Objective:Obesity and breast cancer(BC)are diseases of concern,especially within the context of an aging population.This scoping review is aimed at mapping out the literature on the subject of elderly women(EW)with br...Objective:Obesity and breast cancer(BC)are diseases of concern,especially within the context of an aging population.This scoping review is aimed at mapping out the literature on the subject of elderly women(EW)with breast cancer,obesity and physical activity/exercise(PAE)to identify gaps in the present extant literature,and to suggest directions for future research.Data sources:A total of four articles were finalized from an initial 2905 articles found via searches on the Annals of Internal Medicine by American College of Physicians(ACP)^(TM),BioMed Central(BMC)^(TM),BMJ Journals^(TM),Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)^(TM),PubMed^(TM),SAGE^(TM),ScienceDirect^(TM),SpringerLink(e-journals)^(TM),Taylor and Francis Online^(TM),and Wiley Online Library^(TM) databases.Methods:Recognized structural frameworks for scoping reviews were utilized to guide the methodology and technical aspects of this paper.Data extraction was conducted via a charting table.Results:Research gaps identified include a paucity in research on the subject of obesity and breast cancer among elderly women;there is a limitation of the types of methodologies used in the research on this subject indicating vast opportunities for future studies using different methodologies;lack of use of the alternative types of physical activity and exercise such as Tai Chi,Qigong and Yoga;lack of focus on the older elderly population;and areas of social support from family and friends for obese elderly with breast cancer to engage in physical activity and exercise.Conclusion:Future research would address the urgent need within academia to address the research gap of PAE and EWBC.Such research should use a diverse range of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies,while including eastern exercise regimens such as Tai Chi,Qigong and Yoga as a means of studying PAE among EWBC.Additionally,future research may focus on the“old elderly”as a demographic group of study as well as how social support may encourage PAE among EWBC.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND The relationship between exercise and gastrointestinal(GI)health is complex and bidirectional.While moderate exercise generally promotes gut health by enhancing motility,reducing inflammation,and supporting...BACKGROUND The relationship between exercise and gastrointestinal(GI)health is complex and bidirectional.While moderate exercise generally promotes gut health by enhancing motility,reducing inflammation,and supporting microbial balance,intense or prolonged physical activity may exacerbate GI symptoms,particularly in individuals with preexisting digestive disorders.A deeper understanding of this interplay is essential for optimizing both exercise performance and GI well-being.AIM To synthesize current evidence on exercise-related GI disorders,exploring the prevalence,mechanisms,risk factors,and management strategies associated with exercise-induced GI symptoms.METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines,comprehensive searches of databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and EMBASE were conducted.Studies were included if they focused on exercise-induced GI disorders,encompassed randomized controlled trials,cohort studies,case-control studies,and cross-sectional designs,and addressed symptoms across various exercise modalities.Data were extracted and analyzed to identify patterns and implications for clinical and athletic practice.RESULTS A total of 231 studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting both the benefits and risks of exercise on GI health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise,including activities such as walking,cycling,and yoga has been associated with improved GI function in conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease,irritable bowel syndrome,inflammatory bowel disease,and constipation.These benefits are attributed to enhanced intestinal motility,reduced systemic inflammation,and improved gut barrier integrity.Additionally,exercise plays a role in regulating the gut-brain axis,with practices like yoga and Tai Chi demonstrating particular effectiveness in alleviating functional GI disorders.Conversely,high-intensity or prolonged exercise may contribute to symptoms such as nausea,diarrhea,and abdominal pain due to mechanisms like splanchnic hypoperfusion and increased intestinal permeability.Individual factors,including fitness level,dietary habits,hydration status,and underlying GI conditions,significantly influence the body’s response to exercise.CONCLUSION Moderate-intensity exercise is a beneficial and well-tolerated intervention for promoting GI health,whereas highintensity activities require careful monitoring,particularly in individuals with pre-existing GI disorders.Personalized exercise and dietary strategies are essential for balancing the benefits of physical activity with the risk of GI distress.Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of exercise on gut microbiota composition and overall digestive health.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this umbrella review was to synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews on the benefits and harms of exercise therapy and physical activity(PA) for the secondary prevention and management o...Purpose: The purpose of this umbrella review was to synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews on the benefits and harms of exercise therapy and physical activity(PA) for the secondary prevention and management of low back pain(LBP).Methods: An umbrella review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy and PA in the management and secondary prevention of LBP. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,and Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro), including reference lists of relevant reviews, covering studies published between January 1,2010 and May 20, 2024. Eligible studies were systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials and observational studies, with or without meta-analyses. The primary outcome for secondary prevention was LBP recurrence, while for management, primary outcomes included pain intensity and disability, with adverse events as secondary outcomes. Data were extracted across immediate, short-term, intermediate, and longterm follow-up periods. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence, and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool(AMSTAR) tool was applied by 2 independent reviewers(JC, QL, and/or DXMW) to evaluate the quality of the included reviews. The study was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework(OSF).Results: A total of 70 systematic reviews were included, 43 with meta-analyses, 7 with network meta-analyses, and 20 without meta-analyses.Six(out of 10) reviews with meta-analyses for secondary prevention indicated a small benefit from general exercises and leisure-time PA(low-to-moderate certainty). For LBP management, 35(out of 36) reviews reported that exercise therapies such as Pilates, motor control,mixed exercise, Tai Chi, water-based exercises, and yoga showed small beneficial effects on pain and disability compared to minimal intervention mainly in the short-term(low-to-moderate certainty). Seven network meta-analyses favored motor control and Pilates over other forms of exercise to reduce pain(low certainty). Adverse events were reported in less than 31% of the reviews, predominantly involving postexercise soreness and temporary increases in pain, mainly in yoga-related studies. Adverse events were considered minor, and no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: There is low-to-moderate certainty that exercise therapy and leisure-time PA are beneficial for improving pain and preventing the recurrence of LBP. However, evidence on the potential harms of these interventions is limited, and adverse events related to exercise and PA remain under-investigated.展开更多
The mental health of adolescents is a priority for successful development.Physical activity(PA)and exercise can have effects on the mental health of adolescents.This review analysed the effect that physical exercise i...The mental health of adolescents is a priority for successful development.Physical activity(PA)and exercise can have effects on the mental health of adolescents.This review analysed the effect that physical exercise interventions can have on the mental health of healthy adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age.The search was carried out in four databases.PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus and SportDiscuss,were searched up to December 31,2022,following the general model.Eleven studies were selected,with a total sample of 23681 participants in 2435 studies published in the last 5 years involving healthy adolescents.The search process and review of the articles was performed by independent expert investigators.The risk-of-bias and the methodological quality were analysed using the Cochrane scale.The limited and heterogeneous studies conducted so far do not clearly establish the benefits of PA on adolescents’mental health.However,some PA interventions seem to improve subjective well-being,self-esteem,physical and mental well-being,anxiety,lifestyle,emotional intelligence,depressive mood,and perceived benefit and confidence in healthy adolescents.It is important to design an effective and appropriate physical exercise programme that can be implemented for adolescents to achieve significant effects on their mental health.Studies that did not implement an appropriate exercise program with improvements in adolescent physical fitness showed no changes in psychological variables.Further research is needed to clearly establish that exercise programmes have positive effects on mental health in healthy adolescents.展开更多
This study aimed(1)to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual(V)exercise videos that target adolescent girls,(2)to compare physical activity(PA)levels and exercise-relate...This study aimed(1)to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual(V)exercise videos that target adolescent girls,(2)to compare physical activity(PA)levels and exercise-related selfperception variables among groups(2019 in-person[IP],2021 IP,and 2021 V)of adolescent girls,and(3)to assess the association between the adolescents’PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP(pre-pandemic and during pandemic)and V(during pandemic)FitSpirit exercise modes.Regarding the first aim,28 adolescent girls([15.5±0.8]years old)and 29 adult women([33.0±10.3]years old)experienced the V exercise mode.For the second and third aims,376 girls([15.3±1.7]years old)participated IP in 2019(prepandemic),339 girls([14.9±1.6]years old)participated IP in 2021(during the pandemic),and 27 girls([15.5±0.8]years old)watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021(during the pandemic).Data was collected using online questionnaires.Chi-square(χ^(2))and Pearson tests were performed.Adults(76%)had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents(14%)(p<0.001).For IP exercise mode,we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud(r?0.08,p?0.046),feeling good(r=0.14,p<0.001),and being disappointed(r=-0.12,p<0.001).For the V exercise mode,there were no significant correlations.In conclusion,better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered.These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a s...Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.展开更多
Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially...Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially in some patients with organ failure.^(2)Therefore,“exercise pills”and“exercise mimetics”have attracted growing interest because of their potential to induce exercise-related health effects despite physical exercise not being performed.^(3)Robust studies over the past decade have identified many natural biomacromolecules,such as peptide,non-coding Ribonucleic Acid(RNAs),and lipids,that are induced by exercise.^(4-6)These molecules trigger physiological adaptations,including promotion of cardiomyocyte proliferation,anti-apoptotic capacity,and healthy tissue growth.7However,identifying or designing an exercise pill that mimics the extensive benefits of exercise is still challenging.展开更多
Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity o...Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity of exercise exert distinct physiological impacts on the human body[1].Notably,acute exercise(AE)primarily elicits immediate metabolic responses and immune activation to cope with environmental stimuli,whereas long-term exercise(LE)induces cumulative health benefits across multiple organ systems[2‒4].Aging represents a complex biological process that persists throughout the ontogenetic continuum and serves as a pivotal etiological determinant for numerous chronic pathologies.In the context of accelerating global demographic aging,the development of interventions to promote healthspan extension and modulate aging trajectories has become a paramount research imperative in geroscience.Currently,research on the relationship between exercise and aging is a hot topic.For example,exercise has been shown to modulate aging through pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)[5].However,the precise molecular links remain elusive.In a recent breakthrough study,Geng et al.used a novel multi-omics strategy to pinpoint betaine,a glycine derivative from choline/diet that serves as both a hepatic methyl donor and a renal osmoprotectant,as a key exercise-induced molecule with anti-inflammatory and geroprotective effects mediated partially via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)inhibition[6,7].This work represents a significant advance as it systematically maps the molecular divergence between acute and long-term exercise while establishing a direct link between renal metabolism and systemic senescence-delaying benefits.展开更多
1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal ...1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.展开更多
Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva a...Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.展开更多
Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly underst...Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neu...Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons.It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide.While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available,they only provide symptomatic relief,as there is currently no cure for PD.In contrast,exercise training,a non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological,cognitive,and physiological(motor)impairments associated with PD.Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training,gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe.This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity.Furthermore,the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis(e.g.,modulations on neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,mitochondria dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy)will be emphasized.展开更多
Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effec...Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function,alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.Methods Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 J mice commenced a high fat diet(HFD)or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked(sedentary)or unlocked(voluntary exercise training(VET))running wheels at 10 weeks of age.Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition,and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.Results Compared with chow-fed animals,the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins(CL)in the heart,which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration.Importantly,VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complexes II and IV activity following high fat feeding,while VET enhanced complex I activity,emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.Conclusion This study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR wer...Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR were enrolled in a prospective study.They were randomly divided into an acupuncture group,an exercise group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.All three groups received routine Western rehabilitation training.In addition,the acupuncture group was treated with“Si Tian Xue”[four points with“Tian”in their names,including Tianyou(TE16),Tianchuang(SI16),Tianrong(SI17),and Tianding(LI17)]acupuncture.The exercise group practiced according to the Thirteenposture Tai Chi exercise prescription.The combined group received“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription.All interventions lasted for 12 weeks in three groups.The neck disability index(NDI)and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared among the three groups before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment.Before treatment and after 12-week treatment,the range of motion(ROM)of cervical in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion,as well as the mean power frequency(MPF)of surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of the erector spinae and trapezius,the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries,and the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)score was compared among the three groups.Results:After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,the NDI and VAS scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the NDI and VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the acupuncture group and the exercise group at the same time points(P<0.05).After treatment,the cervical ROM in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion in the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the MPF of the erector spinae and trapezius and the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score of the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and it was significantly higher in the combined group than in the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture or the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription alone,the combination of the two can more effectively improve cervical function and microcirculation,relieve pain,and improve the quality of life in patients with CR.展开更多
This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the correspo...This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.展开更多
This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized ex...This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespir...Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.展开更多
Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticle...Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.展开更多
文摘Objective:Obesity and breast cancer(BC)are diseases of concern,especially within the context of an aging population.This scoping review is aimed at mapping out the literature on the subject of elderly women(EW)with breast cancer,obesity and physical activity/exercise(PAE)to identify gaps in the present extant literature,and to suggest directions for future research.Data sources:A total of four articles were finalized from an initial 2905 articles found via searches on the Annals of Internal Medicine by American College of Physicians(ACP)^(TM),BioMed Central(BMC)^(TM),BMJ Journals^(TM),Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)^(TM),PubMed^(TM),SAGE^(TM),ScienceDirect^(TM),SpringerLink(e-journals)^(TM),Taylor and Francis Online^(TM),and Wiley Online Library^(TM) databases.Methods:Recognized structural frameworks for scoping reviews were utilized to guide the methodology and technical aspects of this paper.Data extraction was conducted via a charting table.Results:Research gaps identified include a paucity in research on the subject of obesity and breast cancer among elderly women;there is a limitation of the types of methodologies used in the research on this subject indicating vast opportunities for future studies using different methodologies;lack of use of the alternative types of physical activity and exercise such as Tai Chi,Qigong and Yoga;lack of focus on the older elderly population;and areas of social support from family and friends for obese elderly with breast cancer to engage in physical activity and exercise.Conclusion:Future research would address the urgent need within academia to address the research gap of PAE and EWBC.Such research should use a diverse range of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies,while including eastern exercise regimens such as Tai Chi,Qigong and Yoga as a means of studying PAE among EWBC.Additionally,future research may focus on the“old elderly”as a demographic group of study as well as how social support may encourage PAE among EWBC.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND The relationship between exercise and gastrointestinal(GI)health is complex and bidirectional.While moderate exercise generally promotes gut health by enhancing motility,reducing inflammation,and supporting microbial balance,intense or prolonged physical activity may exacerbate GI symptoms,particularly in individuals with preexisting digestive disorders.A deeper understanding of this interplay is essential for optimizing both exercise performance and GI well-being.AIM To synthesize current evidence on exercise-related GI disorders,exploring the prevalence,mechanisms,risk factors,and management strategies associated with exercise-induced GI symptoms.METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines,comprehensive searches of databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and EMBASE were conducted.Studies were included if they focused on exercise-induced GI disorders,encompassed randomized controlled trials,cohort studies,case-control studies,and cross-sectional designs,and addressed symptoms across various exercise modalities.Data were extracted and analyzed to identify patterns and implications for clinical and athletic practice.RESULTS A total of 231 studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting both the benefits and risks of exercise on GI health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise,including activities such as walking,cycling,and yoga has been associated with improved GI function in conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease,irritable bowel syndrome,inflammatory bowel disease,and constipation.These benefits are attributed to enhanced intestinal motility,reduced systemic inflammation,and improved gut barrier integrity.Additionally,exercise plays a role in regulating the gut-brain axis,with practices like yoga and Tai Chi demonstrating particular effectiveness in alleviating functional GI disorders.Conversely,high-intensity or prolonged exercise may contribute to symptoms such as nausea,diarrhea,and abdominal pain due to mechanisms like splanchnic hypoperfusion and increased intestinal permeability.Individual factors,including fitness level,dietary habits,hydration status,and underlying GI conditions,significantly influence the body’s response to exercise.CONCLUSION Moderate-intensity exercise is a beneficial and well-tolerated intervention for promoting GI health,whereas highintensity activities require careful monitoring,particularly in individuals with pre-existing GI disorders.Personalized exercise and dietary strategies are essential for balancing the benefits of physical activity with the risk of GI distress.Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of exercise on gut microbiota composition and overall digestive health.
基金funded by the Medical Research Future Fund-MRFF 2019 (Rapid Applied Research TranslationRART award)funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship-RTP+1 种基金funded by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Research Fellowshipsfunded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Leadership Fellow level 2
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this umbrella review was to synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews on the benefits and harms of exercise therapy and physical activity(PA) for the secondary prevention and management of low back pain(LBP).Methods: An umbrella review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy and PA in the management and secondary prevention of LBP. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,and Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro), including reference lists of relevant reviews, covering studies published between January 1,2010 and May 20, 2024. Eligible studies were systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials and observational studies, with or without meta-analyses. The primary outcome for secondary prevention was LBP recurrence, while for management, primary outcomes included pain intensity and disability, with adverse events as secondary outcomes. Data were extracted across immediate, short-term, intermediate, and longterm follow-up periods. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence, and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool(AMSTAR) tool was applied by 2 independent reviewers(JC, QL, and/or DXMW) to evaluate the quality of the included reviews. The study was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework(OSF).Results: A total of 70 systematic reviews were included, 43 with meta-analyses, 7 with network meta-analyses, and 20 without meta-analyses.Six(out of 10) reviews with meta-analyses for secondary prevention indicated a small benefit from general exercises and leisure-time PA(low-to-moderate certainty). For LBP management, 35(out of 36) reviews reported that exercise therapies such as Pilates, motor control,mixed exercise, Tai Chi, water-based exercises, and yoga showed small beneficial effects on pain and disability compared to minimal intervention mainly in the short-term(low-to-moderate certainty). Seven network meta-analyses favored motor control and Pilates over other forms of exercise to reduce pain(low certainty). Adverse events were reported in less than 31% of the reviews, predominantly involving postexercise soreness and temporary increases in pain, mainly in yoga-related studies. Adverse events were considered minor, and no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: There is low-to-moderate certainty that exercise therapy and leisure-time PA are beneficial for improving pain and preventing the recurrence of LBP. However, evidence on the potential harms of these interventions is limited, and adverse events related to exercise and PA remain under-investigated.
文摘The mental health of adolescents is a priority for successful development.Physical activity(PA)and exercise can have effects on the mental health of adolescents.This review analysed the effect that physical exercise interventions can have on the mental health of healthy adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age.The search was carried out in four databases.PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus and SportDiscuss,were searched up to December 31,2022,following the general model.Eleven studies were selected,with a total sample of 23681 participants in 2435 studies published in the last 5 years involving healthy adolescents.The search process and review of the articles was performed by independent expert investigators.The risk-of-bias and the methodological quality were analysed using the Cochrane scale.The limited and heterogeneous studies conducted so far do not clearly establish the benefits of PA on adolescents’mental health.However,some PA interventions seem to improve subjective well-being,self-esteem,physical and mental well-being,anxiety,lifestyle,emotional intelligence,depressive mood,and perceived benefit and confidence in healthy adolescents.It is important to design an effective and appropriate physical exercise programme that can be implemented for adolescents to achieve significant effects on their mental health.Studies that did not implement an appropriate exercise program with improvements in adolescent physical fitness showed no changes in psychological variables.Further research is needed to clearly establish that exercise programmes have positive effects on mental health in healthy adolescents.
基金co-funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the FitSpirit organization.
文摘This study aimed(1)to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual(V)exercise videos that target adolescent girls,(2)to compare physical activity(PA)levels and exercise-related selfperception variables among groups(2019 in-person[IP],2021 IP,and 2021 V)of adolescent girls,and(3)to assess the association between the adolescents’PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP(pre-pandemic and during pandemic)and V(during pandemic)FitSpirit exercise modes.Regarding the first aim,28 adolescent girls([15.5±0.8]years old)and 29 adult women([33.0±10.3]years old)experienced the V exercise mode.For the second and third aims,376 girls([15.3±1.7]years old)participated IP in 2019(prepandemic),339 girls([14.9±1.6]years old)participated IP in 2021(during the pandemic),and 27 girls([15.5±0.8]years old)watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021(during the pandemic).Data was collected using online questionnaires.Chi-square(χ^(2))and Pearson tests were performed.Adults(76%)had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents(14%)(p<0.001).For IP exercise mode,we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud(r?0.08,p?0.046),feeling good(r=0.14,p<0.001),and being disappointed(r=-0.12,p<0.001).For the V exercise mode,there were no significant correlations.In conclusion,better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered.These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472611)The“14th Five Year Plan”Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Chengdu Sport University(23CXTD02)Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China(2025-A028)。
文摘Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1104500 to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108002 and82225005 to JX and 82370277 to HW)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23ZR1422900 to HW and 23410750100 to JX)supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)International Partnering Award。
文摘Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially in some patients with organ failure.^(2)Therefore,“exercise pills”and“exercise mimetics”have attracted growing interest because of their potential to induce exercise-related health effects despite physical exercise not being performed.^(3)Robust studies over the past decade have identified many natural biomacromolecules,such as peptide,non-coding Ribonucleic Acid(RNAs),and lipids,that are induced by exercise.^(4-6)These molecules trigger physiological adaptations,including promotion of cardiomyocyte proliferation,anti-apoptotic capacity,and healthy tissue growth.7However,identifying or designing an exercise pill that mimics the extensive benefits of exercise is still challenging.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32371244 and 92057118 to M.H.)and the 2023 Shanghai Eastern Talent Plan Leading Project(to M.H.)supported by the innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai(grant numbers SHSMUZDCX20212000 and SHSMU-ZDCX20211202 to M.H.)+1 种基金the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities to M.H.labsupported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(grant number 2025GXNSFAA069105 to M.H.).
文摘Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity of exercise exert distinct physiological impacts on the human body[1].Notably,acute exercise(AE)primarily elicits immediate metabolic responses and immune activation to cope with environmental stimuli,whereas long-term exercise(LE)induces cumulative health benefits across multiple organ systems[2‒4].Aging represents a complex biological process that persists throughout the ontogenetic continuum and serves as a pivotal etiological determinant for numerous chronic pathologies.In the context of accelerating global demographic aging,the development of interventions to promote healthspan extension and modulate aging trajectories has become a paramount research imperative in geroscience.Currently,research on the relationship between exercise and aging is a hot topic.For example,exercise has been shown to modulate aging through pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)[5].However,the precise molecular links remain elusive.In a recent breakthrough study,Geng et al.used a novel multi-omics strategy to pinpoint betaine,a glycine derivative from choline/diet that serves as both a hepatic methyl donor and a renal osmoprotectant,as a key exercise-induced molecule with anti-inflammatory and geroprotective effects mediated partially via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)inhibition[6,7].This work represents a significant advance as it systematically maps the molecular divergence between acute and long-term exercise while establishing a direct link between renal metabolism and systemic senescence-delaying benefits.
文摘1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.
文摘Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(P01HL040962)。
文摘Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.
基金supported by an AIMS fellowship grant from the University of West Florida(04523:YL)partially by the National Institutes of Health grant under Award Number R16-GM149358the National Science Foundation grant DUE 2344997.
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons.It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide.While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available,they only provide symptomatic relief,as there is currently no cure for PD.In contrast,exercise training,a non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological,cognitive,and physiological(motor)impairments associated with PD.Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training,gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe.This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity.Furthermore,the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis(e.g.,modulations on neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,mitochondria dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy)will be emphasized.
基金MAF is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant(APP1194141)Research in his laboratory was supported by project grants from the NHMRC(APP1042465,APP1041760,and APP1156511).
文摘Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function,alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.Methods Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 J mice commenced a high fat diet(HFD)or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked(sedentary)or unlocked(voluntary exercise training(VET))running wheels at 10 weeks of age.Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition,and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.Results Compared with chow-fed animals,the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins(CL)in the heart,which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration.Importantly,VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complexes II and IV activity following high fat feeding,while VET enhanced complex I activity,emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.Conclusion This study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR were enrolled in a prospective study.They were randomly divided into an acupuncture group,an exercise group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.All three groups received routine Western rehabilitation training.In addition,the acupuncture group was treated with“Si Tian Xue”[four points with“Tian”in their names,including Tianyou(TE16),Tianchuang(SI16),Tianrong(SI17),and Tianding(LI17)]acupuncture.The exercise group practiced according to the Thirteenposture Tai Chi exercise prescription.The combined group received“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription.All interventions lasted for 12 weeks in three groups.The neck disability index(NDI)and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared among the three groups before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment.Before treatment and after 12-week treatment,the range of motion(ROM)of cervical in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion,as well as the mean power frequency(MPF)of surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of the erector spinae and trapezius,the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries,and the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)score was compared among the three groups.Results:After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,the NDI and VAS scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the NDI and VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the acupuncture group and the exercise group at the same time points(P<0.05).After treatment,the cervical ROM in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion in the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the MPF of the erector spinae and trapezius and the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score of the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and it was significantly higher in the combined group than in the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture or the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription alone,the combination of the two can more effectively improve cervical function and microcirculation,relieve pain,and improve the quality of life in patients with CR.
文摘This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.
文摘This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.
文摘Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.
文摘Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.
