BACKGROUND Addiction to online games is not uncommon.The patients usually refuse to take medications and present with affective symptoms such as anxiety,depression and negative coping styles.Psychological intervention...BACKGROUND Addiction to online games is not uncommon.The patients usually refuse to take medications and present with affective symptoms such as anxiety,depression and negative coping styles.Psychological intervention based on positive psychology is a promising treatment for such patients.AIM To evaluate the effect of positive psychological intervention on anxiety,depression and coping in people addicted to online games.METHODS This self-controlled study included 89 people addicted to online games,who received treatment at Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital,Hangzhou,China in 2019.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were administered to evaluate the anxiety,depression and coping style among these people.Psychological intervention based on positive psychology was provided for 6 wk followed by another evaluation.The results were compared against those from the previous evaluation.RESULTS After 6 wk of psychological intervention,89 people achieved a significant improvement in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24 scales.The score for positive coping style in Trait Coping Style Questionnaire was significantly improved,while that of the negative coping style decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Psychological intervention based on positive psychology alleviated affective symptoms,such as anxiety and depression,in subjects addicted to online games.Psychological intervention corrected negative coping style,thereby improving mental health.展开更多
Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty...Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting baseline preference for the black chamber during a 20-minute pre-conditioning exploration of the CPP box completed the study. On alternate days of an 8-day schedule, twelve rats (Group AMP) were randomly selected, given either amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/ml, i.p.) and confined to the white chamber;or vehicle (1 ml saline, i.p.) and confined to the black chamber. A significant increased percentage time spent and number of entries made by Group AMP to the drug-paired, white chamber on the test day confirmed amphetamine addiction. Group AMP subsequently received increasing doses of amphetamine over 6 days. Following acute drug withdrawal, their CPP performance was compared with that of vehicle treated rats (Group SAL). Groups AMP and SAL were equally divided and randomly assigned to animals fed chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (AMP-S and SAL-S) over 8 weeks or standard rat chow (AMP-N and SAL-N). CPP performances for all rats were determined blindly from video recordings following this period. Results: Nutritionally supplemented, amphetamine withdrawn rats (AMP-S) exhibited significantly decreased percentage entries and time spent in the white chamber (p ?ve, control animals. Conclusion: Drug-seeking behavior by amphetamine-addicted animals was eliminated after treatment with a nutritionally supplemented diet.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, indivi...BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) seeking addiction treatment receive mostly psychotherapy and psychiatric pharmacotherapy, with no attention to vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). Little is known about the pre-clinical signs of cardiovascular risk in iCUD and early signs of vascular disease are undetected in this underserved population. AIM To assess inflammation, plaque burden and plaque composition in iCUD aiming to detect markers of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. METHODS The bilateral carotid arteries were imaged with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in iCUD asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, healthy controls, and individuals with cardiovascular risk. PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) evaluated vascular inflammation and 3-D dark-blood MRI assessed plaque burden including wall area and thickness. Drug use and severity of addiction were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS The majority of iCUD and controls had carotid FDG-PET signal greater than 1.6 but lower than 3, indicating the presence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, the MRI measure of wall structure was thicker in iCUD as compared to the controls and cardiovascular risk group, indicating greater carotid plaque burden. iCUD had larger wall area as compared to the healthy controls but not as compared to the cardiovascular risk group, indicating structural wall similarities between the non-control study groups. In iCUD, wall area correlated with greater cocaine withdrawal and craving. CONCLUSION These preliminary results show markers of carotid artery disease burden in cardiovascular disease-asymptomatic iCUD. Broader trials are warranted to develop protocols for early detection of cardiovascular risk and preventive intervention in iCUD.展开更多
The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation and control of substance addiction-related cognitive, behavioral, and emotional changes. The present study identified prefrontal cortex protein profiles in morphine-...The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation and control of substance addiction-related cognitive, behavioral, and emotional changes. The present study identified prefrontal cortex protein profiles in morphine-addicted rats; these were subsequently compared with normal rats. Results showed 87 protein spots with differentially expressed levels in the morphine addiction group, with the majority located in meta acid zones at pH 4.2-6.8 and having a molecular weight of 30-110 kDa In addition, 2 protein spots were identified as being associated with neurotoxicity （Snap25 isoform β-Snap25 of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 and βactin）.展开更多
Nowadays, using the Internet, for academic and non-academic activities, is an integral part of students’ daily life. Studies showed that excessive use of the Internet has negative effects on physical and mental healt...Nowadays, using the Internet, for academic and non-academic activities, is an integral part of students’ daily life. Studies showed that excessive use of the Internet has negative effects on physical and mental health. The present research was conducted in order to compare the psychological disorders of Internet addicted students and ordinary Internet users in Zabol University of medical sciences. It applied a causal-comparative method. Through applying purposive sampling method, 252 undergraduate and postgraduate students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences were selected in May 2015. Data collection was performed using standard questionnaires of Young’s Internet Addiction Test and the Symptom Check List 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data analysis was carried out using independent t-test with SPSS21. Results indicated that the Internet addicted students, compared with ordinary Internet users had more psychological disorders. Considering the high prevalence of psychological disorders in the Internet addicted students, teaching appropriate use of the Internet to students is an important factor in controlling the Internet addiction.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of addiction makes it a significant public health issue.Recently,transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has garnered significant attention as a promising treatment for addiction.AIM To analyze...BACKGROUND The prevalence of addiction makes it a significant public health issue.Recently,transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has garnered significant attention as a promising treatment for addiction.AIM To analyze development trends and research hotspots in TMS-based addiction treatment using a bibliometric approach.METHODS Articles on TMS-based addiction treatment from 2001 to 2023 were sourced from the Science Citation Index Expanded in the Web of Science Core Collection.CiteSpace software,VOSviewer,the"bibliometrix"R software package,and the bibliometric online analysis platform were used to analyze the current publication trends and hotspots.RESULTS Total 190 articles on TMS-based addiction treatment were identified,with clinical studies being the most prevalent.The United States led in both publication volume and international collaborations.Medical University of South Carolina and Zangen A were the most productive institution and author,respectively.Neurobiology,alcohol use disorder,and repetitive TMS were the most recent research hotspots.CONCLUSION Future research should focus on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying TMS-based addiction treatment.This study offers comprehensive insights and recommendations for advancing research on TMS-based addiction treatment.展开更多
Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limite...Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limited,and understanding of the variable“TikTok brain”is still in its infancy.Therefore,based on the Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence(SOBC)framework,we proposed six research hypotheses and constructed a model to explore the relationships between short video usage intensity,TikTok brain,short video addiction,and decreased attention control.Methods:Given that students are considered a high-risk group for excessive short video use,we collected 1086 valid participants from Chinese student users,including 609 males(56.1%)and 477 females(43.9%),with an average participant age of 19.84 years,to test the hypotheses.Results:(1)Short video usage intensity was positively related to short video addiction,TikTok brain,and decreased attention control;(2)TikTok brain was positively related to short video addiction and decreased attention control;and(3)Short video addiction was positively related to decreased attention control.Conclusions:These findings suggest that although excessive use of short video applications brings negative consequences,users still spend significant amounts of time on these platforms,indicating a need for strict self-regulation of usage time.展开更多
Understanding the cellular mechanisms of drug addiction remains a key task in current brain research.While neuron-based mechanisms have been extensively explored over the past three decades,recent evidence indicates a...Understanding the cellular mechanisms of drug addiction remains a key task in current brain research.While neuron-based mechanisms have been extensively explored over the past three decades,recent evidence indicates a critical involvement of astrocytes,the main type of non-neuronal cells in the brain.In response to extracellular stimuli,astrocytes modulate the activity of neurons,synaptic transmission,and neural network properties,collectively influencing brain function.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)expressed on astrocyte surfaces respond to neuron-and environment-derived ligands by activating or inhibiting astrocytic signaling,which in turn regulates adjacent neurons and their circuitry.In this review,we focus on the dopamine D1 receptors(D1R)and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(mGLUR5 or GRM5)—two GPCRs that have been critically implicated in the acquisition and maintenance of addiction-related behaviors.Positioned as an introductory-level review,this article briefly discusses astrocyte biology,outlines earlier discoveries about the role of astrocytes in substance-use disorders(SUDs),and provides detailed discussion about astrocytic D1Rs and mGLUR5s in regulating synapse and network functions in the nucleus accumbens(NAc)—a brain region that mediates addictionrelated emotional and motivational responses.This review serves as a stepping stone for readers of Engineering to explore links between astrocytic GPCRs and drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders.展开更多
Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconso...Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure(MRUP),a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes:reconsolidation and extinction—alternatively termed“the memory retrieval-extinction procedure”.This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate,if not erase,entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse.The present review delineates the applications,molecular underpinnings,and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence.Furthermore,we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP,postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.In addition,we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction.Overall,existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP,suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.展开更多
Drug addiction, a disorder characterized by chronic relapse and compulsive drug use, poses a significant threat to public safety and human health. Addictive substances can be categorized as natural, semi-synthetic, or...Drug addiction, a disorder characterized by chronic relapse and compulsive drug use, poses a significant threat to public safety and human health. Addictive substances can be categorized as natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic based on their origin. Additionally, they can be classified into three groups according to their pharmacological targets: opioids, hallucinogens, and cannabinoids that act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs);alcohols, nicotine, ketamine, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines (BDZs) that affect ligand-gated ion channel-type receptors;and psychostimulants that interact with monoamine transporters. Current treatments for drug addiction primarily include substitution therapy and non-pharmacological approaches. However, these methods have limitations, particularly in addressing the underlying causes of relapse. Several drugs in clinical trials have demonstrated potential therapeutic effects for addiction to opioids, heroin, cocaine, and other substances. This review examines the origins and pharmacological mechanisms of addiction to naturally-derived psychoactive substances (NPS) and provides an overview of recent advancements in pharmacotherapy for drug addiction.展开更多
Addiction literacy equips older adults with the knowledge to navigate substance use risks amid unique challenges like polypharmacy and social isolation.With rising trends in cannabis use among this group,targeted educ...Addiction literacy equips older adults with the knowledge to navigate substance use risks amid unique challenges like polypharmacy and social isolation.With rising trends in cannabis use among this group,targeted education can promote safe practices and reduce preventable harms.By fostering open conversations and integrating addiction literacy into healthcare,providers can support informed decision-making.展开更多
Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health an...Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.展开更多
Objectives:SocialNetworkAddiction(SNA)is becoming increasingly prevalent among college students;however,there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement tools and their optimal cutoff score.This study aims ...Objectives:SocialNetworkAddiction(SNA)is becoming increasingly prevalent among college students;however,there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement tools and their optimal cutoff score.This study aims to validate the 21-item SocialNetwork Addiction Scale-Chinese(SNAS-C)in its Chinese version and to determine its optimal cutoff score for identifying potential SNA cases within the college student population.Methods:A crosssectional survey was conducted,recruiting 3387 college students.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were employed to establish the optimal cutoff score for the validated 21-item SNAS-C.Results:Three profile models were selected based on multiple statistical criteria,classifying participants into low-risk,moderate-risk,and high-risk groups.The highest-risk group was defined as“positive”for SNA,while the remaining groups were considered“negative”,serving as the reference standard for ROC analysis.The optimal cutoff score was determined to be 72(sensitivity:98.2%,specificity:96.86%),with an overall classification accuracy of 97.0%.The“positive”group reported significantly higher frequency of social network usage,greater digitalmedia dependence scores,and a higher incidence of network addiction.Conclusion:This study identified the optimal cutoff score for the SNAS-C as≥72,demonstrating high sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy.This threshold effectively distinguishes between high-risk and low-risk SNA.展开更多
Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern.Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants.However,the neuroph...Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern.Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants.However,the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of acute methamphetamine exposure(AME)on sleep homeostasis remain to be explored.This study employed non-human primates and electroencephalogram(EEG)sleep staging to evaluate the influence of AME on neural oscillations.The primary focus was on alterations in spindles,delta oscillations,and slow oscillations(SOs)and their interactions as conduits through which AME influences sleep stability.AME predominantly diminishes sleep-spindle waves in the non-rapid eye movement 2(NREM2)stage,and impacts SOs and delta waves differentially.Furthermore,the competitive relationships between SO/delta waves nesting with sleep spindles were selectively strengthened by methamphetamine.Complexity analysis also revealed that the SO-nested spindles had lost their ability to maintain sleep depth and stability.In summary,this finding could be one of the intrinsic electrophysiological mechanisms by which AME disrupted sleep homeostasis.展开更多
This study examined how social desirability responses confound the relationship between gender and social media addiction.A total of 496 college student social media users(females=310,62.5%,mean age=20.15,SD=1.26)comp...This study examined how social desirability responses confound the relationship between gender and social media addiction.A total of 496 college student social media users(females=310,62.5%,mean age=20.15,SD=1.26)completed an online questionnaire on Social Media Addiction and Social Desirability.Mediation analysis revealed that females were at higher risk for social media addiction.On the other hand,the indirect effect of gender on social media addiction via social desirability is associated with lower social media addiction,which suggests that social desirability had a suppression effect on social media addiction associated with gender.ANOVA results showed that females reported higher social media addiction scores than males in the low social desirability group;in the high group,gender differences were insignificant.This study’s unique contribution is to suggest that females are at higher risk than males for developing addictive social media behaviors.Based on this finding,student social media safety interventions should be gender sensitive to the social desirability effect on females who may hide their true addiction as a result.展开更多
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-inv...BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for treating IGD among adolescents and adults.METHODS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025 were included in this meta-analysis,encompassing 1208 participants from diverse geographic and cultural contexts.The interventions examined included cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),internet-based CBT,neurofeedback,virtual reality therapy,abstinence-based programs,and school-based prevention.The primary outcomes assessed were reductions in gaming time and IGD severity.Secondary outcomes included improvements in mood,anxiety,and psychosocial functioning(e.g.,stronger peer relationships,better academic or work performance,and healthier daily-life role fulfillment).RESULTS The pooled standardized mean difference for IGD symptom reduction significantly favored non-invasive interventions(Hedges’g=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.74,P<0.001),with moderate heterogeneity observed(I2=47%).Subgroup analyses indicated that CBT-based programs,both in-person and online,yielded the strongest effects,particularly when caregiver involvement or self-monitoring was incorporated.Funnel plot asymmetry was minimal,suggesting a low risk of publication bias.CONCLUSION These findings support the efficacy of scalable,low-risk non-invasive interventions as first-line treatment options for IGD,particularly in youth populations.Future studies should prioritize investigating long-term outcomes,comparing the effectiveness of different non-invasive modalities,and developing culturally adaptive delivery methods.展开更多
Background:Social media addiction,one of the behavioural addictions,is a significant predictor of job performance.It has also been posited that individuals whose fundamental requirements(e.g.,sleep)are not sufficientl...Background:Social media addiction,one of the behavioural addictions,is a significant predictor of job performance.It has also been posited that individuals whose fundamental requirements(e.g.,sleep)are not sufficiently met andwho lack adequate support(e.g.,perceived social support)are incapable of effectivelyharnessing theirpotential.The primary objective of this study is to examine themediating effects of sleep disorder and perceived social support on the relationship between social media addiction and job performance.Furthermore,it seeks to explore the moderating effects of perceived social support on sleep disorders and job performance.Methods:The data were collected through the questionnairemethod,and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.Moreover,statistical analysis encompasses correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis.The data were gathered from 488 healthcare professionals(57.2%female),whose ages ranged from 24 to 56 years(Meanage±SD=37.86±6.71),using a convenience sample approach.Results:The results revealed significant relationships between social media addiction,job performance,perceived social support,and sleep disorder.The findings indicate that social media addiction negatively predicts job performance(β=−0.11,p<0.05).Sleep disorder(effect size=−0.02,95%CI=[−0.04,−0.00])and perceived social support(effect size=−0.01,95%CI=[−0.02,−0.00])mediate this relationship.Furthermore,perceived social supportmoderates the pathway between sleep disorder and job performance(index ofmoderatedmediation:−0.0040,95%CI=[−0.0070,−0.0010]).Conclusions:This study suggests that social media addiction negatively affects job performance through sleep disorders and perceived social support among healthcare professionals.The study’s findings are significant,as they suggest that treatments aimed at alleviating sleep disorders and enhancing perceived social support among medical workers may improve their job performance.展开更多
Background:As the digital age progresses,fear of missing out(FoMO)is becoming increasingly common,and the impact factor of FOMO needs to be further investigated.This study aims to explore the relationship between psyc...Background:As the digital age progresses,fear of missing out(FoMO)is becoming increasingly common,and the impact factor of FOMO needs to be further investigated.This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological security(PS)and FoMO by analyzing the mediating role of social networking addiction(SNA)and the moderating role of social self-efficacy(SSE).Methods:We collected a sample of 1181 college students(with a mean age of 19.671.38 years)from five universities in a province of China's Mainland through cluster sampling.Data±were gathered using the psychological security questionnaire(PSQ),the FoMO scale,the SNA scale,and the perceived social self-efficacy(PSSE)scale.Data analysis employed independent-sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),Harman’s single-factor test,confirmatory factor analysis,and moderated mediation analysis.Results:The results of the mediation model and moderated mediation model analyses showed the following key findings:(1)PS is significantly negatively correlated with FoMO;(2)SNA mediates the relationship between PS and FoMO;(3)SSE positively moderates the relationship between PS and FoMO;and(4)SSE also positively moderates the relationship between PS and SNA.Conclusion:University students’PS not only directly impacts FoMO but also indirectly influences it through SNA.Additionally,SSE positively moderates both the direct path and the first half of the mediation path,indicating that enhancing students’PS and SSE can help alleviate their SNA and FoMO,promoting their psychological and behavioral well-being.展开更多
Background and Objective Social anxiety arising from intensive social media usage(SMU)among adolescents and youth has gained extensive attention in recent years due to its negative influence on mental health and acade...Background and Objective Social anxiety arising from intensive social media usage(SMU)among adolescents and youth has gained extensive attention in recent years due to its negative influence on mental health and academic performance.In spite of that,there is a dearth regarding the etiology of SMU-related social anxiety.This study aims to further clarify the influence of introversion personality on SMU-related social anxiety and the mechanism underlying such an association and provide a new perspective for developing effective intervention strategies for the highly prevailing SMU-related anxiety among Chinese college students.Methods A cohort of 979 college students(266 males and 713 females)aged 20.90±1.91 years was enrolled in this cross-sectional study.Four measures including the"extroversion"domain of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised,Short Scale(EPQ-R-S E),Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),Mobile Phone Addiction Index(MPAI),and Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users(SAS-SMU)were used to evaluate the influence of introversion personality on SMU-related social anxiety that was potentially mediated sequentially by interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction.Hayes PROCESS was used for correlation and mediation analysis.Results Interaction anxiousness(indirect effect=-1.331,95%CI:-1.559--1.122)partially mediated the association between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety.Besides,a sequential mediation of interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction in the link between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety was revealed(indirect effect=-0.308,95%CI:-0.404--0.220).No significant mediating effect was found with mobile phone addiction in the association between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety.Conclusion Targeting interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction may represent an efficient strategy alleviating SMU-related social anxiety among Chinese college students with introversion personality.展开更多
基金Supported by The Medical and Health Science and Technology Foundation of Zhejiang,No.2020363968.
文摘BACKGROUND Addiction to online games is not uncommon.The patients usually refuse to take medications and present with affective symptoms such as anxiety,depression and negative coping styles.Psychological intervention based on positive psychology is a promising treatment for such patients.AIM To evaluate the effect of positive psychological intervention on anxiety,depression and coping in people addicted to online games.METHODS This self-controlled study included 89 people addicted to online games,who received treatment at Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital,Hangzhou,China in 2019.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were administered to evaluate the anxiety,depression and coping style among these people.Psychological intervention based on positive psychology was provided for 6 wk followed by another evaluation.The results were compared against those from the previous evaluation.RESULTS After 6 wk of psychological intervention,89 people achieved a significant improvement in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24 scales.The score for positive coping style in Trait Coping Style Questionnaire was significantly improved,while that of the negative coping style decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Psychological intervention based on positive psychology alleviated affective symptoms,such as anxiety and depression,in subjects addicted to online games.Psychological intervention corrected negative coping style,thereby improving mental health.
文摘Aim: The effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior of amphetamine-addicted rats during withdrawal was investigated using a biased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Method: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting baseline preference for the black chamber during a 20-minute pre-conditioning exploration of the CPP box completed the study. On alternate days of an 8-day schedule, twelve rats (Group AMP) were randomly selected, given either amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/ml, i.p.) and confined to the white chamber;or vehicle (1 ml saline, i.p.) and confined to the black chamber. A significant increased percentage time spent and number of entries made by Group AMP to the drug-paired, white chamber on the test day confirmed amphetamine addiction. Group AMP subsequently received increasing doses of amphetamine over 6 days. Following acute drug withdrawal, their CPP performance was compared with that of vehicle treated rats (Group SAL). Groups AMP and SAL were equally divided and randomly assigned to animals fed chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (AMP-S and SAL-S) over 8 weeks or standard rat chow (AMP-N and SAL-N). CPP performances for all rats were determined blindly from video recordings following this period. Results: Nutritionally supplemented, amphetamine withdrawn rats (AMP-S) exhibited significantly decreased percentage entries and time spent in the white chamber (p ?ve, control animals. Conclusion: Drug-seeking behavior by amphetamine-addicted animals was eliminated after treatment with a nutritionally supplemented diet.
基金Supported by NIDA,No.K23DA045928-01(to Bachi K) and No.R01DA041528(to Goldstein RZ)NIH/NHLBI,No.R01HL071021+1 种基金Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute internal funding(to Fayad ZAF)American Heart Association Grant in Aid,No.17GRNT33420119(to Mani VM)
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) seeking addiction treatment receive mostly psychotherapy and psychiatric pharmacotherapy, with no attention to vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). Little is known about the pre-clinical signs of cardiovascular risk in iCUD and early signs of vascular disease are undetected in this underserved population. AIM To assess inflammation, plaque burden and plaque composition in iCUD aiming to detect markers of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. METHODS The bilateral carotid arteries were imaged with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in iCUD asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, healthy controls, and individuals with cardiovascular risk. PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) evaluated vascular inflammation and 3-D dark-blood MRI assessed plaque burden including wall area and thickness. Drug use and severity of addiction were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS The majority of iCUD and controls had carotid FDG-PET signal greater than 1.6 but lower than 3, indicating the presence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, the MRI measure of wall structure was thicker in iCUD as compared to the controls and cardiovascular risk group, indicating greater carotid plaque burden. iCUD had larger wall area as compared to the healthy controls but not as compared to the cardiovascular risk group, indicating structural wall similarities between the non-control study groups. In iCUD, wall area correlated with greater cocaine withdrawal and craving. CONCLUSION These preliminary results show markers of carotid artery disease burden in cardiovascular disease-asymptomatic iCUD. Broader trials are warranted to develop protocols for early detection of cardiovascular risk and preventive intervention in iCUD.
基金sponsored by a grant from the Sichuan Provincial Education Department(Influence of AGS3 on"reversible protein phosphorylation"in cortical neu-rons of morphine-addicted rats),No.2005B016
文摘The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation and control of substance addiction-related cognitive, behavioral, and emotional changes. The present study identified prefrontal cortex protein profiles in morphine-addicted rats; these were subsequently compared with normal rats. Results showed 87 protein spots with differentially expressed levels in the morphine addiction group, with the majority located in meta acid zones at pH 4.2-6.8 and having a molecular weight of 30-110 kDa In addition, 2 protein spots were identified as being associated with neurotoxicity （Snap25 isoform β-Snap25 of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 and βactin）.
文摘Nowadays, using the Internet, for academic and non-academic activities, is an integral part of students’ daily life. Studies showed that excessive use of the Internet has negative effects on physical and mental health. The present research was conducted in order to compare the psychological disorders of Internet addicted students and ordinary Internet users in Zabol University of medical sciences. It applied a causal-comparative method. Through applying purposive sampling method, 252 undergraduate and postgraduate students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences were selected in May 2015. Data collection was performed using standard questionnaires of Young’s Internet Addiction Test and the Symptom Check List 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data analysis was carried out using independent t-test with SPSS21. Results indicated that the Internet addicted students, compared with ordinary Internet users had more psychological disorders. Considering the high prevalence of psychological disorders in the Internet addicted students, teaching appropriate use of the Internet to students is an important factor in controlling the Internet addiction.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81973620Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,No.Y20220091.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of addiction makes it a significant public health issue.Recently,transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has garnered significant attention as a promising treatment for addiction.AIM To analyze development trends and research hotspots in TMS-based addiction treatment using a bibliometric approach.METHODS Articles on TMS-based addiction treatment from 2001 to 2023 were sourced from the Science Citation Index Expanded in the Web of Science Core Collection.CiteSpace software,VOSviewer,the"bibliometrix"R software package,and the bibliometric online analysis platform were used to analyze the current publication trends and hotspots.RESULTS Total 190 articles on TMS-based addiction treatment were identified,with clinical studies being the most prevalent.The United States led in both publication volume and international collaborations.Medical University of South Carolina and Zangen A were the most productive institution and author,respectively.Neurobiology,alcohol use disorder,and repetitive TMS were the most recent research hotspots.CONCLUSION Future research should focus on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying TMS-based addiction treatment.This study offers comprehensive insights and recommendations for advancing research on TMS-based addiction treatment.
基金supported by the International Joint Research Project of Huiyan International College,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University(Grant Number:ICER202102).
文摘Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limited,and understanding of the variable“TikTok brain”is still in its infancy.Therefore,based on the Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence(SOBC)framework,we proposed six research hypotheses and constructed a model to explore the relationships between short video usage intensity,TikTok brain,short video addiction,and decreased attention control.Methods:Given that students are considered a high-risk group for excessive short video use,we collected 1086 valid participants from Chinese student users,including 609 males(56.1%)and 477 females(43.9%),with an average participant age of 19.84 years,to test the hypotheses.Results:(1)Short video usage intensity was positively related to short video addiction,TikTok brain,and decreased attention control;(2)TikTok brain was positively related to short video addiction and decreased attention control;and(3)Short video addiction was positively related to decreased attention control.Conclusions:These findings suggest that although excessive use of short video applications brings negative consequences,users still spend significant amounts of time on these platforms,indicating a need for strict self-regulation of usage time.
基金partially supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants DA056213(to Alexander K.Zinsmaier),DA053388(to Eric J.Nestler),DA023206(to Yan Dong),DA060868(to Yan Dong),and DA040620(to Eric J.Nestler and Yan Dong)。
文摘Understanding the cellular mechanisms of drug addiction remains a key task in current brain research.While neuron-based mechanisms have been extensively explored over the past three decades,recent evidence indicates a critical involvement of astrocytes,the main type of non-neuronal cells in the brain.In response to extracellular stimuli,astrocytes modulate the activity of neurons,synaptic transmission,and neural network properties,collectively influencing brain function.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)expressed on astrocyte surfaces respond to neuron-and environment-derived ligands by activating or inhibiting astrocytic signaling,which in turn regulates adjacent neurons and their circuitry.In this review,we focus on the dopamine D1 receptors(D1R)and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(mGLUR5 or GRM5)—two GPCRs that have been critically implicated in the acquisition and maintenance of addiction-related behaviors.Positioned as an introductory-level review,this article briefly discusses astrocyte biology,outlines earlier discoveries about the role of astrocytes in substance-use disorders(SUDs),and provides detailed discussion about astrocytic D1Rs and mGLUR5s in regulating synapse and network functions in the nucleus accumbens(NAc)—a brain region that mediates addictionrelated emotional and motivational responses.This review serves as a stepping stone for readers of Engineering to explore links between astrocytic GPCRs and drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071498,81871046,and 32161143022)STI2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0214500).
文摘Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure(MRUP),a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes:reconsolidation and extinction—alternatively termed“the memory retrieval-extinction procedure”.This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate,if not erase,entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse.The present review delineates the applications,molecular underpinnings,and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence.Furthermore,we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP,postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.In addition,we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction.Overall,existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP,suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82373836).
文摘Drug addiction, a disorder characterized by chronic relapse and compulsive drug use, poses a significant threat to public safety and human health. Addictive substances can be categorized as natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic based on their origin. Additionally, they can be classified into three groups according to their pharmacological targets: opioids, hallucinogens, and cannabinoids that act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs);alcohols, nicotine, ketamine, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines (BDZs) that affect ligand-gated ion channel-type receptors;and psychostimulants that interact with monoamine transporters. Current treatments for drug addiction primarily include substitution therapy and non-pharmacological approaches. However, these methods have limitations, particularly in addressing the underlying causes of relapse. Several drugs in clinical trials have demonstrated potential therapeutic effects for addiction to opioids, heroin, cocaine, and other substances. This review examines the origins and pharmacological mechanisms of addiction to naturally-derived psychoactive substances (NPS) and provides an overview of recent advancements in pharmacotherapy for drug addiction.
基金Supported by FAPESP and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico,No.2024/13209-0.
文摘Addiction literacy equips older adults with the knowledge to navigate substance use risks amid unique challenges like polypharmacy and social isolation.With rising trends in cannabis use among this group,targeted education can promote safe practices and reduce preventable harms.By fostering open conversations and integrating addiction literacy into healthcare,providers can support informed decision-making.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(GrantNo.24CTJ019).
文摘Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72364006).
文摘Objectives:SocialNetworkAddiction(SNA)is becoming increasingly prevalent among college students;however,there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement tools and their optimal cutoff score.This study aims to validate the 21-item SocialNetwork Addiction Scale-Chinese(SNAS-C)in its Chinese version and to determine its optimal cutoff score for identifying potential SNA cases within the college student population.Methods:A crosssectional survey was conducted,recruiting 3387 college students.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were employed to establish the optimal cutoff score for the validated 21-item SNAS-C.Results:Three profile models were selected based on multiple statistical criteria,classifying participants into low-risk,moderate-risk,and high-risk groups.The highest-risk group was defined as“positive”for SNA,while the remaining groups were considered“negative”,serving as the reference standard for ROC analysis.The optimal cutoff score was determined to be 72(sensitivity:98.2%,specificity:96.86%),with an overall classification accuracy of 97.0%.The“positive”group reported significantly higher frequency of social network usage,greater digitalmedia dependence scores,and a higher incidence of network addiction.Conclusion:This study identified the optimal cutoff score for the SNAS-C as≥72,demonstrating high sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy.This threshold effectively distinguishes between high-risk and low-risk SNA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271515)the SJTU Trans-Med Awards Research(No.2019015)+4 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai(No.KY20211478)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2021SHZDZX)the Nursing Development Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.SJTUHLXK2022)the 2024 Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Nursing Research Fund(No.RJHK-2024-001)the Shanghai Nursing Association Funding(No.2024MS-B13),China。
文摘Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern.Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants.However,the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of acute methamphetamine exposure(AME)on sleep homeostasis remain to be explored.This study employed non-human primates and electroencephalogram(EEG)sleep staging to evaluate the influence of AME on neural oscillations.The primary focus was on alterations in spindles,delta oscillations,and slow oscillations(SOs)and their interactions as conduits through which AME influences sleep stability.AME predominantly diminishes sleep-spindle waves in the non-rapid eye movement 2(NREM2)stage,and impacts SOs and delta waves differentially.Furthermore,the competitive relationships between SO/delta waves nesting with sleep spindles were selectively strengthened by methamphetamine.Complexity analysis also revealed that the SO-nested spindles had lost their ability to maintain sleep depth and stability.In summary,this finding could be one of the intrinsic electrophysiological mechanisms by which AME disrupted sleep homeostasis.
基金supported by the Guangdong Education Science Planning Project(2024GXJK612).
文摘This study examined how social desirability responses confound the relationship between gender and social media addiction.A total of 496 college student social media users(females=310,62.5%,mean age=20.15,SD=1.26)completed an online questionnaire on Social Media Addiction and Social Desirability.Mediation analysis revealed that females were at higher risk for social media addiction.On the other hand,the indirect effect of gender on social media addiction via social desirability is associated with lower social media addiction,which suggests that social desirability had a suppression effect on social media addiction associated with gender.ANOVA results showed that females reported higher social media addiction scores than males in the low social desirability group;in the high group,gender differences were insignificant.This study’s unique contribution is to suggest that females are at higher risk than males for developing addictive social media behaviors.Based on this finding,student social media safety interventions should be gender sensitive to the social desirability effect on females who may hide their true addiction as a result.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for treating IGD among adolescents and adults.METHODS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025 were included in this meta-analysis,encompassing 1208 participants from diverse geographic and cultural contexts.The interventions examined included cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),internet-based CBT,neurofeedback,virtual reality therapy,abstinence-based programs,and school-based prevention.The primary outcomes assessed were reductions in gaming time and IGD severity.Secondary outcomes included improvements in mood,anxiety,and psychosocial functioning(e.g.,stronger peer relationships,better academic or work performance,and healthier daily-life role fulfillment).RESULTS The pooled standardized mean difference for IGD symptom reduction significantly favored non-invasive interventions(Hedges’g=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.74,P<0.001),with moderate heterogeneity observed(I2=47%).Subgroup analyses indicated that CBT-based programs,both in-person and online,yielded the strongest effects,particularly when caregiver involvement or self-monitoring was incorporated.Funnel plot asymmetry was minimal,suggesting a low risk of publication bias.CONCLUSION These findings support the efficacy of scalable,low-risk non-invasive interventions as first-line treatment options for IGD,particularly in youth populations.Future studies should prioritize investigating long-term outcomes,comparing the effectiveness of different non-invasive modalities,and developing culturally adaptive delivery methods.
文摘Background:Social media addiction,one of the behavioural addictions,is a significant predictor of job performance.It has also been posited that individuals whose fundamental requirements(e.g.,sleep)are not sufficiently met andwho lack adequate support(e.g.,perceived social support)are incapable of effectivelyharnessing theirpotential.The primary objective of this study is to examine themediating effects of sleep disorder and perceived social support on the relationship between social media addiction and job performance.Furthermore,it seeks to explore the moderating effects of perceived social support on sleep disorders and job performance.Methods:The data were collected through the questionnairemethod,and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.Moreover,statistical analysis encompasses correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis.The data were gathered from 488 healthcare professionals(57.2%female),whose ages ranged from 24 to 56 years(Meanage±SD=37.86±6.71),using a convenience sample approach.Results:The results revealed significant relationships between social media addiction,job performance,perceived social support,and sleep disorder.The findings indicate that social media addiction negatively predicts job performance(β=−0.11,p<0.05).Sleep disorder(effect size=−0.02,95%CI=[−0.04,−0.00])and perceived social support(effect size=−0.01,95%CI=[−0.02,−0.00])mediate this relationship.Furthermore,perceived social supportmoderates the pathway between sleep disorder and job performance(index ofmoderatedmediation:−0.0040,95%CI=[−0.0070,−0.0010]).Conclusions:This study suggests that social media addiction negatively affects job performance through sleep disorders and perceived social support among healthcare professionals.The study’s findings are significant,as they suggest that treatments aimed at alleviating sleep disorders and enhancing perceived social support among medical workers may improve their job performance.
基金supported by the Jiangxi Province Think Tank Research Project(ZK202406)the 2023 Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission Research Project(52524010)。
文摘Background:As the digital age progresses,fear of missing out(FoMO)is becoming increasingly common,and the impact factor of FOMO needs to be further investigated.This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological security(PS)and FoMO by analyzing the mediating role of social networking addiction(SNA)and the moderating role of social self-efficacy(SSE).Methods:We collected a sample of 1181 college students(with a mean age of 19.671.38 years)from five universities in a province of China's Mainland through cluster sampling.Data±were gathered using the psychological security questionnaire(PSQ),the FoMO scale,the SNA scale,and the perceived social self-efficacy(PSSE)scale.Data analysis employed independent-sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),Harman’s single-factor test,confirmatory factor analysis,and moderated mediation analysis.Results:The results of the mediation model and moderated mediation model analyses showed the following key findings:(1)PS is significantly negatively correlated with FoMO;(2)SNA mediates the relationship between PS and FoMO;(3)SSE positively moderates the relationship between PS and FoMO;and(4)SSE also positively moderates the relationship between PS and SNA.Conclusion:University students’PS not only directly impacts FoMO but also indirectly influences it through SNA.Additionally,SSE positively moderates both the direct path and the first half of the mediation path,indicating that enhancing students’PS and SSE can help alleviate their SNA and FoMO,promoting their psychological and behavioral well-being.
文摘Background and Objective Social anxiety arising from intensive social media usage(SMU)among adolescents and youth has gained extensive attention in recent years due to its negative influence on mental health and academic performance.In spite of that,there is a dearth regarding the etiology of SMU-related social anxiety.This study aims to further clarify the influence of introversion personality on SMU-related social anxiety and the mechanism underlying such an association and provide a new perspective for developing effective intervention strategies for the highly prevailing SMU-related anxiety among Chinese college students.Methods A cohort of 979 college students(266 males and 713 females)aged 20.90±1.91 years was enrolled in this cross-sectional study.Four measures including the"extroversion"domain of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised,Short Scale(EPQ-R-S E),Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),Mobile Phone Addiction Index(MPAI),and Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users(SAS-SMU)were used to evaluate the influence of introversion personality on SMU-related social anxiety that was potentially mediated sequentially by interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction.Hayes PROCESS was used for correlation and mediation analysis.Results Interaction anxiousness(indirect effect=-1.331,95%CI:-1.559--1.122)partially mediated the association between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety.Besides,a sequential mediation of interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction in the link between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety was revealed(indirect effect=-0.308,95%CI:-0.404--0.220).No significant mediating effect was found with mobile phone addiction in the association between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety.Conclusion Targeting interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction may represent an efficient strategy alleviating SMU-related social anxiety among Chinese college students with introversion personality.
