Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives.Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubri...Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives.Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubricant additives,their macromolecular analogs have been rarely considered yet to develop environmentally friendly lubricant additives.In this work,a series of boron-containing copolymers have been synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate and isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester with different feeding ratios(S_(n)-r-B_(m),n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5,9).The resulting copolymers of S_(n)-r-B_(m)(n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5)are readily dispersed in the PAO-10 base oil and form micelle-like aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 9.7 to 52 nm.SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating tribological tests on ball-on-flat steel pairs show that compared with the base oil of PAO-10,the friction coefficients and wear volumes of the base oil solutions of S_(n)-r-B_(m)decrease considerably up to 62%and 97%,respectively.Moreover,the base oil solution of S_(1)-r-B_(1)exhibits an excellent load-bearing capacity of(850±100)N.These superior lubricating properties are due to the formation of protective tribofilms comprising S_(n)-r-B_(m),boron oxide,and iron oxide compounds on the lubricated steel surface.Therefore,the boron-containing copolymers can be regarded as a novel class of environmentally friendly lubricating oil macroadditives for efficient friction and wear reduction without sulfur and phosphorus elements.展开更多
Lubricating greases are widely used in mechanical engineering,especially in rolling bearing.Carbon-based materials show promise as lubricant additive for formulating high-performance grease.However,the enhancement of ...Lubricating greases are widely used in mechanical engineering,especially in rolling bearing.Carbon-based materials show promise as lubricant additive for formulating high-performance grease.However,the enhancement of lubrication performance of carbon-based materials limits by the simple lubricating mechanism.This work demonstrates that nanocomposite of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived carbon as a grease additive can improve the tribological properties of bentone grease.HKUST-1 was synthesized by a solvent method and converted into HKUST-1 derived carbon(HDC) via one-step pyrolysis sacrifice template method.After pyrolysis of HKUST-1 at 350℃,Cu_(2+)was reduced to zero-valence copper.With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 950℃,both the particle size of copper in HDC and the degree of graphite defect increased gradually.Types of HDCs as base grease additives significantly improved friction-reduction and anti-wear performance of bentone grease.Compared with the base grease,HDC-950 ℃ with the amount of 2 wt% addition reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss by 35.5% and 97.0%,respectively.The superior tribological performance of the HDC-950℃is attributed to the synergistic effect of carbon and copper nanoparticles to induce tribochemical reaction,which form a stable protective film on the friction surfaces.This study highlights the potential of MOFs-derived carbon for developing high-performance grease additives.展开更多
The addition of complexing agents to the electrolyte has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the discharge performance of magnesium-air batteries.In this work,four complexing agents:citric acid(CIT),salicy...The addition of complexing agents to the electrolyte has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the discharge performance of magnesium-air batteries.In this work,four complexing agents:citric acid(CIT),salicylic acid(SAL),2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,6-DHB),and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid(5-sulfoSAL)were selected as potential candidates.Through electrochemical tests,full-cell discharge experiments,and physicochemical characterization,the impact of these complexing agents on the discharge performance of magnesium-air batteries using AZ31 alloy as the anode material was investigated.The results demonstrated that the four complexing agents increased the discharge voltage of the batteries.Notably,SAL could significantly improve the anodic efficiency and the discharge specific capacity,achieving an anodic efficiency of 60.3%and a specific capacity of 1358.3 mA·h/g at a discharge current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).展开更多
Unstable Zn interface caused by rampant dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions always hinders the practical application of aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs),Herein,tyrosine(Tyr)with high molecular polarity was...Unstable Zn interface caused by rampant dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions always hinders the practical application of aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs),Herein,tyrosine(Tyr)with high molecular polarity was introduced into aqueous electrolyte to modulate the interfacial electrochemistry of Zn anode.In AZMBs,the positively charged side of Tyr can be well adsorbed on the surface of Zn anode to form a water-poor layer,and the exposed carboxylate side can be easily coordinated with Zn^(2+),favoring inducing uniform plating of Zn^(2+)and inhibiting the occurrence of water-induced side reactions.These in turn enable the achievement of highly stable Zn anode.Accordingly,the Zn anodes achieve outstanding cyclic stability(3000 h at 2 mA cm^(-2),2 mA h cm^(-2)and 1300 h at 5 mA cm^(-2),5 mA h cm^(-2)),high average Coulombic efficiency(99.4%over 3200 cycles),and high depth of discharge(80%for 500 h).Besides,the assembled Zn‖NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O full cells deliver remarkable capacity retention and ultra-long lifetime(61.8%over 6650 cycles at 5 A g^(-1))and enhanced rate capability(169 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).The work may promote the design and deep understanding of electrolyte additives with high molecular polarity for high-performance AZMBs.展开更多
Organic additives with multiple functional groups have shown great promise in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.The functional groups can passivate undercoordinated ions to reduce nonra...Organic additives with multiple functional groups have shown great promise in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.The functional groups can passivate undercoordinated ions to reduce nonradiative recombination losses.However,how these groups synergistically affect the enhancement beyond passivation is still unclear.Specifically,isomeric molecules with different substitution patterns or molecular shapes remain elusive in designing new organic additives.Here,we report two isomeric carbazolyl bisphosphonate additives,2,7-Cz BP and 3,6-Cz BP.The isomerism effect on passivation and charge transport process was studied.The two molecules have similar passivation effects through multiple interactions,e.g.,P=O···Pb,P=O···H–N and N–H···I.2,7-CzBP can further bridge the perovskite crystallites to facilitates charge transport.Power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 25.88%and 21.04%were achieved for 0.09 cm^(2)devices and 14 cm^(2)modules after 2,7-Cz BP treatment,respectively.The devices exhibited enhanced operational stability maintaining 95%of initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous maximum power point tracking.This study of isomerism effect hints at the importance of tuning substitution positions and molecular shapes for organic additives,which paves the way for innovation of next-generation multifunctional aromatic additives.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics,yet traditional bulk heterojunction(BHJ)devices face inherent limitations in morphology control and phase separation.La...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics,yet traditional bulk heterojunction(BHJ)devices face inherent limitations in morphology control and phase separation.Layer‐by‐layer(LbL)processing with a p–i–n configuration offers an innovative solution by enabling precise control over donor–acceptor distribution and interfacial characteristics.Here,we systematically investigate nine halogen‐functionalized additives across three categories—methyl halides,thiophene halides,and benzene halides—for optimizing LbL device performance.These additives,distinguished by their diverse thermal properties and solid–liquid transformation capabilities below 100°C,are functionalized as both nucleation centers and morphology‐modulating plasticizers during thermal treatment.Among them,2‐bromo‐5‐iodothiophene(BIT)demonstrates superior performance through synergistic effects of its bromine–iodine combination and thiophene core in mediating donor–acceptor interactions.LbL devices processed with BIT achieve exceptional metrics in the PM6/L8‐BO system,including a open‐circuit voltage of 0.916 V,a short‐circuit current density of 27.12 mA cm−2,and an fill factor of 80.97%,resulting in an impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.12%.This study establishes a molecular design strategy for halogen‐functionalized additives that simultaneously optimizes both donor and acceptor layers while maintaining processing simplicity for potential industrial applications.展开更多
Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Znion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits.However,...Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Znion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits.However,the impact of cationic and anionic moieties within zwitterions on enhancing the performance of AZIBs remains poorly understood.Herein,three zwitterions,namely carboxybetaine methacrylate(CBMA),sulfobetaine methacrylate(SBMA),and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC),were selected as additives to investigate their different action mechanisms in AZIBs.All three zwitterions have the same quaternary ammonium as the positively charged group,but having different negatively charged segments,i.e.,carboxylate,sulfonate,and phosphate for CBMA,SBMA,and MPC,respectively.By systematical electrochemical analysis,these zwitterions all contribute to enhanced cycling life of Zn anode,with MPC having the most pronounced effect,which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of positively quaternary ammonium group and unique negatively phosphate groups.As a result,the Zn//Zn cell with MPC as additive in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte exhibits an ultralong lifespan over 5000 h.This work proposes new insights to the future development of multifunctional zwitterionic additives for remarkably stable AZIBs.展开更多
The performance of organic solar cells is significantly influenced by the acceptor molecular packing properties within the active layers,which is essential for optimizing charge dynamics and photovoltaic performance.H...The performance of organic solar cells is significantly influenced by the acceptor molecular packing properties within the active layers,which is essential for optimizing charge dynamics and photovoltaic performance.However,achieving precise control over this packaging structure presents a considerable challenge.Herein,we propose a dual additive strategy utilizing dibenzofuran and halogenated naphthalene to systematically manipulate molecular packing orientation and enhance the long-range molecular packing order of the acceptors.Dibenzofuran is crucial in promoting crystallinity within the material,facilitating the formation of an ordered structure,while halogenated naphthalene regulates the orientation of the molecules,ensuring proper alignment.Specifically,the combination of dibenzofuran and 1-chloronaphthalene promotes edge-on molecular packing and enhances the formation of nanofibrillar structures with improved order,leading to improved charge transport and device performance.Implementing this strategy in devices composed of PM6 and L8-BO has yielded a power conversion efficiency of 19.58%,accompanied by long-term stability.Similarly,1-fluoronaphthalene has also demonstrated effectiveness in improving molecular orientation and overall device efficiency,demonstrating the robustness of this dual additive strategy.By addressing the challenges associated with molecular packing and orientation in active layers,our result contributes valuable insights into optimizing organic solar cells for practical applications.展开更多
Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-li...Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-lithiation additives is a challenging research hotspot.Herein,interfacial engineered multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/LiF micro/nanoparticles are proposed as anode pre-lithiation additives,successfully constructed with the hybrid interface on the surface of Li_(13)Si_(4)through PFPE-induced nucleophilic substitution.The synthesized multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF realizes the integration of active Li compensation,long-term chemical structural stability in air,and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)optimization.In particular,the Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF with a high pre-lithiation capacity(1102.4 mAh g^(-1))is employed in the pre-lithiation Si-based anode,which exhibits a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 102.6%.Additionally,in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman,density functional theory calculation,and finite element analysis jointly illustrate that PFPE-predominant hybrid interface with modulated abundant highly electronegative F atoms distribution reduces the water adsorption energy and oxidation kinetics of Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,which delivers a high pre-lithiation capacity retention of 84.39%after exposure to extremely moist air(60%relative humidity).Intriguingly,a LiF-rich mechanically stable bilayer SEI is constructed on anodes through a pre-lithiation-driven regulation for the behavior of electrolyte decomposition.Benefitting from pre-lithiation via multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,the full cell and pouch cell assembled with pre-lithiated anodes operate with long-time stability of 86.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles and superior energy density of 549.9 Wh kg^(-1),respectively.The universal multifunctional pre-lithiation additives provide enlightenment on promoting large-scale applications of pre-lithiation on commercial high-energy-density and long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,saf...Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.展开更多
The electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)can be prominently enhanced by minimizing the detrimental degradation of solid electrolytes through their undesirable side reactions with the...The electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)can be prominently enhanced by minimizing the detrimental degradation of solid electrolytes through their undesirable side reactions with the conductive carbon additives(CCAs)inside the composite cathodes.Herein,the well-defined Mo_(3)Ni_(3)N nanosheets embedded onto the N-doped porous carbons(NPCs)substrate are successfully synthesized(Mo-Ni@NPCs)as CCAs inside LiCoO_(2)for Li_(6)PSC_5)Cl(LPSCl)-based ASSLBs.This nano-composite not only makes it difficult for hydroxide groups(-OH)to survive on the surface but also allows the in situ surface reconstruction to generate the ultra-stable MoS_(2)-Mo_(3)Ni_(3)N heterostructures after the initial cycling stage.These can effectively prevent the occurrence of OH-induced LPSC decomposition reaction from producing harmful insulating sulfates,as well as simultaneously constructing the highly-efficient electrons/ions dual-migration pathways at the cathode interfaces to facilitate the improvement of both electrons and Li+ions conductivities in ASSLBs.With this approach,fine-tuned Mo-Ni@NPCs can deliver extremely outstanding performance,including an ultra-high first discharge-specific capacity of 148.61 mAh g^(-1)(0.1C),a high Coulombic efficiency(94.01%),and a capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles still attain as high as 90.62%.This work provides a brand-new approach of“conversionprotection”strategy to overcome the drawbacks of composite cathodes interfaces instability and further promotes the commercialization of ASSLBs.展开更多
Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),which have significant advantages over other batteries,including low cost,high safety,high ionic conductivity,and a natural abundance of zinc,have been regarded as a ...Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),which have significant advantages over other batteries,including low cost,high safety,high ionic conductivity,and a natural abundance of zinc,have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).ZIBs still face some critical challenges,however,especially for building a reversible zinc anode.To address the reversibility of zinc anode,great efforts have been made on intrinsic anode engineering and anode interface modification.Less attention has been devoted to the electrolyte additives,however,which could not only significantly improve the reversibility of zinc anode,but also determine the viability and overall performance of ZIBs.This review aims to provide an overview of the two main functions of electrolyte additives,followed by details on six reasons why additives might improve the performance of ZIBs from the perspectives of creating new layers and regulating current plating/stripping processes.Furthermore,the remaining difficulties and potential directions for additives in aqueous ZIBs are also highlighted.展开更多
Crystallographic engineering of Zn anodes to favor the exposure of(002)planes is an effective approach for improving stability in aqueous electrolytes.However,achieving non-epitaxial electrodeposition with a pronounce...Crystallographic engineering of Zn anodes to favor the exposure of(002)planes is an effective approach for improving stability in aqueous electrolytes.However,achieving non-epitaxial electrodeposition with a pronounced(002)texture and maintaining this orientation during extended cycling remains challenging.This study questions the prevailing notion that a single(002)-textured Zn anode inherently ensures superior stability,showing that such anodes cannot sustain their texture in ZnSO_(4)electrolytes.We then introduced a novel electrolyte additive,benzyltriethylammonium chloride(TEBAC),which preserves the(002)texture over prolonged cycling.Furthermore,we successfully converted commercial Zn foils into highly crystalline(002)-textured Zn without any pretreatment.Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the cationic TEBA^(+)selectively adsorbs onto the anode surface,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)plane and suppressing dendrite formation.A critical discovery was the pitting corrosion caused by chloride ions from TEBAC,which we mitigated by anion substitution.This modification leads to a remarkable lifespan of 375 days for the Zn||Zn symmetric cells at 1 m A cm^(-2)and 1 m Ah cm^(-2).Furthermore,a TEBA^(+)-modified Zn||VO_(2)full cell demonstrates high specific capacity and robust cycle stability at 10.0 Ag^(-1).These results provide valuable insights and strategies for developing long-life Zn ion batteries.展开更多
The textile industry has long relied on various additives to enhance the properties of fabrics,making them more durable,resistant to stains,and even antimicrobial.These additives include dyes,coatings,flame retardants...The textile industry has long relied on various additives to enhance the properties of fabrics,making them more durable,resistant to stains,and even antimicrobial.These additives include dyes,coatings,flame retardants,and water-repellent finishes.While they offer significant functional benefits,they pose a serious challenge when it comes to recycling textiles.Since many of these additives are chemically bonded to fibres,they make the separation and recovery of pure materials incredibly difficult.展开更多
Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial ...Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial irreversible capacity loss during the first few cycles owing to forming the solid electrolyte interphase layer(SEI).This process consumes a profusion of lithium/sodium,which reduces the overall energy density and cycle life.Thus,a suitable approach to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss must be developed to improve the energy density and cycle life.Pre-lithiation/sodiation is a widely accepted process to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles.Various strategies such as physical,chemical,and electrochemical pre-lithiation/sodiation have been explored;however,these approaches add an extra step to the current manufacturing process.Alternative to these strategies,pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have attracted enormous attention due to their easy adaptability and compatibility with the current battery manufacturing process.In this review,we consolidate recent developments and emphasize the importance of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives(anode and cathode)to overcome the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles in lithium/sodium-ion batteries.This review also addresses the technical and scientific challenges of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives and offers the insights to boost the energy density and cycle life with their possible commercial exploration.The most important prerequisites for designing effective pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have been explored and the future directions have been discussed.展开更多
Ce（SO4）2？H2O2 solution was adopted to prepare a chemical conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy.Additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate were applied to improving the coating formation.SEM,...Ce（SO4）2？H2O2 solution was adopted to prepare a chemical conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy.Additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate were applied to improving the coating formation.SEM,EDS,XRD and GIXD were adopted to study the coating morphology,structure and composition,and the potential change curve in the treating solution was recorded to study the coating growth.Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate makes a remarkable improvement in the coating compactness,and shortens the time in the second stage of the coating formation from 5 min to 2 min.Compared to Ni（NO3）2,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate makes the more remarkable effect on the corrosion resistance improvement,since it can decrease the current density of corrosion from 7.41×10-5 A/cm2 to 2.20×10-5 A/cm2.The additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate can enhance the Ce content from 18.92% to 22.32% and 25.08% in the coating,respectively.The XRD and GIXD results indicated that all the conversion coating formed in different solutions exhibit amorphous structure.展开更多
A novel process for sulfidation of ZnO by co-grinding with sulfur and reductive additives （P, Fe, A1, and Mg） was developed. The sulfidation extent of ZnO with the addition of P, Fe, A1 or Mg can reach 85.2%, 81.6%,...A novel process for sulfidation of ZnO by co-grinding with sulfur and reductive additives （P, Fe, A1, and Mg） was developed. The sulfidation extent of ZnO with the addition of P, Fe, A1 or Mg can reach 85.2%, 81.6%, 96.7% and 92.6% after grinding for 4, 6, 1 and 1 h, respectively. Based on the chemical phase composition analysis and morphological characteristics of sulfidized products by XRD, SEM and TEM, a possible reaction mechanism, mechanically induced self-propagating reaction （MSR）, was proposed to explain the sulfidization reaction. In addition, the floatability of sulfidized products was investigated for the recovery of metal sulfide and ZnS can be concentrated with a high concentration ratio and concentrate grade. By using the sulfidizing process, it is expected that the recovery of zinc from the wastes or purification of heavy-metal-containing hazardous residues is technically feasible.展开更多
The core-shell structure silicon-resin precursor powders were synthesized through coat-mix process and addition of Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 composite additives.A series of porous silicon carbide ceramics were produced after mo...The core-shell structure silicon-resin precursor powders were synthesized through coat-mix process and addition of Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 composite additives.A series of porous silicon carbide ceramics were produced after molding,carbonization and sintering.The phase,morphology,porosity,thermal conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,and thermal shock resistance were analyzed.The results show that porous silicon carbide ceramics can be produced at low temperature.The grain size of porous silicon carbide ceramic is small,and the thermal conductivity is enhanced significantly.Composite additives also improve the thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics.The bending strength loss rate after 30 times of thermal shock test of the porous ceramics which were added Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 and sintered at 1 650 ℃ is only 6.5%.Moreover,the pore inside of the sample is smooth,and the pore size distribution is uniform.Composite additives make little effect on the thermal expansion coefficient of the porous silicon carbide ceramics.展开更多
Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL‐ODH)is a promising novel method to convert ethane into higher value‐added ethylene.In this study,perovskite‐type Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) was prepared by the one‐step cit...Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL‐ODH)is a promising novel method to convert ethane into higher value‐added ethylene.In this study,perovskite‐type Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) was prepared by the one‐step citric acid‐gel method and applied as an oxygen carrier in the CL‐ODH process of ethane to ethylene;moreover,the effects of CuO,ZnO,and MgO as additives were investigated.The properties of the oxygen carriers were characterized using XRD,BET,XPS,H_(2)‐TPR,O_(2)‐TPD,and EPR.Characterization results showed that the addition of additives into Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) increased the amounts of surface chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen.Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) had a strong ability to absorb and release oxygen after adding CuO,ZnO,and MgO,respectively.The performances of the oxygen carriers for CL‐ODH of ethane to ethylene were studied at a reaction temperature of 650℃,atmospheric pressure,and GHSV of 15,000 mL/g·h in eight redox cycles.All the oxygen carriers had 100%ethane conversion,and ZnO‐Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) exhibited the best ethylene selectivity of more than 70%in all the oxygen carriers.It was confirmed that lattice oxygen was mainly responsible for the selectivity of ethylene,and oxygen vacancies were conducive to the migration of lattice oxygen.Most of Zn^(2+) entered into the bulk phase of Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3),and formed lots of oxygen vacancies.展开更多
The fine control of active blend morphologies is crucial to achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,by introducing structurally simple,non-halogenated volatile solid additives,we have demonstrate...The fine control of active blend morphologies is crucial to achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,by introducing structurally simple,non-halogenated volatile solid additives,we have demonstrated that the polar 2-naphthonitrile(2-CAN)additives help modulate the kinetics of blend morphological evolution during film drying.It is revealed that 2-CAN favorably interacted with acceptor moieties,and the transition from presence to absence of additives triggered the arrangement and aggregation of acceptors,hence yielding the ordered molecular stacks in the bulk heterojunction(BHJ)blends.Optimal blend morphologies with fibril networks were established to improve the excitonic and charge dynamics of active blends,enabling PM6:L8-BO binary OSCs with the promising efficiency of 19.08%(with 2-CAN),which outperformed that of devices with non-polar naphthalene(NA)additives(18.18%)or without additive treatments(17.43%).Meanwhile,non-halogenated 2-CAN exhibited excellent processing features of reproducibility and versatility toward different active blends for fabricating efficient devices.Such 2-CAN-assisted devices with robust transport layers allowed maintaining decent thermal stabilities under continuous 85℃ of thermal annealing.Overall,this work provides an effective strategy on tuning blend morphologies for efficient organic photovoltaics.展开更多
文摘Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives.Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubricant additives,their macromolecular analogs have been rarely considered yet to develop environmentally friendly lubricant additives.In this work,a series of boron-containing copolymers have been synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate and isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester with different feeding ratios(S_(n)-r-B_(m),n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5,9).The resulting copolymers of S_(n)-r-B_(m)(n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5)are readily dispersed in the PAO-10 base oil and form micelle-like aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 9.7 to 52 nm.SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating tribological tests on ball-on-flat steel pairs show that compared with the base oil of PAO-10,the friction coefficients and wear volumes of the base oil solutions of S_(n)-r-B_(m)decrease considerably up to 62%and 97%,respectively.Moreover,the base oil solution of S_(1)-r-B_(1)exhibits an excellent load-bearing capacity of(850±100)N.These superior lubricating properties are due to the formation of protective tribofilms comprising S_(n)-r-B_(m),boron oxide,and iron oxide compounds on the lubricated steel surface.Therefore,the boron-containing copolymers can be regarded as a novel class of environmentally friendly lubricating oil macroadditives for efficient friction and wear reduction without sulfur and phosphorus elements.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52475216)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0206300)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2024RS-CXTD-62)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU)(No.2022-QZ04)
文摘Lubricating greases are widely used in mechanical engineering,especially in rolling bearing.Carbon-based materials show promise as lubricant additive for formulating high-performance grease.However,the enhancement of lubrication performance of carbon-based materials limits by the simple lubricating mechanism.This work demonstrates that nanocomposite of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived carbon as a grease additive can improve the tribological properties of bentone grease.HKUST-1 was synthesized by a solvent method and converted into HKUST-1 derived carbon(HDC) via one-step pyrolysis sacrifice template method.After pyrolysis of HKUST-1 at 350℃,Cu_(2+)was reduced to zero-valence copper.With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 950℃,both the particle size of copper in HDC and the degree of graphite defect increased gradually.Types of HDCs as base grease additives significantly improved friction-reduction and anti-wear performance of bentone grease.Compared with the base grease,HDC-950 ℃ with the amount of 2 wt% addition reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss by 35.5% and 97.0%,respectively.The superior tribological performance of the HDC-950℃is attributed to the synergistic effect of carbon and copper nanoparticles to induce tribochemical reaction,which form a stable protective film on the friction surfaces.This study highlights the potential of MOFs-derived carbon for developing high-performance grease additives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001015)the Urban Carbon Neutral Science Innovation Foundation of Beijing University of Technology,China(No.053000514124601)the Science and Technology Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM201810005007).
文摘The addition of complexing agents to the electrolyte has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the discharge performance of magnesium-air batteries.In this work,four complexing agents:citric acid(CIT),salicylic acid(SAL),2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,6-DHB),and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid(5-sulfoSAL)were selected as potential candidates.Through electrochemical tests,full-cell discharge experiments,and physicochemical characterization,the impact of these complexing agents on the discharge performance of magnesium-air batteries using AZ31 alloy as the anode material was investigated.The results demonstrated that the four complexing agents increased the discharge voltage of the batteries.Notably,SAL could significantly improve the anodic efficiency and the discharge specific capacity,achieving an anodic efficiency of 60.3%and a specific capacity of 1358.3 mA·h/g at a discharge current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).
基金the financial support from the Foshan Talents Special Foundation(BKBS202003).
文摘Unstable Zn interface caused by rampant dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions always hinders the practical application of aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs),Herein,tyrosine(Tyr)with high molecular polarity was introduced into aqueous electrolyte to modulate the interfacial electrochemistry of Zn anode.In AZMBs,the positively charged side of Tyr can be well adsorbed on the surface of Zn anode to form a water-poor layer,and the exposed carboxylate side can be easily coordinated with Zn^(2+),favoring inducing uniform plating of Zn^(2+)and inhibiting the occurrence of water-induced side reactions.These in turn enable the achievement of highly stable Zn anode.Accordingly,the Zn anodes achieve outstanding cyclic stability(3000 h at 2 mA cm^(-2),2 mA h cm^(-2)and 1300 h at 5 mA cm^(-2),5 mA h cm^(-2)),high average Coulombic efficiency(99.4%over 3200 cycles),and high depth of discharge(80%for 500 h).Besides,the assembled Zn‖NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O full cells deliver remarkable capacity retention and ultra-long lifetime(61.8%over 6650 cycles at 5 A g^(-1))and enhanced rate capability(169 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).The work may promote the design and deep understanding of electrolyte additives with high molecular polarity for high-performance AZMBs.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(62474142)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024YQ070)。
文摘Organic additives with multiple functional groups have shown great promise in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.The functional groups can passivate undercoordinated ions to reduce nonradiative recombination losses.However,how these groups synergistically affect the enhancement beyond passivation is still unclear.Specifically,isomeric molecules with different substitution patterns or molecular shapes remain elusive in designing new organic additives.Here,we report two isomeric carbazolyl bisphosphonate additives,2,7-Cz BP and 3,6-Cz BP.The isomerism effect on passivation and charge transport process was studied.The two molecules have similar passivation effects through multiple interactions,e.g.,P=O···Pb,P=O···H–N and N–H···I.2,7-CzBP can further bridge the perovskite crystallites to facilitates charge transport.Power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 25.88%and 21.04%were achieved for 0.09 cm^(2)devices and 14 cm^(2)modules after 2,7-Cz BP treatment,respectively.The devices exhibited enhanced operational stability maintaining 95%of initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous maximum power point tracking.This study of isomerism effect hints at the importance of tuning substitution positions and molecular shapes for organic additives,which paves the way for innovation of next-generation multifunctional aromatic additives.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4200500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,22379101 and 22422904)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2024NSFSC0001 and 2025ZNSFSC0960).
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics,yet traditional bulk heterojunction(BHJ)devices face inherent limitations in morphology control and phase separation.Layer‐by‐layer(LbL)processing with a p–i–n configuration offers an innovative solution by enabling precise control over donor–acceptor distribution and interfacial characteristics.Here,we systematically investigate nine halogen‐functionalized additives across three categories—methyl halides,thiophene halides,and benzene halides—for optimizing LbL device performance.These additives,distinguished by their diverse thermal properties and solid–liquid transformation capabilities below 100°C,are functionalized as both nucleation centers and morphology‐modulating plasticizers during thermal treatment.Among them,2‐bromo‐5‐iodothiophene(BIT)demonstrates superior performance through synergistic effects of its bromine–iodine combination and thiophene core in mediating donor–acceptor interactions.LbL devices processed with BIT achieve exceptional metrics in the PM6/L8‐BO system,including a open‐circuit voltage of 0.916 V,a short‐circuit current density of 27.12 mA cm−2,and an fill factor of 80.97%,resulting in an impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.12%.This study establishes a molecular design strategy for halogen‐functionalized additives that simultaneously optimizes both donor and acceptor layers while maintaining processing simplicity for potential industrial applications.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(LP220100036)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB2502104 and 2022YFA1602700)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology of China(BE2022332)the Jiangsu Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund(BE2022605)the Australian Research Council for his Discovery Early Career Researcher Award fellowship(DE230101105)the China Scholarship Council(CSC,grant no.202306190185)for funding a scholarship。
文摘Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Znion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits.However,the impact of cationic and anionic moieties within zwitterions on enhancing the performance of AZIBs remains poorly understood.Herein,three zwitterions,namely carboxybetaine methacrylate(CBMA),sulfobetaine methacrylate(SBMA),and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC),were selected as additives to investigate their different action mechanisms in AZIBs.All three zwitterions have the same quaternary ammonium as the positively charged group,but having different negatively charged segments,i.e.,carboxylate,sulfonate,and phosphate for CBMA,SBMA,and MPC,respectively.By systematical electrochemical analysis,these zwitterions all contribute to enhanced cycling life of Zn anode,with MPC having the most pronounced effect,which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of positively quaternary ammonium group and unique negatively phosphate groups.As a result,the Zn//Zn cell with MPC as additive in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte exhibits an ultralong lifespan over 5000 h.This work proposes new insights to the future development of multifunctional zwitterionic additives for remarkably stable AZIBs.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62275057)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2023GXNSFFA026004)+2 种基金the Guangxi Talent Program("Highland of Innovation Talents")the Shenzhen High-tech Development Special Plan-Pingshan Districts Innovation Platform Project(29853M-KCJ-2023-002-04)Industry and Energy(MOTIE),Republic of Korea(Project No.:RS-2025-02413058)。
文摘The performance of organic solar cells is significantly influenced by the acceptor molecular packing properties within the active layers,which is essential for optimizing charge dynamics and photovoltaic performance.However,achieving precise control over this packaging structure presents a considerable challenge.Herein,we propose a dual additive strategy utilizing dibenzofuran and halogenated naphthalene to systematically manipulate molecular packing orientation and enhance the long-range molecular packing order of the acceptors.Dibenzofuran is crucial in promoting crystallinity within the material,facilitating the formation of an ordered structure,while halogenated naphthalene regulates the orientation of the molecules,ensuring proper alignment.Specifically,the combination of dibenzofuran and 1-chloronaphthalene promotes edge-on molecular packing and enhances the formation of nanofibrillar structures with improved order,leading to improved charge transport and device performance.Implementing this strategy in devices composed of PM6 and L8-BO has yielded a power conversion efficiency of 19.58%,accompanied by long-term stability.Similarly,1-fluoronaphthalene has also demonstrated effectiveness in improving molecular orientation and overall device efficiency,demonstrating the robustness of this dual additive strategy.By addressing the challenges associated with molecular packing and orientation in active layers,our result contributes valuable insights into optimizing organic solar cells for practical applications.
基金Huaiyu Shao acknowledges the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Plan Project(Category C)(Grant No.SGDX20220530111004028)the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)for funding(FDCT No.0013/2024/RIB1,FDCT-MOST joint project No.0026/2022/AMJ and No.006/2022/ALC of the Macao Centre for Research and Development in Advanced Materials[2022–2024])+2 种基金the Multi-Year Research Grant(MYRG)from University of Macao(project No.MYRG-GRG2023-00140-IAPME-UMDF and No.MYRG-GRG2024-00206-IAPME)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023A1515010765)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2023A0505030001)。
文摘Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-lithiation additives is a challenging research hotspot.Herein,interfacial engineered multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/LiF micro/nanoparticles are proposed as anode pre-lithiation additives,successfully constructed with the hybrid interface on the surface of Li_(13)Si_(4)through PFPE-induced nucleophilic substitution.The synthesized multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF realizes the integration of active Li compensation,long-term chemical structural stability in air,and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)optimization.In particular,the Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF with a high pre-lithiation capacity(1102.4 mAh g^(-1))is employed in the pre-lithiation Si-based anode,which exhibits a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 102.6%.Additionally,in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman,density functional theory calculation,and finite element analysis jointly illustrate that PFPE-predominant hybrid interface with modulated abundant highly electronegative F atoms distribution reduces the water adsorption energy and oxidation kinetics of Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,which delivers a high pre-lithiation capacity retention of 84.39%after exposure to extremely moist air(60%relative humidity).Intriguingly,a LiF-rich mechanically stable bilayer SEI is constructed on anodes through a pre-lithiation-driven regulation for the behavior of electrolyte decomposition.Benefitting from pre-lithiation via multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,the full cell and pouch cell assembled with pre-lithiated anodes operate with long-time stability of 86.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles and superior energy density of 549.9 Wh kg^(-1),respectively.The universal multifunctional pre-lithiation additives provide enlightenment on promoting large-scale applications of pre-lithiation on commercial high-energy-density and long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project(No.202202AG050003)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Nos.202101BE070001-018 and 202201AT070070)+1 种基金the National Youth Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province China(No.YNQR-QNRC-2020-011)Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)。
文摘Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21804008,52102209)the International Technological Collaboration Project of Shanghai(Grant No.17520710300).
文摘The electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)can be prominently enhanced by minimizing the detrimental degradation of solid electrolytes through their undesirable side reactions with the conductive carbon additives(CCAs)inside the composite cathodes.Herein,the well-defined Mo_(3)Ni_(3)N nanosheets embedded onto the N-doped porous carbons(NPCs)substrate are successfully synthesized(Mo-Ni@NPCs)as CCAs inside LiCoO_(2)for Li_(6)PSC_5)Cl(LPSCl)-based ASSLBs.This nano-composite not only makes it difficult for hydroxide groups(-OH)to survive on the surface but also allows the in situ surface reconstruction to generate the ultra-stable MoS_(2)-Mo_(3)Ni_(3)N heterostructures after the initial cycling stage.These can effectively prevent the occurrence of OH-induced LPSC decomposition reaction from producing harmful insulating sulfates,as well as simultaneously constructing the highly-efficient electrons/ions dual-migration pathways at the cathode interfaces to facilitate the improvement of both electrons and Li+ions conductivities in ASSLBs.With this approach,fine-tuned Mo-Ni@NPCs can deliver extremely outstanding performance,including an ultra-high first discharge-specific capacity of 148.61 mAh g^(-1)(0.1C),a high Coulombic efficiency(94.01%),and a capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles still attain as high as 90.62%.This work provides a brand-new approach of“conversionprotection”strategy to overcome the drawbacks of composite cathodes interfaces instability and further promotes the commercialization of ASSLBs.
基金supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA,No.DE180101478)of the Australian Research Council and National Natural Science Foundation of China(Youth Program,No.52204378).
文摘Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),which have significant advantages over other batteries,including low cost,high safety,high ionic conductivity,and a natural abundance of zinc,have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).ZIBs still face some critical challenges,however,especially for building a reversible zinc anode.To address the reversibility of zinc anode,great efforts have been made on intrinsic anode engineering and anode interface modification.Less attention has been devoted to the electrolyte additives,however,which could not only significantly improve the reversibility of zinc anode,but also determine the viability and overall performance of ZIBs.This review aims to provide an overview of the two main functions of electrolyte additives,followed by details on six reasons why additives might improve the performance of ZIBs from the perspectives of creating new layers and regulating current plating/stripping processes.Furthermore,the remaining difficulties and potential directions for additives in aqueous ZIBs are also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52432007 and 52422212)。
文摘Crystallographic engineering of Zn anodes to favor the exposure of(002)planes is an effective approach for improving stability in aqueous electrolytes.However,achieving non-epitaxial electrodeposition with a pronounced(002)texture and maintaining this orientation during extended cycling remains challenging.This study questions the prevailing notion that a single(002)-textured Zn anode inherently ensures superior stability,showing that such anodes cannot sustain their texture in ZnSO_(4)electrolytes.We then introduced a novel electrolyte additive,benzyltriethylammonium chloride(TEBAC),which preserves the(002)texture over prolonged cycling.Furthermore,we successfully converted commercial Zn foils into highly crystalline(002)-textured Zn without any pretreatment.Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the cationic TEBA^(+)selectively adsorbs onto the anode surface,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)plane and suppressing dendrite formation.A critical discovery was the pitting corrosion caused by chloride ions from TEBAC,which we mitigated by anion substitution.This modification leads to a remarkable lifespan of 375 days for the Zn||Zn symmetric cells at 1 m A cm^(-2)and 1 m Ah cm^(-2).Furthermore,a TEBA^(+)-modified Zn||VO_(2)full cell demonstrates high specific capacity and robust cycle stability at 10.0 Ag^(-1).These results provide valuable insights and strategies for developing long-life Zn ion batteries.
文摘The textile industry has long relied on various additives to enhance the properties of fabrics,making them more durable,resistant to stains,and even antimicrobial.These additives include dyes,coatings,flame retardants,and water-repellent finishes.While they offer significant functional benefits,they pose a serious challenge when it comes to recycling textiles.Since many of these additives are chemically bonded to fibres,they make the separation and recovery of pure materials incredibly difficult.
基金the support of the Deputyship for Research and Innovation-Ministry of Education,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,for this research through a grant(NU/IFC/INT/01/002)under the Institutional Funding Committee at Najran University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabiathe support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Brain Pool program(2021H1D3A2A02039346)。
文摘Lithium/Sodium-ion batteries(LIB/SIB)have attracted enormous attention as a promising electrochemical energy storage system due to their high energy density and long cycle life.One of the major hurdles is the initial irreversible capacity loss during the first few cycles owing to forming the solid electrolyte interphase layer(SEI).This process consumes a profusion of lithium/sodium,which reduces the overall energy density and cycle life.Thus,a suitable approach to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss must be developed to improve the energy density and cycle life.Pre-lithiation/sodiation is a widely accepted process to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles.Various strategies such as physical,chemical,and electrochemical pre-lithiation/sodiation have been explored;however,these approaches add an extra step to the current manufacturing process.Alternative to these strategies,pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have attracted enormous attention due to their easy adaptability and compatibility with the current battery manufacturing process.In this review,we consolidate recent developments and emphasize the importance of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives(anode and cathode)to overcome the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles in lithium/sodium-ion batteries.This review also addresses the technical and scientific challenges of using pre-lithiation/sodiation additives and offers the insights to boost the energy density and cycle life with their possible commercial exploration.The most important prerequisites for designing effective pre-lithiation/sodiation additives have been explored and the future directions have been discussed.
基金Project (20070420772) supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject (7010404) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China
文摘Ce（SO4）2？H2O2 solution was adopted to prepare a chemical conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy.Additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate were applied to improving the coating formation.SEM,EDS,XRD and GIXD were adopted to study the coating morphology,structure and composition,and the potential change curve in the treating solution was recorded to study the coating growth.Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate makes a remarkable improvement in the coating compactness,and shortens the time in the second stage of the coating formation from 5 min to 2 min.Compared to Ni（NO3）2,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate makes the more remarkable effect on the corrosion resistance improvement,since it can decrease the current density of corrosion from 7.41×10-5 A/cm2 to 2.20×10-5 A/cm2.The additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate can enhance the Ce content from 18.92% to 22.32% and 25.08% in the coating,respectively.The XRD and GIXD results indicated that all the conversion coating formed in different solutions exhibit amorphous structure.
基金Project(50925417) supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young ScientistsProject(50830301) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Projects(2010AA065203,2011AA061001) supported by the National High-tech Research Program of ChinaProject(NCET-10-0840) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China
文摘A novel process for sulfidation of ZnO by co-grinding with sulfur and reductive additives （P, Fe, A1, and Mg） was developed. The sulfidation extent of ZnO with the addition of P, Fe, A1 or Mg can reach 85.2%, 81.6%, 96.7% and 92.6% after grinding for 4, 6, 1 and 1 h, respectively. Based on the chemical phase composition analysis and morphological characteristics of sulfidized products by XRD, SEM and TEM, a possible reaction mechanism, mechanically induced self-propagating reaction （MSR）, was proposed to explain the sulfidization reaction. In addition, the floatability of sulfidized products was investigated for the recovery of metal sulfide and ZnS can be concentrated with a high concentration ratio and concentrate grade. By using the sulfidizing process, it is expected that the recovery of zinc from the wastes or purification of heavy-metal-containing hazardous residues is technically feasible.
基金Project(50802052)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The core-shell structure silicon-resin precursor powders were synthesized through coat-mix process and addition of Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 composite additives.A series of porous silicon carbide ceramics were produced after molding,carbonization and sintering.The phase,morphology,porosity,thermal conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,and thermal shock resistance were analyzed.The results show that porous silicon carbide ceramics can be produced at low temperature.The grain size of porous silicon carbide ceramic is small,and the thermal conductivity is enhanced significantly.Composite additives also improve the thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics.The bending strength loss rate after 30 times of thermal shock test of the porous ceramics which were added Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 and sintered at 1 650 ℃ is only 6.5%.Moreover,the pore inside of the sample is smooth,and the pore size distribution is uniform.Composite additives make little effect on the thermal expansion coefficient of the porous silicon carbide ceramics.
文摘Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL‐ODH)is a promising novel method to convert ethane into higher value‐added ethylene.In this study,perovskite‐type Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) was prepared by the one‐step citric acid‐gel method and applied as an oxygen carrier in the CL‐ODH process of ethane to ethylene;moreover,the effects of CuO,ZnO,and MgO as additives were investigated.The properties of the oxygen carriers were characterized using XRD,BET,XPS,H_(2)‐TPR,O_(2)‐TPD,and EPR.Characterization results showed that the addition of additives into Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) increased the amounts of surface chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen.Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) had a strong ability to absorb and release oxygen after adding CuO,ZnO,and MgO,respectively.The performances of the oxygen carriers for CL‐ODH of ethane to ethylene were studied at a reaction temperature of 650℃,atmospheric pressure,and GHSV of 15,000 mL/g·h in eight redox cycles.All the oxygen carriers had 100%ethane conversion,and ZnO‐Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) exhibited the best ethylene selectivity of more than 70%in all the oxygen carriers.It was confirmed that lattice oxygen was mainly responsible for the selectivity of ethylene,and oxygen vacancies were conducive to the migration of lattice oxygen.Most of Zn^(2+) entered into the bulk phase of Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3),and formed lots of oxygen vacancies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22125901)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705900)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00005)the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(202303014)。
文摘The fine control of active blend morphologies is crucial to achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,by introducing structurally simple,non-halogenated volatile solid additives,we have demonstrated that the polar 2-naphthonitrile(2-CAN)additives help modulate the kinetics of blend morphological evolution during film drying.It is revealed that 2-CAN favorably interacted with acceptor moieties,and the transition from presence to absence of additives triggered the arrangement and aggregation of acceptors,hence yielding the ordered molecular stacks in the bulk heterojunction(BHJ)blends.Optimal blend morphologies with fibril networks were established to improve the excitonic and charge dynamics of active blends,enabling PM6:L8-BO binary OSCs with the promising efficiency of 19.08%(with 2-CAN),which outperformed that of devices with non-polar naphthalene(NA)additives(18.18%)or without additive treatments(17.43%).Meanwhile,non-halogenated 2-CAN exhibited excellent processing features of reproducibility and versatility toward different active blends for fabricating efficient devices.Such 2-CAN-assisted devices with robust transport layers allowed maintaining decent thermal stabilities under continuous 85℃ of thermal annealing.Overall,this work provides an effective strategy on tuning blend morphologies for efficient organic photovoltaics.
