Adaptive coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry based on conformationally flexible pre-organized luminescent Cu(I)precursors paves the way to the ready formation of an intricate supramolecular scaffold possessin...Adaptive coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry based on conformationally flexible pre-organized luminescent Cu(I)precursors paves the way to the ready formation of an intricate supramolecular scaffold possessing intrinsic luminescence properties.A formal ring extension of a tetrametallic Cu(I)metallacycle bearing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence(TADF)properties can thus be carried out,affording a new hexametallic Cu(I)metallacycle 1 bearing modulated solid-state TADF properties.Attempts to adapt this ring extension process to the formation of targeted heterometallic Au_(2)Cu_(4)and Pt_(2)Cu_(8)assemblies led to the unexpected and ready formation of the Au_(2)Cu_(10)and Pt4Cu11 derivatives 2 and 3,respectively.These outcomes strengthen the scope and perspectives of adaptive coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry compared to those of conventional coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry.Indeed,it guides concerted intramolecular fragmentation and redistribution of the particular building blocks used,affording selectively supramolecular scaffolds of higher nuclearity and complexity.The study of the solid-state photophysical properties of the assemblies 2 and 3 highlights enhanced and original behaviors,in which the heavy metal spin–orbit coupling values significantly influence the relaxation processes centered on the Cu(I)metal centers.展开更多
Owing to the significant number of hybrid generation systems(HGSs)containing various energy sources,coordina-tion between these sources plays a vital role in preserving frequency stability.In this paper,an adaptive co...Owing to the significant number of hybrid generation systems(HGSs)containing various energy sources,coordina-tion between these sources plays a vital role in preserving frequency stability.In this paper,an adaptive coordination control strategy for renewable energy sources(RESs),an aqua electrolyzer(AE)for hydrogen production,and a fuel cell(FC)-based energy storage system(ESS)is proposed to enhance the frequency stability of an HGS.In the proposed system,the excess energy from RESs is used to power electrolysis via an AE for hydrogen energy storage in FCs.The proposed method is based on a proportional-integral(Pl)controller,which is optimally designed using a grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm to estimate the surplus energy from RESs(ie,a proportion of total power generation of RESs:Kn).The studied HGS contains various types of generation systems including a diesel generator,wind tur-bines,photovoltaic(PV)systems,AE with FCs,and ESSs(e.g.,battery and flywheel).The proposed method varies Kn with varying frequency deviation values to obtain the best benefits from RESs,while damping the frequency fluc-tuations.The proposed method is validated by considering different loading conditions and comparing with other existing studies that consider Kn as a constant value.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method,which changes Kn value and subsequently stores the power extracted from the RESs in hydrogen energy storage according to frequency deviation changes,performs better than those that use constant Kn.The statistical analysis for frequency deviation of HGS with the proposed method has the best values and achieves large improvements for minimum,maximum,difference between maximum and minimum,mean,and standard deviation compared to the existing method.展开更多
Facing the economic challenges of significant frequency regulation wear and tear on thermal power units and short energy storage lifespan in thermal-energy storage combined systems participating in grid primary freque...Facing the economic challenges of significant frequency regulation wear and tear on thermal power units and short energy storage lifespan in thermal-energy storage combined systems participating in grid primary frequency regulation(PFR),this paper proposes a novel hybrid energy storage system(HESS)control strategy based on Newton-Raphson optimization algorithm(NRBO)-VMD and a fuzzy neural network(FNN)for PFR.In the primary power allocation stage,the high inertia and slow response of thermal power units prevent them from promptly responding to the high-frequency components of PFR signals,leading to increased mechanical stress.To address the distinct response characteristics of thermal units and HESS,an NRBO-VMD based decomposition method for PFR signals is proposed,enabling a flexible system response to grid frequency deviations.Within the HESS,an adaptive coordinated control strategy and a State of Charge(SOC)self-recovery strategy are introduced.These strategies autonomously adjust the virtual inertia and droop coefficients based on the depth of frequency regulation and the real-time SOC.Furthermore,a FNN is constructed to perform secondary refinement of the internal power distribution within the HESS.Finally,simulations under various operational conditions demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively mitigates frequent power adjustments of the thermal unit during PFR,adaptively achieves optimal power decomposition and distribution,maintains the flywheel energy storage’s SOC within an optimal range,and ensures the long-term stable operation of the HESS.展开更多
It is a striking fact that the path tracking accuracy of autonomous vehicles based on active front wheel steering is poor under high-speed and large-curvature conditions.In this study,an adaptive path tracking control...It is a striking fact that the path tracking accuracy of autonomous vehicles based on active front wheel steering is poor under high-speed and large-curvature conditions.In this study,an adaptive path tracking control strategy that coordinates active front wheel steering and direct yaw moment is proposed based on model predictive control algorithm.The recursive least square method with a forgetting factor is used to identify the rear tire cornering stiffness and update the path tracking system prediction model.To adaptively adjust the priorities of path tracking accuracy and vehicle stability,an adaptive strategy based on fuzzy rules is applied to change the weight coefficients in the cost function.An adaptive control strategy for coordinating active front steering and direct yaw moment is proposed to improve the path tracking accuracy under high-speed and large-curvature conditions.To ensure vehicle stability,the sideslip angle,yaw rate and zero moment methods are used to construct optimization constraints based on the model predictive control frame.It is verified through simulation experiments that the proposed adaptive coordinated control strategy can improve the path tracking accuracy and ensure vehicle stability under high-speed and largecurvature conditions.展开更多
In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the b...In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the battery charging voltage. The proposed adaptive coordinated control laws for the throttle angle of the engine and the voltage of the power-converter can guarantee not only the asymptotic tracking performance of the engine speed and the regulation of the battery charging voltage, but also the robust stability of the closed loop system under external load changes. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.展开更多
Preparing enzyme-like artificial hosts that can undergomulti-stimuli-responsive deformationswhile simultaneously enhancing vip reactivity remains a challenge.Here,a flexible coordination tube 1 based on semirigid fo...Preparing enzyme-like artificial hosts that can undergomulti-stimuli-responsive deformationswhile simultaneously enhancing vip reactivity remains a challenge.Here,a flexible coordination tube 1 based on semirigid four-arm ligands was prepared that could undergo multi-stimuli-responsive deformations,including temperature-driven distortions,vip-tuning deformations(e.g.,distortion,contraction,and expansion),stepwise deformations caused by vip concentrations,specific deformations synergistically induced by vips and temperatures.Moreover,tube 1 could effectively regulate the reactivity of Z-stilbene and E/Z-azoarenes throughmutual induced-fit.Inside the tube,the photoisomerization rate and photoisomerization selectivity of Z-stilbene could be enhanced simultaneously,whereby the expansion of tube 1 and the distortion of Z-stilbene occurred synergistically.For the azoarenes in tube 1,E→Z photoisomerization,Z→E photoisomerization,and Z→E thermal isomerizationwere regulated,where Z→E isomerization tended to be promoted and E→Z isomerization was inhibited because E-isomers matched tube 1 better than Z-isomers.This work provides a useful strategy for synthesizing enzymelike artificial hosts.展开更多
In order to compromise the conflicts between control accuracy and system efficiency of conventional electro-hydraulic servo systems,a novel pump-valve coordinated electro-hydraulic servo system was designed and a corr...In order to compromise the conflicts between control accuracy and system efficiency of conventional electro-hydraulic servo systems,a novel pump-valve coordinated electro-hydraulic servo system was designed and a corresponding control strategy was proposed.The system was constituted of a pumpcontrolled part and a valve-controlled part,the pump controlled part is used to adjust the flow rate of oil source and the valve controlled part is used to complete the position tracking control of the hydraulic cylinder.Based on the system characteristics,a load flow grey prediction method was adopted in the pump controlled part to reduce the system overflow losses,and an adaptive robust control method was adopted in the valve controlled part to eliminate the effect of system nonlinearity and parametric uncertainties due to variable hydraulic parameters and system loads on the control precision.The experimental results validated that the adopted control strategy increased the system efficiency obviously with guaranteed high control accuracy.展开更多
A modular multidentate ligand scaffold is crafted by strategically incorporating three pyridines(NPy)and three imines along with a pendant tertiary amine(N_(tert))around a mononuclear copper centre.This unique design ...A modular multidentate ligand scaffold is crafted by strategically incorporating three pyridines(NPy)and three imines along with a pendant tertiary amine(N_(tert))around a mononuclear copper centre.This unique design leads to the generation of a molecular copper complex C1 with a dynamically adaptive coordination environment,where multiple proton and electron movements can be accommodated.Complex C1 demonstrates rapid hydrogen generation from water across a wide pH range(pH 1.0-7.0),with a markedly enhanced catalytic performance under acidic conditions.At pH 1.0,C1 achieves high turnover numbers(TONs)of 1014±10 within 1 hour and 2980±20 over 3 hours.In operando spectroelectrochemical investigations,in conjunction with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,reveal a unique pH-dependent structural flexibility of the ligand scaffold around the Cu centre in C1.In near-neutral to slightly acidic media(pH 3.0-7.0),the protonation of an NPy group(pKa1∼11.6)following its cleavage from the Cu linkage provides the primary protonation site,which is essential for Cu-complex-driven H_(2) production catalysis.The N_(tert) group(pK_(a2)∼2.8),positioned in the outer coordination sphere of Cu,becomes involved under highly acidic conditions(pH<3.0).Here,this pendant amine acts as the initial protonation site and alters the course of the catalysis by unleashing an energetically downhill reaction pathway consisting of spontaneous electron and proton transfer steps.This pH-specific participation of the pendant N_(tert) functionality is key for the escalated HER activity by C1 under strongly acidic conditions,which is rarely observed for Cu-based molecular complexes.Complementary surface and solution-phase analyses confirm the molecular integrity of the complex,supporting a homogeneous catalytic mechanism operative throughout the hydrogen evolution process.展开更多
A thermoelectric generation(TEG)system has the weakness of relatively low thermoelectric conversion efficiency caused by heterogeneous temperature distribution(HgTD).Dynamic reconfiguration is an effective technique t...A thermoelectric generation(TEG)system has the weakness of relatively low thermoelectric conversion efficiency caused by heterogeneous temperature distribution(HgTD).Dynamic reconfiguration is an effective technique to improve its overall energy efficiency under HgTD.Nevertheless,numerous combinations of electrical switches make dynamic reconfiguration a complex combinatorial optimization problem.This paper aims to design a novel adaptive coordinated seeker(ACS)based on an optimal configuration strategy for large-scale TEG systems with series-paral-lel connected modules under HgTDs.To properly balance global exploration and local exploitation,ACS is based on'divide-and-conquer'parallel computing,which synthetically coordinates the local searching capability of tabu search(TS)and the global searching capability of a pelican optimization algorithm(POA)during iterations.In addition,an equivalent re-optimization strategy for a reconfiguration solution obtained by meta-heuristic algorithms(MhAs)is proposed to reduce redundant switching actions caused by the randomness of MhAs.Two case studies are carried out to assess the feasibility and superiority of AcS in comparison with the artificial bee colony algorithm,ant colony optimization,genetic algorithm,particle swarm optimization,simulated annealing algorithm,TS,and POA.Simulation results indicate that ACS can realize fast and stable dynamic reconfiguration of a TEG system under HgTDs.In addition,RTLAB platform-based hardware-in-the-loop experiments are carried out to further validate the hardware implemen-tation feasibility.展开更多
The setting work of backup protection using steady-state current is tedious,and mismatches occasionally occur due to the increased proportion of distributed generations(DGs)connected to the power grid.Thus,there is a ...The setting work of backup protection using steady-state current is tedious,and mismatches occasionally occur due to the increased proportion of distributed generations(DGs)connected to the power grid.Thus,there is a practical need to study a backup protection technology that does not require step-by-step setting and can be adaptively coordinated.This paper proposes an action sequence adaptive to fault positions that uses only positive sequence fault component(PSFC)voltage.Considering the influence of DGs,the unified time dial setting can be obtained by selecting specific points.The protection performance is improved by using the adjacent upstream and downstream protections to meet the coordination time interval in the case of metallic faults at the near-and far-ends of the line.Finally,the expression and implementation scheme for inverse-time backup protection(ITBP)based on the unified characteristic equation is given.Simulation results show that this scheme can adapt to DG penetration scenarios and can realize the adaptive coordination of multi-level relays.展开更多
基金Computations were performed using HPC resources from GENCI-CINES/IDRIS(Grants A0040800649 and A0060800649)the French Research Ministry and the CNRS+2 种基金support from the University of Hong Kong and the URC Strategically Oriented Research Theme on Functional Materials for Molecular Electronicssupported by the University Grants Committee Areas of Excellence(AoE)Scheme(AoE/P-03/08)a General Research Fund(GRF)grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,P.R.China(HKU 17334216).
文摘Adaptive coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry based on conformationally flexible pre-organized luminescent Cu(I)precursors paves the way to the ready formation of an intricate supramolecular scaffold possessing intrinsic luminescence properties.A formal ring extension of a tetrametallic Cu(I)metallacycle bearing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence(TADF)properties can thus be carried out,affording a new hexametallic Cu(I)metallacycle 1 bearing modulated solid-state TADF properties.Attempts to adapt this ring extension process to the formation of targeted heterometallic Au_(2)Cu_(4)and Pt_(2)Cu_(8)assemblies led to the unexpected and ready formation of the Au_(2)Cu_(10)and Pt4Cu11 derivatives 2 and 3,respectively.These outcomes strengthen the scope and perspectives of adaptive coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry compared to those of conventional coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry.Indeed,it guides concerted intramolecular fragmentation and redistribution of the particular building blocks used,affording selectively supramolecular scaffolds of higher nuclearity and complexity.The study of the solid-state photophysical properties of the assemblies 2 and 3 highlights enhanced and original behaviors,in which the heavy metal spin–orbit coupling values significantly influence the relaxation processes centered on the Cu(I)metal centers.
文摘Owing to the significant number of hybrid generation systems(HGSs)containing various energy sources,coordina-tion between these sources plays a vital role in preserving frequency stability.In this paper,an adaptive coordination control strategy for renewable energy sources(RESs),an aqua electrolyzer(AE)for hydrogen production,and a fuel cell(FC)-based energy storage system(ESS)is proposed to enhance the frequency stability of an HGS.In the proposed system,the excess energy from RESs is used to power electrolysis via an AE for hydrogen energy storage in FCs.The proposed method is based on a proportional-integral(Pl)controller,which is optimally designed using a grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm to estimate the surplus energy from RESs(ie,a proportion of total power generation of RESs:Kn).The studied HGS contains various types of generation systems including a diesel generator,wind tur-bines,photovoltaic(PV)systems,AE with FCs,and ESSs(e.g.,battery and flywheel).The proposed method varies Kn with varying frequency deviation values to obtain the best benefits from RESs,while damping the frequency fluc-tuations.The proposed method is validated by considering different loading conditions and comparing with other existing studies that consider Kn as a constant value.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method,which changes Kn value and subsequently stores the power extracted from the RESs in hydrogen energy storage according to frequency deviation changes,performs better than those that use constant Kn.The statistical analysis for frequency deviation of HGS with the proposed method has the best values and achieves large improvements for minimum,maximum,difference between maximum and minimum,mean,and standard deviation compared to the existing method.
基金supported by the Lanzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(XM1753694781389).
文摘Facing the economic challenges of significant frequency regulation wear and tear on thermal power units and short energy storage lifespan in thermal-energy storage combined systems participating in grid primary frequency regulation(PFR),this paper proposes a novel hybrid energy storage system(HESS)control strategy based on Newton-Raphson optimization algorithm(NRBO)-VMD and a fuzzy neural network(FNN)for PFR.In the primary power allocation stage,the high inertia and slow response of thermal power units prevent them from promptly responding to the high-frequency components of PFR signals,leading to increased mechanical stress.To address the distinct response characteristics of thermal units and HESS,an NRBO-VMD based decomposition method for PFR signals is proposed,enabling a flexible system response to grid frequency deviations.Within the HESS,an adaptive coordinated control strategy and a State of Charge(SOC)self-recovery strategy are introduced.These strategies autonomously adjust the virtual inertia and droop coefficients based on the depth of frequency regulation and the real-time SOC.Furthermore,a FNN is constructed to perform secondary refinement of the internal power distribution within the HESS.Finally,simulations under various operational conditions demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively mitigates frequent power adjustments of the thermal unit during PFR,adaptively achieves optimal power decomposition and distribution,maintains the flywheel energy storage’s SOC within an optimal range,and ensures the long-term stable operation of the HESS.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced ManufacturingMeasuring and Control Technology(Beijing Jiaotong University)+1 种基金Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.014062522006)National Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0103701)。
文摘It is a striking fact that the path tracking accuracy of autonomous vehicles based on active front wheel steering is poor under high-speed and large-curvature conditions.In this study,an adaptive path tracking control strategy that coordinates active front wheel steering and direct yaw moment is proposed based on model predictive control algorithm.The recursive least square method with a forgetting factor is used to identify the rear tire cornering stiffness and update the path tracking system prediction model.To adaptively adjust the priorities of path tracking accuracy and vehicle stability,an adaptive strategy based on fuzzy rules is applied to change the weight coefficients in the cost function.An adaptive control strategy for coordinating active front steering and direct yaw moment is proposed to improve the path tracking accuracy under high-speed and large-curvature conditions.To ensure vehicle stability,the sideslip angle,yaw rate and zero moment methods are used to construct optimization constraints based on the model predictive control frame.It is verified through simulation experiments that the proposed adaptive coordinated control strategy can improve the path tracking accuracy and ensure vehicle stability under high-speed and largecurvature conditions.
文摘In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the battery charging voltage. The proposed adaptive coordinated control laws for the throttle angle of the engine and the voltage of the power-converter can guarantee not only the asymptotic tracking performance of the engine speed and the regulation of the battery charging voltage, but also the robust stability of the closed loop system under external load changes. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant nos.2021YFA1500400 and 2018YFA0704500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22471267)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(grant no.2023J06046)the Selfdeployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.CXZX-2022-GH06).
文摘Preparing enzyme-like artificial hosts that can undergomulti-stimuli-responsive deformationswhile simultaneously enhancing vip reactivity remains a challenge.Here,a flexible coordination tube 1 based on semirigid four-arm ligands was prepared that could undergo multi-stimuli-responsive deformations,including temperature-driven distortions,vip-tuning deformations(e.g.,distortion,contraction,and expansion),stepwise deformations caused by vip concentrations,specific deformations synergistically induced by vips and temperatures.Moreover,tube 1 could effectively regulate the reactivity of Z-stilbene and E/Z-azoarenes throughmutual induced-fit.Inside the tube,the photoisomerization rate and photoisomerization selectivity of Z-stilbene could be enhanced simultaneously,whereby the expansion of tube 1 and the distortion of Z-stilbene occurred synergistically.For the azoarenes in tube 1,E→Z photoisomerization,Z→E photoisomerization,and Z→E thermal isomerizationwere regulated,where Z→E isomerization tended to be promoted and E→Z isomerization was inhibited because E-isomers matched tube 1 better than Z-isomers.This work provides a useful strategy for synthesizing enzymelike artificial hosts.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents In University(NCET-12-0049)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4132034)
文摘In order to compromise the conflicts between control accuracy and system efficiency of conventional electro-hydraulic servo systems,a novel pump-valve coordinated electro-hydraulic servo system was designed and a corresponding control strategy was proposed.The system was constituted of a pumpcontrolled part and a valve-controlled part,the pump controlled part is used to adjust the flow rate of oil source and the valve controlled part is used to complete the position tracking control of the hydraulic cylinder.Based on the system characteristics,a load flow grey prediction method was adopted in the pump controlled part to reduce the system overflow losses,and an adaptive robust control method was adopted in the valve controlled part to eliminate the effect of system nonlinearity and parametric uncertainties due to variable hydraulic parameters and system loads on the control precision.The experimental results validated that the adopted control strategy increased the system efficiency obviously with guaranteed high control accuracy.
基金the experimental facility and financial support provided by the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay(IITB).N.A.S.would like to thank UGC for the fellowship[Ref no.:96/(CSIR-UGC NET JUNE 2019)]A.D.would like to thank the support provided by the Department of Science and Technology,Science and Engineering Research Board(DST-SERB)+1 种基金India,for the core research grant(CRG/2020/001239)We gratefully acknowledge National Center for Advanced Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy(ACERT)for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR)under grant numbers R24GM146107 and R35GM148272.
文摘A modular multidentate ligand scaffold is crafted by strategically incorporating three pyridines(NPy)and three imines along with a pendant tertiary amine(N_(tert))around a mononuclear copper centre.This unique design leads to the generation of a molecular copper complex C1 with a dynamically adaptive coordination environment,where multiple proton and electron movements can be accommodated.Complex C1 demonstrates rapid hydrogen generation from water across a wide pH range(pH 1.0-7.0),with a markedly enhanced catalytic performance under acidic conditions.At pH 1.0,C1 achieves high turnover numbers(TONs)of 1014±10 within 1 hour and 2980±20 over 3 hours.In operando spectroelectrochemical investigations,in conjunction with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,reveal a unique pH-dependent structural flexibility of the ligand scaffold around the Cu centre in C1.In near-neutral to slightly acidic media(pH 3.0-7.0),the protonation of an NPy group(pKa1∼11.6)following its cleavage from the Cu linkage provides the primary protonation site,which is essential for Cu-complex-driven H_(2) production catalysis.The N_(tert) group(pK_(a2)∼2.8),positioned in the outer coordination sphere of Cu,becomes involved under highly acidic conditions(pH<3.0).Here,this pendant amine acts as the initial protonation site and alters the course of the catalysis by unleashing an energetically downhill reaction pathway consisting of spontaneous electron and proton transfer steps.This pH-specific participation of the pendant N_(tert) functionality is key for the escalated HER activity by C1 under strongly acidic conditions,which is rarely observed for Cu-based molecular complexes.Complementary surface and solution-phase analyses confirm the molecular integrity of the complex,supporting a homogeneous catalytic mechanism operative throughout the hydrogen evolution process.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61963020).
文摘A thermoelectric generation(TEG)system has the weakness of relatively low thermoelectric conversion efficiency caused by heterogeneous temperature distribution(HgTD).Dynamic reconfiguration is an effective technique to improve its overall energy efficiency under HgTD.Nevertheless,numerous combinations of electrical switches make dynamic reconfiguration a complex combinatorial optimization problem.This paper aims to design a novel adaptive coordinated seeker(ACS)based on an optimal configuration strategy for large-scale TEG systems with series-paral-lel connected modules under HgTDs.To properly balance global exploration and local exploitation,ACS is based on'divide-and-conquer'parallel computing,which synthetically coordinates the local searching capability of tabu search(TS)and the global searching capability of a pelican optimization algorithm(POA)during iterations.In addition,an equivalent re-optimization strategy for a reconfiguration solution obtained by meta-heuristic algorithms(MhAs)is proposed to reduce redundant switching actions caused by the randomness of MhAs.Two case studies are carried out to assess the feasibility and superiority of AcS in comparison with the artificial bee colony algorithm,ant colony optimization,genetic algorithm,particle swarm optimization,simulated annealing algorithm,TS,and POA.Simulation results indicate that ACS can realize fast and stable dynamic reconfiguration of a TEG system under HgTDs.In addition,RTLAB platform-based hardware-in-the-loop experiments are carried out to further validate the hardware implemen-tation feasibility.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-UKRI_EPSRC)(No.52061635105)in part by the Science and Technology Program of SGCC(No.5100-202040327A-0-0-00).
文摘The setting work of backup protection using steady-state current is tedious,and mismatches occasionally occur due to the increased proportion of distributed generations(DGs)connected to the power grid.Thus,there is a practical need to study a backup protection technology that does not require step-by-step setting and can be adaptively coordinated.This paper proposes an action sequence adaptive to fault positions that uses only positive sequence fault component(PSFC)voltage.Considering the influence of DGs,the unified time dial setting can be obtained by selecting specific points.The protection performance is improved by using the adjacent upstream and downstream protections to meet the coordination time interval in the case of metallic faults at the near-and far-ends of the line.Finally,the expression and implementation scheme for inverse-time backup protection(ITBP)based on the unified characteristic equation is given.Simulation results show that this scheme can adapt to DG penetration scenarios and can realize the adaptive coordination of multi-level relays.
