools that address the limitations of inadequate mixing within reactors,enabling efficient reaction scaling and boosting the productivity of industrial processes.This review provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals of multiphase mixing,followed by case studies highlighting the application of mixing intensification in the production of energy-storage materials,advanced optical materials,and nanopesticides.These examples illustrate the significance of theoretical analysis in informing and advancing engineering practices within the chemical industry.We also explore the challenges and opportunities in this field,offering insights based on our current understanding.展开更多
Accurate satellite data assimilation under all-sky conditions requires enhanced parameterization of scattering properties for frozen hydrometeors in clouds.This study aims to develop a nonspherical scattering look-up ...Accurate satellite data assimilation under all-sky conditions requires enhanced parameterization of scattering properties for frozen hydrometeors in clouds.This study aims to develop a nonspherical scattering look-up table that contains the optical properties of five hydrometeor types—rain,cloud water,cloud ice,graupel,and snow—for the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)at frequencies below 220 GHz.The discrete dipole approximation(DDA)method is employed to compute the single-scattering properties of solid cloud particles,modeling these particles as aggregated roughened bullet rosettes.The bulk optical properties of the cloud layer are derived by integrating the singlescattering properties with a modified Gamma size distribution,specifically for distributions with 18 effective radii.The bulk phase function is then projected onto a series of generalized spherical functions,applying the delta-M method for truncation.The results indicate that simulations using the newly developed nonspherical scattering look-up table exhibit significant consistency with observations under deep convection conditions.In contrast,assuming spherical solid cloud particles leads to excessive scattering at mid-frequency channels and insufficient scattering at high-frequency channels.This improvement in radiative transfer simulation accuracy for cloudy conditions will better support the assimilation of allsky microwave observations into numerical weather prediction models.·Frozen cloud particles were modeled as aggregates of bullet rosettes and the optical properties at microwave range were computed by DDA.·A complete process and technical details for constructing a look-up table of ARMS are provided.·The ARMS simulations generally show agreement with observations of MWTS and MWHS under typhoon conditions using the new look-up table.展开更多
The intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues,including bone and interface tissues,necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered substitutes.T...The intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues,including bone and interface tissues,necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered substitutes.This has led to growing interest in the development of gradient bone scaffolds with hierarchical structures mimicking the extracellular matrix of native tissues to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes.Building on the anatomical characteristics of bone and interfacial tissues,this review provides a summary of current strategies used to design and fabricate biomimetic gradient scaffolds for repairing musculoskeletal tissues,specifically focusing on methods used to construct compositional and structural gradients within the scaffolds.The latest applications of gradient scaffolds for the regeneration of bone,osteochondral,and tendon-to-bone interfaces are presented.Furthermore,the current progress of testing gradient scaffolds in physiologically relevant animal models of skeletal repair is discussed,as well as the challenges and prospects of moving these scaffolds into clinical application for treating musculoskeletal injuries.展开更多
This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinom...This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Owing to the absence of specific symptoms in early-stage gastric cancer,most patients are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages.As a result,treatment often shifts from surgery to other therapies,with...BACKGROUND Owing to the absence of specific symptoms in early-stage gastric cancer,most patients are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages.As a result,treatment often shifts from surgery to other therapies,with chemotherapy and targeted therapies being the primary options for advanced gastric cancer treatment.A total of 116 patients with advanced gastric cancer,admitted from January 2021 to December 2023,were selected and divided into two groups of 58 each using the random number table method.The control group received FOLFOX4 chemothe-rapy(oxaliplatin+calcium+folinate+5-fluorouracil)combined with intravenous sindilizumab.The observation group received the same treatment as the control group,supplemented by oral administration of Senqi Shiyiwei granules.Both groups underwent treatment cycles of 3 weeks,with a minimum of two cycles.The therapeutic efficacy,immune mechanisms,and treatment-related toxicity and side effects were compared between the groups.The objective remission rate in the observation group(55.17%)was higher than that of the control group(36.21%)(P<0.05).After two treatment cycle,CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+levels were higher in the observation group compared to the control group,while CD8+,regulatory T cells,and natural killer cells were lower(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of leukopenia,nausea,and vomiting was lower in observed group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the incidence of other adverse reactions(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Adjuvant therapy with Shenqixian granules may enhance the efficacy of simudizumab combined with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and the immune function by increasing immune cell counts,making it a valuable option in clinical treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by High-level Professional Groups in Gangdong Province,No.GSPZYQ2020101Guangdong Province Educational Research Planning Project,No.2024GXJK742。
文摘BACKGROUND Paternal perinatal depression(PPD)is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges,marital strain,and adverse child developmental outcomes.Despite its significant impact,PPD remains under-recognized in family-centered clinical practice.Concurrently,against the backdrop of rising rates of delayed marriage and China’s Maternity Incentive Policy,the proportion of women giving birth at an advanced maternal age is increasing.Nevertheless,research specifically examining PPD among spouses of older mothers remains critically scarce,both in China and globally.AIM To investigate PPD and its influencing factors in Chinese advanced maternal age families.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 358 participants;it was conducted among fathers of pregnant women of advanced maternal age at five hospitals in the Pearl River Delta region of China from September 2023 to June 2024.Data were collected via a general information questionnaire,the Social Support Rating Scale,and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Latent profile analysis and regression mixture models(RMMs)were adopted to analyze the latent PPD types and factors that influenced PPD.RESULTS The incidence of PPD was 16.48%,and three profiles were identified:Low-symptomatic(175 cases,48.89%),monophasic(140 cases,39.10%),and high-symptomatic(43 cases,12.01%).The RMM analysis revealed that first pregnancy,low income(<¥3000/month),part-time work,and a history of abnormal pregnancy were positively associated with the high-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Conversely,high subjective support and support utilization were negatively associated with the high-symptomatic type compared with the low-symptomatic type(P<0.05).Good couple relationships,high objective and subjective support,and high support utilization were negatively associated with monophasic disorder(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PPD incidence is high among Chinese fathers with advanced maternal age partners,and the characteristics of depression are varied.Healthcare practitioners should prioritize individuals with low levels of social support.
文摘This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-WZ1Y,1-W34U,4-YWER).
文摘Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.
基金the Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Project:Mechanistic Study on the Regulation of Inflammatory Microenvironment and Improvement of Ulcerative Colitis by Lingnan Traditional Medicine Ficus Pandurata Hance through Wilms'Tumor 1-associating Protein-Mediated RNA Methyltransferase Promoting Toll Like Receptor 4 m6A Modification(2023A1515011699)the Zhongshan Medical Research Project:Mechanistic Study on the Action of Xiahuo Pingwei San in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis(2022A020446)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Xiahuo Pingwei San(夏藿平胃散,XHPWS)on ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms through a network pharmacology approach.METHODS:Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was utilized to identify the chemical composition and authenticate the active constituents of XHPWS,ensuring rigorous quality control across batches.A dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model was established in C57BL/6 mice,which were treated with XHPWS in vivo.The efficacy against UC was assessed by measuring parameters such as body weight,disease activity index(DAI)scores,and colon length.Levels of inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),in colonic tissue were evaluated using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Histological analysis of colon sections was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining.A network pharmacology approach was employed to explore the mechanisms of XHPWS and to predict its potential targets in UC treatment.Predicted protein expressions in colonic tissue were validated using immune-ohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blotting techniques.RESULTS:XHPWS effectively alle via ted DSS-induced UC symptoms in mice,as evidenced by restored body weight,reduced colon shortening,and decreased DAI scores.Histopathological examination revealed that XHPWS significantly reduced intestinal inflammatory infiltration,restored intestinal epithelial permeability,and increased goblet cell count.Network pharmacology analysis identified 63 active compounds in XHPWS and suggested that it might target 35 potential proteins associated with UC treatment.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the protective mechanism of XHPWS could be related to the advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products(AGE-RAGE)signaling pathway.Notably,quercetin,kaempferol,wogonin,and nobiletin,the main components of XHPWS,showed strong correlations with the core targets.Additionally,experimental validation demonstrated that XHPWS significantly decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in UC mice,while downregulating the expression of proteins related to the AGE-RAGE pathway.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that XHPWS effectively alle via tes colitis symptoms and inflammation in UC mice,potentially through the regulation of the AGE-RAGE pathway.These findings provide strong evidence for the therapeutic potential of XHPWS in UC treatment,thereby broadening its clinical applications.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070133,42107073,42477075)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2024NSFSC0130)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFTD0014)Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Prevention Control and Resource Reuse(No.2023SSY02061)Key R&D Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.2023ZX02C01)。
文摘Low-valent sulfur oxy-acid salts(LVSOs)represent a category of oxygen-containing salts characterized by their potent reducing capabilities.Notably,sulfite,dithionite,and thiosulfate are prevalent reducing agents that are readily available,cost-effective,and exhibit minimal ecological toxicity.These LVSOs have the ability to generate or promote the generation of strong oxidants or reductants,which makes them widely used in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)and advanced reduction processes(ARPs).This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in AOPs and ARPs involving LVSOs,alongside an examination of the fundamental principles governing the generation of active species within these processes.LVSOs fulfill three primary functions in AOPs:Serving as sources of reactive oxygen species(ROS),auxiliary agents,and activators.Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the reaction mechanisms through which LVSOs,in conjunction with metal ions,metal oxides,ultraviolet light(UV),and ozone,produce potent oxidizing agents in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.Regarding ARPs,this review delineates the mechanisms by which LVSOs generate strong reducing agents,including hydrated electrons,hydrogen radicals,and sulfite radicals,under UV irradiation,while also exploring the interactions between these reductants and pollutants.The review identifies existing gaps within the current framework and proposes future research avenues to address these challenges.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Henan Province,China(No.222102230034)National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202510463011)the Characteristic Course Project of Integration of Specialtyand Innovation of Henan University of Technology in 2024(No.2024ZCRH-10).
文摘Boron carbide(B4C)and its composite materials demonstrate versatile applicability in energy storage technologies,particularly within new energy battery systems.This review systematically examines recent advances in their battery applications.Commencing with an analysis of B4C's distinctive physicochemical properties,crystal structure,and synthesis methodologies,we critically evaluate its implementation in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,and fuel cells.The discussion substantiates how B4C-based materials augment critical battery performance metrics.Finally,development challenges and future research trajectories are outlined.We anticipate that through targeted performance optimization,innovative processing techniques,advanced interface engineering,and cross-disciplinary integration,B4C composites will unlock broader applications in next-generation energy storage systems.
文摘PRIC is honored to announce that Advances in Polar Science(APS)has been officially endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS).The endorsement was formally approved by the AFoPS Committee during its annual meeting in Goa,India,August 2025.As an endorsed journal of AFoPS,APS is now authorized to use the designation“Officially Endorsed by the Asian Forum for Polar Sciences(AFoPS)”and to display the official AFoPS logo on its website,in all print and digital editions,and across its promotional materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201499,32222057,and 22478142)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515012519,2023A0505050114,and 2024B1515040004)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No 2023YFE0109600)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-based Materials(2024C02).
文摘The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources,the utilization of renewable resources to engineer advanced flexible materials has become especially crucial.Cellulose,the most abundant natural polymer,has emerged as a promising precursor for advanced functional materials due to its unique structure and properties.Typically,the easy processability,tunable chemical structure,self-assembly behavior,mechanical strength,and reinforcing capability enable its utilization as binder,substrate,hybrid electrode,separator,and electrolyte reservoir for flexible energy storage devices.This review comprehensively summarizes the design,fabrication,and mechanical and electrochemical performances of cellulose-based materials.The structure and unique properties of cellulose are first briefly introduced.Then,the construction of cellulose-based materials in the forms of 1D fibers/filaments,2D films/membranes,3D hydrogels and aerogels is discussed,and the merits of cellulose in these materials are emphasized.After that,the various advanced applications in supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,sodium-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and Zn-ion batteries are presented in detail.Finally,an outlook of the potential challenges and future perspectives in advanced cellulose-based materials for flexible energy storage systems is discussed.
基金support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No.101024139,the RILEM technical committee TC 279 WMR(valorisation of waste and secondary materials for roads),RILEM technical committee TC-264 RAP(asphalt pavement recycling)the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNF)grant 205121_178991/1 for the project titled“Urban Mining for Low Noise Urban Roads and Optimized Design of Street Canyons”,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51808462,51978547,52005048,52108394,52178414,52208420,52278448,52308447,52378429)+9 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730356)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2601302)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2023-JC-QN-0472)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2022B627)Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2022 PT30)Key Technological Special Project of Xinxiang City(No.22ZD013)Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Construction Machinery(No.IMCM2021KF02)the Applied Basic Research Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department(Free Exploration Type)(Grant No.2020YJ0039)Key R&D Support Plan of Chengdu Science and Technology Project-Technology Innovation R&D Project(Grant No.2019-YF05-00002-SN)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M643520).
文摘As a vital and integral component of transportation infrastructure,pavement has a direct and tangible impact on socio-economic sustainability.In recent years,an influx of groundbreaking and state-of-the-art materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies related to road engineering have continually and progressively emerged,reshaping the landscape of pavement systems.There is a pressing and growing need for a timely summarization of the current research status and a clear identification of future research directions in these advanced and evolving technologies.Therefore,Journal of Road Engineering has undertaken the significant initiative of introducing a comprehensive review paper with the overarching theme of“advanced road materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies”.This extensive and insightful review meticulously gathers and synthesizes research findings from 39 distinguished scholars,all of whom are affiliated with 19 renowned universities or research institutions specializing in the diverse and multidimensional field of highway engineering.It covers the current state and anticipates future development directions in the four major and interconnected domains of road engineering:advanced road materials,advanced road structures and performance evaluation,advanced road construction equipment and technology,and advanced road detection and assessment technologies.
文摘BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To determine whether outcomes differ in the care of ECMO patients when AHFTC physicians serve in a primary vs consultative role.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 51 patients placed on veno-venous(VV)and veno-arterial(VA)ECMO between January 2015 and February 2023 at our institution.We compared ECMO outcomes between teams managed primarily by intensivists vs teams where AHFTC physicians played a direct role in ECMO management,including patient selection.Our primary outcome measure was survival to 30 days post hospital discharge.RESULTS For combined VA and VV ECMO patients,survival to 30 days post discharge in the AHFTC cohort was significantly higher(67%vs 30%,P=0.01),largely driven by a significantly increased 30-day post discharge survival in VA ECMO patients in the AHFTC group(64%vs 20%,P=0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients in shock requiring VA ECMO support may have improved survival 30 days after hospital discharge when an AHFTC team serves in a direct role in the selection and management of patients.Further studies are needed to validate this impact.
文摘Recent advancements in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer have significantly improved treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.Traditional radiotherapy techniques have been enhanced by the integration of advanced imaging and precision targeting technologies,such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy,which allow for more accurate tumor targeting while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.Additionally,combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy has shown promising results,leveraging the body’s im-mune response to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment.Studies have also highlighted the benefits of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection,which has been associated with improved overall survival rates com-pared to radiotherapy alone.These innovations are paving the way for more effe-ctive and personalized treatment strategies,offering new hope for patients with esophageal cancer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32171717,32271814Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality,Grant/Award Numbers:24JCJQJC00030,22JCYBJC01560,23JCZDJC00630China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M740562。
文摘Carbon fibers(CFs)with notable comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high specific strength,and stiffness,have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and advanced applications.However,the commonly utilized precursors,such as polyacrylonitrile and pitch,exhibit a lack of environmental sustainability,and their costs are heavily reliant on fluctuating petroleum prices.To meet the substantial market demand for CFs,significant efforts have been made to develop cost-effective and sustainable CFs derived from biomass.Lignin,the most abundant polyphenolic compound in nature,is emerging as a promising precursor which is well-suited for the production of CFs due to its renewable nature,low cost,high carbon content,and aromatic structures.Nevertheless,the majority of lignin raw materials are currently derived from pulping and biorefining industrial by-products,which are diverse and heterogeneous in nature,restricting the industrialization of lignin-derived CFs.This review classifies fossil-derived and biomass-derived CFs,starting from the sources and chemical structures of raw lignin,and outlines the preparation methods linked to the performance of lignin-derived CFs.A comprehensive discussion is presented on the relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin,spinning preparation,and structure-morphology-property of ligninderived CFs.Additionally,the potential applications of these materials in various domains,including energy,catalysis,composites,and other advanced products,are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique merits of lignin.Finally,the current challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of lignin-derived CFs are proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176124).
文摘Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22288102,22035007,and 22122815)。
文摘The mixing process plays a pivotal role in the design,optimization,and scale-up of chemical reactors.For most chemical reactions,achieving uniform and rapid contact between reactants at the molecular level is crucial.Mixing intensification encompasses innovative methods and tools that address the limitations of inadequate mixing within reactors,enabling efficient reaction scaling and boosting the productivity of industrial processes.This review provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals of multiphase mixing,followed by case studies highlighting the application of mixing intensification in the production of energy-storage materials,advanced optical materials,and nanopesticides.These examples illustrate the significance of theoretical analysis in informing and advancing engineering practices within the chemical industry.We also explore the challenges and opportunities in this field,offering insights based on our current understanding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3900400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2142212 and 42361074)。
文摘Accurate satellite data assimilation under all-sky conditions requires enhanced parameterization of scattering properties for frozen hydrometeors in clouds.This study aims to develop a nonspherical scattering look-up table that contains the optical properties of five hydrometeor types—rain,cloud water,cloud ice,graupel,and snow—for the Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)at frequencies below 220 GHz.The discrete dipole approximation(DDA)method is employed to compute the single-scattering properties of solid cloud particles,modeling these particles as aggregated roughened bullet rosettes.The bulk optical properties of the cloud layer are derived by integrating the singlescattering properties with a modified Gamma size distribution,specifically for distributions with 18 effective radii.The bulk phase function is then projected onto a series of generalized spherical functions,applying the delta-M method for truncation.The results indicate that simulations using the newly developed nonspherical scattering look-up table exhibit significant consistency with observations under deep convection conditions.In contrast,assuming spherical solid cloud particles leads to excessive scattering at mid-frequency channels and insufficient scattering at high-frequency channels.This improvement in radiative transfer simulation accuracy for cloudy conditions will better support the assimilation of allsky microwave observations into numerical weather prediction models.·Frozen cloud particles were modeled as aggregates of bullet rosettes and the optical properties at microwave range were computed by DDA.·A complete process and technical details for constructing a look-up table of ARMS are provided.·The ARMS simulations generally show agreement with observations of MWTS and MWHS under typhoon conditions using the new look-up table.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52473121,52403370 and 52221006)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202020,buctrc202312).
文摘The intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues,including bone and interface tissues,necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered substitutes.This has led to growing interest in the development of gradient bone scaffolds with hierarchical structures mimicking the extracellular matrix of native tissues to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes.Building on the anatomical characteristics of bone and interfacial tissues,this review provides a summary of current strategies used to design and fabricate biomimetic gradient scaffolds for repairing musculoskeletal tissues,specifically focusing on methods used to construct compositional and structural gradients within the scaffolds.The latest applications of gradient scaffolds for the regeneration of bone,osteochondral,and tendon-to-bone interfaces are presented.Furthermore,the current progress of testing gradient scaffolds in physiologically relevant animal models of skeletal repair is discussed,as well as the challenges and prospects of moving these scaffolds into clinical application for treating musculoskeletal injuries.
文摘This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.
文摘BACKGROUND Owing to the absence of specific symptoms in early-stage gastric cancer,most patients are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages.As a result,treatment often shifts from surgery to other therapies,with chemotherapy and targeted therapies being the primary options for advanced gastric cancer treatment.A total of 116 patients with advanced gastric cancer,admitted from January 2021 to December 2023,were selected and divided into two groups of 58 each using the random number table method.The control group received FOLFOX4 chemothe-rapy(oxaliplatin+calcium+folinate+5-fluorouracil)combined with intravenous sindilizumab.The observation group received the same treatment as the control group,supplemented by oral administration of Senqi Shiyiwei granules.Both groups underwent treatment cycles of 3 weeks,with a minimum of two cycles.The therapeutic efficacy,immune mechanisms,and treatment-related toxicity and side effects were compared between the groups.The objective remission rate in the observation group(55.17%)was higher than that of the control group(36.21%)(P<0.05).After two treatment cycle,CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+levels were higher in the observation group compared to the control group,while CD8+,regulatory T cells,and natural killer cells were lower(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of leukopenia,nausea,and vomiting was lower in observed group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the incidence of other adverse reactions(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Adjuvant therapy with Shenqixian granules may enhance the efficacy of simudizumab combined with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer and the immune function by increasing immune cell counts,making it a valuable option in clinical treatment.
