We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid op...We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid optical amplifier integrated (EDFA and SOA) with Co-existence Element (CEX) module which is installed at the Central Office (CO) together with the OLT system and act as a booster and pre-amplifier for the downstream and upstream optical signal respectively. The results show that the proposed ACEX is capable to support XGS-PON operation for a maximum distance of 35 km with 128 splitting ratio and up to 44 dB link loss.展开更多
In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challeng...In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.展开更多
Gallium nitride(GaN)single crystal with prominent electron mobility and heat resistance have great potential in the high temperature integrate electric power systems.However,the sluggish charge storage kinetics and in...Gallium nitride(GaN)single crystal with prominent electron mobility and heat resistance have great potential in the high temperature integrate electric power systems.However,the sluggish charge storage kinetics and inadequate energy densities are bottlenecks to its practical application.Herein,the self-supported GaN/Mn_(3)O_(4) integrated electrode is developed for both energy harvesting and storage under the high temperature environment.The experimental and theoretical calculations results reveal that such integrated structures with Mn-N heterointerface bring abundant active sites and reconstruct low-energy barrier channels for efficient charge transferring,reasonably optimizing the ions adsorption ability and strengthening the structural stability.Consequently,the assembled GaN based supercapacitors deliver the power density of 34.0 mW cm^(-2) with capacitance retention of 81.3%after 10000 cycles at 130℃.This work innovatively correlates the centimeter scale GaN single crystal with ideal theoretical capacity Mn_(3)O_(4) and provides an effective avenue for the follow-up energy storage applications of the wide bandgap semiconductor.展开更多
Permanent magnet synchronous motor based electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have widespread applications in the aviation field,such as unmanned aerial vehicle electric servos,electric cabin doors,and mechanical...Permanent magnet synchronous motor based electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have widespread applications in the aviation field,such as unmanned aerial vehicle electric servos,electric cabin doors,and mechanical arms.The performance of the servo drive,which encompasses the response to the torque,efficiency,control bandwidth and the steady-state positioning accuracy,significantly influences the performance of the aviation actuation.Consequently,enhancing the control bandwidth and refining the positioning accuracy of aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have emerged as a focal point of research.This paper investigates the multi-source disturbances present in aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo systems and summarizes recent research on high-performance servo control methods based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).We present a comprehensive overview of the research status pertaining to servo control architecture,strategies for suppressing disturbances in the current loop,and ADRC-based strategies for the position loop.We delineate the research challenges and difficulties encountered by aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drive control technology.展开更多
Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load,a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power o...Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load,a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power optimization based on clustering-local relaxation-correction is proposed.Firstly,the k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the reduced power scene into periods.Then,the discrete variables and continuous variables are optimized in the same period of time.Finally,the number of input groups of parallel capacitor banks(CB)in multiple periods is fixed,and then the secondary static reactive power optimization correction is carried out by using the continuous reactive power output device based on the static reactive power compensation device(SVC),the new energy grid-connected inverter,and the electric vehicle charging station.According to the characteristics of the model,a hybrid optimization algorithm with a cross-feedback mechanism is used to solve different types of variables,and an improved artificial hummingbird algorithm based on tent chaotic mapping and adaptive mutation is proposed to improve the solution efficiency.The simulation results show that the proposed decoupling strategy can obtain satisfactory optimization resultswhile strictly guaranteeing the dynamic constraints of discrete variables,and the hybrid algorithm can effectively solve the mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem.展开更多
Cu/ZnO-based catalysts are widely employed for methanol synthesis via CO_(2) hydrogenation.The preparation procedure is sensitive to the particle size and interfacial structure,which are considered as potential active...Cu/ZnO-based catalysts are widely employed for methanol synthesis via CO_(2) hydrogenation.The preparation procedure is sensitive to the particle size and interfacial structure,which are considered as potential active centers influencing the rate of both methanol and CO formation.The particle size and the interaction between Cu and the support materials are influenced by the coprecipitation conditions,let alone that the mechanistic divergence remains unclear.In this work,a series of Cu/ZnO/ZrO_(2) catalysts were prepared via co-precipitation at different pH value and systematically characterized.The structure has been correlated with kinetic results to establish the structure-performance relationship.Kinetic analysis demonstrates that methanol synthesis follows a single-site Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)mechanism,i.e.,Cu serves as the active site where CO_(2) and H_(2) competitively adsorb and react to form methanol.In contrast,CO formation proceeds via a dual-site L-H mechanism,where CO_(2) adsorbs onto ZnO and H_(2) onto Cu,with the reaction occurring at the Cu/ZnO interface.Therefore,for the direct formation of methanol,solely reducing the particle size of Cu would not be beneficial.展开更多
In the last decade,the study of pressure in active matter has attracted growing attention due to its fundamental relevance to nonequilibrium statistical physics.Active matter systems are composed of particles that con...In the last decade,the study of pressure in active matter has attracted growing attention due to its fundamental relevance to nonequilibrium statistical physics.Active matter systems are composed of particles that consume energy to sustain persistent motion,which are inherently far from equilibrium.These particles can exhibit complex behaviors,including motility-induced phase separation,clustering,and anomalous stress distributions,motivating the introduction of active swim stress and swim pressure.Unlike in passive fluids,pressure in active systems emerges from momentum flux originating from swim force rather than equilibrium conservative interactions,offering a distinct perspective for understanding their mechanical response.Simple models of active Brownian particles(ABPs)have been employed in theoretical and simulation studies across both dilute and dense regimes,revealing that pressure is a state function and exhibits a nontrivial dependence on density.Together with nonequilibrium statistical concepts such as effective temperature and effective adhesion,pressure offers important insight for understanding behaviors in active matter such as sedimentation equilibrium and motility induced phase separation.Extensions of ABP models beyond their simplest form have underscored the fragility of the pressure-based equation of state,which can break down under factors such as density-dependent velocity,torque,complex boundary geometries and interactions.Building on these developments,this review provides a comprehensive survey of theoretical and experimental advances,with particular emphasis on the microscopic origins of active pressure and the mechanisms underlying the breakdown of the equation of state.展开更多
This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by ...This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by highlighting the role of the liver in metabolism and discusses the high mortality associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy, such as multidrug resistance and off-target effects, necessitate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, with a focus on targeted approaches. The review details both passive and active targeting strategies. Passive targeting leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and unique features of the tumor microenvironment, while active targeting employs specific ligands, such as peptides, antibodies, and proteins, to bind to overexpressed receptors on liver and tumor cells. The article further details many examples of active targeting using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), transferrin receptor (TfR), and folate receptor (FR) on hepatocytes and tumor cells, demonstrating that there has been significant research effort put into this field. The importance of non-parenchymal cells in the liver is also discussed, and the article examines methods of targeting Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells for therapeutic benefit. The review goes on to cover the emerging field of subcellular targeting, including specific strategies to target the nucleus, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, noting that although there has been some progress, further research is needed in this area. The text finishes with a summary which acknowledges that while targeted therapies, including enzyme-activated prodrugs, such as Pradefovir, and other novel methods for drug delivery have shown significant promise, challenges remain in translating these therapies into clinical use due to limitations in understanding the sequential transport and the mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the need for in-depth research to fully realize the potential of precision cancer therapies for liver cancer.展开更多
Polygonati Rhizoma,a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine broadly used in China and several Southeast Asia countries,possesses effective health-promoting activities.Prepared from 3 plants in Polygonatum ...Polygonati Rhizoma,a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine broadly used in China and several Southeast Asia countries,possesses effective health-promoting activities.Prepared from 3 plants in Polygonatum genus(Polygonatum kingianum,Polygonatum sibiricum,and Polygonatum cyrtonema),Polygonati Rhizoma has drawn increasing attention due to its remarkable immune-enhancing and metabolic regulatory activities in recent years.In this review,we summarized the updated research of chemical constituents and biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma,especially the metabolic regulation,immunomodulatory effects,and anti-fatigue activities,aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding,broaden the usage and promote more in-depth exploration of Polygonati Rhizoma as a functional food.展开更多
Pump valve pipeline vibration brings serious safety hazards to the operation of the equipment,for the pump valve system in the process of variable flow,variable speed,variable openings lead to excessive pipeline vibra...Pump valve pipeline vibration brings serious safety hazards to the operation of the equipment,for the pump valve system in the process of variable flow,variable speed,variable openings lead to excessive pipeline vibration.An active damping device(ADD)is used to the vibration of the pump valve pipeline system to apply the control force,to achieve the active control of the pipeline vibration.A pump-valve pipeline vibration test bench was built to compare the control effect of active damping device on pipeline vibration under different pump valve working conditions,and the results show that applying ADD control could effectively suppress the vibration of the pump valve pipeline and enhance the stability of the equipment during operation.At different pump operating rotation frequencies,the vibration amplitude of the pump valve pipeline in working frequency and its multiple frequencies are also effectively suppressed,with the maximum amplitude reduction of more than 60%.For the valve vibration caused by different operating openings,the vibration of the highest reduction of 68%,and the centrifugal pump drive shaft vi-bration reduced by up to 73%,which provides a new idea for vibration control of pump valve pipeline system.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR)utilizing water as a hydrogen source under ambient conditions represents a highly promising avenue for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation.Howe...Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR)utilizing water as a hydrogen source under ambient conditions represents a highly promising avenue for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation.However,achieving high efficiency and selectivity in NitRR is fundamentally challenged by the complex lifecycle management of active hydrogen derived from water splitting.This review provides a timely and comprehensive analysis centered on the pivotal role and meticulous regulation of active hydrogen throughout the NitRR process.We first elucidate the distinct functions and characteristics of various hydrogen species,followed by a survey of advanced characterization techniques crucial for monitoring the dynamics of active hydrogen.Critically,three core strategies were systematically dissected to modulate the active hydrogen lifecycle:accelerating water activation and dissociation,enhancing the directional transport of hydrogen species,and precisely tuning active hydrogen coupling pathways while suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution.By consolidating current understanding from both catalyst design and reaction mechanism perspectives,this review offers a hydrogen-centric roadmap and highlights emerging opportunities for rationally engineering advanced NitRR systems.展开更多
Objective:To conduct a scoping review on the application status of the Functional Activity Score(FAS)in postoperative active pain management in China,providing a reference for its standardized and normative promotion....Objective:To conduct a scoping review on the application status of the Functional Activity Score(FAS)in postoperative active pain management in China,providing a reference for its standardized and normative promotion.Methods:Computerized searches of Chinese and English databases were performed to collect studies published by Chinese scholars from 2005 to July 2025 on the application of FAS in postoperative active pain management.After strict screening,the basic characteristics,application fields,assessment models,evaluation timing,types of functional activities,and clinical outcomes of the included literature were systematically analyzed.Results:A total of 18 studies were included,involving surgical types such as thoracic surgery,general surgery,and orthopedics.All studies adopted FAS combined with the Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)for assessment,with evaluation timing mostly concentrated within 72 hours postoperatively.The selected functional activities primarily included respiration-related and limb movements.Evaluation indicators covered pain control,functional recovery,complications,adverse events,patient experience,and tool assessment,with most studies reporting positive outcomes.Conclusion:FAS can effectively enhance pain control and promote functional recovery in postoperative active pain management in China,demonstrating high clinical value.However,existing studies exhibit inconsistencies in assessment criteria,selection of activity types,and research quality.展开更多
Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to th...Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamic evolution of catalytic active sites is vital for advancing the study of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination.Here,we successfully developed a Ru-DIPEA/TMS...A comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamic evolution of catalytic active sites is vital for advancing the study of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination.Here,we successfully developed a Ru-DIPEA/TMS catalyst optimised through systematic composition and condition tuning,demonstrating exceptional performance with 95.5%C_(2)H_(2)conversion and sustaining over 91.1%activity along with nearly 100%selectivity for VCM during a continuous 900-h test.Using a combination of characterisation techniques,including UV–vis spectroscopy,FT-IR spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,singlecrystal X-ray diffraction,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy,along with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the structure and dynamic behaviour of the active sites were thoroughly investigated under the synergistic influence of ligands and HCl.The results revealed that HCl activation induces a significant structural transformation of the active sites,leading to the formation of a hexacoordinate complex,Ru(CO)_(2)C_(12)(C_(6)H_(15)N·HCl)_(2).DFT calculations further elucidated the mechanism underlying active site formation,revealing that an increased electron density around the Ru centre and corresponding changes in its coordination environment play critical roles in enhancing catalyst stability and activity.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural basis of active site evolution during acetylene hydrochlorination,offering both practical insights into industrial applications and foundational knowledge for advancing liquid-phase catalysis.展开更多
With the growing demands for food safety,quality,and environmental protection,active food packaging is playing an increasingly vital role in the food industry.Traditional food packaging primarily protects products and...With the growing demands for food safety,quality,and environmental protection,active food packaging is playing an increasingly vital role in the food industry.Traditional food packaging primarily protects products and facilitates transportation.Active food packaging,however,not only fulfills these fundamental functions but also actively interacts with the food or its environment to extend shelf life and enhance food safety.From current research advancements and market applications,active food packaging demonstrates the following prominent development trends.展开更多
Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has become increasingly critical in civic surveillance,medical care monitoring,and institutional protection.Current deep learning-based approaches often suffer from excessive computation...Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has become increasingly critical in civic surveillance,medical care monitoring,and institutional protection.Current deep learning-based approaches often suffer from excessive computational complexity,limited generalizability under varying conditions,and compromised real-time performance.To counter these,this paper introduces an Active Learning-aided Heuristic Deep Spatio-Textural Ensemble Learning(ALH-DSEL)framework.The model initially identifies keyframes from the surveillance videos with a Multi-Constraint Active Learning(MCAL)approach,with features extracted from DenseNet121.The frames are then segmented employing an optimized Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm with Firefly to identify areas of interest.A deep ensemble feature extractor,comprising DenseNet121,EfficientNet-B7,MobileNet,and GLCM,extracts varied spatial and textural features.Fused characteristics are enhanced through PCA and Min-Max normalization and discriminated by a maximum voting ensemble of RF,AdaBoost,and XGBoost.The experimental results show that ALH-DSEL provides higher accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,validating its superiority for real-time HAR in surveillance scenarios.展开更多
The conformational and dynamical properties of a long semi-flexible active polymer chain confined in a circular cavity are studied by using Langevin dynamics simulation method.Results show that the steady radius of gy...The conformational and dynamical properties of a long semi-flexible active polymer chain confined in a circular cavity are studied by using Langevin dynamics simulation method.Results show that the steady radius of gyration of the polymer decreases monotonically with increasing the active force.Interestingly,the polymer forms stable compact spiral with directional rotation at the steady state when the active force is large.Both the radius of gyration and the angular velocity of the spiral are nearly independent of the cavity size,but show scaling relations with the active force and the polymer length.It is further found that the formation of the stable compact spiral in most cases is a two-step relaxation process,where the polymer first forms a metastable swelling quasi spiral and then transforms into the stable compacted spiral near the wall of the cavity.The relaxation time is mainly determined by the transformation of the swelling quasi spiral,and shows remarkable dependence on the size of the cavity.Specially,when the circumference of the circular is nearly equivalent to the polymer length,it is difficult for the polymer to form the compacted spiral,leading to a large relaxation time.The underlying mechanism of the formation of the compacted spiral is revealed.展开更多
Dynamical systems often exhibit multiple attractors representing significantly different functioning conditions.A global map of attraction basins can offer valuable guidance for stabilizing or transitioning system sta...Dynamical systems often exhibit multiple attractors representing significantly different functioning conditions.A global map of attraction basins can offer valuable guidance for stabilizing or transitioning system states.Such a map can be constructed without prior system knowledge by identifying attractors across a sufficient number of points in the state space.However,determining the attractor for each initial state can be a laborious task.Here,we tackle the challenge of reconstructing attraction basins using as few initial points as possible.In each iteration of our approach,informative points are selected through random seeding and are driven along the current classification boundary,promoting the eventual selection of points that are both diverse and enlightening.The results across various experimental dynamical systems demonstrate that our approach requires fewer points than baseline methods while achieving comparable mapping accuracy.Additionally,the reconstructed map allows us to accurately estimate the minimum escape distance required to transition the system state to a target basin.展开更多
In materials science,a significant correlation often exists between material input parameters and their corresponding performance attributes.Nevertheless,the inherent challenges associated with small data obscure thes...In materials science,a significant correlation often exists between material input parameters and their corresponding performance attributes.Nevertheless,the inherent challenges associated with small data obscure these statistical correlations,impeding machine learning models from effectively capturing the underlying patterns,thereby hampering efficient optimization of material properties.This work presents a novel active learning framework that integrates generative adversarial networks(GAN)with a directionally constrained expected absolute improvement(EAI)acquisition function to accelerate the discovery of ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)using small data.The framework employs GAN for data augmentation,symbolic regression for feature weight derivation,and a self-developed EAI function that incorporates input feature importance weighting to quantify bidirectional deviations from zero ablation rate.Through only two iterations,this framework successfully identified the optimal composition of HfB_(2)-3.52SiC-5.23TaSi_(2),which exhibits robust near-zero ablation rates under plasma ablation at 2500℃ for 200 s,demonstrating superior sampling efficiency compared to conventional active learning approaches.Microstructural analysis reveals that the exceptional performance stems from the formation of a highly viscous HfO_(2)-SiO_(2)-Ta_(2)O_(5)-HfSiO_(4)-Hf_(3)(BO_(3))_(4) oxide layer,which provides effective oxygen barrier protection.This work demonstrates an efficient and universal approach for rapid materials discovery using small data.展开更多
In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,t...In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.展开更多
文摘We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid optical amplifier integrated (EDFA and SOA) with Co-existence Element (CEX) module which is installed at the Central Office (CO) together with the OLT system and act as a booster and pre-amplifier for the downstream and upstream optical signal respectively. The results show that the proposed ACEX is capable to support XGS-PON operation for a maximum distance of 35 km with 128 splitting ratio and up to 44 dB link loss.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,China(Grant Nos.:ZZ16-YQ-037,JIPY2023003,and JJPY2022022)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS)Innovation Fund(Grant No.:CI2021A00601).
文摘In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.
基金supported by NSFC(Grant No.52202265,52302004,52472010,62434010)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202306330)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807094009018)Xiaomi Young Talents Program(2023XM06).
文摘Gallium nitride(GaN)single crystal with prominent electron mobility and heat resistance have great potential in the high temperature integrate electric power systems.However,the sluggish charge storage kinetics and inadequate energy densities are bottlenecks to its practical application.Herein,the self-supported GaN/Mn_(3)O_(4) integrated electrode is developed for both energy harvesting and storage under the high temperature environment.The experimental and theoretical calculations results reveal that such integrated structures with Mn-N heterointerface bring abundant active sites and reconstruct low-energy barrier channels for efficient charge transferring,reasonably optimizing the ions adsorption ability and strengthening the structural stability.Consequently,the assembled GaN based supercapacitors deliver the power density of 34.0 mW cm^(-2) with capacitance retention of 81.3%after 10000 cycles at 130℃.This work innovatively correlates the centimeter scale GaN single crystal with ideal theoretical capacity Mn_(3)O_(4) and provides an effective avenue for the follow-up energy storage applications of the wide bandgap semiconductor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52177059 and 52407064).
文摘Permanent magnet synchronous motor based electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have widespread applications in the aviation field,such as unmanned aerial vehicle electric servos,electric cabin doors,and mechanical arms.The performance of the servo drive,which encompasses the response to the torque,efficiency,control bandwidth and the steady-state positioning accuracy,significantly influences the performance of the aviation actuation.Consequently,enhancing the control bandwidth and refining the positioning accuracy of aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have emerged as a focal point of research.This paper investigates the multi-source disturbances present in aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo systems and summarizes recent research on high-performance servo control methods based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).We present a comprehensive overview of the research status pertaining to servo control architecture,strategies for suppressing disturbances in the current loop,and ADRC-based strategies for the position loop.We delineate the research challenges and difficulties encountered by aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drive control technology.
基金funded by the“Research and Application Project of Collaborative Optimization Control Technology for Distribution Station Area for High Proportion Distributed PV Consumption(4000-202318079A-1-1-ZN)”of the Headquarters of the State Grid Corporation.
文摘Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load,a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power optimization based on clustering-local relaxation-correction is proposed.Firstly,the k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the reduced power scene into periods.Then,the discrete variables and continuous variables are optimized in the same period of time.Finally,the number of input groups of parallel capacitor banks(CB)in multiple periods is fixed,and then the secondary static reactive power optimization correction is carried out by using the continuous reactive power output device based on the static reactive power compensation device(SVC),the new energy grid-connected inverter,and the electric vehicle charging station.According to the characteristics of the model,a hybrid optimization algorithm with a cross-feedback mechanism is used to solve different types of variables,and an improved artificial hummingbird algorithm based on tent chaotic mapping and adaptive mutation is proposed to improve the solution efficiency.The simulation results show that the proposed decoupling strategy can obtain satisfactory optimization resultswhile strictly guaranteeing the dynamic constraints of discrete variables,and the hybrid algorithm can effectively solve the mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem.
基金supported by Research Grant from China Petroleum and Chemical Corp。
文摘Cu/ZnO-based catalysts are widely employed for methanol synthesis via CO_(2) hydrogenation.The preparation procedure is sensitive to the particle size and interfacial structure,which are considered as potential active centers influencing the rate of both methanol and CO formation.The particle size and the interaction between Cu and the support materials are influenced by the coprecipitation conditions,let alone that the mechanistic divergence remains unclear.In this work,a series of Cu/ZnO/ZrO_(2) catalysts were prepared via co-precipitation at different pH value and systematically characterized.The structure has been correlated with kinetic results to establish the structure-performance relationship.Kinetic analysis demonstrates that methanol synthesis follows a single-site Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)mechanism,i.e.,Cu serves as the active site where CO_(2) and H_(2) competitively adsorb and react to form methanol.In contrast,CO formation proceeds via a dual-site L-H mechanism,where CO_(2) adsorbs onto ZnO and H_(2) onto Cu,with the reaction occurring at the Cu/ZnO interface.Therefore,for the direct formation of methanol,solely reducing the particle size of Cu would not be beneficial.
基金financial support from the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12474195)the Key Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.2023ZDZX3021)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2024A1515011343)。
文摘In the last decade,the study of pressure in active matter has attracted growing attention due to its fundamental relevance to nonequilibrium statistical physics.Active matter systems are composed of particles that consume energy to sustain persistent motion,which are inherently far from equilibrium.These particles can exhibit complex behaviors,including motility-induced phase separation,clustering,and anomalous stress distributions,motivating the introduction of active swim stress and swim pressure.Unlike in passive fluids,pressure in active systems emerges from momentum flux originating from swim force rather than equilibrium conservative interactions,offering a distinct perspective for understanding their mechanical response.Simple models of active Brownian particles(ABPs)have been employed in theoretical and simulation studies across both dilute and dense regimes,revealing that pressure is a state function and exhibits a nontrivial dependence on density.Together with nonequilibrium statistical concepts such as effective temperature and effective adhesion,pressure offers important insight for understanding behaviors in active matter such as sedimentation equilibrium and motility induced phase separation.Extensions of ABP models beyond their simplest form have underscored the fragility of the pressure-based equation of state,which can break down under factors such as density-dependent velocity,torque,complex boundary geometries and interactions.Building on these developments,this review provides a comprehensive survey of theoretical and experimental advances,with particular emphasis on the microscopic origins of active pressure and the mechanisms underlying the breakdown of the equation of state.
文摘This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by highlighting the role of the liver in metabolism and discusses the high mortality associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy, such as multidrug resistance and off-target effects, necessitate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, with a focus on targeted approaches. The review details both passive and active targeting strategies. Passive targeting leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and unique features of the tumor microenvironment, while active targeting employs specific ligands, such as peptides, antibodies, and proteins, to bind to overexpressed receptors on liver and tumor cells. The article further details many examples of active targeting using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), transferrin receptor (TfR), and folate receptor (FR) on hepatocytes and tumor cells, demonstrating that there has been significant research effort put into this field. The importance of non-parenchymal cells in the liver is also discussed, and the article examines methods of targeting Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells for therapeutic benefit. The review goes on to cover the emerging field of subcellular targeting, including specific strategies to target the nucleus, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, noting that although there has been some progress, further research is needed in this area. The text finishes with a summary which acknowledges that while targeted therapies, including enzyme-activated prodrugs, such as Pradefovir, and other novel methods for drug delivery have shown significant promise, challenges remain in translating these therapies into clinical use due to limitations in understanding the sequential transport and the mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the need for in-depth research to fully realize the potential of precision cancer therapies for liver cancer.
基金funded by Scientific and Technological Research Project and Technology Innovation Platform Project of Huibei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2025AFD345 and 2024CSA071)grant from Huanggang Science and Technology Bureau(ZDZX20240008)。
文摘Polygonati Rhizoma,a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine broadly used in China and several Southeast Asia countries,possesses effective health-promoting activities.Prepared from 3 plants in Polygonatum genus(Polygonatum kingianum,Polygonatum sibiricum,and Polygonatum cyrtonema),Polygonati Rhizoma has drawn increasing attention due to its remarkable immune-enhancing and metabolic regulatory activities in recent years.In this review,we summarized the updated research of chemical constituents and biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma,especially the metabolic regulation,immunomodulatory effects,and anti-fatigue activities,aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding,broaden the usage and promote more in-depth exploration of Polygonati Rhizoma as a functional food.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JD2423)。
文摘Pump valve pipeline vibration brings serious safety hazards to the operation of the equipment,for the pump valve system in the process of variable flow,variable speed,variable openings lead to excessive pipeline vibration.An active damping device(ADD)is used to the vibration of the pump valve pipeline system to apply the control force,to achieve the active control of the pipeline vibration.A pump-valve pipeline vibration test bench was built to compare the control effect of active damping device on pipeline vibration under different pump valve working conditions,and the results show that applying ADD control could effectively suppress the vibration of the pump valve pipeline and enhance the stability of the equipment during operation.At different pump operating rotation frequencies,the vibration amplitude of the pump valve pipeline in working frequency and its multiple frequencies are also effectively suppressed,with the maximum amplitude reduction of more than 60%.For the valve vibration caused by different operating openings,the vibration of the highest reduction of 68%,and the centrifugal pump drive shaft vi-bration reduced by up to 73%,which provides a new idea for vibration control of pump valve pipeline system.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179035)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Heilongjiang Province(JQ2022B001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Heilongjiang Province of China(2023-KYYWF1440)。
文摘Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR)utilizing water as a hydrogen source under ambient conditions represents a highly promising avenue for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation.However,achieving high efficiency and selectivity in NitRR is fundamentally challenged by the complex lifecycle management of active hydrogen derived from water splitting.This review provides a timely and comprehensive analysis centered on the pivotal role and meticulous regulation of active hydrogen throughout the NitRR process.We first elucidate the distinct functions and characteristics of various hydrogen species,followed by a survey of advanced characterization techniques crucial for monitoring the dynamics of active hydrogen.Critically,three core strategies were systematically dissected to modulate the active hydrogen lifecycle:accelerating water activation and dissociation,enhancing the directional transport of hydrogen species,and precisely tuning active hydrogen coupling pathways while suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution.By consolidating current understanding from both catalyst design and reaction mechanism perspectives,this review offers a hydrogen-centric roadmap and highlights emerging opportunities for rationally engineering advanced NitRR systems.
基金School-level Educational Reform Project of Hangzhou Normal University(Project No.:HLXYJG202304)。
文摘Objective:To conduct a scoping review on the application status of the Functional Activity Score(FAS)in postoperative active pain management in China,providing a reference for its standardized and normative promotion.Methods:Computerized searches of Chinese and English databases were performed to collect studies published by Chinese scholars from 2005 to July 2025 on the application of FAS in postoperative active pain management.After strict screening,the basic characteristics,application fields,assessment models,evaluation timing,types of functional activities,and clinical outcomes of the included literature were systematically analyzed.Results:A total of 18 studies were included,involving surgical types such as thoracic surgery,general surgery,and orthopedics.All studies adopted FAS combined with the Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)for assessment,with evaluation timing mostly concentrated within 72 hours postoperatively.The selected functional activities primarily included respiration-related and limb movements.Evaluation indicators covered pain control,functional recovery,complications,adverse events,patient experience,and tool assessment,with most studies reporting positive outcomes.Conclusion:FAS can effectively enhance pain control and promote functional recovery in postoperative active pain management in China,demonstrating high clinical value.However,existing studies exhibit inconsistencies in assessment criteria,selection of activity types,and research quality.
文摘Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22378308)Jing-Jin-Ji Regional Integrated Environmental Improvement-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2024ZD1200301–2)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metal Laboratory(No.YPML2023050202)。
文摘A comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamic evolution of catalytic active sites is vital for advancing the study of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination.Here,we successfully developed a Ru-DIPEA/TMS catalyst optimised through systematic composition and condition tuning,demonstrating exceptional performance with 95.5%C_(2)H_(2)conversion and sustaining over 91.1%activity along with nearly 100%selectivity for VCM during a continuous 900-h test.Using a combination of characterisation techniques,including UV–vis spectroscopy,FT-IR spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,singlecrystal X-ray diffraction,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy,along with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the structure and dynamic behaviour of the active sites were thoroughly investigated under the synergistic influence of ligands and HCl.The results revealed that HCl activation induces a significant structural transformation of the active sites,leading to the formation of a hexacoordinate complex,Ru(CO)_(2)C_(12)(C_(6)H_(15)N·HCl)_(2).DFT calculations further elucidated the mechanism underlying active site formation,revealing that an increased electron density around the Ru centre and corresponding changes in its coordination environment play critical roles in enhancing catalyst stability and activity.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural basis of active site evolution during acetylene hydrochlorination,offering both practical insights into industrial applications and foundational knowledge for advancing liquid-phase catalysis.
文摘With the growing demands for food safety,quality,and environmental protection,active food packaging is playing an increasingly vital role in the food industry.Traditional food packaging primarily protects products and facilitates transportation.Active food packaging,however,not only fulfills these fundamental functions but also actively interacts with the food or its environment to extend shelf life and enhance food safety.From current research advancements and market applications,active food packaging demonstrates the following prominent development trends.
文摘Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has become increasingly critical in civic surveillance,medical care monitoring,and institutional protection.Current deep learning-based approaches often suffer from excessive computational complexity,limited generalizability under varying conditions,and compromised real-time performance.To counter these,this paper introduces an Active Learning-aided Heuristic Deep Spatio-Textural Ensemble Learning(ALH-DSEL)framework.The model initially identifies keyframes from the surveillance videos with a Multi-Constraint Active Learning(MCAL)approach,with features extracted from DenseNet121.The frames are then segmented employing an optimized Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm with Firefly to identify areas of interest.A deep ensemble feature extractor,comprising DenseNet121,EfficientNet-B7,MobileNet,and GLCM,extracts varied spatial and textural features.Fused characteristics are enhanced through PCA and Min-Max normalization and discriminated by a maximum voting ensemble of RF,AdaBoost,and XGBoost.The experimental results show that ALH-DSEL provides higher accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,validating its superiority for real-time HAR in surveillance scenarios.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY20A040004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22203060 and 11974305).
文摘The conformational and dynamical properties of a long semi-flexible active polymer chain confined in a circular cavity are studied by using Langevin dynamics simulation method.Results show that the steady radius of gyration of the polymer decreases monotonically with increasing the active force.Interestingly,the polymer forms stable compact spiral with directional rotation at the steady state when the active force is large.Both the radius of gyration and the angular velocity of the spiral are nearly independent of the cavity size,but show scaling relations with the active force and the polymer length.It is further found that the formation of the stable compact spiral in most cases is a two-step relaxation process,where the polymer first forms a metastable swelling quasi spiral and then transforms into the stable compacted spiral near the wall of the cavity.The relaxation time is mainly determined by the transformation of the swelling quasi spiral,and shows remarkable dependence on the size of the cavity.Specially,when the circumference of the circular is nearly equivalent to the polymer length,it is difficult for the polymer to form the compacted spiral,leading to a large relaxation time.The underlying mechanism of the formation of the compacted spiral is revealed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2225022,12350710786,62088101,and 12161141016)Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation(Grant No.22SG21)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Dynamical systems often exhibit multiple attractors representing significantly different functioning conditions.A global map of attraction basins can offer valuable guidance for stabilizing or transitioning system states.Such a map can be constructed without prior system knowledge by identifying attractors across a sufficient number of points in the state space.However,determining the attractor for each initial state can be a laborious task.Here,we tackle the challenge of reconstructing attraction basins using as few initial points as possible.In each iteration of our approach,informative points are selected through random seeding and are driven along the current classification boundary,promoting the eventual selection of points that are both diverse and enlightening.The results across various experimental dynamical systems demonstrate that our approach requires fewer points than baseline methods while achieving comparable mapping accuracy.Additionally,the reconstructed map allows us to accurately estimate the minimum escape distance required to transition the system state to a target basin.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 52302093]Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province[grant numbers 20224BAB204021].
文摘In materials science,a significant correlation often exists between material input parameters and their corresponding performance attributes.Nevertheless,the inherent challenges associated with small data obscure these statistical correlations,impeding machine learning models from effectively capturing the underlying patterns,thereby hampering efficient optimization of material properties.This work presents a novel active learning framework that integrates generative adversarial networks(GAN)with a directionally constrained expected absolute improvement(EAI)acquisition function to accelerate the discovery of ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)using small data.The framework employs GAN for data augmentation,symbolic regression for feature weight derivation,and a self-developed EAI function that incorporates input feature importance weighting to quantify bidirectional deviations from zero ablation rate.Through only two iterations,this framework successfully identified the optimal composition of HfB_(2)-3.52SiC-5.23TaSi_(2),which exhibits robust near-zero ablation rates under plasma ablation at 2500℃ for 200 s,demonstrating superior sampling efficiency compared to conventional active learning approaches.Microstructural analysis reveals that the exceptional performance stems from the formation of a highly viscous HfO_(2)-SiO_(2)-Ta_(2)O_(5)-HfSiO_(4)-Hf_(3)(BO_(3))_(4) oxide layer,which provides effective oxygen barrier protection.This work demonstrates an efficient and universal approach for rapid materials discovery using small data.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA),National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Award No.2022-67018-37143.
文摘In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.
