This paper addresses the shortcomings of the Sparrow and Eagle Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) in terms of convergence accuracy, convergence speed, and susceptibility to local optima. To this end, an improved Sparrow an...This paper addresses the shortcomings of the Sparrow and Eagle Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) in terms of convergence accuracy, convergence speed, and susceptibility to local optima. To this end, an improved Sparrow and Eagle Optimization Algorithm (HS-SBOA) is proposed. Initially, the algorithm employs Iterative Mapping to generate an initial sparrow and eagle population, enhancing the diversity of the population during the global search phase. Subsequently, an adaptive weighting strategy is introduced during the exploration phase of the algorithm to achieve a balance between exploration and exploitation. Finally, to avoid the algorithm falling into local optima, a Cauchy mutation operation is applied to the current best individual. To validate the performance of the HS-SBOA algorithm, it was applied to the CEC2021 benchmark function set and three practical engineering problems, and compared with other optimization algorithms such as the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to test the effectiveness of the improved algorithm. The simulation experimental results show that the HS-SBOA algorithm demonstrates significant advantages in terms of convergence speed and accuracy, thereby validating the effectiveness of its improved strategies.展开更多
Engineering optimization problems are often characterized by high dimensionality,constraints,and complex,multimodal landscapes.Traditional deterministic methods frequently struggle under such conditions,prompting incr...Engineering optimization problems are often characterized by high dimensionality,constraints,and complex,multimodal landscapes.Traditional deterministic methods frequently struggle under such conditions,prompting increased interest in swarm intelligence algorithms.Among these,the Cuckoo Search(CS)algorithm stands out for its promising global search capabilities.However,it often suffers from premature convergence when tackling complex problems.To address this limitation,this paper proposes a Grouped Dynamic Adaptive CS(GDACS)algorithm.Theenhancements incorporated intoGDACS can be summarized into two key aspects.Firstly,a chaotic map is employed to generate initial solutions,leveraging the inherent randomness of chaotic sequences to ensure a more uniform distribution across the search space and enhance population diversity from the outset.Secondly,Cauchy and Levy strategies replace the standard CS population update.This strategy involves evaluating the fitness of candidate solutions to dynamically group the population based on performance.Different step-size adaptation strategies are then applied to distinct groups,enabling an adaptive search mechanism that balances exploration and exploitation.Experiments were conducted on six benchmark functions and four constrained engineering design problems,and the results indicate that the proposed GDACS achieves good search efficiency and produces more accurate optimization results compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.展开更多
Federated Learning(FL)protects data privacy through a distributed training mechanism,yet its decentralized nature also introduces new security vulnerabilities.Backdoor attacks inject malicious triggers into the global...Federated Learning(FL)protects data privacy through a distributed training mechanism,yet its decentralized nature also introduces new security vulnerabilities.Backdoor attacks inject malicious triggers into the global model through compromised updates,posing significant threats to model integrity and becoming a key focus in FL security.Existing backdoor attack methods typically embed triggers directly into original images and consider only data heterogeneity,resulting in limited stealth and adaptability.To address the heterogeneity of malicious client devices,this paper proposes a novel backdoor attack method named Capability-Adaptive Shadow Backdoor Attack(CASBA).By incorporating measurements of clients’computational and communication capabilities,CASBA employs a dynamic hierarchical attack strategy that adaptively aligns attack intensity with available resources.Furthermore,an improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DCGAN)is integrated into the attack pipeline to embed triggers without modifying original data,significantly enhancing stealthiness.Comparative experiments with Shadow Backdoor Attack(SBA)across multiple scenarios demonstrate that CASBA dynamically adjusts resource consumption based on device capabilities,reducing average memory usage per iteration by 5.8%.CASBA improves resource efficiency while keeping the drop in attack success rate within 3%.Additionally,the effectiveness of CASBA against three robust FL algorithms is also validated.展开更多
Managing severe burns remains problematic due to the lack of specialized units, but also because of the delay in implementing emergency care. The aim is to show that an adapted strategy, can lead to satisfying managem...Managing severe burns remains problematic due to the lack of specialized units, but also because of the delay in implementing emergency care. The aim is to show that an adapted strategy, can lead to satisfying management of chemical burns. The authors report retrospectively the case of a patient admitted for chemical burns, and treated in a non-specialized intensive care unit;a 38 years old male, referred for burns by sulfuric acid at his workplace. On admission to H15, the clinic did not reveal any vital organs failure. Burns were localized on two legs and soles of the two feet (18% TBSA). Treatment combined daily dressings with silver sulfadiazine. On day 14, the wound healing associated occlusive gauze dressing, iodine cream application, and mechanical debridement. On day 47, a 5% dermal autograft performed on right foot favored with good attachment grafts. On day 58, the patient was released after complete skin recovery. Then, in a non-specialized burn unit and without early surgery access, our wound healing adapted strategy was successful. In Senegal, chemical burns represent about 2.5% of burn cases. They are often from accidents on occupation job, while generally in Africa chemical burns result from criminal attacks. Patients with severe lesions are admitted in non-specialized environments after an extended time of transfer, and don’t have efficient initial care. This may explain the high morbidity and mortality after burns in our country. The lack of surgical facilities such as skin substitutes, in non-specialized unit on low or median income countries (LMICs), explains this long period of wound healing. The treatment of severe burn in LMICs is hazardous.展开更多
Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)technology can eliminate the blind spots of terrestrial ADS-B systems because of its global coverage capability.However,the space-based ADS-B system faces n...Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)technology can eliminate the blind spots of terrestrial ADS-B systems because of its global coverage capability.However,the space-based ADS-B system faces new problems such as extremely low Signal-toNoise Ratio(SNR)and serious co-channel interference,which result in long update intervals.To minimize the position message update interval at an update probability of 95%with full coverage constraint,this paper presents an optimization model of digital multi-beamforming for space-based ADS-B.Then,a coevolution method DECCG_A&A is proposed to enhance the optimization efficiency by using an improved adaptive grouping strategy.The strategy is based on the locations of uncovered areas and the aircraft density under the coverage of each beam.Simulation results show that the update interval can be effectively controlled to be below 8 seconds compared with other existing methods,and DECCG_A&A is superior in convergence to the Genetic Algorithm(GA)as well as the coevolution algorithms using other grouping strategies.Overall,the proposed optimization model and method can significantly reduce the update interval,thus improving the surveillance performance of space-based ADS-B for air traffic control.展开更多
It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, ...It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.展开更多
When multiphysics coupling calculations contain time-dependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, these simulations often account for the largest part of the calculation time, which is insufferable in certain...When multiphysics coupling calculations contain time-dependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, these simulations often account for the largest part of the calculation time, which is insufferable in certain important cases. This study proposes an adaptive strategy for automatically adjusting the sample size to fulfil more reasonable simulations. This is realized based on an extension of the Shannon entropy concept and is essentially different from the popular methods in timeindependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, such as controlling the sample size according to the relative error of a target tally or by experience. The results of the two models show that this strategy can yield almost similar results while significantly reducing the calculation time. Considering the efficiency, the sample size should not be increased blindly if the efficiency cannot be enhanced further. The strategy proposed herein satisfies this requirement.展开更多
This paper reviews assessment of climate change impacts on economy, society and ecological environment in the coastal areas of South China based on published literatures; it also proposes suitable adaptation strategie...This paper reviews assessment of climate change impacts on economy, society and ecological environment in the coastal areas of South China based on published literatures; it also proposes suitable adaptation strategies and counter- measures. Review shows that climate change has resulted in sea level rise in the coastal areas of South China, increasing the occurrence and intensity of storm surges, aggravating the influence of saltwater intrusion, coastal erosion, urban drainage and flood control, threatening the coastal facility and infrastructures, inundating lowland areas, offsetting mudflat silting, and degrading mangroves and corm reef ecosystem. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effects of climate change and to support the sustainable development in the coastal areas of South China, it is critical to improve the monitoring and early warning system, enhance prevention criteria, fortify coastal protection engineering, strengthen saltwater prevention, and reinforce the ecological restoration and protection.展开更多
Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are currently being considered as ideal means to solve the energy crisis and global warming in today’s society.In this context,this paper proposes a method to solve the problem rela...Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are currently being considered as ideal means to solve the energy crisis and global warming in today’s society.In this context,this paper proposes a method to solve the problem related to the dependence of the so-called optimal equivalent factor(determined in the framework of the equivalent consumption minimum strategy-ECMS)on the working conditions.The simulation results show that under typical conditions(some representative cities being considered),the proposed strategy can maintain the power balance;for different initial battery’s states of charge(SOC),after the SOC stabilizes,the fuel consumption is 5.25 L/100 km.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to test the reliability and validity of questionnaire on the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin.[Method]A questionnaire on'the adaptation strategy of cryosp...[Objective]The aim was to test the reliability and validity of questionnaire on the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin.[Method]A questionnaire on'the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin'was carried out in Urumchi River basin and Aksu River basin,and its reliability and validity were tested by means of statistical method,so as to investigate the stability and accuracy of questionnaire.[Result]Reliability analysis of questionnaire showed that the split-half reliability coefficient of questionnaire in Urumchi River basin and Aksu River basin was 0.729 and 0.750,respectively,and Cronbach’sαreliability coefficient was 0.613 and 0.616,respectively,which revealed that the questionnaire had good equivalence and internal consistency which reflected good reliability and stability.According to validity analysis on questionnaire,there was significant correlation between the score of most questions and questionnaire,and it indicated that questionnaire had high content validity.There were 8 common factors collected from 26 questions,which were summarized as agricultural planting,agricultural water conservation,life satisfaction,cultivated land variation,social integration sense,climate and cryosphere changes,capital input improved by environment and family economic condition,respectively.Meanwhile,the contribution rate of various questions in corresponding indexes was higher,and reflected structure was in full accord with questionnaire content,which revealed that questionnaire owned good construct validity.[Conclusion]With higher stability and accuracy,the questionnaire could determine the desired topic and content and was suitable for the study on the perception of common people and choices of adaptive strategy under cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin in northwestern China.展开更多
Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some...Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some scholars tend to believe that the unfavorable factors play a dominant role. This conclusion comes from the "new moonshape encirclement" already existing since the Cold War in America,展开更多
This article examines the effects of climate change on archaeological sites, using as a case study the archaeological site of Ancient Messene in Greece, and proposes an integrated adaptation strategy. In order to dete...This article examines the effects of climate change on archaeological sites, using as a case study the archaeological site of Ancient Messene in Greece, and proposes an integrated adaptation strategy. In order to determine the site’s most significant risks, a climate data analysis was conducted, taking into account three different climate emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) and two future periods (2031-2060, 2071-2100). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability assessment methodology was adopted to assess the vulnerability of the archaeological site to the effects of climate change. This is the first time such a methodology has been followed in Greece. The analysis revealed that the site’s critical hazards are fire, desertification, and flooding. The geographical location of the site in an intensely dry microclimate and the lack of safe and functional electromechanical and road infrastructure increase its vulnerability. The materials of the monuments are indirectly and directly impacted by climate change, whereas the vegetation is negatively impacted by the frequency of extreme events, especially wildfires. Based on the analysis results, a five-axis adaptation strategy was developed.展开更多
Economic impact of climate extremes on beef operation is expected to be significant due to its direct impact on feed production. Impact of such events on farm management and longer term farm financial situation is rel...Economic impact of climate extremes on beef operation is expected to be significant due to its direct impact on feed production. Impact of such events on farm management and longer term farm financial situation is relatively unstudied in the Canadian Prairie. This study compared three alternative beef herd management strategies in dealing with climate extreme events under reference climate scenario of 1971-2000 and the future scenario of 2041-2070. The study used farm simulation model that integrated the model of cattle herd simulation, pasture model, crop simulation model combined with models of economic decisions. Purchasing feed and maintaining herd size is preferred option in dealing with drought Changes in management such as early weaning combined with limit feeding strategies reduce the feed demand and also reduce the financial burden during the years of extreme event, but it has severe negative consequences on amount of slaughter cattle sold. Cull herd strategy not only reduces feed demand but also increases income from sell of herd during the year/s of extreme event, but it severely impacts the farm＇s long term output supply potential. However, expansion of existing agriculture risk management policy to cover climate risk in beef production is necessary to support farmers in the year/s to extreme events.展开更多
A hybrid strategy is proposed to solve the problems of poor population diversity, insufficient convergence accuracy and susceptibility to local optimal values in the original Arctic Puffin Optimization (APO) algorithm...A hybrid strategy is proposed to solve the problems of poor population diversity, insufficient convergence accuracy and susceptibility to local optimal values in the original Arctic Puffin Optimization (APO) algorithm, Enhanced Tangent Flight Adaptive Arctic Puffin Optimization with Elite initialization and Adaptive t-distribution Mutation (ETAAPO). Elite initialization improves initial population quality and accelerates convergence. Tangent Flight of the Tangent search algorithm replaces Levy Flight to balance local search and global exploration. The adaptive t-distribution mutation strategy enhances the optimization ability. ETAAPO was tested on CEC2021 functions, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and engineering problems, demonstrating superior optimization performance and faster convergence.展开更多
Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in...Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in regions where wheat cultivation is challenging or unfeasible.To clarify its drought adaptation mechanisms,we analyzed the effects of moderate soil drought on growth,hormonal homeostasis,and the dynamics and distribution of free amino acids and phenolic compounds in rye at early vegetative stages and post-recovery.Drought triggered both general and organ-specific changes in endogenous phytohormones.A nonspecific response involved the accumulation of stress hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA),alongside the suppression of growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins.However,hormone dynamics and localization varied across plant organs.ABA and SA levels significantly increased in shoots of drought-stressed and recovered plants,corresponding with inhibited growth.Prolonged drought further enhanced ABA accumulation in both shoots and roots of recovered plants,while SA levels declined in roots but remained elevated in shoots.Drought also caused a substantial reduction in IAA,particularly in shoots,while gibberellins(GA_(3)+GA_(4))significantly decreased in roots.GA_(3)was predominant in most samples,except in the shoots of 2-day-old control plants.Post-recovery,IAA levels increased but remained below control values,while GA_(4)accumulation in roots led to a rise in total gibberellin levels.In contrast,shoot GA_(3)+GA_(4)levels declined,primarily due to GA_(3)reduction.The dominant free amino acids:aspartic acid,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and leucinedecreased significantly,underscoring their key role in stress adaptation.Increased flavonoid accumulation,especially in roots,suggests their involvement in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.A significant increase in ABA and SA levels,along with a marked reduction in IAA and GA content in stressed rye plants occurred alongside a reduction in free amino acid content,accumulation of phenolic compounds,and an increase in flavonoid levels.These findings indicate distinct adaptation strategies in rye shoots and roots undermoderate soil drought.They provide a foundation for further research on drought resistance mechanisms in cereals and the development of strategies to enhance their adaptive potential.展开更多
Climate change poses a significant threat to Nigeria's agricultural sector,which is a cornerstone of its economy and food security.The increasing frequency of extreme weather events,erratic rainfall patterns,and r...Climate change poses a significant threat to Nigeria's agricultural sector,which is a cornerstone of its economy and food security.The increasing frequency of extreme weather events,erratic rainfall patterns,and rising temperatures have disrupted agricultural productivity,threatening the livelihoods of millions of Nigerians.Through a comprehensive literature review,synthesizing data from peer-reviewed journals,institutional reports,and credible online sources from 2000 to 2023,this study aims to explore the multi-faceted impacts of climate variability on agricultural production,livestock,fisheries,and food security in Nigeria,and to identify effective adaptation strategies to mitigate these impacts.The findings reveal that climate change has significantly disrupted agricultural productivity in Nigeria,with erratic rainfall,rising temperatures,and extreme weather events leading to reduced crop yields,increased pest and disease pressure,and land degradation.Vulnerable crops such as maize,cassava,and rice are particularly affected,while livestock production faces challenges such as heat stress and reduced feed availability.The fisheries sector is also impacted,with shrinking water resources and increasing contamination levels threatening livelihoods.Adaptation strategies,including crop diversification,improved irrigation,and indigenous knowledge practices,offer some resilience but require substantial policy and financial support.The study highlights the urgency of implementing climate-smart agricultural practices,enhancing infrastructure,and promoting public-private partnerships to mitigate climate-induced risks.Recommendations align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)2(Zero Hunger),13(Climate Action),and 15(Life on Land),emphasizing the need for sustainable agricultural practices,ecosystem preservation,and adaptive policy frameworks to ensure food security and economic stability in Nigeria.This study provides valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on Nigeria's agricultural sector and offers practical recommendations for building resilience and ensuring sustainable food systems.It reveals the importance of collaborative efforts at all levels to address the challenges posed by climate change and safeguard the nation's agricultural heritage for future generations.展开更多
Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is a globally important legume crop valued for its nutritional content and adaptability.Establishing a robust root system during early growth is critical for optimal nutrient uptake,shoot devel...Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is a globally important legume crop valued for its nutritional content and adaptability.Establishing a robust root system during early growth is critical for optimal nutrient uptake,shoot development,and increased resistance to biotic stress.This study evaluated the effects of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)on root and shoot development in two bean cultivars,Onceler-98 and Topcu,during the seedling stage.IBA was applied at four concentrations:0(control),50,100,and 150μM.Morphological parameters measured included root length(RL),root fresh weight(RFW),root dry weight(RDW),root nodule number(RNN),shoot length(SL),shoot fresh weight(SFW),and shoot dry weight(SDW).The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with four replications.Significant(p≤0.05)and highly significant(p≤0.01)differences were observed across treatments and cultivars.The results indicated that Onceler-98 generally responded more favorably to IBA application,with optimal growth performance observed at 100μM.In contrast,Topcu was less responsive to IBA overall,and high concentrations-particularly 150μM-tended to suppress nodule formation.展开更多
This paper presents a vision-based navigation framework for micro air vehicles(MAVs)operating in confined warehouse environments.To address the trade-off between low localization accuracy in mapless methods and high c...This paper presents a vision-based navigation framework for micro air vehicles(MAVs)operating in confined warehouse environments.To address the trade-off between low localization accuracy in mapless methods and high computational demands in map-based approaches,the proposed system leverages topology-aware path guidance using monocular vision.Navigation is driven by a digital instruction format(DIF)that encodes both the path index and target junction,enabling autonomous navigation without environmental modifications.The framework comprises a cascaded perception-encoding-control pipeline.For structured paths,foreground pixel density trend analysis with sliding window smoothing for robust junction recognition,while lateral proportionalintegral-derivative(PID)control ensures accurate path tracking.For geometric trajectories,the control logic incorporates L-junction triggers,fixed-angle turns,and spatial yaw correction to accommodate sharp corners and curved segments.ROS-Gazebo simulations validate the method’s effectiveness,achieving up to 94.40%junction recognition accuracy(92.01%on average),trajectory tracking errors below 0.1 m,and terminal localization deviations under 0.2 m.These results validate the method’s accuracy,stability,and suitability for computationally constrained MAV platforms in warehouse automation.展开更多
In this paper,we study the problem of sampling complexity for channel discrimination with respect to two different strategies:product strategy and adaptive strategy.We first formally introduce the definitions of the s...In this paper,we study the problem of sampling complexity for channel discrimination with respect to two different strategies:product strategy and adaptive strategy.We first formally introduce the definitions of the sampling complexity of the channels under the framework of hypothesis testing,wherein the goal is to determine the minimum number of samples needed to reach a desired error probability.We then establish the lower and upper bounds on the sampling complexity of the symmetric,asymmetric,and error exponent hypothesis testing settings.We show that,by imposing product strategy on testing,the bounds are always characterized by the generalized channel divergence,while with adaptive strategy,the bounds are characterized by the amortized channel divergence.Finally,we analyze two concrete examples,and obtain that the adaptive strategy can not lead to an advantage to the problem of determining the sampling complexity for classical-quantum channels,which can bring advantages for generalized amplitude damping channels.展开更多
Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typicall...Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes:barn feeding(BF)and traditional grazing(TG).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology,microbiome,metabolome,and transcriptome.Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups(BF vs.TG).At the end of the experiment,rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation.Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep.Results The ruminal papilla height,width,and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group.The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group,whereas Rikenellaceae,Gracilibacteria,and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group.Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups,including upregulated compounds in BF group(fumaric acid,maltose,L-phenylalanine,and L-alanine)and TG group(e.g.,phenylacetic acid,salicyluric acid and ferulic acid).These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways.Additionally,210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in rumen epithelium:100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways(e.g.,fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway),while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways(e.g.,p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism).Conclusions Among these,we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions.In the BF group,Tibetan sheep adopted a"metabolic efficiency-priority"strategy,driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth.In contrast,the TG group exhibited an"environmental adaptation-priority"strategy,where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions,reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.展开更多
文摘This paper addresses the shortcomings of the Sparrow and Eagle Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) in terms of convergence accuracy, convergence speed, and susceptibility to local optima. To this end, an improved Sparrow and Eagle Optimization Algorithm (HS-SBOA) is proposed. Initially, the algorithm employs Iterative Mapping to generate an initial sparrow and eagle population, enhancing the diversity of the population during the global search phase. Subsequently, an adaptive weighting strategy is introduced during the exploration phase of the algorithm to achieve a balance between exploration and exploitation. Finally, to avoid the algorithm falling into local optima, a Cauchy mutation operation is applied to the current best individual. To validate the performance of the HS-SBOA algorithm, it was applied to the CEC2021 benchmark function set and three practical engineering problems, and compared with other optimization algorithms such as the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to test the effectiveness of the improved algorithm. The simulation experimental results show that the HS-SBOA algorithm demonstrates significant advantages in terms of convergence speed and accuracy, thereby validating the effectiveness of its improved strategies.
基金supported in part by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(MOHE)through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)Ref:FRGS/1/2024/ICT02/UTM/02/10,Vot.No:R.J130000.7828.5F748the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(Nos.22B1046 and 24A0771).
文摘Engineering optimization problems are often characterized by high dimensionality,constraints,and complex,multimodal landscapes.Traditional deterministic methods frequently struggle under such conditions,prompting increased interest in swarm intelligence algorithms.Among these,the Cuckoo Search(CS)algorithm stands out for its promising global search capabilities.However,it often suffers from premature convergence when tackling complex problems.To address this limitation,this paper proposes a Grouped Dynamic Adaptive CS(GDACS)algorithm.Theenhancements incorporated intoGDACS can be summarized into two key aspects.Firstly,a chaotic map is employed to generate initial solutions,leveraging the inherent randomness of chaotic sequences to ensure a more uniform distribution across the search space and enhance population diversity from the outset.Secondly,Cauchy and Levy strategies replace the standard CS population update.This strategy involves evaluating the fitness of candidate solutions to dynamically group the population based on performance.Different step-size adaptation strategies are then applied to distinct groups,enabling an adaptive search mechanism that balances exploration and exploitation.Experiments were conducted on six benchmark functions and four constrained engineering design problems,and the results indicate that the proposed GDACS achieves good search efficiency and produces more accurate optimization results compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62172123)the Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province,China(GrantNo.2022ZX01A36).
文摘Federated Learning(FL)protects data privacy through a distributed training mechanism,yet its decentralized nature also introduces new security vulnerabilities.Backdoor attacks inject malicious triggers into the global model through compromised updates,posing significant threats to model integrity and becoming a key focus in FL security.Existing backdoor attack methods typically embed triggers directly into original images and consider only data heterogeneity,resulting in limited stealth and adaptability.To address the heterogeneity of malicious client devices,this paper proposes a novel backdoor attack method named Capability-Adaptive Shadow Backdoor Attack(CASBA).By incorporating measurements of clients’computational and communication capabilities,CASBA employs a dynamic hierarchical attack strategy that adaptively aligns attack intensity with available resources.Furthermore,an improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DCGAN)is integrated into the attack pipeline to embed triggers without modifying original data,significantly enhancing stealthiness.Comparative experiments with Shadow Backdoor Attack(SBA)across multiple scenarios demonstrate that CASBA dynamically adjusts resource consumption based on device capabilities,reducing average memory usage per iteration by 5.8%.CASBA improves resource efficiency while keeping the drop in attack success rate within 3%.Additionally,the effectiveness of CASBA against three robust FL algorithms is also validated.
文摘Managing severe burns remains problematic due to the lack of specialized units, but also because of the delay in implementing emergency care. The aim is to show that an adapted strategy, can lead to satisfying management of chemical burns. The authors report retrospectively the case of a patient admitted for chemical burns, and treated in a non-specialized intensive care unit;a 38 years old male, referred for burns by sulfuric acid at his workplace. On admission to H15, the clinic did not reveal any vital organs failure. Burns were localized on two legs and soles of the two feet (18% TBSA). Treatment combined daily dressings with silver sulfadiazine. On day 14, the wound healing associated occlusive gauze dressing, iodine cream application, and mechanical debridement. On day 47, a 5% dermal autograft performed on right foot favored with good attachment grafts. On day 58, the patient was released after complete skin recovery. Then, in a non-specialized burn unit and without early surgery access, our wound healing adapted strategy was successful. In Senegal, chemical burns represent about 2.5% of burn cases. They are often from accidents on occupation job, while generally in Africa chemical burns result from criminal attacks. Patients with severe lesions are admitted in non-specialized environments after an extended time of transfer, and don’t have efficient initial care. This may explain the high morbidity and mortality after burns in our country. The lack of surgical facilities such as skin substitutes, in non-specialized unit on low or median income countries (LMICs), explains this long period of wound healing. The treatment of severe burn in LMICs is hazardous.
文摘Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)technology can eliminate the blind spots of terrestrial ADS-B systems because of its global coverage capability.However,the space-based ADS-B system faces new problems such as extremely low Signal-toNoise Ratio(SNR)and serious co-channel interference,which result in long update intervals.To minimize the position message update interval at an update probability of 95%with full coverage constraint,this paper presents an optimization model of digital multi-beamforming for space-based ADS-B.Then,a coevolution method DECCG_A&A is proposed to enhance the optimization efficiency by using an improved adaptive grouping strategy.The strategy is based on the locations of uncovered areas and the aircraft density under the coverage of each beam.Simulation results show that the update interval can be effectively controlled to be below 8 seconds compared with other existing methods,and DECCG_A&A is superior in convergence to the Genetic Algorithm(GA)as well as the coevolution algorithms using other grouping strategies.Overall,the proposed optimization model and method can significantly reduce the update interval,thus improving the surveillance performance of space-based ADS-B for air traffic control.
文摘It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.
基金supported by the CAEP Found (No.CX20200028)Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11705011).
文摘When multiphysics coupling calculations contain time-dependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, these simulations often account for the largest part of the calculation time, which is insufferable in certain important cases. This study proposes an adaptive strategy for automatically adjusting the sample size to fulfil more reasonable simulations. This is realized based on an extension of the Shannon entropy concept and is essentially different from the popular methods in timeindependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, such as controlling the sample size according to the relative error of a target tally or by experience. The results of the two models show that this strategy can yield almost similar results while significantly reducing the calculation time. Considering the efficiency, the sample size should not be increased blindly if the efficiency cannot be enhanced further. The strategy proposed herein satisfies this requirement.
基金supported by the Special Climate Change Research Program of China Meteorological Administration(No.CCSF-09-11,CCSF2011-25,and CCSF201307)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2011A030200021)
文摘This paper reviews assessment of climate change impacts on economy, society and ecological environment in the coastal areas of South China based on published literatures; it also proposes suitable adaptation strategies and counter- measures. Review shows that climate change has resulted in sea level rise in the coastal areas of South China, increasing the occurrence and intensity of storm surges, aggravating the influence of saltwater intrusion, coastal erosion, urban drainage and flood control, threatening the coastal facility and infrastructures, inundating lowland areas, offsetting mudflat silting, and degrading mangroves and corm reef ecosystem. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effects of climate change and to support the sustainable development in the coastal areas of South China, it is critical to improve the monitoring and early warning system, enhance prevention criteria, fortify coastal protection engineering, strengthen saltwater prevention, and reinforce the ecological restoration and protection.
基金This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019JZZY010912)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2020CXGC010406)。
文摘Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are currently being considered as ideal means to solve the energy crisis and global warming in today’s society.In this context,this paper proposes a method to solve the problem related to the dependence of the so-called optimal equivalent factor(determined in the framework of the equivalent consumption minimum strategy-ECMS)on the working conditions.The simulation results show that under typical conditions(some representative cities being considered),the proposed strategy can maintain the power balance;for different initial battery’s states of charge(SOC),after the SOC stabilizes,the fuel consumption is 5.25 L/100 km.
基金Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(2007CB411507)Open Foundation Project of State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKLCS08-04)
文摘[Objective]The aim was to test the reliability and validity of questionnaire on the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin.[Method]A questionnaire on'the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin'was carried out in Urumchi River basin and Aksu River basin,and its reliability and validity were tested by means of statistical method,so as to investigate the stability and accuracy of questionnaire.[Result]Reliability analysis of questionnaire showed that the split-half reliability coefficient of questionnaire in Urumchi River basin and Aksu River basin was 0.729 and 0.750,respectively,and Cronbach’sαreliability coefficient was 0.613 and 0.616,respectively,which revealed that the questionnaire had good equivalence and internal consistency which reflected good reliability and stability.According to validity analysis on questionnaire,there was significant correlation between the score of most questions and questionnaire,and it indicated that questionnaire had high content validity.There were 8 common factors collected from 26 questions,which were summarized as agricultural planting,agricultural water conservation,life satisfaction,cultivated land variation,social integration sense,climate and cryosphere changes,capital input improved by environment and family economic condition,respectively.Meanwhile,the contribution rate of various questions in corresponding indexes was higher,and reflected structure was in full accord with questionnaire content,which revealed that questionnaire owned good construct validity.[Conclusion]With higher stability and accuracy,the questionnaire could determine the desired topic and content and was suitable for the study on the perception of common people and choices of adaptive strategy under cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin in northwestern China.
文摘Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some scholars tend to believe that the unfavorable factors play a dominant role. This conclusion comes from the "new moonshape encirclement" already existing since the Cold War in America,
文摘This article examines the effects of climate change on archaeological sites, using as a case study the archaeological site of Ancient Messene in Greece, and proposes an integrated adaptation strategy. In order to determine the site’s most significant risks, a climate data analysis was conducted, taking into account three different climate emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) and two future periods (2031-2060, 2071-2100). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability assessment methodology was adopted to assess the vulnerability of the archaeological site to the effects of climate change. This is the first time such a methodology has been followed in Greece. The analysis revealed that the site’s critical hazards are fire, desertification, and flooding. The geographical location of the site in an intensely dry microclimate and the lack of safe and functional electromechanical and road infrastructure increase its vulnerability. The materials of the monuments are indirectly and directly impacted by climate change, whereas the vegetation is negatively impacted by the frequency of extreme events, especially wildfires. Based on the analysis results, a five-axis adaptation strategy was developed.
文摘Economic impact of climate extremes on beef operation is expected to be significant due to its direct impact on feed production. Impact of such events on farm management and longer term farm financial situation is relatively unstudied in the Canadian Prairie. This study compared three alternative beef herd management strategies in dealing with climate extreme events under reference climate scenario of 1971-2000 and the future scenario of 2041-2070. The study used farm simulation model that integrated the model of cattle herd simulation, pasture model, crop simulation model combined with models of economic decisions. Purchasing feed and maintaining herd size is preferred option in dealing with drought Changes in management such as early weaning combined with limit feeding strategies reduce the feed demand and also reduce the financial burden during the years of extreme event, but it has severe negative consequences on amount of slaughter cattle sold. Cull herd strategy not only reduces feed demand but also increases income from sell of herd during the year/s of extreme event, but it severely impacts the farm＇s long term output supply potential. However, expansion of existing agriculture risk management policy to cover climate risk in beef production is necessary to support farmers in the year/s to extreme events.
文摘A hybrid strategy is proposed to solve the problems of poor population diversity, insufficient convergence accuracy and susceptibility to local optimal values in the original Arctic Puffin Optimization (APO) algorithm, Enhanced Tangent Flight Adaptive Arctic Puffin Optimization with Elite initialization and Adaptive t-distribution Mutation (ETAAPO). Elite initialization improves initial population quality and accelerates convergence. Tangent Flight of the Tangent search algorithm replaces Levy Flight to balance local search and global exploration. The adaptive t-distribution mutation strategy enhances the optimization ability. ETAAPO was tested on CEC2021 functions, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and engineering problems, demonstrating superior optimization performance and faster convergence.
基金This publication presents findings from research conducted under Project No.III-99-24.489Natural Growth Regulators in the Induction of Resistance of Cereal Plants to HeavyMetals(2024-2028)funded by the NationalAcademy of Sciences of Ukraine.
文摘Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in regions where wheat cultivation is challenging or unfeasible.To clarify its drought adaptation mechanisms,we analyzed the effects of moderate soil drought on growth,hormonal homeostasis,and the dynamics and distribution of free amino acids and phenolic compounds in rye at early vegetative stages and post-recovery.Drought triggered both general and organ-specific changes in endogenous phytohormones.A nonspecific response involved the accumulation of stress hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA),alongside the suppression of growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins.However,hormone dynamics and localization varied across plant organs.ABA and SA levels significantly increased in shoots of drought-stressed and recovered plants,corresponding with inhibited growth.Prolonged drought further enhanced ABA accumulation in both shoots and roots of recovered plants,while SA levels declined in roots but remained elevated in shoots.Drought also caused a substantial reduction in IAA,particularly in shoots,while gibberellins(GA_(3)+GA_(4))significantly decreased in roots.GA_(3)was predominant in most samples,except in the shoots of 2-day-old control plants.Post-recovery,IAA levels increased but remained below control values,while GA_(4)accumulation in roots led to a rise in total gibberellin levels.In contrast,shoot GA_(3)+GA_(4)levels declined,primarily due to GA_(3)reduction.The dominant free amino acids:aspartic acid,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and leucinedecreased significantly,underscoring their key role in stress adaptation.Increased flavonoid accumulation,especially in roots,suggests their involvement in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.A significant increase in ABA and SA levels,along with a marked reduction in IAA and GA content in stressed rye plants occurred alongside a reduction in free amino acid content,accumulation of phenolic compounds,and an increase in flavonoid levels.These findings indicate distinct adaptation strategies in rye shoots and roots undermoderate soil drought.They provide a foundation for further research on drought resistance mechanisms in cereals and the development of strategies to enhance their adaptive potential.
文摘Climate change poses a significant threat to Nigeria's agricultural sector,which is a cornerstone of its economy and food security.The increasing frequency of extreme weather events,erratic rainfall patterns,and rising temperatures have disrupted agricultural productivity,threatening the livelihoods of millions of Nigerians.Through a comprehensive literature review,synthesizing data from peer-reviewed journals,institutional reports,and credible online sources from 2000 to 2023,this study aims to explore the multi-faceted impacts of climate variability on agricultural production,livestock,fisheries,and food security in Nigeria,and to identify effective adaptation strategies to mitigate these impacts.The findings reveal that climate change has significantly disrupted agricultural productivity in Nigeria,with erratic rainfall,rising temperatures,and extreme weather events leading to reduced crop yields,increased pest and disease pressure,and land degradation.Vulnerable crops such as maize,cassava,and rice are particularly affected,while livestock production faces challenges such as heat stress and reduced feed availability.The fisheries sector is also impacted,with shrinking water resources and increasing contamination levels threatening livelihoods.Adaptation strategies,including crop diversification,improved irrigation,and indigenous knowledge practices,offer some resilience but require substantial policy and financial support.The study highlights the urgency of implementing climate-smart agricultural practices,enhancing infrastructure,and promoting public-private partnerships to mitigate climate-induced risks.Recommendations align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)2(Zero Hunger),13(Climate Action),and 15(Life on Land),emphasizing the need for sustainable agricultural practices,ecosystem preservation,and adaptive policy frameworks to ensure food security and economic stability in Nigeria.This study provides valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on Nigeria's agricultural sector and offers practical recommendations for building resilience and ensuring sustainable food systems.It reveals the importance of collaborative efforts at all levels to address the challenges posed by climate change and safeguard the nation's agricultural heritage for future generations.
文摘Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is a globally important legume crop valued for its nutritional content and adaptability.Establishing a robust root system during early growth is critical for optimal nutrient uptake,shoot development,and increased resistance to biotic stress.This study evaluated the effects of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)on root and shoot development in two bean cultivars,Onceler-98 and Topcu,during the seedling stage.IBA was applied at four concentrations:0(control),50,100,and 150μM.Morphological parameters measured included root length(RL),root fresh weight(RFW),root dry weight(RDW),root nodule number(RNN),shoot length(SL),shoot fresh weight(SFW),and shoot dry weight(SDW).The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with four replications.Significant(p≤0.05)and highly significant(p≤0.01)differences were observed across treatments and cultivars.The results indicated that Onceler-98 generally responded more favorably to IBA application,with optimal growth performance observed at 100μM.In contrast,Topcu was less responsive to IBA overall,and high concentrations-particularly 150μM-tended to suppress nodule formation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(No.FRGS/1/2024/TK04/USM/02/3)funded by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE).
文摘This paper presents a vision-based navigation framework for micro air vehicles(MAVs)operating in confined warehouse environments.To address the trade-off between low localization accuracy in mapless methods and high computational demands in map-based approaches,the proposed system leverages topology-aware path guidance using monocular vision.Navigation is driven by a digital instruction format(DIF)that encodes both the path index and target junction,enabling autonomous navigation without environmental modifications.The framework comprises a cascaded perception-encoding-control pipeline.For structured paths,foreground pixel density trend analysis with sliding window smoothing for robust junction recognition,while lateral proportionalintegral-derivative(PID)control ensures accurate path tracking.For geometric trajectories,the control logic incorporates L-junction triggers,fixed-angle turns,and spatial yaw correction to accommodate sharp corners and curved segments.ROS-Gazebo simulations validate the method’s effectiveness,achieving up to 94.40%junction recognition accuracy(92.01%on average),trajectory tracking errors below 0.1 m,and terminal localization deviations under 0.2 m.These results validate the method’s accuracy,stability,and suitability for computationally constrained MAV platforms in warehouse automation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.24CX03003A,23CX03011A,22CX03005A)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2023MA025,ZR2021LL2002)from the NSFC(Grant Nos.11775306,11571220).
文摘In this paper,we study the problem of sampling complexity for channel discrimination with respect to two different strategies:product strategy and adaptive strategy.We first formally introduce the definitions of the sampling complexity of the channels under the framework of hypothesis testing,wherein the goal is to determine the minimum number of samples needed to reach a desired error probability.We then establish the lower and upper bounds on the sampling complexity of the symmetric,asymmetric,and error exponent hypothesis testing settings.We show that,by imposing product strategy on testing,the bounds are always characterized by the generalized channel divergence,while with adaptive strategy,the bounds are characterized by the amortized channel divergence.Finally,we analyze two concrete examples,and obtain that the adaptive strategy can not lead to an advantage to the problem of determining the sampling complexity for classical-quantum channels,which can bring advantages for generalized amplitude damping channels.
基金funded by the Chief Scientist Program of Qinghai Province(2024-SF-102)the Joint Special Project of Sanjiangyuan National Park(LHZX-2023-02).
文摘Background As an indigenous livestock species on the Tibetan Plateau,Tibetan sheep exhibit remarkable adaptability to low temperatures and nutrient-scarce environments.During the cold season,Tibetan sheep are typically managed under two feeding regimes:barn feeding(BF)and traditional grazing(TG).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation to these distinct management strategies remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the adaptive strategies of rumen function in Tibetan sheep to cold-season feeding regimes by integrating analyses of rumen morphology,microbiome,metabolome,and transcriptome.Twelve healthy Tibetan sheep with similar body weights were assigned into two groups(BF vs.TG).At the end of the experiment,rumen tissues were subjected to histological observation.Multi-omics techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of cold-season feeding regimes on rumen function in Tibetan sheep.Results The ruminal papilla height,width,and muscular thickness were significantly higher in BF group.The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Succiniclasticum were significantly elevated in the rumen of BF group,whereas Rikenellaceae,Gracilibacteria,and Lachnospiraceae showed higher abundances in the TG group.Metabolomic analysis identified 19 differential metabolites between the two groups,including upregulated compounds in BF group(fumaric acid,maltose,L-phenylalanine,and L-alanine)and TG group(e.g.,phenylacetic acid,salicyluric acid and ferulic acid).These metabolites were predominantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways.Additionally,210 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in rumen epithelium:100 upregulated DEGs in the BF group were enriched in nutrient metabolism-related pathways(e.g.,fatty acid degradation and PPAR signaling pathway),while 110 upregulated DEGs in the TG group were associated with immune-related pathways(e.g.,p53 signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism).Conclusions Among these,we observed distinct rumen functional responses to different cold-season feeding regimes in Tibetan sheep and revealed energy allocation strategies mediated by host-microbe interactions.In the BF group,Tibetan sheep adopted a"metabolic efficiency-priority"strategy,driving rumen microbiota to maximize energy capture from high-nutrient diets to support host growth.In contrast,the TG group exhibited an"environmental adaptation-priority"strategy,where rumen microbiota prioritized cellulose degradation and anti-inflammatory functions,reallocating energy toward homeostasis maintenance at the expense of rumen development and growth performance.
