This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized ex...This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has b...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.展开更多
Background:Adolescent depression and school refusal(SR)are prevalent and important global concerns that need to be understood and addressed.Cross-sectional associations have been reported but prospective relationships...Background:Adolescent depression and school refusal(SR)are prevalent and important global concerns that need to be understood and addressed.Cross-sectional associations have been reported but prospective relationships between them remain unclear.This longitudinal study investigated the bidirectional relationships between these two problems among Chinese adolescents.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted in Taizhou,China,surveying students of three junior high schools,three senior high schools,and one vocational high school.A total of 3882 students completed the questionnaire at baseline(T1);3167 of them completed an identical follow-up questionnaire after 6 months(T2).Depression was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)and SR via the modified Chinese version of The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised(SRAS-R).Cross-lagged panel modeling(CLPM)analysis was conducted to test the reciprocal relationships,adjusting for socio-demographic factors.Multiple group analysis was conducted to test whether the CLPM differed by gender and grade.Results:Statistically significant bidirectional relationships were found.A higher level of SR assessed at T1 is prospectively associated with a higher level of depression at T2(β=0.07,p=0.006);a higher level of depression at T1 also is prospectively associated with a higher level of SR at T2(β=0.14,p<0.001).Such models differed significantly by neither gender nor grade.Conclusion:SR and depression should be seen as each other’s mutually reinforcing association.The bidirectional relationships potentially result in a vicious cycle.Early interventions may target both problems concurrently.Future studies may involve more time points and test some mediators.展开更多
Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines stil...Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.Previous studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.In the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side effects.This review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.展开更多
Objectives:Childhood and adolescent obesity are an increasing global health concern.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for prevention...Objectives:Childhood and adolescent obesity are an increasing global health concern.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for prevention and treatment.Methods:All studies were searched in online databases and grey literature,including PubMed(Medline),Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,IEEE Xplore Digital Library,Journal of Medical Internet Research(JMIR),MedNar,EBSco Open Dissertations.The search period is from inception to June 2023,and the languages are Finnish,English and Swedish.The research quality was evaluated using the web-based data management system Covidence for prevalence studies.The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO(registration number:CRD42021247595).Results:In this review,4,407 studies were screened,and 22 were included.These involved 3,433 participants and 264 child-parent pairs.The digital approaches included multicomponent elements like internet platforms,text messaging,video conferencing,online communities,wearable technology,and mobile apps,allowing one-way,two-way,and face-to-face interactions.Two studies showed statistically significant effects of treatment on BMI and waist-to-hip ratio.Most interventions reported positive outcomes,with no significant differences between groups,and none showed null effects during followup.Conclusions:Digital multicomponents like mobile apps and wearables can help obese children and adolescents adopt healthier lifestyles.While these interventions show promise for obesity management,further research is needed to assess their effectiveness,particularly regarding nurses'perspectives.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological s...BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is increasing,yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated...BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is increasing,yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated comorbidities.AIM To assess the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments in managing T2DM in children and adolescents.The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42022382165).METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications between 1990 to September 2024 without language restrictions.Randomized control trials(RCTs)of pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with T2DM(aged<19 years)were included.The primary outcome was a change in glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)from baseline to follow-up.Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight,body mass index(BMI),total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein from baseline,and incidence of adverse events during study periods.Screening,full-text review,data extraction,and assessments of risk of bias were done by two reviewers.Conflicts on each step were resolved by a third reviewer.Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 6.5(RevMan 6.5)and‘R’software via RStudio,‘meta’and‘netmeta’.RESULTS A total of 12 studies having low to moderate risk of bias with 1658 participants,and follow-up duration 12-52 weeks were included.In our network meta-analysis,compared to control(s),the reduction of HbA1c was sig-nificantly larger for dulaglutide[mean difference(MD),95%confidence interval:-1.20,-2.12 to-0.28],followed by dapagliflozin(-0.94,-1.44 to-0.44),liraglutide(-0.91,-1.37 to-0.45),empagliflozin(-0.87,-1.40 to-0.34),exenatide(-0.59,-1.07 to-0.11)and linagliptin(-0.45,-0.87 to-0.02)while other drugs had little or no effect.While liraglutide was associated with a change in body weight[MD-2.41(-4.68,-0.14)kg],no other drug treatment was associated with significant changes in body weight,BMI,and lipids.Apart from level 1 hypoglycemia with liraglutide[risk difference(RD):0.20,0.04-0.37]and minor adverse events with dulaglutide(RD:0.24,0.08-0.40),no other treatment was associated with excess risk of hypoglycemia or minor or major adverse events.CONCLUSION Pharmacotherapy of T2DM with dulaglutide,dapagliflozin,liraglutide,empagliflozin,exenatide,and linagliptin in children is associated with modest reduction of HbA1c.Larger RCTs with longer follow-up durations are needed to guide better therapeutic decision making.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to analyse the trend of the mental disorder spectrum in children and adolescents from 2014 to 2022 in one city in Central China and to provide actionable recommendations for the prevention a...Objective This study aimed to analyse the trend of the mental disorder spectrum in children and adolescents from 2014 to 2022 in one city in Central China and to provide actionable recommendations for the prevention and management of mental disorders.Methods In this hospital-based retrospective study,we utilized child and adolescent medical records data from the Wuhan Mental Health Center from January 2014 to December 2022 and examined the top 5 mental disorders(schizophrenia,depressive episode,bipolar disorder,pervasive developmental disorder,and unspecified mood disorder)that accounted for the overall proportion of patients admitted.The rank and proportion of these mental disorders,demographic characteristics and disease indicators were analysed.Results There was a significant upwards trend in the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders over the past 9 years,with a sharp decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,followed by a rebound in 2021 and a sustained level above prepandemic figures by 2022.The average age of hospitalization decreased significantly from 20.7 to 16.2 years,with a marked increase in the 12-17-year-old age group.The proportion of female hospitalizations increased from 39.2%to 55.2%,with a corresponding decrease in male hospitalizations.There was a notable decrease in the proportion of schizophrenia cases and an ascent of depressive episode to the most prevalent position.Conclusion This study emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions and resources for severe mental disorders in children and adolescents and the importance of early detection and management of mental disorders to mitigate long-term effects on well-being and development.展开更多
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a crucial neurotrophic factor that plays a significant role in brain health. Although the vast majority of meta-analyses have confirmed that exercise interventions can increase bra...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a crucial neurotrophic factor that plays a significant role in brain health. Although the vast majority of meta-analyses have confirmed that exercise interventions can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents, the effects of specific types of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are still controversial. To address this issue, we used meta-analytic methods to quantitatively evaluate, analyze, and integrate relevant studies. Our goals were to formulate general conclusions regarding the use of exercise interventions, explore the physiological mechanisms by which exercise improves brain health and cognitive ability in children and adolescents, and provide a reliable foundation for follow-up research. We used the Pub Med, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Weipu, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to search for randomized controlled trials examining the influences of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. According to the inclusion criteria, we assessed randomized controlled trials in which the samples were mainly children and adolescents, and the outcome indicators were measured before and after the intervention. We excluded animal experiments, studies that lacked a control group, and those that did not report quantitative results. The mean difference(MD;before versus after intervention) was used to evaluate the effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. Overall, 531 participants(60 children and 471 adolescents, 10.9–16.1 years) were included from 13 randomized controlled trials. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q statistic and I^(2) test provided by Review Manager software. The meta-analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity among the studies(P = 0.67, I^(2) = 0.00%). The combined effect of the interventions was significant(MD = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.53–4.22, P < 0.0001), indicating that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels of the children and adolescents in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, different types of exercise interventions significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. However, because of the small sample size of this meta-analysis, more high-quality research is needed to verify our conclusions. This metaanalysis was registered at PROSPERO(registration ID: CRD42023439408).展开更多
BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications...BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications,a lack of effective treatment strategies,and substantial socioeconomic burdens,it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution.Adolescent T2DM differs from adult T2DM.Despite a significant increase in our understanding of youth-onset T2DM over the past two decades,the related review and evidence-based content remain limited.AIM To visualize the hotspots and trends in pediatric and adolescent T2DM research and to forecast their future research themes.METHODS This study utilized the terms“children”,“adolescents”,and“type 2 diabetes”,retrieving relevant articles published between 1983 and 2023 from three citation databases within the Web of Science Core Collection(SCI,SSCI,ESCI).Utilizing CiteSpace and VoSviewer software,we analyze and visually represent the annual output of literature,countries involved,and participating institutions.This allows us to predict trends in this research field.Our analysis encompasses co-cited authors,journal overlays,citation overlays,time-zone views,keyword analysis,and reference analysis,etc.RESULTS A total of 9210 articles were included,and the annual publication volume in this field showed a steady growth trend.The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index.The United States also had the most research institutions and the strongest research capacity.The global hot journals were primarily diabetes professional journals but also included journals related to nutrition,endocrinology,and metabolism.Keyword analysis showed that research related to endothelial dysfunction,exposure risk,cardiac metabolic risk,changes in gut microbiota,the impact on comorbidities and outcomes,etc.,were emerging keywords.They have maintained their popularity in this field,suggesting that these areas have garnered significant research interest in recent years.CONCLUSION Pediatric and adolescent T2DM is increasingly drawing global attention,with genes,behaviors,environmental factors,and multisystemic interventions potentially emerging as future research hot spots.展开更多
Background:Early identification of concussion-related vision disorders(CRVDs)may improve outcomes by enabling earlier management,referral,and treatment.Objective eye tracking may provide additional data to support the...Background:Early identification of concussion-related vision disorders(CRVDs)may improve outcomes by enabling earlier management,referral,and treatment.Objective eye tracking may provide additional data to support the diagnose of CRVDs.The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of objective infrared eye tracking in identifying CRVDs among adolescents experiencing persisting post-concussive symptoms(PPCS)more than 28 days after injury.Methods:This was a prospective study of adolescents with PPCS evaluated with visio-vestibular examination(VVE),comprehensive vision examination,and an eye tracking device.Results:Of the 108 adolescents enrolled,67(62%)were diagnosed with a CRVD by comprehensive vision examination.On VVE,the near point of convergence break(5.5±3.2 cm vs.3.9±1.7 cm(mean±SD),p<0.001)and recovery(8.1±3.3 cm vs.6.8±2.3 cm,p=0.02)distinguished between those with and without CRVD.Concussion symptom provocation on VVE with horizontal saccades(35(52%)vs.12(29%),p=0.02)and horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex testing(37(55%)vs.14(34%),p=0.03),and sway on tandem gait under the forward eyes closed condition(25(37%)vs.6(15%),p=0.01)also identified those with CRVD.From the eye tracking device,the BOX score(8.1±5.8 vs.5.2±4.1,p=0.007)and a metric of the left eye tracking along the bottom of the visual target(0.094±0.500 vs.-0.124±0.410,p=0.02)identified those with CRVD,with a multivariable receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,including the BOX score,achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7637.Conclusion:CRVDs are common in those with PPCS,with impact on recovery after concussion.Novel eye-tracking metrics can serve as an aid in the identification of those with CRVDs who would benefit from referral for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Adolescent depression is increasingly recognized as a serious mental health disorder with distinct clinical and molecular features.Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing,we identified cell-specific transcriptomic changes...Adolescent depression is increasingly recognized as a serious mental health disorder with distinct clinical and molecular features.Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing,we identified cell-specific transcriptomic changes in the nucleus accumbens(NAc),particularly in astrocytes,of adolescent macaques exhibiting depressive-like behaviors.The level of diacylglycerol kinase beta was significantly reduced in neurons and glial cells of depressed macaques,while FKBP5 levels increased in glial cells.Disruption of GABAergic synapses and disruption of D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism were linked to depressive phenotypes in medium spiny neurons(MSNs)and subtypes of astrocytes.Communication pathways between astrocytes and D1/D2-MSNs were also disrupted,involving factors like bone morphogenetic protein-6 and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase-4.Bulk transcriptomic and proteomic analyses corroborated these findings,and FKBP5 upregulation was confirmed by qRT-PCR,western blotting,and immunofluorescence in the NAc of rats and macaques with chronic unpredictable mild stress.Our results highlight the specific roles of different cell types in adolescent depression in the NAc,offering potential targets for new antidepressant therapies.展开更多
Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of a...Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.展开更多
Background:It has been broadly witnessed that a large number of adolescents are suffering emotional and mental health problems after COVID-19,and such adverse experiences in early life often extend into adulthood,resu...Background:It has been broadly witnessed that a large number of adolescents are suffering emotional and mental health problems after COVID-19,and such adverse experiences in early life often extend into adulthood,resulting in serious long-term implications.However,it is accepted that the literature examining the relationship between mental health problems in adolescents and their underlying psychological factors is limited.The purposes of the current study were to identify mental health problems of Korean adolescents and to investigate the possible influence of self-esteem,self-efficacy,and health locus of control on mental health problems.Methods:A total of 2104 Korean adolescents were randomly recruited from junior high and high schools located in Seoul,Korea.The Korean Symptom Checklist,and Self-esteem Scale,Health Locus of Control Scale,Self-efficacy Scale were applied to identify mental health problems and psychological factors among adolescents.Frequency analysis,independent t-tests,one-way ANOVA,correlation analysis,and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the study hypothesis.Results:Korean adolescents showed a high prevalence of depression(61.4%),anxiety(44.7%),interpersonal sensitivity(76.1%),and hostility(40.3%).In addition,the findings indicated significant gender and age differences in adolescent mental health problems.Moreover,results reported that the adolescents’mental health problems were significantly associated with psychological factors(R^(2)=0.51 for depression,0.38 for anxiety,0.33 for interpersonal sensitivity,and 0.23 for hostility).Conclusions:The current findings highlight the need for comprehensive,culturally relevant mental health strategies for Korean adolescents.The interventions that foster psychological resilience,promote positive self-concept,and encourage internal control beliefs may be effective in mitigating mental health challenges.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to examine the association between parent-child relationships and physically aggressive behavior among adolescents.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study that uses secondary data from the 2...Objective:This study aimed to examine the association between parent-child relationships and physically aggressive behavior among adolescents.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study that uses secondary data from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-Based Health Survey(IGSHS).Health surveys were conducted in 75 schools representing three regions(Sumatra,Java-Bali;Outer Sumatra;and Java-Bali)in 26 provinces and 68 districts/cities in Indonesia(N=10,139 students).Students who participated were aged 12-19 years,were enrolled in public schools in the junior and high school levels.Results:It has been seen that for most middle-aged adolescents(58.7%),their parents(25%-29%)pay less attention to academic assignments(homework),problems,and use of free time.The most significant factors that influence adolescents to commit violence are smoking and consuming alcohol.Adolescents who smoke are twice as likely to commit physical violence compared with adolescents who do not smoke(OR=2.005;95%CI=1.7062-2.396).Meanwhile,adolescents who consume alcohol are 1.8 times more likely to commit physical violence compared with adolescents who do not consume alcohol(OR=1.807;95%CI=1.421-2.298).Conclusions:Through educational activities and consultations,this study’s findings are valuable for establishing parenting programs among those concerned about their children’s aggressive behavior.Meanwhile,counseling programs can be started in schools by conducting self-detection of negative adolescent behavior,such as screening for smoking,alcohol consumption,sleep issues,and attempted suicide.展开更多
BACKGROUND The impact of mental health,including anxiety,on academic performance has been studied in several countries,but few data exist for Sudan.AIM To investigate the correlation between anxiety scores and academi...BACKGROUND The impact of mental health,including anxiety,on academic performance has been studied in several countries,but few data exist for Sudan.AIM To investigate the correlation between anxiety scores and academic performance among adolescent schoolchildren in Northern Sudan.METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out during the 2021–2022 academic year among schoolchildren from randomly selected schools in Almatamah locality,River Nile State,Northern Sudan.A questionnaire was used to collect the parti-cipants’sociodemographic data.Anxiety levels were assessed using the ques-tionnaire tools of the General Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale.Students’academic performance scores were obtained from school records.Multivariate linear regression was performed.RESULTS A total of 328 students participated in this study,comprising 156 boys(47.6%)and 172 girls(52.4%).The median[interquartile range(IQR)]age of the students was 14.9 years(13.9–15.6 years).The median(IQR)of the students’academic scores was 27.6%(22.2%–48.1%).The median(IQR)of the students’anxiety scores was 0(0–3).In univariate linear analysis,anxiety scores were positively associated with academic performance scores(coefficient=1.19,P value<0.001).In multivariate linear analysis,after controlling for age,sex,parental education,occupation,and body mass index-Z-score,anxiety scores were positively associated with academic performance scores(coefficient=0.60,P value<0.001).CONCLUSION The current study revealed a positive correlation between anxiety scores and students’academic performance scores.However,the association between mental health disorders,including anxiety,and academic performance is a complex issue.Therefore,further studies are recommended.展开更多
Adolescent depressive symptoms represent a significant public health concern,with negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes playing pivotal roles in theirdevelopment.A cross-sectional study by Yu et al assessed...Adolescent depressive symptoms represent a significant public health concern,with negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes playing pivotal roles in theirdevelopment.A cross-sectional study by Yu et al assessed the interplay betweendysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depressive symptoms in 795 Chineseadolescents(49.9%male,mean age 15.2±1.8 years,age range 11-18 years)fromfive middle schools in Shandong Province.Using the Dysfunctional AttitudesScale,Adolescent Life Events Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and SocialSupport Rating Scale,the study identified that dysfunctional attitudes,particularlyover-autonomy and over-perfectionism,mediate the relationship betweennegative life events and depressive symptoms.Social support moderated thisrelationship,significantly reducing depressive symptoms.These findingsunderscore the need for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting dysfunctionalattitudes and enhancing social support to address adolescent depressivesymptoms.In this article,we extend their findings to highlight the significance ofculturally tailored interventions that incorporate familial and communitydynamics in mitigating depressive symptoms,particularly in collectivist societies.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the differences in childhood trauma and life events between adolescents with depression and healthy controls,and to analyze the correlations between these factors and depressive symptoms.As su...Objective:To investigate the differences in childhood trauma and life events between adolescents with depression and healthy controls,and to analyze the correlations between these factors and depressive symptoms.As such,we aim to provide theoretical foundations for early identification and intervention.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled 90 hospitalized adolescents with depression(case group)and 91 healthy adolescents(control group).Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist(ASLEC),and Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI)were administered to assess trauma history,life event stressors,and depressive symptoms.Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests,chi-square tests,and Pearson correlation analysis.Results:The case group demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of only-child families(28.9%).ASLEC and CDI scores were significantly elevated in the case group compared to the control group(P<0.05).In comparison,CTQ scores were lower in the case group(P=0.025).Positive correlations were identified between CDI scores and both CTQ(r=0.261)and ASLEC(r=0.218)in the case group.Conclusion:Child-hood trauma and recent life event stressors demonstrate significant associations with adolescent depressive symp-toms,potentially mediated through emotional dysregulation and negative cognitive bias.Implementation of early trauma screening protocols combined with stress management interventions(e.g.,cognitive behavioral therapy)and family system optimization strategies may effectively mitigate depression risk in this population.展开更多
Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly ...Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.展开更多
文摘This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.F.Wang,grant number 82204071)(P.Y.Su,grant numbers 81874268 and 82473655)the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(P.Y.Su,No.JKS2023016)Anhui Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project(Y.Zhou,No.AHWJ2023A30027)。
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.
基金funded by Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou(Y20220843).
文摘Background:Adolescent depression and school refusal(SR)are prevalent and important global concerns that need to be understood and addressed.Cross-sectional associations have been reported but prospective relationships between them remain unclear.This longitudinal study investigated the bidirectional relationships between these two problems among Chinese adolescents.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted in Taizhou,China,surveying students of three junior high schools,three senior high schools,and one vocational high school.A total of 3882 students completed the questionnaire at baseline(T1);3167 of them completed an identical follow-up questionnaire after 6 months(T2).Depression was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)and SR via the modified Chinese version of The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised(SRAS-R).Cross-lagged panel modeling(CLPM)analysis was conducted to test the reciprocal relationships,adjusting for socio-demographic factors.Multiple group analysis was conducted to test whether the CLPM differed by gender and grade.Results:Statistically significant bidirectional relationships were found.A higher level of SR assessed at T1 is prospectively associated with a higher level of depression at T2(β=0.07,p=0.006);a higher level of depression at T1 also is prospectively associated with a higher level of SR at T2(β=0.14,p<0.001).Such models differed significantly by neither gender nor grade.Conclusion:SR and depression should be seen as each other’s mutually reinforcing association.The bidirectional relationships potentially result in a vicious cycle.Early interventions may target both problems concurrently.Future studies may involve more time points and test some mediators.
文摘Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.Previous studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.In the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side effects.This review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.
文摘Objectives:Childhood and adolescent obesity are an increasing global health concern.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for prevention and treatment.Methods:All studies were searched in online databases and grey literature,including PubMed(Medline),Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,IEEE Xplore Digital Library,Journal of Medical Internet Research(JMIR),MedNar,EBSco Open Dissertations.The search period is from inception to June 2023,and the languages are Finnish,English and Swedish.The research quality was evaluated using the web-based data management system Covidence for prevalence studies.The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO(registration number:CRD42021247595).Results:In this review,4,407 studies were screened,and 22 were included.These involved 3,433 participants and 264 child-parent pairs.The digital approaches included multicomponent elements like internet platforms,text messaging,video conferencing,online communities,wearable technology,and mobile apps,allowing one-way,two-way,and face-to-face interactions.Two studies showed statistically significant effects of treatment on BMI and waist-to-hip ratio.Most interventions reported positive outcomes,with no significant differences between groups,and none showed null effects during followup.Conclusions:Digital multicomponents like mobile apps and wearables can help obese children and adolescents adopt healthier lifestyles.While these interventions show promise for obesity management,further research is needed to assess their effectiveness,particularly regarding nurses'perspectives.
基金Supported by the Medical Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,No.2024WSJK110.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is increasing,yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated comorbidities.AIM To assess the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments in managing T2DM in children and adolescents.The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42022382165).METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications between 1990 to September 2024 without language restrictions.Randomized control trials(RCTs)of pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with T2DM(aged<19 years)were included.The primary outcome was a change in glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)from baseline to follow-up.Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight,body mass index(BMI),total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein from baseline,and incidence of adverse events during study periods.Screening,full-text review,data extraction,and assessments of risk of bias were done by two reviewers.Conflicts on each step were resolved by a third reviewer.Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 6.5(RevMan 6.5)and‘R’software via RStudio,‘meta’and‘netmeta’.RESULTS A total of 12 studies having low to moderate risk of bias with 1658 participants,and follow-up duration 12-52 weeks were included.In our network meta-analysis,compared to control(s),the reduction of HbA1c was sig-nificantly larger for dulaglutide[mean difference(MD),95%confidence interval:-1.20,-2.12 to-0.28],followed by dapagliflozin(-0.94,-1.44 to-0.44),liraglutide(-0.91,-1.37 to-0.45),empagliflozin(-0.87,-1.40 to-0.34),exenatide(-0.59,-1.07 to-0.11)and linagliptin(-0.45,-0.87 to-0.02)while other drugs had little or no effect.While liraglutide was associated with a change in body weight[MD-2.41(-4.68,-0.14)kg],no other drug treatment was associated with significant changes in body weight,BMI,and lipids.Apart from level 1 hypoglycemia with liraglutide[risk difference(RD):0.20,0.04-0.37]and minor adverse events with dulaglutide(RD:0.24,0.08-0.40),no other treatment was associated with excess risk of hypoglycemia or minor or major adverse events.CONCLUSION Pharmacotherapy of T2DM with dulaglutide,dapagliflozin,liraglutide,empagliflozin,exenatide,and linagliptin in children is associated with modest reduction of HbA1c.Larger RCTs with longer follow-up durations are needed to guide better therapeutic decision making.
文摘Objective This study aimed to analyse the trend of the mental disorder spectrum in children and adolescents from 2014 to 2022 in one city in Central China and to provide actionable recommendations for the prevention and management of mental disorders.Methods In this hospital-based retrospective study,we utilized child and adolescent medical records data from the Wuhan Mental Health Center from January 2014 to December 2022 and examined the top 5 mental disorders(schizophrenia,depressive episode,bipolar disorder,pervasive developmental disorder,and unspecified mood disorder)that accounted for the overall proportion of patients admitted.The rank and proportion of these mental disorders,demographic characteristics and disease indicators were analysed.Results There was a significant upwards trend in the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders over the past 9 years,with a sharp decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,followed by a rebound in 2021 and a sustained level above prepandemic figures by 2022.The average age of hospitalization decreased significantly from 20.7 to 16.2 years,with a marked increase in the 12-17-year-old age group.The proportion of female hospitalizations increased from 39.2%to 55.2%,with a corresponding decrease in male hospitalizations.There was a notable decrease in the proportion of schizophrenia cases and an ascent of depressive episode to the most prevalent position.Conclusion This study emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions and resources for severe mental disorders in children and adolescents and the importance of early detection and management of mental disorders to mitigate long-term effects on well-being and development.
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects,No. 2021ZD0200500 (to XS)。
文摘Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a crucial neurotrophic factor that plays a significant role in brain health. Although the vast majority of meta-analyses have confirmed that exercise interventions can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents, the effects of specific types of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are still controversial. To address this issue, we used meta-analytic methods to quantitatively evaluate, analyze, and integrate relevant studies. Our goals were to formulate general conclusions regarding the use of exercise interventions, explore the physiological mechanisms by which exercise improves brain health and cognitive ability in children and adolescents, and provide a reliable foundation for follow-up research. We used the Pub Med, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Weipu, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to search for randomized controlled trials examining the influences of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. According to the inclusion criteria, we assessed randomized controlled trials in which the samples were mainly children and adolescents, and the outcome indicators were measured before and after the intervention. We excluded animal experiments, studies that lacked a control group, and those that did not report quantitative results. The mean difference(MD;before versus after intervention) was used to evaluate the effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. Overall, 531 participants(60 children and 471 adolescents, 10.9–16.1 years) were included from 13 randomized controlled trials. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q statistic and I^(2) test provided by Review Manager software. The meta-analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity among the studies(P = 0.67, I^(2) = 0.00%). The combined effect of the interventions was significant(MD = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.53–4.22, P < 0.0001), indicating that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels of the children and adolescents in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, different types of exercise interventions significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. However, because of the small sample size of this meta-analysis, more high-quality research is needed to verify our conclusions. This metaanalysis was registered at PROSPERO(registration ID: CRD42023439408).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82105018 and No.81903950.
文摘BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys indicate an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among children and adolescents worldwide.Due to rapid disease progression,severe long-term cardiorenal complications,a lack of effective treatment strategies,and substantial socioeconomic burdens,it has become an urgent public health issue that requires management and resolution.Adolescent T2DM differs from adult T2DM.Despite a significant increase in our understanding of youth-onset T2DM over the past two decades,the related review and evidence-based content remain limited.AIM To visualize the hotspots and trends in pediatric and adolescent T2DM research and to forecast their future research themes.METHODS This study utilized the terms“children”,“adolescents”,and“type 2 diabetes”,retrieving relevant articles published between 1983 and 2023 from three citation databases within the Web of Science Core Collection(SCI,SSCI,ESCI).Utilizing CiteSpace and VoSviewer software,we analyze and visually represent the annual output of literature,countries involved,and participating institutions.This allows us to predict trends in this research field.Our analysis encompasses co-cited authors,journal overlays,citation overlays,time-zone views,keyword analysis,and reference analysis,etc.RESULTS A total of 9210 articles were included,and the annual publication volume in this field showed a steady growth trend.The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index.The United States also had the most research institutions and the strongest research capacity.The global hot journals were primarily diabetes professional journals but also included journals related to nutrition,endocrinology,and metabolism.Keyword analysis showed that research related to endothelial dysfunction,exposure risk,cardiac metabolic risk,changes in gut microbiota,the impact on comorbidities and outcomes,etc.,were emerging keywords.They have maintained their popularity in this field,suggesting that these areas have garnered significant research interest in recent years.CONCLUSION Pediatric and adolescent T2DM is increasingly drawing global attention,with genes,behaviors,environmental factors,and multisystemic interventions potentially emerging as future research hot spots.
基金supported by funding from the National Institution of Neurological Disorders and Stroke(1R41NS103698-01A1 to CLM)。
文摘Background:Early identification of concussion-related vision disorders(CRVDs)may improve outcomes by enabling earlier management,referral,and treatment.Objective eye tracking may provide additional data to support the diagnose of CRVDs.The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of objective infrared eye tracking in identifying CRVDs among adolescents experiencing persisting post-concussive symptoms(PPCS)more than 28 days after injury.Methods:This was a prospective study of adolescents with PPCS evaluated with visio-vestibular examination(VVE),comprehensive vision examination,and an eye tracking device.Results:Of the 108 adolescents enrolled,67(62%)were diagnosed with a CRVD by comprehensive vision examination.On VVE,the near point of convergence break(5.5±3.2 cm vs.3.9±1.7 cm(mean±SD),p<0.001)and recovery(8.1±3.3 cm vs.6.8±2.3 cm,p=0.02)distinguished between those with and without CRVD.Concussion symptom provocation on VVE with horizontal saccades(35(52%)vs.12(29%),p=0.02)and horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex testing(37(55%)vs.14(34%),p=0.03),and sway on tandem gait under the forward eyes closed condition(25(37%)vs.6(15%),p=0.01)also identified those with CRVD.From the eye tracking device,the BOX score(8.1±5.8 vs.5.2±4.1,p=0.007)and a metric of the left eye tracking along the bottom of the visual target(0.094±0.500 vs.-0.124±0.410,p=0.02)identified those with CRVD,with a multivariable receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,including the BOX score,achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7637.Conclusion:CRVDs are common in those with PPCS,with impact on recovery after concussion.Novel eye-tracking metrics can serve as an aid in the identification of those with CRVDs who would benefit from referral for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0212900)the Joint Project of Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Chongqing Health Commission(2023CCXM003)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0505700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271565 and 82301714)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0398,GZB20230916,2023MD734124)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0106)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program of Chongqing,China(2208013341918508).
文摘Adolescent depression is increasingly recognized as a serious mental health disorder with distinct clinical and molecular features.Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing,we identified cell-specific transcriptomic changes in the nucleus accumbens(NAc),particularly in astrocytes,of adolescent macaques exhibiting depressive-like behaviors.The level of diacylglycerol kinase beta was significantly reduced in neurons and glial cells of depressed macaques,while FKBP5 levels increased in glial cells.Disruption of GABAergic synapses and disruption of D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism were linked to depressive phenotypes in medium spiny neurons(MSNs)and subtypes of astrocytes.Communication pathways between astrocytes and D1/D2-MSNs were also disrupted,involving factors like bone morphogenetic protein-6 and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase-4.Bulk transcriptomic and proteomic analyses corroborated these findings,and FKBP5 upregulation was confirmed by qRT-PCR,western blotting,and immunofluorescence in the NAc of rats and macaques with chronic unpredictable mild stress.Our results highlight the specific roles of different cell types in adolescent depression in the NAc,offering potential targets for new antidepressant therapies.
基金supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education,to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:While various factors contributing to delinquency have been explored,the role of selfesteem in this specific context has received little attention.Hence,this study aims to investigate the complex issue of adolescent delinquency in Iran by focusing on the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquent behavior.Methods:Using the multistage cluster random sampling method,the research involved 528 high school students in Tehran.Each student completed validated scales assessing their parental attachment,self-esteem,and delinquency at school.Multiple regression analyses with the Sobel test and bootstrappingmethod were used to examine mediated effects.Results:Thefindings reveal that self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship betweenmaternal attachment and delinquency(standardized coefficient=−0.0292;p=0.04).Adolescents with secure maternal attachments tend to exhibit higher self-esteem,which reduces the likelihood of delinquent behavior.In contrast,paternal attachment did not show a significant mediating effect in this study.These results underscore the importance of cultivating secure maternal relationships and fostering positive self-esteem to address adolescent delinquency.Conclusion:The study suggests that targeted interventions that strengthen maternal attachment and boost self-esteem could effectively mitigate delinquent behaviors among Iranian adolescents.These interventions should prioritize the emotional support and value of secure maternal bonds as key factors in promoting healthy adolescent development.
基金supported by Seoul National University of Science and Technology.
文摘Background:It has been broadly witnessed that a large number of adolescents are suffering emotional and mental health problems after COVID-19,and such adverse experiences in early life often extend into adulthood,resulting in serious long-term implications.However,it is accepted that the literature examining the relationship between mental health problems in adolescents and their underlying psychological factors is limited.The purposes of the current study were to identify mental health problems of Korean adolescents and to investigate the possible influence of self-esteem,self-efficacy,and health locus of control on mental health problems.Methods:A total of 2104 Korean adolescents were randomly recruited from junior high and high schools located in Seoul,Korea.The Korean Symptom Checklist,and Self-esteem Scale,Health Locus of Control Scale,Self-efficacy Scale were applied to identify mental health problems and psychological factors among adolescents.Frequency analysis,independent t-tests,one-way ANOVA,correlation analysis,and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the study hypothesis.Results:Korean adolescents showed a high prevalence of depression(61.4%),anxiety(44.7%),interpersonal sensitivity(76.1%),and hostility(40.3%).In addition,the findings indicated significant gender and age differences in adolescent mental health problems.Moreover,results reported that the adolescents’mental health problems were significantly associated with psychological factors(R^(2)=0.51 for depression,0.38 for anxiety,0.33 for interpersonal sensitivity,and 0.23 for hostility).Conclusions:The current findings highlight the need for comprehensive,culturally relevant mental health strategies for Korean adolescents.The interventions that foster psychological resilience,promote positive self-concept,and encourage internal control beliefs may be effective in mitigating mental health challenges.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to examine the association between parent-child relationships and physically aggressive behavior among adolescents.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study that uses secondary data from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-Based Health Survey(IGSHS).Health surveys were conducted in 75 schools representing three regions(Sumatra,Java-Bali;Outer Sumatra;and Java-Bali)in 26 provinces and 68 districts/cities in Indonesia(N=10,139 students).Students who participated were aged 12-19 years,were enrolled in public schools in the junior and high school levels.Results:It has been seen that for most middle-aged adolescents(58.7%),their parents(25%-29%)pay less attention to academic assignments(homework),problems,and use of free time.The most significant factors that influence adolescents to commit violence are smoking and consuming alcohol.Adolescents who smoke are twice as likely to commit physical violence compared with adolescents who do not smoke(OR=2.005;95%CI=1.7062-2.396).Meanwhile,adolescents who consume alcohol are 1.8 times more likely to commit physical violence compared with adolescents who do not consume alcohol(OR=1.807;95%CI=1.421-2.298).Conclusions:Through educational activities and consultations,this study’s findings are valuable for establishing parenting programs among those concerned about their children’s aggressive behavior.Meanwhile,counseling programs can be started in schools by conducting self-detection of negative adolescent behavior,such as screening for smoking,alcohol consumption,sleep issues,and attempted suicide.
文摘BACKGROUND The impact of mental health,including anxiety,on academic performance has been studied in several countries,but few data exist for Sudan.AIM To investigate the correlation between anxiety scores and academic performance among adolescent schoolchildren in Northern Sudan.METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out during the 2021–2022 academic year among schoolchildren from randomly selected schools in Almatamah locality,River Nile State,Northern Sudan.A questionnaire was used to collect the parti-cipants’sociodemographic data.Anxiety levels were assessed using the ques-tionnaire tools of the General Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale.Students’academic performance scores were obtained from school records.Multivariate linear regression was performed.RESULTS A total of 328 students participated in this study,comprising 156 boys(47.6%)and 172 girls(52.4%).The median[interquartile range(IQR)]age of the students was 14.9 years(13.9–15.6 years).The median(IQR)of the students’academic scores was 27.6%(22.2%–48.1%).The median(IQR)of the students’anxiety scores was 0(0–3).In univariate linear analysis,anxiety scores were positively associated with academic performance scores(coefficient=1.19,P value<0.001).In multivariate linear analysis,after controlling for age,sex,parental education,occupation,and body mass index-Z-score,anxiety scores were positively associated with academic performance scores(coefficient=0.60,P value<0.001).CONCLUSION The current study revealed a positive correlation between anxiety scores and students’academic performance scores.However,the association between mental health disorders,including anxiety,and academic performance is a complex issue.Therefore,further studies are recommended.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding Project,No.BJ-2023-206.
文摘Adolescent depressive symptoms represent a significant public health concern,with negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes playing pivotal roles in theirdevelopment.A cross-sectional study by Yu et al assessed the interplay betweendysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depressive symptoms in 795 Chineseadolescents(49.9%male,mean age 15.2±1.8 years,age range 11-18 years)fromfive middle schools in Shandong Province.Using the Dysfunctional AttitudesScale,Adolescent Life Events Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and SocialSupport Rating Scale,the study identified that dysfunctional attitudes,particularlyover-autonomy and over-perfectionism,mediate the relationship betweennegative life events and depressive symptoms.Social support moderated thisrelationship,significantly reducing depressive symptoms.These findingsunderscore the need for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting dysfunctionalattitudes and enhancing social support to address adolescent depressivesymptoms.In this article,we extend their findings to highlight the significance ofculturally tailored interventions that incorporate familial and communitydynamics in mitigating depressive symptoms,particularly in collectivist societies.
基金Research Project of Yunnan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital(SJKY-2023-10).
文摘Objective:To investigate the differences in childhood trauma and life events between adolescents with depression and healthy controls,and to analyze the correlations between these factors and depressive symptoms.As such,we aim to provide theoretical foundations for early identification and intervention.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled 90 hospitalized adolescents with depression(case group)and 91 healthy adolescents(control group).Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist(ASLEC),and Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI)were administered to assess trauma history,life event stressors,and depressive symptoms.Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests,chi-square tests,and Pearson correlation analysis.Results:The case group demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of only-child families(28.9%).ASLEC and CDI scores were significantly elevated in the case group compared to the control group(P<0.05).In comparison,CTQ scores were lower in the case group(P=0.025).Positive correlations were identified between CDI scores and both CTQ(r=0.261)and ASLEC(r=0.218)in the case group.Conclusion:Child-hood trauma and recent life event stressors demonstrate significant associations with adolescent depressive symp-toms,potentially mediated through emotional dysregulation and negative cognitive bias.Implementation of early trauma screening protocols combined with stress management interventions(e.g.,cognitive behavioral therapy)and family system optimization strategies may effectively mitigate depression risk in this population.
基金the Global WACh Rising Star Seed Award by the Department of Global Health,University of Washington,Seattle,USA(Grant No:UW/GWACh/RSA/2023-01)。
文摘Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
