BACKGROUD： Ethanol can influence neural development and the ability of leaming and memory, but its mechanism of the neural toxicity is not clear till now. Endogenous nitric oxide （NO） as a gaseous messenger is prov...BACKGROUD： Ethanol can influence neural development and the ability of leaming and memory, but its mechanism of the neural toxicity is not clear till now. Endogenous nitric oxide （NO） as a gaseous messenger is proved to play an important role in the formation of synaptic plasticity, transference of neuronal information and the neural development, but excessive nitro oxide can result in neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the effects of acute alcoholism on the learning and memory ability and the content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） in brain tissue of rats. DESIGN ： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING ： Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College MATERIALS： Eighteen male clean-degree SD rats of 18-22 weeks were raised adaptively for 2 days, and then randomly divided into control group （n = 8） and experimental group （n = 10）. The nNOS immunohistochemical reagent was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Y-maze was produced by Suixi Zhenghua Apparatus Plant. METHODS ： The experiment was carded out in the laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College from June to October in 2005. ① Rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol （2.5 g/kg） which was dissolved in normal saline （20%）. The loss of righting reflex and ataxia within 5 minutes indicated the successful model. Whereas rats in the control group were given saline of the same volume. ② Examinations of learning and memory ability： The Y-maze tests for learning and memory ability were performed at 6 hours after the models establishment. The rats were put into the Y-maze separately. The test was performed in a quiet and dark room. There was a lamp at the end of each of three pathways in Y-maze and the base of maze had electric net. All the lamps of the three pathways were turned on for 3 minutes and then turned off. One lamp was turned on randomly, and the other two delayed automatically. In 5 seconds after alternation, pulsating electric current presented in the base of unsafe area to stimulate rat＇s feet to run to the safe area. The lighting lasted for 15 seconds as one test. Running from unsafe area to safe area at one time in 10 seconds was justified as successful. Such test was repeated for 10 times for each rat and the successful frequency was recorded. The qualified standard of maze test was that the rat ardved in the safe area g times during 10 experiments. The number of trainings for the qualified standard was used to represent the result of spatial learning. ③ Determination of the content of nNOS in brain tissue： After the Y-maze test, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood was let from the incision on right auricle, transcardially perfused via the left ventricle with about 200 mL saline, then fixed by perfusion of 40 g/L paraformaldehyde. Hippocampal CA1 region, corpus striatum and cerebellum were taken to prepare serial freezing coronal sections. The nNOS contents in the brain regions were determined with the immunohistochemical methods to reflect the changes of nitdc oxide in brain tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The changes of learning and memory ability and the changes of the nNOS contents in the brain tissue of rats with acute alcoholism were observed. RESULTS ： One rat in the experimental group was excluded due to its slow reaction to electdc stimulation in the Y-maze test, and the other 17 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The training times to reach qualifying standards of Y-maze in the expedmental group was more than that in the control group [（34.33 ±13.04）, （27.50±8.79） times, P〈 0.05]. ② Forms and numbers of nNOS positive neurons in brain tissue： It could be observed under light microscope that in the hippocampal CA1 region, there were fewer nNOS positive neurons, which were lightly stained, and the processes were not clear enough; But the numbers of the positive neurons which were deeply stained as huffy were obviously increased in the experimental group, the cell body and cyloplasm of process were evenly stained, but the nucleus was not stained. The nNOS positive neurons in corpus stdatum had similar forms and size in the experimental group and control group. The form of the nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum were similar between the two groups. The numbers of nNOS positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region and corpus striatum in the expedmental group [（18.22±7.47）, （11.38±5.00） cells/high power field] were obviously higher than those in the control group [（10.15±4.24）, （6.15±3.69） cells/high power field. The number of nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum had no significant difference between the two groups [（49.56±18.84）, （44.43±15.42） cells/high power field, P〉 0.05]. CONCLUSION ： Acute alcoholism may impair learning and memory ability, and nitric oxide may be involved in mediating the neurotoxic role of ethanol.展开更多
Objective: to explore the effect of emergency treatment of acute alcoholism. Methods: a total of 100 patients with acute alcoholism from January 2020 to May 2021 were divided into two groups by simple randomization: n...Objective: to explore the effect of emergency treatment of acute alcoholism. Methods: a total of 100 patients with acute alcoholism from January 2020 to May 2021 were divided into two groups by simple randomization: naloxone in the control group and naloxone and ornithate aspartic acid in the experimental group. The difference in treatment results of acute alcoholism patients in the two groups was analyzed. Results: the total effective rate of experimental group was 96.00%, higher than that of control group 82.00%, P<0.05;The awake time and symptom disappear time of experimental group were lower than those of control group, P<0.05;There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). The quality of life score of experimental group was higher than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: acute alcoholism patients receiving naloxone and ornithine aspartate combined emergency treatment intervention, can improve the treatment effect, shorten the recovery time of patients, better improve the quality of life of patients, and will not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, significant.展开更多
Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard,leading to various organ damage,notably the liver and brain.Shanxi aged vinegar(SAV)is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bio...Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard,leading to various organ damage,notably the liver and brain.Shanxi aged vinegar(SAV)is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bioactive ingredients with beneficial effects on the human body.This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of SAV in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication(AAI)in mice.It was found that SAV at 2.5 mL/kg BW effectively ameliorated the decline in behavioral abilities following alcohol consumption,characterized by a shortened sobering period.SAV reduces alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting hepatic function enzymes and oxidative stress levels.Additionally,SAV mitigated the overactivation of microglia and the downregulation of neurotransmitter levels including acetylcholinesterase(AchE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA),thereby reducing ethanol-induced brain damage.Meanwhile,SAV significantly decreased concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood and increased alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)activities in the liver,indicating enhancement of ethanol metabolism.Moreover,we found that some gut microbiota including Verrucomicrobiota,Akkermansia,and Enterococcus were downregulated after SAV treatment in mice with AAI.These bacteria showed a negative correlation with anti-oxidative markers(glutathione(GSH)and catalase(CAT))and enzymes related to ethanol metabolism pathways(ADH and ALDH),and a positive correlation with hepatic function markers(alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and malondialdehyde(MDA)),alcohol metabolites(alcohol and acetaldehyde)and neurotransmitters(AchE,5-HT,and DA).However,Bacteroidota,norank_f_Muribaculaceae,and Alistipes exhibited the opposite direction.These findings suggest that SAV possesses protective effects against hepatic and neuro-toxicity,and could be a potential functional food for AAI prevention.展开更多
This study investigated the preventive effects of soybean meal peptides(SPs)and their purification peptides(GTYW)on acute alcoholic liver injury.We combined the gut microbiota,metabolites,liver inflammation,and oxidat...This study investigated the preventive effects of soybean meal peptides(SPs)and their purification peptides(GTYW)on acute alcoholic liver injury.We combined the gut microbiota,metabolites,liver inflammation,and oxidative stress indicators to explore the prevention mechanism of SPs and GTYW.Results showed that SPs,GTYW effectively improved the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory.Additionally,SPs and GTYW reversed the effects of alcohol on the gut microbiota,which were evident in the increased abundance of Alloprevotella,Parasutterella in the GTYW group and norank_f__Muribaculaceae in the SPs group.Nontargeted metabolomic analysis showed that SPs ameliorated metabolic disorders by regulating phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,while GTYW regulated metabolites throughα-linolenic acid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Furthermore,significant correlations were observed between gut microbiota,metabolites and liver indicators.These findings confirmed that SPs and GTYW can prevent acute alcoholic liver injury.展开更多
[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alc...[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.展开更多
Alcohol abuse is a global problem due to the financial burden on society and the healthcare system. While the harmful health effects of chronic alcohol abuse are well established, more recent data suggest that acute a...Alcohol abuse is a global problem due to the financial burden on society and the healthcare system. While the harmful health effects of chronic alcohol abuse are well established, more recent data suggest that acute alcohol consumption also affects human wellbeing. Thus, there is a need for research models in order to fully understand the effect of acute alcohol abuse on different body systems and organs. The present manuscript summarizes the interdisciplinary advantages and disadvantages of currently available human and non-human models of acute alcohol abuse, and identifi es their suitability for biomedical research.展开更多
In acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), a "pseudotumoral" appearance of the liver parenchyma on computed tomography (CT) scan has been reported. The main findings are hypervascularized areas closely similar to t...In acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), a "pseudotumoral" appearance of the liver parenchyma on computed tomography (CT) scan has been reported. The main findings are hypervascularized areas closely similar to those observed in large hepatocellular carcinomas. We report a case of a patient affected by AAH with an unusual appearance of these "pseudotumoral" areas on CT scan, close resembling a metastatic cancer rather than a primary hepatocellular carcinoma. In fact, in contrast with previous reports, the picture was characterized by the presence of many inhomogeneous, hypoattenuated areas highlighted during both pre- and post-contrast phases. Moreover, we report the first description of "pseudotumoral" lesions on ultrasound scan. This patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids, even if many controversies still exist regarding their efficacy in this setting.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the protective mechanism of V. coloratum fruit polysaccharides（ VCFP） on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. Acute liver injury model was built by one-time alcohol gavage....This study was conducted to investigate the protective mechanism of V. coloratum fruit polysaccharides（ VCFP） on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. Acute liver injury model was built by one-time alcohol gavage. The mice were randomly divided into VCFP-treated groups（ low-,medium-,and highdose）,alcohol model group and normal control group at the same time. VCFP-treated groups were administrated polysaccharide intragastrically continuously for4 weeks; and the alcohol model group and normal control group were administrated intragastrically the same amount of normal saline. The general situation and liver tissue morphological structure changes were observed. The results showed that the levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG,MDA contents,and CAT and GSH-Px activity of mice in the model group increased significantly（ P 〈 0. 01）,while the activity of SOD and weight and liver index decreased significantly（ P 〈 0. 01） compared with the normal control group. After 4 weeks of gavage,VCFP could significantly improve weight,liver index and SOD activity,and significantly reduce ALT,AST,TC and TG levels,MDA content and CAT and GSH-Px activity. These results suggest that VCFP can improve antioxidant enzyme activity,remove oxygen free radical and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation reaction,thereby protecting liver cells.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the second commonest indication for liver transplantation after viral hepatitis in the United States and Europe.Controversies surround the indications and allocation of scarce and expen...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the second commonest indication for liver transplantation after viral hepatitis in the United States and Europe.Controversies surround the indications and allocation of scarce and expensive resource for this so called self inflicted disease.Controversies stem from the apprehension that alcoholic recipients are likely to relapse and cause damage to the graft.There is a need to select those candidates with lower risk for relapse with the available predictive factors and scores.Substance abuse specialist and psychiatrists are mandatory in the pre-transplant evaluation and in the post-transplant follow-up.There is conflicting evidence to support a fixed period of pretransplant abstinence,although most units do follow this.Alcoholic hepatitis(AH) continues to be a contraindication for transplantation,however there is a need for further research in this f ield as a subset of patients with AH who do not respond to medical treatment,have high early mortality and could benefit from transplantation.One year,3-year,and 5-year survival post-transplant is similar for both ALD and non-ALD recipients.The incidence of post-transplant rejection and retransplantation is also similar to other recipients.ALD with viral hepatitis especially hepatitis C virus leads to a more aggressive liver disease with early presentation for transplantation.ALD patients are more prone to develop de-novo malignancy;this is attributed to the long term effect of alcohol,tobacco combined with immunosuppression.Post-transplant surveillance is important to detect early relapse to alcoholism,presence of de-novo malignancy and treat the same adequately.展开更多
The severity of alcoholic hepatitis(AH) which may coexist with cirrhosis varies greatly, from asymptomatic forms which are detected in alcoholic patients without any sign of liver disease, except laboratory abnormalit...The severity of alcoholic hepatitis(AH) which may coexist with cirrhosis varies greatly, from asymptomatic forms which are detected in alcoholic patients without any sign of liver disease, except laboratory abnormalities, to severe forms characterised by deep jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and low prothrombin index. In hospitalized patients the mortality could be as high as 75%. The elevated number of therapeutic proposals reported for more than forty years reveals the lack of efficacy of a particular modality. Even in the most favorable trials, the survival is already very poor and in some cases related to the development of renal failure or hepatorenal syndrome. There are some motivating reports concerning albumin dialysis as a support treatment in patients with severe AH, either alone or in combination with other pharmacological therapies. The favorable effects of albumin dialysis in patients with severe AH suggest that the procedure used alone or in combination with other therapies may have a role in this clinical condition. This will be particularly relevant to offer an alternative therapy in these patients, thus being a potential bridge to recovery or to be listed for liver transplantation.展开更多
Objective： To study the structural shifts of gut flora in rats with acute alcoholic liver injury （AALI）, and the effect of Jianpi Huoxue Decoction （健脾活血汤, JPHXD） on the gut flora. Methods： Thirty-six Spragu...Objective： To study the structural shifts of gut flora in rats with acute alcoholic liver injury （AALI）, and the effect of Jianpi Huoxue Decoction （健脾活血汤, JPHXD） on the gut flora. Methods： Thirty-six Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly allocated to the control, AALI and JPHXD groups equally. The rats in the control group were given water and those in AALI and JPHXD groups were given ethanol by intragastric gavage for 5 days, while rats in the JPHXD group were administered JPHXD simultaneously. The blood and liver tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. The activities of serum alkaline aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, hepatic γ/-glutamyitranspetidase （γ-GT） and hepatic tdglyceride （TG） levels were determined. Plasma endotoxin level in the portal vein was measured. Pathological changes of liver tissues were determined by hematoxylin and Eosin （HE） staining and oil red O staining. The total DNA of gut flora were extracted from fecal samples by Bead-beating method and determined by ERIC-PCR fingerprint method. The similarity cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to analyze the ERIC-PCR fingerprint respectively. Results： In the AALI group, the ratio of liver/body weight, activities of ALT, AST and hepatic γ-GT, amount of hepatic TG were elevated significantly compared with those in the control group （all P〈0.01）. JPHXD decreased the ratio, activities of ALT, AST, γ-GT and TG significantly compared with those in the AALI group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. HE and oil red O staining showed that fat deposited markedly in liver tissue, while JPHXD alleviated pathological changes markedly. Plasma LPS level in rat portal vein in the AALI group increased significantly （P〈0.01）, but it was decreased significantly in the JPHXD group （P〈0.01）. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis of ERIC-PCR fingerprint showed that gut flora in the hALl group changed markedly, and JPHXD could recover gut flora to some extent. Conclusion： The structure of gut flora shifted markedly during acute alcoholic liver injury, JPHXD had prevention effect through the modification of gut flora.展开更多
Death due to acute alcohol poisoning lacks specific anatomical characteristics,compared with other deaths due to drug poisoning.We report three forensic cases of death from acute alcohol poisoning due to inhibition of...Death due to acute alcohol poisoning lacks specific anatomical characteristics,compared with other deaths due to drug poisoning.We report three forensic cases of death from acute alcohol poisoning due to inhibition of the respiratory centre and eventual asphyxia.Blood alcohol concentrations in the three fatalities were 5.28,3.33 and 3.78mg/mL,respec-tively.Lethal doses and blood alcohol concentrations showed differences between individu-als.Detailed auxiliary tests besides autopsy were undertaken.These cases show that forensic scientists should exclude other causes of death,combine the autopsy with auxiliary tests,and then make an appraisal.展开更多
Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is one of the leading chronic liver diseases worldwide,encompassing a spectrum of conditions from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 Histo...Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is one of the leading chronic liver diseases worldwide,encompassing a spectrum of conditions from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 Histologically,alcohol-associated steatohepatitis(ASH)is characterised by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes,hepatocellular damage,ballooning of hepatocytes,formation of Mallory-Denk bodies,inflammation and pericellular fibrosis.1 Over the past several decades,research has elucidated key molecular mechanisms underlying ALD,such as ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress and organ–organ crosstalk pathways like the gut-liver and adipose tissue-liver axes.2 Patients with underlying chronic ALD,particularly those with recent episodes of excessive drinking,are at risk of developing acute alcohol-associated hepatitis(AH),a condition characterised by severe clinical symptoms,including jaundice.3 Severe AH(sAH)is commonly linked to alcohol-associated cirrhosis(AC)and carries a high short-term mortality rate.Due to the limited availability of effective pharmacological therapies,early liver transplantation is frequently required as a life-saving intervention.3 Identifying molecular mechanisms driving AH progression and liver failure is thus essential for developing targeted therapies for this life-threatening disease.AH,first described in 1961,is recognised as an acute inflammatory liver disease characterised by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration.4 Currently.展开更多
基金the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of HenanProvince, No. 984021100 agrant from Key Subject Fund ofXinxiang Medical College
文摘BACKGROUD： Ethanol can influence neural development and the ability of leaming and memory, but its mechanism of the neural toxicity is not clear till now. Endogenous nitric oxide （NO） as a gaseous messenger is proved to play an important role in the formation of synaptic plasticity, transference of neuronal information and the neural development, but excessive nitro oxide can result in neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the effects of acute alcoholism on the learning and memory ability and the content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） in brain tissue of rats. DESIGN ： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING ： Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College MATERIALS： Eighteen male clean-degree SD rats of 18-22 weeks were raised adaptively for 2 days, and then randomly divided into control group （n = 8） and experimental group （n = 10）. The nNOS immunohistochemical reagent was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Y-maze was produced by Suixi Zhenghua Apparatus Plant. METHODS ： The experiment was carded out in the laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College from June to October in 2005. ① Rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol （2.5 g/kg） which was dissolved in normal saline （20%）. The loss of righting reflex and ataxia within 5 minutes indicated the successful model. Whereas rats in the control group were given saline of the same volume. ② Examinations of learning and memory ability： The Y-maze tests for learning and memory ability were performed at 6 hours after the models establishment. The rats were put into the Y-maze separately. The test was performed in a quiet and dark room. There was a lamp at the end of each of three pathways in Y-maze and the base of maze had electric net. All the lamps of the three pathways were turned on for 3 minutes and then turned off. One lamp was turned on randomly, and the other two delayed automatically. In 5 seconds after alternation, pulsating electric current presented in the base of unsafe area to stimulate rat＇s feet to run to the safe area. The lighting lasted for 15 seconds as one test. Running from unsafe area to safe area at one time in 10 seconds was justified as successful. Such test was repeated for 10 times for each rat and the successful frequency was recorded. The qualified standard of maze test was that the rat ardved in the safe area g times during 10 experiments. The number of trainings for the qualified standard was used to represent the result of spatial learning. ③ Determination of the content of nNOS in brain tissue： After the Y-maze test, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood was let from the incision on right auricle, transcardially perfused via the left ventricle with about 200 mL saline, then fixed by perfusion of 40 g/L paraformaldehyde. Hippocampal CA1 region, corpus striatum and cerebellum were taken to prepare serial freezing coronal sections. The nNOS contents in the brain regions were determined with the immunohistochemical methods to reflect the changes of nitdc oxide in brain tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The changes of learning and memory ability and the changes of the nNOS contents in the brain tissue of rats with acute alcoholism were observed. RESULTS ： One rat in the experimental group was excluded due to its slow reaction to electdc stimulation in the Y-maze test, and the other 17 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The training times to reach qualifying standards of Y-maze in the expedmental group was more than that in the control group [（34.33 ±13.04）, （27.50±8.79） times, P〈 0.05]. ② Forms and numbers of nNOS positive neurons in brain tissue： It could be observed under light microscope that in the hippocampal CA1 region, there were fewer nNOS positive neurons, which were lightly stained, and the processes were not clear enough; But the numbers of the positive neurons which were deeply stained as huffy were obviously increased in the experimental group, the cell body and cyloplasm of process were evenly stained, but the nucleus was not stained. The nNOS positive neurons in corpus stdatum had similar forms and size in the experimental group and control group. The form of the nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum were similar between the two groups. The numbers of nNOS positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region and corpus striatum in the expedmental group [（18.22±7.47）, （11.38±5.00） cells/high power field] were obviously higher than those in the control group [（10.15±4.24）, （6.15±3.69） cells/high power field. The number of nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum had no significant difference between the two groups [（49.56±18.84）, （44.43±15.42） cells/high power field, P〉 0.05]. CONCLUSION ： Acute alcoholism may impair learning and memory ability, and nitric oxide may be involved in mediating the neurotoxic role of ethanol.
文摘Objective: to explore the effect of emergency treatment of acute alcoholism. Methods: a total of 100 patients with acute alcoholism from January 2020 to May 2021 were divided into two groups by simple randomization: naloxone in the control group and naloxone and ornithate aspartic acid in the experimental group. The difference in treatment results of acute alcoholism patients in the two groups was analyzed. Results: the total effective rate of experimental group was 96.00%, higher than that of control group 82.00%, P<0.05;The awake time and symptom disappear time of experimental group were lower than those of control group, P<0.05;There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). The quality of life score of experimental group was higher than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: acute alcoholism patients receiving naloxone and ornithine aspartate combined emergency treatment intervention, can improve the treatment effect, shorten the recovery time of patients, better improve the quality of life of patients, and will not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, significant.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(24JCYBJC01220)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety,Tianjin University of Science&Technology(SKLFNS-NF-202318)the foundation of Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Vinegar Fermentation Science and Engineering,China(20220401931002).
文摘Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard,leading to various organ damage,notably the liver and brain.Shanxi aged vinegar(SAV)is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bioactive ingredients with beneficial effects on the human body.This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of SAV in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication(AAI)in mice.It was found that SAV at 2.5 mL/kg BW effectively ameliorated the decline in behavioral abilities following alcohol consumption,characterized by a shortened sobering period.SAV reduces alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting hepatic function enzymes and oxidative stress levels.Additionally,SAV mitigated the overactivation of microglia and the downregulation of neurotransmitter levels including acetylcholinesterase(AchE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA),thereby reducing ethanol-induced brain damage.Meanwhile,SAV significantly decreased concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood and increased alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)activities in the liver,indicating enhancement of ethanol metabolism.Moreover,we found that some gut microbiota including Verrucomicrobiota,Akkermansia,and Enterococcus were downregulated after SAV treatment in mice with AAI.These bacteria showed a negative correlation with anti-oxidative markers(glutathione(GSH)and catalase(CAT))and enzymes related to ethanol metabolism pathways(ADH and ALDH),and a positive correlation with hepatic function markers(alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and malondialdehyde(MDA)),alcohol metabolites(alcohol and acetaldehyde)and neurotransmitters(AchE,5-HT,and DA).However,Bacteroidota,norank_f_Muribaculaceae,and Alistipes exhibited the opposite direction.These findings suggest that SAV possesses protective effects against hepatic and neuro-toxicity,and could be a potential functional food for AAI prevention.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2101002)Jilin Province Science and Technology Youth Talent Support Project(QT202021)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘This study investigated the preventive effects of soybean meal peptides(SPs)and their purification peptides(GTYW)on acute alcoholic liver injury.We combined the gut microbiota,metabolites,liver inflammation,and oxidative stress indicators to explore the prevention mechanism of SPs and GTYW.Results showed that SPs,GTYW effectively improved the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory.Additionally,SPs and GTYW reversed the effects of alcohol on the gut microbiota,which were evident in the increased abundance of Alloprevotella,Parasutterella in the GTYW group and norank_f__Muribaculaceae in the SPs group.Nontargeted metabolomic analysis showed that SPs ameliorated metabolic disorders by regulating phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,while GTYW regulated metabolites throughα-linolenic acid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Furthermore,significant correlations were observed between gut microbiota,metabolites and liver indicators.These findings confirmed that SPs and GTYW can prevent acute alcoholic liver injury.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100987)Project of Shandong University of Technology(4040-306018)Young Teacher Development Plan of Shandong University of Technology~~
文摘[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.
基金Supported by Grants AA016571 (AD)AA014372 (GS) from NIAAAA (in part)
文摘Alcohol abuse is a global problem due to the financial burden on society and the healthcare system. While the harmful health effects of chronic alcohol abuse are well established, more recent data suggest that acute alcohol consumption also affects human wellbeing. Thus, there is a need for research models in order to fully understand the effect of acute alcohol abuse on different body systems and organs. The present manuscript summarizes the interdisciplinary advantages and disadvantages of currently available human and non-human models of acute alcohol abuse, and identifi es their suitability for biomedical research.
文摘In acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH), a "pseudotumoral" appearance of the liver parenchyma on computed tomography (CT) scan has been reported. The main findings are hypervascularized areas closely similar to those observed in large hepatocellular carcinomas. We report a case of a patient affected by AAH with an unusual appearance of these "pseudotumoral" areas on CT scan, close resembling a metastatic cancer rather than a primary hepatocellular carcinoma. In fact, in contrast with previous reports, the picture was characterized by the presence of many inhomogeneous, hypoattenuated areas highlighted during both pre- and post-contrast phases. Moreover, we report the first description of "pseudotumoral" lesions on ultrasound scan. This patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids, even if many controversies still exist regarding their efficacy in this setting.
基金Supported by Project of Education Department of Gansu Province(2015B-148)Science and technology project of Longnan City 2016(2016-9)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the protective mechanism of V. coloratum fruit polysaccharides（ VCFP） on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. Acute liver injury model was built by one-time alcohol gavage. The mice were randomly divided into VCFP-treated groups（ low-,medium-,and highdose）,alcohol model group and normal control group at the same time. VCFP-treated groups were administrated polysaccharide intragastrically continuously for4 weeks; and the alcohol model group and normal control group were administrated intragastrically the same amount of normal saline. The general situation and liver tissue morphological structure changes were observed. The results showed that the levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG,MDA contents,and CAT and GSH-Px activity of mice in the model group increased significantly（ P 〈 0. 01）,while the activity of SOD and weight and liver index decreased significantly（ P 〈 0. 01） compared with the normal control group. After 4 weeks of gavage,VCFP could significantly improve weight,liver index and SOD activity,and significantly reduce ALT,AST,TC and TG levels,MDA content and CAT and GSH-Px activity. These results suggest that VCFP can improve antioxidant enzyme activity,remove oxygen free radical and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation reaction,thereby protecting liver cells.
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the second commonest indication for liver transplantation after viral hepatitis in the United States and Europe.Controversies surround the indications and allocation of scarce and expensive resource for this so called self inflicted disease.Controversies stem from the apprehension that alcoholic recipients are likely to relapse and cause damage to the graft.There is a need to select those candidates with lower risk for relapse with the available predictive factors and scores.Substance abuse specialist and psychiatrists are mandatory in the pre-transplant evaluation and in the post-transplant follow-up.There is conflicting evidence to support a fixed period of pretransplant abstinence,although most units do follow this.Alcoholic hepatitis(AH) continues to be a contraindication for transplantation,however there is a need for further research in this f ield as a subset of patients with AH who do not respond to medical treatment,have high early mortality and could benefit from transplantation.One year,3-year,and 5-year survival post-transplant is similar for both ALD and non-ALD recipients.The incidence of post-transplant rejection and retransplantation is also similar to other recipients.ALD with viral hepatitis especially hepatitis C virus leads to a more aggressive liver disease with early presentation for transplantation.ALD patients are more prone to develop de-novo malignancy;this is attributed to the long term effect of alcohol,tobacco combined with immunosuppression.Post-transplant surveillance is important to detect early relapse to alcoholism,presence of de-novo malignancy and treat the same adequately.
文摘The severity of alcoholic hepatitis(AH) which may coexist with cirrhosis varies greatly, from asymptomatic forms which are detected in alcoholic patients without any sign of liver disease, except laboratory abnormalities, to severe forms characterised by deep jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and low prothrombin index. In hospitalized patients the mortality could be as high as 75%. The elevated number of therapeutic proposals reported for more than forty years reveals the lack of efficacy of a particular modality. Even in the most favorable trials, the survival is already very poor and in some cases related to the development of renal failure or hepatorenal syndrome. There are some motivating reports concerning albumin dialysis as a support treatment in patients with severe AH, either alone or in combination with other pharmacological therapies. The favorable effects of albumin dialysis in patients with severe AH suggest that the procedure used alone or in combination with other therapies may have a role in this clinical condition. This will be particularly relevant to offer an alternative therapy in these patients, thus being a potential bridge to recovery or to be listed for liver transplantation.
基金Supported by Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.07QA14052)E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (E03008)+1 种基金Innovative Research Team in Universities,Shanghai Municipal Education Commissionand Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
文摘Objective： To study the structural shifts of gut flora in rats with acute alcoholic liver injury （AALI）, and the effect of Jianpi Huoxue Decoction （健脾活血汤, JPHXD） on the gut flora. Methods： Thirty-six Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly allocated to the control, AALI and JPHXD groups equally. The rats in the control group were given water and those in AALI and JPHXD groups were given ethanol by intragastric gavage for 5 days, while rats in the JPHXD group were administered JPHXD simultaneously. The blood and liver tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. The activities of serum alkaline aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, hepatic γ/-glutamyitranspetidase （γ-GT） and hepatic tdglyceride （TG） levels were determined. Plasma endotoxin level in the portal vein was measured. Pathological changes of liver tissues were determined by hematoxylin and Eosin （HE） staining and oil red O staining. The total DNA of gut flora were extracted from fecal samples by Bead-beating method and determined by ERIC-PCR fingerprint method. The similarity cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to analyze the ERIC-PCR fingerprint respectively. Results： In the AALI group, the ratio of liver/body weight, activities of ALT, AST and hepatic γ-GT, amount of hepatic TG were elevated significantly compared with those in the control group （all P〈0.01）. JPHXD decreased the ratio, activities of ALT, AST, γ-GT and TG significantly compared with those in the AALI group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. HE and oil red O staining showed that fat deposited markedly in liver tissue, while JPHXD alleviated pathological changes markedly. Plasma LPS level in rat portal vein in the AALI group increased significantly （P〈0.01）, but it was decreased significantly in the JPHXD group （P〈0.01）. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis of ERIC-PCR fingerprint showed that gut flora in the hALl group changed markedly, and JPHXD could recover gut flora to some extent. Conclusion： The structure of gut flora shifted markedly during acute alcoholic liver injury, JPHXD had prevention effect through the modification of gut flora.
文摘Death due to acute alcohol poisoning lacks specific anatomical characteristics,compared with other deaths due to drug poisoning.We report three forensic cases of death from acute alcohol poisoning due to inhibition of the respiratory centre and eventual asphyxia.Blood alcohol concentrations in the three fatalities were 5.28,3.33 and 3.78mg/mL,respec-tively.Lethal doses and blood alcohol concentrations showed differences between individu-als.Detailed auxiliary tests besides autopsy were undertaken.These cases show that forensic scientists should exclude other causes of death,combine the autopsy with auxiliary tests,and then make an appraisal.
基金supported by the intramural programme of NIAAA and NIH(AA000369 and AA000368).
文摘Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is one of the leading chronic liver diseases worldwide,encompassing a spectrum of conditions from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 Histologically,alcohol-associated steatohepatitis(ASH)is characterised by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes,hepatocellular damage,ballooning of hepatocytes,formation of Mallory-Denk bodies,inflammation and pericellular fibrosis.1 Over the past several decades,research has elucidated key molecular mechanisms underlying ALD,such as ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress and organ–organ crosstalk pathways like the gut-liver and adipose tissue-liver axes.2 Patients with underlying chronic ALD,particularly those with recent episodes of excessive drinking,are at risk of developing acute alcohol-associated hepatitis(AH),a condition characterised by severe clinical symptoms,including jaundice.3 Severe AH(sAH)is commonly linked to alcohol-associated cirrhosis(AC)and carries a high short-term mortality rate.Due to the limited availability of effective pharmacological therapies,early liver transplantation is frequently required as a life-saving intervention.3 Identifying molecular mechanisms driving AH progression and liver failure is thus essential for developing targeted therapies for this life-threatening disease.AH,first described in 1961,is recognised as an acute inflammatory liver disease characterised by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration.4 Currently.
