According to the proposed hypothesis, graphic characters trigger the subcortical visual route. The reaction discussed is very weak. Yet, its very existence has an unusual importance: characters and (occluded) venomous...According to the proposed hypothesis, graphic characters trigger the subcortical visual route. The reaction discussed is very weak. Yet, its very existence has an unusual importance: characters and (occluded) venomous snakeskin patterns reveal themselves as conflatable. Furthermore, following tractogra<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">- </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">phic research, a functional segregation of the subcortical pathway is to be <span>presupposed. Thus, there can’t be a later dissociation of two stimuli pre</span>viously associated. The outc</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">omes of lecture will gradually appear probabilistically <span>(much) more peaceful than encountering a venomous snake, though, and</span> thus a continuous lessening of the reaction is expectable. Here, on one hand, it is relevant that the subcortical visual pathway goes to the amygdala. The reactions we describe tap into goal-oriented processes, and they will do that un<span>fettered. On the other hand, in the case of characters, since the beginning,</span> fear has been converted into appetition to a great degree. This process should be fostered in the presence of light. In this way, luminosity might become a conditioned stimulus for attraction. In this case, a Pavlovian addiction for light <span>will foster, yet also—from the point of view of reward fee</span>ling—counterbalance the lessening of the stimulation elicited by characters. The addiction we refer to is one towards light accompanied by graphic signs. Yet, as opposed to the case of the luminous medium, the attention captured by the later ones taken for themselves is continuously reduced.</span></span></span>展开更多
Action is not just behavior.Without beliefs,desires,and intentions as reasons,action cannot be considered action.This is the central idea of the contemporary philosophy of action.But where does the root lie in explain...Action is not just behavior.Without beliefs,desires,and intentions as reasons,action cannot be considered action.This is the central idea of the contemporary philosophy of action.But where does the root lie in explaining action by the reasons of belief,desire,and intention?What is the fundamental difference between mental causal states and the brain's neural-dynamic causal states as reasons for action?The literature of philosophy of mind offers various perspectives on these questions.The active inference theory,centered on the free energy principle(FEP),provides new resources for explaining mental causation in animals and humans.The physical explanation of action is limited to efficient causal explanations,while the intentional mental causation emphasized by Davidson and Searle is precisely the internalization of natural teleological causation in animals and humans.This internalization follows the FEP of self-organizing systems;it has evolved through long and complex evolutionary game processes.FEP is not only a telelolgical principle,but also the law of nature that provides the foundation for intentional explanations of action.The active inference that emerges through natural competition and selection follows a second-order natural law,FEP,providing a natural mechanism for resolving mind-body problems such as anomalous monism.展开更多
This paper introduces a theory of mind that positions language as a cognitive tool in its own right for the optimization of biological fitness.I argue that human language reconstruction of reality results from biologi...This paper introduces a theory of mind that positions language as a cognitive tool in its own right for the optimization of biological fitness.I argue that human language reconstruction of reality results from biological memory and adaptation to uncertain environmental conditions for the reaffirmation of the Selfas-symbol.I demonstrate that pretrained language models,such as ChatGPT,lack embodied grounding,which compromises their ability to adequately model the world through language due to the absence of subjecthood and conscious states for event recognition and partition.At a deep level,I challenge the notion that the constitution of a semiotic Self relies on computational reflection,arguing against reducing human representation to data structures and emphasizing the importance of positing accurate models of human representation through language.This underscores the distinction between transformers as posthuman agents and humans as purposeful biological agents,which emphasizes the human capacity for purposeful biological adjustment and optimization.One of the main conclusions of this is that the capacity to integrate information does not amount to phenomenal consciousness as argued by Information Integration Theory.Moreover,while language models exhibit superior computational capacity,they lack the real consciousness providing them with multiscalar experience anchored in the physical world,a characteristic of human cognition.However,the paper anticipates the emergence of new in silico conceptualizers capable of defining themselves as phenomenal agents with symbolic contours and specific goals.展开更多
The global positioning system(GPS)has motivated rapid advances in mobility data collection.A massive amount of spatio-temporal information has made it possible to know where a person was and when,but not how and why(s...The global positioning system(GPS)has motivated rapid advances in mobility data collection.A massive amount of spatio-temporal information has made it possible to know where a person was and when,but not how and why(s)he travelled,creating the need for inference models.Compared with mode detection,purpose imputation has been insufficiently studied.However,the relative lack of attention to purpose identification does not mean that this field has not emerged.For this paper,which is the first review dedicated to inferringtrip purposes from GPS data,1162 non-duplicate papers from four databases(Scopus,Web of Science,ScienceDirect and TRID)were screened,and a corpus of 25 publications was selected for examination.Based on these papers,the purpose imputation problem is defined in the contexts of the evolution of GPS-based travel surveys and two research domains,transportation science(TS)and human geography(HG).Subsequently,three steps of the purpose detection process,namely trip end detection,input feature selection and main algorithms and validation,are surveyed.During these procedures,the differences between studies in TS and those in HG are highlighted.Finally,unresolved issues related to data and feature selection,algorithms and assessment are discussed substantially to provide potential research directions.This review may be an inform ative reference for those newly accessing the GPS-based purpose imputation field and/or intending to develop solutions to this problem.展开更多
文摘According to the proposed hypothesis, graphic characters trigger the subcortical visual route. The reaction discussed is very weak. Yet, its very existence has an unusual importance: characters and (occluded) venomous snakeskin patterns reveal themselves as conflatable. Furthermore, following tractogra<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">- </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">phic research, a functional segregation of the subcortical pathway is to be <span>presupposed. Thus, there can’t be a later dissociation of two stimuli pre</span>viously associated. The outc</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">omes of lecture will gradually appear probabilistically <span>(much) more peaceful than encountering a venomous snake, though, and</span> thus a continuous lessening of the reaction is expectable. Here, on one hand, it is relevant that the subcortical visual pathway goes to the amygdala. The reactions we describe tap into goal-oriented processes, and they will do that un<span>fettered. On the other hand, in the case of characters, since the beginning,</span> fear has been converted into appetition to a great degree. This process should be fostered in the presence of light. In this way, luminosity might become a conditioned stimulus for attraction. In this case, a Pavlovian addiction for light <span>will foster, yet also—from the point of view of reward fee</span>ling—counterbalance the lessening of the stimulation elicited by characters. The addiction we refer to is one towards light accompanied by graphic signs. Yet, as opposed to the case of the luminous medium, the attention captured by the later ones taken for themselves is continuously reduced.</span></span></span>
文摘Action is not just behavior.Without beliefs,desires,and intentions as reasons,action cannot be considered action.This is the central idea of the contemporary philosophy of action.But where does the root lie in explaining action by the reasons of belief,desire,and intention?What is the fundamental difference between mental causal states and the brain's neural-dynamic causal states as reasons for action?The literature of philosophy of mind offers various perspectives on these questions.The active inference theory,centered on the free energy principle(FEP),provides new resources for explaining mental causation in animals and humans.The physical explanation of action is limited to efficient causal explanations,while the intentional mental causation emphasized by Davidson and Searle is precisely the internalization of natural teleological causation in animals and humans.This internalization follows the FEP of self-organizing systems;it has evolved through long and complex evolutionary game processes.FEP is not only a telelolgical principle,but also the law of nature that provides the foundation for intentional explanations of action.The active inference that emerges through natural competition and selection follows a second-order natural law,FEP,providing a natural mechanism for resolving mind-body problems such as anomalous monism.
文摘This paper introduces a theory of mind that positions language as a cognitive tool in its own right for the optimization of biological fitness.I argue that human language reconstruction of reality results from biological memory and adaptation to uncertain environmental conditions for the reaffirmation of the Selfas-symbol.I demonstrate that pretrained language models,such as ChatGPT,lack embodied grounding,which compromises their ability to adequately model the world through language due to the absence of subjecthood and conscious states for event recognition and partition.At a deep level,I challenge the notion that the constitution of a semiotic Self relies on computational reflection,arguing against reducing human representation to data structures and emphasizing the importance of positing accurate models of human representation through language.This underscores the distinction between transformers as posthuman agents and humans as purposeful biological agents,which emphasizes the human capacity for purposeful biological adjustment and optimization.One of the main conclusions of this is that the capacity to integrate information does not amount to phenomenal consciousness as argued by Information Integration Theory.Moreover,while language models exhibit superior computational capacity,they lack the real consciousness providing them with multiscalar experience anchored in the physical world,a characteristic of human cognition.However,the paper anticipates the emergence of new in silico conceptualizers capable of defining themselves as phenomenal agents with symbolic contours and specific goals.
基金the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam(The educational program 911)。
文摘The global positioning system(GPS)has motivated rapid advances in mobility data collection.A massive amount of spatio-temporal information has made it possible to know where a person was and when,but not how and why(s)he travelled,creating the need for inference models.Compared with mode detection,purpose imputation has been insufficiently studied.However,the relative lack of attention to purpose identification does not mean that this field has not emerged.For this paper,which is the first review dedicated to inferringtrip purposes from GPS data,1162 non-duplicate papers from four databases(Scopus,Web of Science,ScienceDirect and TRID)were screened,and a corpus of 25 publications was selected for examination.Based on these papers,the purpose imputation problem is defined in the contexts of the evolution of GPS-based travel surveys and two research domains,transportation science(TS)and human geography(HG).Subsequently,three steps of the purpose detection process,namely trip end detection,input feature selection and main algorithms and validation,are surveyed.During these procedures,the differences between studies in TS and those in HG are highlighted.Finally,unresolved issues related to data and feature selection,algorithms and assessment are discussed substantially to provide potential research directions.This review may be an inform ative reference for those newly accessing the GPS-based purpose imputation field and/or intending to develop solutions to this problem.
