OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shenqi Yangxin decoction(SQYXD)on heart function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)and its potential mechanisms.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shenqi Yangxin decoction(SQYXD)on heart function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)and its potential mechanisms.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal(10 rats)and DCM(150 rats)groups.DCM was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin.Then,DCM baseline group was randomly selected sixteen DCM rats.The remaining DCM rats were randomly divided into DCM control,perindopril,metoprolol,and SQYXD groups.Cardiac function and histological analysis plus biochemical measurement of serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),and inflammatory factors were measured.The mRNA and protein expression levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4),receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE),and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)were determined.Myocardial metabolism imaging was performed on the normal,SQYXD and DCM control groups to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.RESULTS:Rats in the DCM control group exhibited dilated left ventricular diameter,impaired cardiac function,disorganized sarcomere,impaired glucose metabolism,increased heart weight index,and increased levels of BNP,which were improved by treatment with SQYXD.In addition,hearts from rats in the DCM baseline group exhibited significantly higher levels of HMGB1,TLR-4,RAGE,NF-κB,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-10,compared with the normal group.Interestingly,the mRNA level of HMGB1 in the DCM baseline group was positively correlated with that of TLR-4,RAGE,NF-κB,BNP,and LVEDD,but negatively correlated with LVEF.SQYXD inhibited the upregulation of HMGB1 expression and its downstream inflammatory factors.CONCLUSION:Shenqi Yangxin decoction effectively reduced the dilated left ventricular diameter and improved heart function in dilated cardiomyopathy.The mechanisms underlying the action on DCM involve regulating the gene and protein expression of HMGB1 and its inflammatory signal pathways in the DCM rat model.展开更多
An effective mechanism for dispute prevention and resolution is im-portant to both tax administrations and taxpayers in achieving tax certainty.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of ...An effective mechanism for dispute prevention and resolution is im-portant to both tax administrations and taxpayers in achieving tax certainty.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China(Hong Kong)has implemented frontend dispute prevention and backend dispute resolution mech-anisms,including advance ruling,advance pricing arrangement(APA)and mutual agreement procedure(MAP)systems.This article explains in detail the requirements and procedures and shares the practical experience relating to advance ruling,APA and MAP in Hong Kong region.展开更多
基金Supported by the Projects of Medical Technology of Management Center of Wuxi Hospital,Jiangsu Province(No.YGZXM14047:Application of Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Dilated Cardiomyopathy Combined with Staging)the Projects of Jiangsu Province Chinese Medicine Leading Personnel Training Target Fund(Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Classic Compound)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shenqi Yangxin decoction(SQYXD)on heart function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)and its potential mechanisms.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal(10 rats)and DCM(150 rats)groups.DCM was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin.Then,DCM baseline group was randomly selected sixteen DCM rats.The remaining DCM rats were randomly divided into DCM control,perindopril,metoprolol,and SQYXD groups.Cardiac function and histological analysis plus biochemical measurement of serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),and inflammatory factors were measured.The mRNA and protein expression levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4),receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE),and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)were determined.Myocardial metabolism imaging was performed on the normal,SQYXD and DCM control groups to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.RESULTS:Rats in the DCM control group exhibited dilated left ventricular diameter,impaired cardiac function,disorganized sarcomere,impaired glucose metabolism,increased heart weight index,and increased levels of BNP,which were improved by treatment with SQYXD.In addition,hearts from rats in the DCM baseline group exhibited significantly higher levels of HMGB1,TLR-4,RAGE,NF-κB,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-10,compared with the normal group.Interestingly,the mRNA level of HMGB1 in the DCM baseline group was positively correlated with that of TLR-4,RAGE,NF-κB,BNP,and LVEDD,but negatively correlated with LVEF.SQYXD inhibited the upregulation of HMGB1 expression and its downstream inflammatory factors.CONCLUSION:Shenqi Yangxin decoction effectively reduced the dilated left ventricular diameter and improved heart function in dilated cardiomyopathy.The mechanisms underlying the action on DCM involve regulating the gene and protein expression of HMGB1 and its inflammatory signal pathways in the DCM rat model.
文摘An effective mechanism for dispute prevention and resolution is im-portant to both tax administrations and taxpayers in achieving tax certainty.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China(Hong Kong)has implemented frontend dispute prevention and backend dispute resolution mech-anisms,including advance ruling,advance pricing arrangement(APA)and mutual agreement procedure(MAP)systems.This article explains in detail the requirements and procedures and shares the practical experience relating to advance ruling,APA and MAP in Hong Kong region.
