Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health an...Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.展开更多
Background: From the two facts reported by previous research: 1) frequent co-occurrence of more than one addictive behavior, 2) childhood adversities identified as origins of different types of addictive behaviors, it...Background: From the two facts reported by previous research: 1) frequent co-occurrence of more than one addictive behavior, 2) childhood adversities identified as origins of different types of addictive behaviors, it is assumed that all types of addictive behaviors, regardless of substance, behavioral, or relationship, share common factors which have not yet been proven by epidemiological research. The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (SPQ) was previously developed to assess 16 types of addictive behaviors. Its factor structure, however, has not been fully investigated. Confirming the factor structure will enable us to hypothesize the common factor(s) shared by all, or if not all, most types of addictive behaviors. Aims: This study aimed at 1) examining the factor structure of the SPQ, 2) confirming the reliability of the questionnaire, and 3) examining the impacts of gender and age on each addictive behavior. Methods: Data obtained from 232 Japanese adults who completed all items of the SPQ were used for the analyses. After confirming the one-factor structure model for each of the 16 subscales, the validity of the one-factor structure of the SPQ was evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), by adapting 16 subscale scores as observed variables. If its validity was not confirmed, another model which showed better compatibility to the data was explored. The reliability of the SPQ as well as that of all 16 subscales was evaluated. Also, the impacts of gender and age on each subscale score were examined. Results: The one-factor structure for each of the 16 subscales was confirmed. The compatibility of the SPQ one-factor model was not acceptable. The best fit model was a bi-factor model in which one main factor was shared by all 16 subscales, and three factors were shared by some specific addictive behaviors. Male respondents were more likely than female respondents to show high scores in Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling, Sex, and Recreational Drugs, and low scores only in Shopping. Respondents’ age did not impact any of the 16 subscale scores. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that there are common factors shared by all different types, as well as selected types of addictive behaviors, by conducting CFAs of the SPQ. Reliability was proven for the SPQ and for all 16 subscales. Male respondents were more likely to show physically hedonic addictive behaviors.展开更多
This study is a contribution to basic research on narcissism shown on addic<span>tive behavior. A new biosystematic model of narcissism underlying addictive </span><span>behavior is outlined. Basical...This study is a contribution to basic research on narcissism shown on addic<span>tive behavior. A new biosystematic model of narcissism underlying addictive </span><span>behavior is outlined. Basically, normal narcissism is defined as the</span> self-reference of living systems maintaining their circular organization and identity. The communication between narcissistic systems follows the narcissistic logic of fitting or non-fitting of structures (a third possibility is excluded) shown on geometric diagrams. From this model of narcissistic interactions with the environment, addictive behavior is deduced. If the narcissistic desire for the ideal objects cannot be satisfied in the environment, the narcissist attempts to cope with this lack of intended objects by abuse of addictive substances. This leads to an overexpression of receptors in pertinent brain areas that may underly craving on the behavioral level, interpreted as pseudo satisfaction of narcissistic desires</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">—<span>destiny becomes an addiction. In conclusion, the significance of the biosystematic model of narcissism for the understanding of addictive communication and the psychopathology of depression is briefly discussed.展开更多
This review critically examines gaming addiction within the contexts of media psychology and addiction theory.It outlines a continuum of gaming behavior,from casual play to addiction,characterized by loss of control,p...This review critically examines gaming addiction within the contexts of media psychology and addiction theory.It outlines a continuum of gaming behavior,from casual play to addiction,characterized by loss of control,prioritizing gaming over other activities,and negative life consequences.The inclusion of gaming disorder in International Classification of Disease 11 and its provisional status in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 5 highlight growing clinical and societal recognition.The review explores neural correlates of gaming addiction,such as activation in reward-related brain regions,drawing parallels with substance addiction.It highlights how media and marketing promote gaming behaviors potentially leading to addiction,raising ethical concerns about game design and advertising.The review systematically analyzes the negative physical,mental,social,and occupational impacts of gaming addiction.It advocates for a balanced approach emphasizing awareness,therapeutic interventions,and responsible media practices,while also proposing areas for future research and policy development to mitigate the risks of excessive gaming.展开更多
Drug addiction is a complex brain disease closely related to the expression and methylation of many genes.Differential genes can influence addiction,and some key differential genes may have a significant impact on the...Drug addiction is a complex brain disease closely related to the expression and methylation of many genes.Differential genes can influence addiction,and some key differential genes may have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of addiction.Nowadays,data on addictive drugs is widely available.To our knowledge,there are very few databases on genes related to addictive drugs,and existing addiction related databases are not available.展开更多
In December 2025,Australia became the first country to ban social media for people under 16,sparking a worldwide debate on how to protect teens online without undue interference.While the goal of keeping young people ...In December 2025,Australia became the first country to ban social media for people under 16,sparking a worldwide debate on how to protect teens online without undue interference.While the goal of keeping young people away from harmful content and addictive algorithms is wise,a total ban may be counterproductive.A better approach is to combine regulation,education and parental guidance.展开更多
Background Peer victimization has been recognized as a common social problem affecting children and adolescents in all parts of the world. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of peer victimiza...Background Peer victimization has been recognized as a common social problem affecting children and adolescents in all parts of the world. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of peer victimization and to evaluate the associations between peer victimization and health correlates. Methods Using a large population sample of 18,341 adolescents aged 15–17 years from 6 cities in China, this study esti-mated the prevalence of different types of peer victimization, addictive behaviors, and health-related variables with self-administrated questionnaires. A three-phase logistical regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between peer victimization and addictive behaviors as well as health-related factors among adolescents. Results A total of 42.9% of the surveyed Chinese adolescents have been bullied by peers, with boys reporting higher rate on overt victimization (36.9%) and girls on relational forms (33.9%). School environment (34.7%) was the most frequent scene of peer violence, followed by neighborhood, family, and internet. Addictive behaviors except substance abuse were found related to higher possibility of peer victimization (aOR 1.21–1.73, P<0.001). Peer victimization was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide ideation and deliberate self-harm (aOR 1.05–2.27, P<0.001), and poorer self-esteem and health-related quality of life (aOR 0.95–0.97, P<0.001). Conclusion Possible explanations of the associations found in this study are discussed and implications for future services are raised.展开更多
Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a s...Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.展开更多
This study examined the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction(MPA),and the mediating roles of social anxiety and self presentation in that relationship.The sample comprised 559 students(male=250,f...This study examined the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction(MPA),and the mediating roles of social anxiety and self presentation in that relationship.The sample comprised 559 students(male=250,female=309,mean age=20.78 years,SD=1.13 years).Based on bias-corrected bootstrap method,our indicate loneliness to be associated with MPA of college students.Additionally,social anxiety and self-presentation,respectively,partially mediated the association between loneliness and college students’MPA.Specifically,as loneliness increased,both social anxiety and self-presentation rose,thereby increasing MPA.Social anxiety and self-presentation also sequentially mediated the relationship between loneliness and MPA among college students,such that greater loneliness heightened social anxiety,which subsequently enhanced self-presentation,ultimately resulting in increased MPA.These findings are consistent with Compensatory Internet Use Theory(CIUT).This study findings suggest for college students counselling and development services should alleviate loneliness and social anxiety through group activities,Cognitive-behavioral Therapy(CBT),and social skills training to foster belonging and reduce students’reliance on mobile phones.展开更多
This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;...This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;28 met inclusion criteria(excluding non-adolescents,generic internet addiction,non-empirical work,or non-English).Thematic synthesis organized findings into three external risk domains—family,school,and peers—considering cultural/contextual mechanisms.Family dynamics(parental phubbing,harsh parenting,dysfunction),school stressors,and adverse peer relationships were identified as accumulating,direct and indirect contributors to smartphone addiction.These operate within a techno-ecological framework,where digital technologies amplify vulnerabilities and create new pathways for maladaptive use.Evidence favors an ecological,multi-level perspective.Future research should use longitudinal designs,standardize measures across cultures,and examine understudied regions—especially Africa—to guide culturally sensitive interventions.展开更多
Background:In the Chinese context,the impact of short video applications on the psychological well-being of older adults is contested.While often examined through a pathological lens of addiction,this perspective may ...Background:In the Chinese context,the impact of short video applications on the psychological well-being of older adults is contested.While often examined through a pathological lens of addiction,this perspective may overlook paradoxical,context-dependent positive outcomes.Therefore,the main objective of this study is to challenge the traditional Compensatory Internet Use Theory by proposing and testing a chained mediation model that explores a paradoxical pathway from social support to life satisfaction via problematic social media use.Methods:Data were collected between July and August 2025 via the Credamo online survey platform,yielding 384 valid responses from Chinese older adults aged 60 and above.Key constructs were assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS),Simplified UCLA Loneliness Scale,and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS).A chained mediation model was tested using stepwise regression and non-parametric bootstrapping(5000 resamples),controlling for age,gender,household income,and health status.Results:The analysis revealed a paradoxical pathway,which was clarified by a key statistical suppression effect.Social support significantly and positively predicted problematic usage(β=0.157,p=0.002).After controlling for the suppressor effect of social support,problematic usage in turn negatively predicted social connectedness(β=−0.177,p<0.001).Finally,reduced social connectedness—reflecting a state of solitude—positively predicted life satisfaction(β=−0.227,p<0.001).Conclusion:The findings suggest that for older adults with sufficient offline social support,these resources may serve a“social empowerment”function.This empowerment allows behaviors measured as“problematic usage”to be theoretically reframed as a form of“deep immersive entertainment”.This immersion appears to occur alongside a state of“high-quality solitude”,which ultimately is associated with higher life satisfaction.This study provides a novel,non-pathological theoretical perspective on the consequences of high engagement with emerging social media,offering empirical grounds for non-abstinence-based intervention strategies.展开更多
Objective: To study surgical management for pati ents with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods: Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneury sm resulting from addictive dr...Objective: To study surgical management for pati ents with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods: Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneury sm resulting from addictive drug injection were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients underwent bypass graft (end to side) of external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery using expanded polytetr afluoroethylene (ePTFE). Three patients who had an autogenous saphenous vein gra ft in situs,one of whom was then performed an ePTFE graft when rupture and blee ding occurred at the anastomotic site. Color Doppler image showed patent grafted blood vessels in all the patients after operation. Eighteen patients had their femoral arteries ligated. Limbs of all the 34 patients were saved. Conclusions: Ligating femoral artery is an effective way to tre at femoral artery pseudoaneurysm if autogenous saphenous vein graft or artificia l vessel graft is not applicable.展开更多
THE BUSINESS OF EMOTION Neweekly 1 August From lucky charms promising safety to addictive blind boxes,from milk tea-fuelled social frenzies to concert tickets fetching 10 times their original price,a new wave of consu...THE BUSINESS OF EMOTION Neweekly 1 August From lucky charms promising safety to addictive blind boxes,from milk tea-fuelled social frenzies to concert tickets fetching 10 times their original price,a new wave of consumption is reshaping our daily lives.At the heart of this trend is the“emotion economy,”a rapidly expanding industry that turns feelings into marketable goods.展开更多
Objectives:Problematic use of the internet(PUI)has been increasingly associated with various mental health issues,highlighting the need for accurate assessment tools.The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-us...Objectives:Problematic use of the internet(PUI)has been increasingly associated with various mental health issues,highlighting the need for accurate assessment tools.The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorder(ACSID-11)is a validated psychometric instrument designed to measure distinct forms of PUI across multiple online activities.However,its applicability and validity have not yet been established within the Indonesian context.Therefore,this study aimed to translate and validate the ACSID-11 for use among Indonesian populations.Methods:The translation procedure of the ACSID-11 involved forward translation,back translation,and expert panel discussions.This research involved 600 undergraduate and post-graduate students from universities in Indonesia(mean[SD]age=21.60[2.74]years;409[68%]females).Cronbach’s Alpha(α)and McDonald’s Omega(ω)were used to measure the internal consistency of the ACSID-11.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was used in testing the construct validity of the ACSID-11.Results:The ACSID-11 demonstrated validity and reliability in assessing different types of PUI in the present Indonesian sample(α=0.67–0.96;ω=0.68–0.96).The CFA results supported a four-factor structure for the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing specific forms of PUI among Indonesian students.Future research and clinical applications are encouraged to utilize the ACSID-11 for early identification,intervention,and prevention strategies targeting PUI within this population.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe dengue children with critical complications have been attributed to high mortality rates,varying from approximately 1%to over 20%.To date,there is a lack of data on machine-learning-based algorithms ...BACKGROUND Severe dengue children with critical complications have been attributed to high mortality rates,varying from approximately 1%to over 20%.To date,there is a lack of data on machine-learning-based algorithms for predicting the risk of inhospital mortality in children with dengue shock syndrome(DSS).AIM To develop machine-learning models to estimate the risk of death in hospitalized children with DSS.METHODS This single-center retrospective study was conducted at tertiary Children’s Hospital No.2 in Viet Nam,between 2013 and 2022.The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate in children with DSS admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Nine significant features were predetermined for further analysis using machine learning models.An oversampling method was used to enhance the model performance.Supervised models,including logistic regression,Naïve Bayes,Random Forest(RF),K-nearest neighbors,Decision Tree and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),were employed to develop predictive models.The Shapley Additive Explanation was used to determine the degree of contribution of the features.RESULTS In total,1278 PICU-admitted children with complete data were included in the analysis.The median patient age was 8.1 years(interquartile range:5.4-10.7).Thirty-nine patients(3%)died.The RF and XGboost models demonstrated the highest performance.The Shapley Addictive Explanations model revealed that the most important predictive features included younger age,female patients,presence of underlying diseases,severe transaminitis,severe bleeding,low platelet counts requiring platelet transfusion,elevated levels of international normalized ratio,blood lactate and serum creatinine,large volume of resuscitation fluid and a high vasoactive inotropic score(>30).CONCLUSION We developed robust machine learning-based models to estimate the risk of death in hospitalized children with DSS.The study findings are applicable to the design of management schemes to enhance survival outcomes of patients with DSS.展开更多
The low accuracy of wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is one of the main factors limiting its development,and is detrimental to the mechanical properties of WAAM structures.This study primarily investigated the eff...The low accuracy of wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is one of the main factors limiting its development,and is detrimental to the mechanical properties of WAAM structures.This study primarily investigated the effects of wire-feeding directions and positions of the molten pool on the quality and accuracy of unsupported WAAM.First,the three-dimensional(3D)morphology and volume of unsupported rods manufactured with different wirefeeding directions were quantitatively evaluated using a 3D scanning method.The effects of the wire-feeding direction and arc length on the volume and standard deviation of the unsupported rods are then discussed in detail.Finally,the influence of the wire-feeding direction on the quality and accuracy of unsupported WAAM is discussed and revealed by combining the temperature gradients,surface tension,and contact angles.The research revealed that feeding a wire into the high-temperature zone of the molten pool could reduce material spatter and achieve higher precision.The volume of the sample fed into the high-temperature zone was 120%of that fed into the low-temperature zone.This reduced not only the material waste but also the standard deviation of the diameter of the same group of samples.This research is of great significance and value for high-quality unsupported WAAM.展开更多
Objectives:SocialNetworkAddiction(SNA)is becoming increasingly prevalent among college students;however,there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement tools and their optimal cutoff score.This study aims ...Objectives:SocialNetworkAddiction(SNA)is becoming increasingly prevalent among college students;however,there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement tools and their optimal cutoff score.This study aims to validate the 21-item SocialNetwork Addiction Scale-Chinese(SNAS-C)in its Chinese version and to determine its optimal cutoff score for identifying potential SNA cases within the college student population.Methods:A crosssectional survey was conducted,recruiting 3387 college students.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were employed to establish the optimal cutoff score for the validated 21-item SNAS-C.Results:Three profile models were selected based on multiple statistical criteria,classifying participants into low-risk,moderate-risk,and high-risk groups.The highest-risk group was defined as“positive”for SNA,while the remaining groups were considered“negative”,serving as the reference standard for ROC analysis.The optimal cutoff score was determined to be 72(sensitivity:98.2%,specificity:96.86%),with an overall classification accuracy of 97.0%.The“positive”group reported significantly higher frequency of social network usage,greater digitalmedia dependence scores,and a higher incidence of network addiction.Conclusion:This study identified the optimal cutoff score for the SNAS-C as≥72,demonstrating high sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy.This threshold effectively distinguishes between high-risk and low-risk SNA.展开更多
Abstract： In the presem study, we simultaneously quantified the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters （MANTs） and their metabolites （levodopa, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic...Abstract： In the presem study, we simultaneously quantified the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters （MANTs） and their metabolites （levodopa, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid） in different brain subregions of rats using a newly developed simple, sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection （HPLC-FLD） method. In this new HPLC-FLD method, analytes were directly extracted and separated without deriveatization step within 20 min. The FLD wavelength was set at 280 nm and 330 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. The analytes were separated on an Agilent Eclipse Plus Cls column （4.6 mm×150 mm, 5.0 μm） equipped with an Agilent XDB-C18 security guard column （4.6 mm×12.5 mm, 5.0 lam）, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The mobile phase for elution was isocratic. The mobile phase consisted of citric acid buffer （50 mmol/L citric acid, 50 mmol/L sodium acetate, 0.5 mmol/L octane sulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.5 mmol/L Na2EDTA and 5 mmol/L triethylamine, pH 3.8） and methanol （90：10, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection limit （DL） was 0.9-23 nM for all the MANTs and their metabolites with a sample volume of 50 μL. The method was shown to be highly reproducible in terms of peak area （intraday, 0.08%-1.85% RSD, n = 5）. The simultaneous measurement of these MANTs and their metabolites improved our understanding of the neurochemistry in the central nervous system （CNS） in relation to different addictive drugs （methamphetamine, heroin and their mixture） in drug-addicted rat models.展开更多
Objectives:The addiction of the student population to short-form video platforms such as TikTok(Douyin)is becoming increasingly apparent and is rapidly expanding.This emerging addiction is also believed to have negati...Objectives:The addiction of the student population to short-form video platforms such as TikTok(Douyin)is becoming increasingly apparent and is rapidly expanding.This emerging addiction is also believed to have negative impacts on students’academic,social,and emotional well-being.Consequently,video addiction has become an important public health issue on campuses around the world.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the relationship between two types of TikTok addiction(video and live streaming)and social and emotional learning(SEL),including self-awareness,self-management,social awareness,relationship skills,and responsible decision-making.Methods:Previous research has indicated that some students at vocational colleges become addicted to short-form videos.Accordingly,this study employed a snowball sampling method to survey students at vocational institutions across China.A total of 563 valid responses were obtained,yielding an effective response rate of 84.66%.The mean age of participants was 20.20 years old(SD=1.36).Data were validated with structural equation modeling.Results:Results showed that both video content addiction and live-streaming content addiction negatively correlatedwith all five dimensions of SEL.This also represents that all 10 hypotheses are valid and significant at p<0.001.Theeffect sizes ranged from 0.48 to 0.54,which represents larger effect sizes.Notably,TikTok addiction showed the strongest explanatory power for self-awareness.This indicates that higher levels of addiction to either video or live-streaming content are associatedwith poorer performance across all facets of social and emotional learning,including self-awareness,emotion regulation,interpersonal relationships,sense of responsibility,and empathy.Conclusion:This study found that TikTok addicts entered a state of ego depletion due to impaired self-regulation.This depletion then caused their subsequent self-control efforts during learning to fail.Our results also support the ego depletion theory,which posits that engaging in self-regulatory behaviors consumes limited self-control resources and can trigger a range of complex cognitive,emotional,and behavioral problems.This result also draws attention to the negative consequences of excessive use of short videos for social awareness and emotional performance.展开更多
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(GrantNo.24CTJ019).
文摘Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.
文摘Background: From the two facts reported by previous research: 1) frequent co-occurrence of more than one addictive behavior, 2) childhood adversities identified as origins of different types of addictive behaviors, it is assumed that all types of addictive behaviors, regardless of substance, behavioral, or relationship, share common factors which have not yet been proven by epidemiological research. The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (SPQ) was previously developed to assess 16 types of addictive behaviors. Its factor structure, however, has not been fully investigated. Confirming the factor structure will enable us to hypothesize the common factor(s) shared by all, or if not all, most types of addictive behaviors. Aims: This study aimed at 1) examining the factor structure of the SPQ, 2) confirming the reliability of the questionnaire, and 3) examining the impacts of gender and age on each addictive behavior. Methods: Data obtained from 232 Japanese adults who completed all items of the SPQ were used for the analyses. After confirming the one-factor structure model for each of the 16 subscales, the validity of the one-factor structure of the SPQ was evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), by adapting 16 subscale scores as observed variables. If its validity was not confirmed, another model which showed better compatibility to the data was explored. The reliability of the SPQ as well as that of all 16 subscales was evaluated. Also, the impacts of gender and age on each subscale score were examined. Results: The one-factor structure for each of the 16 subscales was confirmed. The compatibility of the SPQ one-factor model was not acceptable. The best fit model was a bi-factor model in which one main factor was shared by all 16 subscales, and three factors were shared by some specific addictive behaviors. Male respondents were more likely than female respondents to show high scores in Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling, Sex, and Recreational Drugs, and low scores only in Shopping. Respondents’ age did not impact any of the 16 subscale scores. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that there are common factors shared by all different types, as well as selected types of addictive behaviors, by conducting CFAs of the SPQ. Reliability was proven for the SPQ and for all 16 subscales. Male respondents were more likely to show physically hedonic addictive behaviors.
文摘This study is a contribution to basic research on narcissism shown on addic<span>tive behavior. A new biosystematic model of narcissism underlying addictive </span><span>behavior is outlined. Basically, normal narcissism is defined as the</span> self-reference of living systems maintaining their circular organization and identity. The communication between narcissistic systems follows the narcissistic logic of fitting or non-fitting of structures (a third possibility is excluded) shown on geometric diagrams. From this model of narcissistic interactions with the environment, addictive behavior is deduced. If the narcissistic desire for the ideal objects cannot be satisfied in the environment, the narcissist attempts to cope with this lack of intended objects by abuse of addictive substances. This leads to an overexpression of receptors in pertinent brain areas that may underly craving on the behavioral level, interpreted as pseudo satisfaction of narcissistic desires</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">—<span>destiny becomes an addiction. In conclusion, the significance of the biosystematic model of narcissism for the understanding of addictive communication and the psychopathology of depression is briefly discussed.
文摘This review critically examines gaming addiction within the contexts of media psychology and addiction theory.It outlines a continuum of gaming behavior,from casual play to addiction,characterized by loss of control,prioritizing gaming over other activities,and negative life consequences.The inclusion of gaming disorder in International Classification of Disease 11 and its provisional status in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 5 highlight growing clinical and societal recognition.The review explores neural correlates of gaming addiction,such as activation in reward-related brain regions,drawing parallels with substance addiction.It highlights how media and marketing promote gaming behaviors potentially leading to addiction,raising ethical concerns about game design and advertising.The review systematically analyzes the negative physical,mental,social,and occupational impacts of gaming addiction.It advocates for a balanced approach emphasizing awareness,therapeutic interventions,and responsible media practices,while also proposing areas for future research and policy development to mitigate the risks of excessive gaming.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (No.LH2021F043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61702141).
文摘Drug addiction is a complex brain disease closely related to the expression and methylation of many genes.Differential genes can influence addiction,and some key differential genes may have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of addiction.Nowadays,data on addictive drugs is widely available.To our knowledge,there are very few databases on genes related to addictive drugs,and existing addiction related databases are not available.
文摘In December 2025,Australia became the first country to ban social media for people under 16,sparking a worldwide debate on how to protect teens online without undue interference.While the goal of keeping young people away from harmful content and addictive algorithms is wise,a total ban may be counterproductive.A better approach is to combine regulation,education and parental guidance.
文摘Background Peer victimization has been recognized as a common social problem affecting children and adolescents in all parts of the world. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of peer victimization and to evaluate the associations between peer victimization and health correlates. Methods Using a large population sample of 18,341 adolescents aged 15–17 years from 6 cities in China, this study esti-mated the prevalence of different types of peer victimization, addictive behaviors, and health-related variables with self-administrated questionnaires. A three-phase logistical regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between peer victimization and addictive behaviors as well as health-related factors among adolescents. Results A total of 42.9% of the surveyed Chinese adolescents have been bullied by peers, with boys reporting higher rate on overt victimization (36.9%) and girls on relational forms (33.9%). School environment (34.7%) was the most frequent scene of peer violence, followed by neighborhood, family, and internet. Addictive behaviors except substance abuse were found related to higher possibility of peer victimization (aOR 1.21–1.73, P<0.001). Peer victimization was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide ideation and deliberate self-harm (aOR 1.05–2.27, P<0.001), and poorer self-esteem and health-related quality of life (aOR 0.95–0.97, P<0.001). Conclusion Possible explanations of the associations found in this study are discussed and implications for future services are raised.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472611)The“14th Five Year Plan”Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Chengdu Sport University(23CXTD02)Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China(2025-A028)。
文摘Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.
基金supported by The Xingdian Talent Support Program Project(41112080006/015)Yunnan University Graduate Research Innovation Fund Project(KC-252512463).
文摘This study examined the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction(MPA),and the mediating roles of social anxiety and self presentation in that relationship.The sample comprised 559 students(male=250,female=309,mean age=20.78 years,SD=1.13 years).Based on bias-corrected bootstrap method,our indicate loneliness to be associated with MPA of college students.Additionally,social anxiety and self-presentation,respectively,partially mediated the association between loneliness and college students’MPA.Specifically,as loneliness increased,both social anxiety and self-presentation rose,thereby increasing MPA.Social anxiety and self-presentation also sequentially mediated the relationship between loneliness and MPA among college students,such that greater loneliness heightened social anxiety,which subsequently enhanced self-presentation,ultimately resulting in increased MPA.These findings are consistent with Compensatory Internet Use Theory(CIUT).This study findings suggest for college students counselling and development services should alleviate loneliness and social anxiety through group activities,Cognitive-behavioral Therapy(CBT),and social skills training to foster belonging and reduce students’reliance on mobile phones.
基金supported by the 2025 Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation Project(FJ2025C074).
文摘This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;28 met inclusion criteria(excluding non-adolescents,generic internet addiction,non-empirical work,or non-English).Thematic synthesis organized findings into three external risk domains—family,school,and peers—considering cultural/contextual mechanisms.Family dynamics(parental phubbing,harsh parenting,dysfunction),school stressors,and adverse peer relationships were identified as accumulating,direct and indirect contributors to smartphone addiction.These operate within a techno-ecological framework,where digital technologies amplify vulnerabilities and create new pathways for maladaptive use.Evidence favors an ecological,multi-level perspective.Future research should use longitudinal designs,standardize measures across cultures,and examine understudied regions—especially Africa—to guide culturally sensitive interventions.
基金funded by the Guangxi Philosophy and Social Science Research Project,grant number 24XWC002.
文摘Background:In the Chinese context,the impact of short video applications on the psychological well-being of older adults is contested.While often examined through a pathological lens of addiction,this perspective may overlook paradoxical,context-dependent positive outcomes.Therefore,the main objective of this study is to challenge the traditional Compensatory Internet Use Theory by proposing and testing a chained mediation model that explores a paradoxical pathway from social support to life satisfaction via problematic social media use.Methods:Data were collected between July and August 2025 via the Credamo online survey platform,yielding 384 valid responses from Chinese older adults aged 60 and above.Key constructs were assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS),Simplified UCLA Loneliness Scale,and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS).A chained mediation model was tested using stepwise regression and non-parametric bootstrapping(5000 resamples),controlling for age,gender,household income,and health status.Results:The analysis revealed a paradoxical pathway,which was clarified by a key statistical suppression effect.Social support significantly and positively predicted problematic usage(β=0.157,p=0.002).After controlling for the suppressor effect of social support,problematic usage in turn negatively predicted social connectedness(β=−0.177,p<0.001).Finally,reduced social connectedness—reflecting a state of solitude—positively predicted life satisfaction(β=−0.227,p<0.001).Conclusion:The findings suggest that for older adults with sufficient offline social support,these resources may serve a“social empowerment”function.This empowerment allows behaviors measured as“problematic usage”to be theoretically reframed as a form of“deep immersive entertainment”.This immersion appears to occur alongside a state of“high-quality solitude”,which ultimately is associated with higher life satisfaction.This study provides a novel,non-pathological theoretical perspective on the consequences of high engagement with emerging social media,offering empirical grounds for non-abstinence-based intervention strategies.
文摘Objective: To study surgical management for pati ents with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods: Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneury sm resulting from addictive drug injection were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients underwent bypass graft (end to side) of external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery using expanded polytetr afluoroethylene (ePTFE). Three patients who had an autogenous saphenous vein gra ft in situs,one of whom was then performed an ePTFE graft when rupture and blee ding occurred at the anastomotic site. Color Doppler image showed patent grafted blood vessels in all the patients after operation. Eighteen patients had their femoral arteries ligated. Limbs of all the 34 patients were saved. Conclusions: Ligating femoral artery is an effective way to tre at femoral artery pseudoaneurysm if autogenous saphenous vein graft or artificia l vessel graft is not applicable.
文摘THE BUSINESS OF EMOTION Neweekly 1 August From lucky charms promising safety to addictive blind boxes,from milk tea-fuelled social frenzies to concert tickets fetching 10 times their original price,a new wave of consumption is reshaping our daily lives.At the heart of this trend is the“emotion economy,”a rapidly expanding industry that turns feelings into marketable goods.
基金support from Universitas Airlangga,in part by Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU),and by the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan(NSTC 112-2410-H-006-089-SS2).
文摘Objectives:Problematic use of the internet(PUI)has been increasingly associated with various mental health issues,highlighting the need for accurate assessment tools.The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorder(ACSID-11)is a validated psychometric instrument designed to measure distinct forms of PUI across multiple online activities.However,its applicability and validity have not yet been established within the Indonesian context.Therefore,this study aimed to translate and validate the ACSID-11 for use among Indonesian populations.Methods:The translation procedure of the ACSID-11 involved forward translation,back translation,and expert panel discussions.This research involved 600 undergraduate and post-graduate students from universities in Indonesia(mean[SD]age=21.60[2.74]years;409[68%]females).Cronbach’s Alpha(α)and McDonald’s Omega(ω)were used to measure the internal consistency of the ACSID-11.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was used in testing the construct validity of the ACSID-11.Results:The ACSID-11 demonstrated validity and reliability in assessing different types of PUI in the present Indonesian sample(α=0.67–0.96;ω=0.68–0.96).The CFA results supported a four-factor structure for the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing specific forms of PUI among Indonesian students.Future research and clinical applications are encouraged to utilize the ACSID-11 for early identification,intervention,and prevention strategies targeting PUI within this population.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe dengue children with critical complications have been attributed to high mortality rates,varying from approximately 1%to over 20%.To date,there is a lack of data on machine-learning-based algorithms for predicting the risk of inhospital mortality in children with dengue shock syndrome(DSS).AIM To develop machine-learning models to estimate the risk of death in hospitalized children with DSS.METHODS This single-center retrospective study was conducted at tertiary Children’s Hospital No.2 in Viet Nam,between 2013 and 2022.The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate in children with DSS admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Nine significant features were predetermined for further analysis using machine learning models.An oversampling method was used to enhance the model performance.Supervised models,including logistic regression,Naïve Bayes,Random Forest(RF),K-nearest neighbors,Decision Tree and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),were employed to develop predictive models.The Shapley Additive Explanation was used to determine the degree of contribution of the features.RESULTS In total,1278 PICU-admitted children with complete data were included in the analysis.The median patient age was 8.1 years(interquartile range:5.4-10.7).Thirty-nine patients(3%)died.The RF and XGboost models demonstrated the highest performance.The Shapley Addictive Explanations model revealed that the most important predictive features included younger age,female patients,presence of underlying diseases,severe transaminitis,severe bleeding,low platelet counts requiring platelet transfusion,elevated levels of international normalized ratio,blood lactate and serum creatinine,large volume of resuscitation fluid and a high vasoactive inotropic score(>30).CONCLUSION We developed robust machine learning-based models to estimate the risk of death in hospitalized children with DSS.The study findings are applicable to the design of management schemes to enhance survival outcomes of patients with DSS.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12102219)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4601900)。
文摘The low accuracy of wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is one of the main factors limiting its development,and is detrimental to the mechanical properties of WAAM structures.This study primarily investigated the effects of wire-feeding directions and positions of the molten pool on the quality and accuracy of unsupported WAAM.First,the three-dimensional(3D)morphology and volume of unsupported rods manufactured with different wirefeeding directions were quantitatively evaluated using a 3D scanning method.The effects of the wire-feeding direction and arc length on the volume and standard deviation of the unsupported rods are then discussed in detail.Finally,the influence of the wire-feeding direction on the quality and accuracy of unsupported WAAM is discussed and revealed by combining the temperature gradients,surface tension,and contact angles.The research revealed that feeding a wire into the high-temperature zone of the molten pool could reduce material spatter and achieve higher precision.The volume of the sample fed into the high-temperature zone was 120%of that fed into the low-temperature zone.This reduced not only the material waste but also the standard deviation of the diameter of the same group of samples.This research is of great significance and value for high-quality unsupported WAAM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72364006).
文摘Objectives:SocialNetworkAddiction(SNA)is becoming increasingly prevalent among college students;however,there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement tools and their optimal cutoff score.This study aims to validate the 21-item SocialNetwork Addiction Scale-Chinese(SNAS-C)in its Chinese version and to determine its optimal cutoff score for identifying potential SNA cases within the college student population.Methods:A crosssectional survey was conducted,recruiting 3387 college students.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were employed to establish the optimal cutoff score for the validated 21-item SNAS-C.Results:Three profile models were selected based on multiple statistical criteria,classifying participants into low-risk,moderate-risk,and high-risk groups.The highest-risk group was defined as“positive”for SNA,while the remaining groups were considered“negative”,serving as the reference standard for ROC analysis.The optimal cutoff score was determined to be 72(sensitivity:98.2%,specificity:96.86%),with an overall classification accuracy of 97.0%.The“positive”group reported significantly higher frequency of social network usage,greater digitalmedia dependence scores,and a higher incidence of network addiction.Conclusion:This study identified the optimal cutoff score for the SNAS-C as≥72,demonstrating high sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy.This threshold effectively distinguishes between high-risk and low-risk SNA.
基金National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.813 73372)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs(Grant No.SKL2012004)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20110001110021 and 20130001110059)
文摘Abstract： In the presem study, we simultaneously quantified the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters （MANTs） and their metabolites （levodopa, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid） in different brain subregions of rats using a newly developed simple, sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection （HPLC-FLD） method. In this new HPLC-FLD method, analytes were directly extracted and separated without deriveatization step within 20 min. The FLD wavelength was set at 280 nm and 330 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. The analytes were separated on an Agilent Eclipse Plus Cls column （4.6 mm×150 mm, 5.0 μm） equipped with an Agilent XDB-C18 security guard column （4.6 mm×12.5 mm, 5.0 lam）, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The mobile phase for elution was isocratic. The mobile phase consisted of citric acid buffer （50 mmol/L citric acid, 50 mmol/L sodium acetate, 0.5 mmol/L octane sulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.5 mmol/L Na2EDTA and 5 mmol/L triethylamine, pH 3.8） and methanol （90：10, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection limit （DL） was 0.9-23 nM for all the MANTs and their metabolites with a sample volume of 50 μL. The method was shown to be highly reproducible in terms of peak area （intraday, 0.08%-1.85% RSD, n = 5）. The simultaneous measurement of these MANTs and their metabolites improved our understanding of the neurochemistry in the central nervous system （CNS） in relation to different addictive drugs （methamphetamine, heroin and their mixture） in drug-addicted rat models.
基金supported by the First-Class Education Discipline Development of Beijing Normal University(Grant Numbers:YLXKPY-XSDW202408,YLXKPY-ZYSB202201).
文摘Objectives:The addiction of the student population to short-form video platforms such as TikTok(Douyin)is becoming increasingly apparent and is rapidly expanding.This emerging addiction is also believed to have negative impacts on students’academic,social,and emotional well-being.Consequently,video addiction has become an important public health issue on campuses around the world.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the relationship between two types of TikTok addiction(video and live streaming)and social and emotional learning(SEL),including self-awareness,self-management,social awareness,relationship skills,and responsible decision-making.Methods:Previous research has indicated that some students at vocational colleges become addicted to short-form videos.Accordingly,this study employed a snowball sampling method to survey students at vocational institutions across China.A total of 563 valid responses were obtained,yielding an effective response rate of 84.66%.The mean age of participants was 20.20 years old(SD=1.36).Data were validated with structural equation modeling.Results:Results showed that both video content addiction and live-streaming content addiction negatively correlatedwith all five dimensions of SEL.This also represents that all 10 hypotheses are valid and significant at p<0.001.Theeffect sizes ranged from 0.48 to 0.54,which represents larger effect sizes.Notably,TikTok addiction showed the strongest explanatory power for self-awareness.This indicates that higher levels of addiction to either video or live-streaming content are associatedwith poorer performance across all facets of social and emotional learning,including self-awareness,emotion regulation,interpersonal relationships,sense of responsibility,and empathy.Conclusion:This study found that TikTok addicts entered a state of ego depletion due to impaired self-regulation.This depletion then caused their subsequent self-control efforts during learning to fail.Our results also support the ego depletion theory,which posits that engaging in self-regulatory behaviors consumes limited self-control resources and can trigger a range of complex cognitive,emotional,and behavioral problems.This result also draws attention to the negative consequences of excessive use of short videos for social awareness and emotional performance.
