Common activations of sulfite(S(Ⅳ))-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)utilized metal ions and oxides as catalysts,which are constrained by challenges in catalyst recovery,inadequate stability,and susceptibility...Common activations of sulfite(S(Ⅳ))-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)utilized metal ions and oxides as catalysts,which are constrained by challenges in catalyst recovery,inadequate stability,and susceptibility to secondary pollution in application.Calcium sulfite(CaSO_(3)),one of the byproducts of flue gas desulfurization,is of interest in AOPs because of its ability to slowly release S(Ⅳ),low toxicity,and costeffectiveness.Therefore,a heterogenous activator,molybdenum carbide(Mo_(2)C)was selected to stimulate Ca SO3for typical antibiotic elimination.Benefiting from the dissociation form of HSO_(3^(-))from CaSO_(3)and improved electron transfer of Mo_(2)C at pH 6,the simulated target metronidazole(MTZ)can be removed by 85.65%with rate constant of 0.02424 min^(-1)under near-neutral circumstance.The combining determinations of quenching test,electron spin resonance spectrum,and reactive species probe demonstrated singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))and sulfate radicals played leading role for MTZ decontamination.Characterization and theoretical calculation suggested the alteration of Mo valence state drove the activation of S(Ⅳ),and revealed that dissolved oxygen promoted the adsorption of HSO_(3^(-))on the surface of Mo_(2)C,then facilitating production of^(1)O_(2).The favorable stability and applicability for Mo_(2)C/CaSO_(3)process indicated an applied prospect in actual pharmaceutical wastewater.展开更多
[Objective ]The aim of this study was to improve the photostability of pho-tosensitizers. [Method] 2,5-Diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene were synthesized by replacing thiophene rings of α-terthienyl...[Objective ]The aim of this study was to improve the photostability of pho-tosensitizers. [Method] 2,5-Diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene were synthesized by replacing thiophene rings of α-terthienyl （α-T） with benzene rings. Photoactivated activities on Spodoptera litura （SL） cells, singlet oxygen with UV and photostability of photosensitizers were investigated. [Result] The cytotoxicity of pho-tosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene on SL cells was 0.22 and 0.16 μg/ml after treat-ment for 24 and 48 h, respectively, while that of 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene on SL cells was 0.06 and 0.04 μg/ml. Singlet oxygen of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene was 1.047 5, 1.529 4 μg/mmol under UV, respectively. Degradation dynamic equations of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthio-phene in methanol were Ct= 5.227 1e-0.006 1t, Ct= 5.084 2e-0.097 3t and half life was 111.79, 7.12 h. [Conclusion] Photosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene has high singlet oxygen production ability, and high photoactivated cytotoxicity on SL cells under UV. Moreover, 2,5-diphenylthiophene has overcome the deficiency of photoactivated in-secticides, which is not applied directly in field because it degrades quickly in the environment.展开更多
Iron(Ⅱ)tetra-(1,4-dithin)-porphyrazine,(FePz(dtn)_(4))is able to activate molecule oxygen for oxygenation degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)in an extensive pH region without light excitation.Experiments indicate that th...Iron(Ⅱ)tetra-(1,4-dithin)-porphyrazine,(FePz(dtn)_(4))is able to activate molecule oxygen for oxygenation degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)in an extensive pH region without light excitation.Experiments indicate that the RhB can be degraded nearly 52%in alkaline aqueous solution,bubbling with dioxygen for seven hours in the presence of FePz(dtn)_(4)and the hydrogen peroxides as an active intermediate were determined by DPD method.The catalyst is recyclable and the catalyst activity was maintained after 10 recycles.展开更多
The impact of the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio （chemical oxygen demand （COD）/N） in wastewater and dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration on carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency, and total bacteria and ammonia...The impact of the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio （chemical oxygen demand （COD）/N） in wastewater and dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration on carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency, and total bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） communities in activated sludge in constantly aerated sequencing batch reactors （SBRs） was determined. At DO of 0.5 and 1.5 mg O2/L during the aeration phase, the efficiency of ammonia oxidation exceeded 90%, with nitrates as the main product. Nitrification and denitrification achieved under the same operating conditions suggested the simultaneous course of these processes. The most effective nitrogen elimination （above 50%） was obtained at the COD/N ratio of 6.8 and DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. Total bacterial diversity was similar in all experimental series, however, for both COD/N ratios of 6.8 and 0.7, higher values were observed at DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. The diversity and abundance of AOB were higher in the reactors with the COD/N ratio of 0.7 in comparison with the reactors with the COD/N of 6.8. For both COD/N ratios applied, the AOB population was not affected by oxygen concentration. Amplicons with sequences indicating membership of the genus Nitrosospira were the determinants of variable technological conditions.展开更多
In wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）using the activated sludge process,two methods are widely used to improve aeration efficiency — use of high-efficiency aeration devices and optimizing the aeration control strat...In wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）using the activated sludge process,two methods are widely used to improve aeration efficiency — use of high-efficiency aeration devices and optimizing the aeration control strategy. Aeration efficiency is closely linked to sludge characteristics（such as concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids（MLSS）and microbial communities）and operating conditions（such as air flow rate and operational dissolved oxygen（DO）concentrations）. Moreover,operational DO is closely linked to effluent quality. This study,which is in reference to WWTP discharge class A Chinese standard effluent criteria,determined the growth kinetics parameters of nitrifiers at different DO levels in small-scale tests. Results showed that the activated sludge system could meet effluent criteria when DO was as low as 0.3 mg/L,and that nitrifier communities cultivated under low DO conditions had higher oxygen affinity than those cultivated under high DO conditions,as indicated by the oxygen half-saturation constant and nitrification ability. Based on nitrifier growth kinetics and on the oxygen mass transfer dynamic model（determined using different air flow rate（Q′air）and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids（MLVSS）values）,theoretical analysis indicated limited potential for energy saving by improving aeration diffuser performance when the activated sludge system had low oxygen consumption; however,operating at low DO and low MLVSS could significantly reduce energy consumption. Finally,a control strategy coupling sludge retention time and MLVSS to minimize the DO level was discussed,which is critical to appropriate setting of the oxygen point and to the operation of low DO treatment technology.展开更多
The exploration of highly active and durable cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts with economical production cost is still the bottleneck to realize the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells and me...The exploration of highly active and durable cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts with economical production cost is still the bottleneck to realize the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.Given that carbon support is crucial to the electrocatalysts,and Pt is the best‐known ORR catalyst so far,in this work,we employed a simple impregnation method for synthesizing a kind of defective activated carbon(D‐AC)supported low Pt content electrocatalysts for the ORR.The reduction conditions of the Pt‐containing precursor were firstly optimized,and the influence of the Pt loading amount on the ORR was investigated as well.The results show that the obtained D‐AC@5.0%Pt sample(contains5wt%Pt)has surpassed the commercial Pt/C with20wt%Pt for the ORR in an alkaline solution.In the meantime,it is more stable than the commercial Pt/C.The outstanding ORR performance of the D‐AC@5.0%Pt confirms that both the unique defects in the D‐AC and the introduced Pt particles are indispensable to the ORR.Particularly,m the ORR activity of the synthesized catalysts is superior to most of the reported counterparts,but with much easier preparation methods and lower production cost,making them more advantageous in practical fuel cell applications.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was i...AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75% ±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d(P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air.For the control group, the litters were raised in room air.At the postnatal 17d(P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway(CP),the mannose-binding lectin(MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway(AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting.· RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery.The expressions of C1 qb and C4 b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B(CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H(CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP(C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1(MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.展开更多
Rich oxygen-biological activated carbon(RO-BAC)method developed from traditional BAC method is a sys-tem in which high pressure is applied to improve the oxy-gen concentration of the influent.Experiment withwastewater...Rich oxygen-biological activated carbon(RO-BAC)method developed from traditional BAC method is a sys-tem in which high pressure is applied to improve the oxy-gen concentration of the influent.Experiment withwastewater and the slightly deteriorated raw water showsthe system is an effective option for advanced treatmentof industry wastewater and pretreatment of slightly dete-riorated raw water.The experiment results and the in-fluential factors are discussed in this paper.展开更多
The effect of Cd, Pb stress on the activated oxygen scavenging system indicates thatthe content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio and the activity of CAT gradually decrease,the activity of SOD increases first and ...The effect of Cd, Pb stress on the activated oxygen scavenging system indicates thatthe content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio and the activity of CAT gradually decrease,the activity of SOD increases first and then decreases, and the activity of POD gradually increases with increasing concentrations of Cd and Ph. Between Cd and Ph there is synergism inthe activated oxygen scavenging system. The results show that the stress of Cd and Pb can affect the scavenging system of activated oxygen and result in imbalance of activated oxygenmetabolism.展开更多
The adsorption of aqueous cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)) have been investigated for modified activated carbon(AC-T)with oxygen-containing functional groups.The oxygen-containing groups of AC-T play an important role in Cd(Ⅱ) i...The adsorption of aqueous cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)) have been investigated for modified activated carbon(AC-T)with oxygen-containing functional groups.The oxygen-containing groups of AC-T play an important role in Cd(Ⅱ) ion adsorption onto AC-T.The modified activated carbon is characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results of batch experiments indicate that the maximal adsorption could be achieved over the broad pH range of 4.5 to 6.5.Adsorption isotherms and kinetic study suggest that the sorption of Cd(Ⅱ) onto AC-T produces monolayer coverage and that adsorption is controlled by chemical adsorption.And the adsorbent has a good reusability.According to the FT-IR and XPS analyses,electrostatic attraction and cation exchange between Cd(Ⅱ) and oxygen-containing functional groups on AC-T are dominant mechanisms for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.展开更多
Nitrogen doping of activated carbon （AC） was performed by annealing both in ammonia and nitric oxide, and the activities of the modified carbons for NO reduction were studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show ...Nitrogen doping of activated carbon （AC） was performed by annealing both in ammonia and nitric oxide, and the activities of the modified carbons for NO reduction were studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the carbons, mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen or pyridonic nitrogen. The effect of nitrogen doping on the activities of the carbons can be ignored when oxygen is absent, but the doped carbons show desirable activities in the low temperature regime （≤500 ℃） when oxygen is present. The role of the surface nitrogen species is suggested to promote the formation of NO2 in the presence of oxygen, and NO2 can facilitate decomposition of the surface oxygen species in the low temperature regime展开更多
Single-atom catalysts serve as a promising candidate to realize noble-metal-free electrocatalytic oxygen reduction in acid media.However,their poor stability under working conditions strictly restrains their practical...Single-atom catalysts serve as a promising candidate to realize noble-metal-free electrocatalytic oxygen reduction in acid media.However,their poor stability under working conditions strictly restrains their practical applications.Therefore,regeneration of their electrocatalytic activity is of great significance.Herein,the regeneration of a Fe-N-C single-atom catalyst is demonstrated to be feasible by a facile annealing regeneration strategy.The activity after regeneration recovers to that of the pristine electrocatalyst and surpasses the deactivated electrocatalyst.The regeneration mechanism is identified to be selfetching of the surface carbon layer and consequent exposure of the previously buried single-atom sites.Furthermore,the regeneration strategy is applicable to other single-atom catalysts.This work demonstrates the feasibility of regenerating oxygen reduction electrocatalysts and affords a pioneering approach to deal with rapid deactivation under working conditions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang( 补阳还五汤)(BHT) protecting retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) from oxygen induced oxidative stress and apoptosis after anterior ischemia. METHODS: In this ...OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang( 补阳还五汤)(BHT) protecting retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) from oxygen induced oxidative stress and apoptosis after anterior ischemia. METHODS: In this study, the Chinese herbs of BHT were extracted by first boiling in water, then were filtered, concentrated, and freeze-dried. The chemical profile of BHT extract was determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS). H2O2-induced RGC-5 cells were used as a cell model to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BHT on RGCs. RESULTS: The survival rate of damaged RGC-5 by BHT was significantly increased by the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazolium-romid method. Fluorescence activating cell sorter(FACS analysis) showed that BHT could significantly reduce apoptosis induced by oxidative stress via the reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-Caspase-3 signal pathway. CONCLUSION: BHT possesses a high antioxidant capacity and could significantly reduce ROS levels of RGC-5 cells damaged by H2O2.Therefore, the present study has provided possible alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of ischemic optic disease by using traditional Chinese herbal formulas.展开更多
Nanosilver has been regarded as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for fighting pathogenassociated infections due to its efficacy toward a broad spectrum of pathogens.However,bacterial resistance to na...Nanosilver has been regarded as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for fighting pathogenassociated infections due to its efficacy toward a broad spectrum of pathogens.However,bacterial resistance to nanosilver has emerged recently.In this contribution,a surface engineering strategy based on N-halamine chemistry to address bacterial resistance to nanosilver was proposed.Using 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin(DCDMH)as an N-halamine source,AgCI nanodots were deposited on the surface of Ag nano wires(Ag NWs)via in situ redox reaction to prepare AgCl-on-Ag NWs.After in vitro and in vivo tests,AgCl-on-Ag NWs effectively inactivated two antibiotic-resistant bacteria,ampicillinresistant Escherichia coli(AREC)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)with the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)as low as 10μg·ml~(-1)and exhibited good biosafety against normal cells.The experimental and theoretical tests demonstrated that AgCl-onAg NWs worked on AREC and MAS A by generating high level of reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation,coupled with the sustained Ag ion release.Meanwhile,the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl-on-Ag NWs against MRSA was verified at the gene level by transcriptome analysis(RNA sequencing).Moreover,the fullthickness defect model verified that AgCl-on-Ag NWs reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and dramatically accelerated wound healing.This work provides a synergistic mechanism based on nanosilver surface engineering to eradicate the resistant bacteria that can alleviate drug resistance and develop an innovative approach for the treatment of bacterial infections.展开更多
The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)represents one of the major bottlenecks for broad-based applications of many clean energy storage/conversion technologies.The key to solving this problem lies in developing high-perfo...The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)represents one of the major bottlenecks for broad-based applications of many clean energy storage/conversion technologies.The key to solving this problem lies in developing high-performing,cost effective and stable catalysts for the OER.Herein,we demonstrate that ubiquitous stainless steel mesh(SSM)materials activated by a facile cathodization treatment can be employed as a high performing OER catalyst,as showcased by the impressively low overpotentials of 275 and 319 mV to reach the benchmark current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm^−2(1.0 M KOH),respectively.Cathodized SSM also exhibits excellent performance in a two-electrode water electrolyzer,which requires a low cell voltage of 1.58 at 10 mA cm^−2 and outperforms many of water electrolyzers using earth-abundant OER catalysts.Moreover,cathodized SSM with minor performance degradation after the stability test can also be readily healed by subjecting it to an additional cathodization treatment.It is disclosed that the superior performance of cathodized SSMs stems from the surface enrichment of OER active Ni(oxy)hydroxide,facile gas-bubble removal and transportation over the unique mesh-structured surfaces,while the abundant reservoir of nickel in the bulk allows healing of the catalyst by a facile cathodization.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effeicacy of Yishen Huoxue decoction(YSHX)on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction(UUO),and on reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis in human umbilical vein endotheli...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effeicacy of Yishen Huoxue decoction(YSHX)on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction(UUO),and on reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).METHODS:Forty male mice were randomly divided into six groups,sham group,UUO group,UUO+resveratrol(RSV)(15 mg/kg)group,UUO+YSHX20 mg/kg group(UUO+YSHX-L),UUO+YSHX 40 mg/kg group(UUO+YSHX-M),UUO+YSHX 80 mg/kg group(UUO+YSHX-H).Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels.Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the m RNA expression.Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the histopathological changes of kidney tissue sample.Cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/PI staining.Cell viability was measured using CCK-8/WST-8 assay.RESULTS:YSHX treatment reducedα-SMA and Col-4 expressions,and increased CD31 and VE-cadherin expressions in UUO model mice.In vitro,YSHX increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis of HUVECs under hypoxic conditions.YSHX inhibited ROS generation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)/silent mating-type information regulation2 homolog 3(Sirt3)signaling.CONCLUSION:YSHX treatment reduced 109 KJ UUO-induced renal injury and fibrosis.Furthermore,YSHX treatment attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by regulating AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt3 signaling.展开更多
Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) with nickel-rich oxide cathodes are emerging as primary contenders for the next generation rechargeable batteries,owing to their superior safety and energy densi...Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) with nickel-rich oxide cathodes are emerging as primary contenders for the next generation rechargeable batteries,owing to their superior safety and energy density.However,the all-solid-state batteries with nickel-rich oxide cathodes suffer from performance degradation due to the reactions between the highly reactive surface oxygen of the cathode and the electrolyte,as well as the instability of the bulk oxygen structure in the cathode.Herein,we propose a synergistic modification design scheme to adjust the oxygen activity from surface to bulk.The LiBO_(2)coating inhibits the reactivity of surface lattice oxygen ions.Meanwhile,Zr doping in the bulk phase forms strong Zr-O covalent bonds that stabilize the bulk lattice oxygen structure.The synergistic effect of these modifications prevents the release of oxygen,thus avoiding the degradation of the cathode/SE interface.Additionally,the regulation of surface-to-bulk oxygen activity establishes a highly stable interface,thereby enhancing the lithium ion diffusion kinetics and mechanical stability of the cathode.Consequently,cathodes modified with this synergistic strategy exhibit outstanding performance in sulfide-based ASSLBs,including an ultra-long cycle life of 100,000 cycles,ultra-high rate capability at 45C,and 85% high active material content in the composite cathode.Additionally,ASSLB exhibits stable cycling under high loading conditions of 82.82 mg cm^(-2),achieving an areal capacity of 17.90 mA h cm^(-2).These encouraging results pave the way for practical applications of ASSLBs in fast charging,long cycle life,and high energy density in the future.展开更多
Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2...Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles(NPs)are facilely developed to overcome these problems.Through a one-step method,free radical generator(AIPH)and phase transition material(lauric acid,LA,44-46°C)are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles(Bi2Se3 NPs).Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area,hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death,but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation,which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments.Moreover,Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography(CT)imaging capability,which is important for treating area determination.The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2%photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT,ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT,and 37.77 HU mL mg?1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality.Most importantly,the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT,PDT,and following immunotherapy is 99.6%,and even one tumor disappears completely,which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.展开更多
This article discussed the benzoic acid activated carbons which have changed the types and content of acid oxygen-function groups on the surface of activated carbons and their effect on the adsorption for Hg^0 in simu...This article discussed the benzoic acid activated carbons which have changed the types and content of acid oxygen-function groups on the surface of activated carbons and their effect on the adsorption for Hg^0 in simulated flue gas at 140 ℃. These surface acid oxygen function groups were identified by Boehm titration, Fourier transformation infrared spectrum, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It indicates that the carboxyl, lactone and phenolic were formed when the benzoic acid is loaded on the surface of activated carbons. Among the surface acid oxygen function groups, the carboxyl groups enhance the adsorption capacities of Hg^0 for activated carbons to a greater extent.展开更多
Objective This paper aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of inactivated Sendai virus （hemagglutinating virus of Japan-enveloped, HVJ-E） on routine melanoma cells （B16FlO） and the possible mechanisms involved ...Objective This paper aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of inactivated Sendai virus （hemagglutinating virus of Japan-enveloped, HVJ-E） on routine melanoma cells （B16FlO） and the possible mechanisms involved in the putative apoptotic reactions. Methods B16F10 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicities of infection （MOI）, and the reactive oxygen species （ROS）, cell viability, and apoptosis were measured. Next, the roles of ROS in the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways in HVJ-E-treated B16F10 cells were analyzed. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E-generated ROS on B16FlO cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected, both with and without N-acetyI-L-cysteine （NAC）, into melanoma tumors on BALB/c mice. Tumor volume was then monitored for 3 weeks, and the tumor proteins were separated for immunoblot assay. Results Treatment of B16F10 cells with HVJ-E resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell-viability and an induction of apoptosis. The latter effect was associated with the generation of ROS. Inhibition of ROS generation by NAC resulted in a significant reduction of HVJ-E-induced Erkl/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation. Additionally, ROS inhibition caused a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio as well as promoting activation of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results suggest that HVJ-E possesses potential anticancer activity in B16F10 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction involving the MAPK pathway.展开更多
基金the support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908485)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(Nos.246Z3603G and 226Z3603G)。
文摘Common activations of sulfite(S(Ⅳ))-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)utilized metal ions and oxides as catalysts,which are constrained by challenges in catalyst recovery,inadequate stability,and susceptibility to secondary pollution in application.Calcium sulfite(CaSO_(3)),one of the byproducts of flue gas desulfurization,is of interest in AOPs because of its ability to slowly release S(Ⅳ),low toxicity,and costeffectiveness.Therefore,a heterogenous activator,molybdenum carbide(Mo_(2)C)was selected to stimulate Ca SO3for typical antibiotic elimination.Benefiting from the dissociation form of HSO_(3^(-))from CaSO_(3)and improved electron transfer of Mo_(2)C at pH 6,the simulated target metronidazole(MTZ)can be removed by 85.65%with rate constant of 0.02424 min^(-1)under near-neutral circumstance.The combining determinations of quenching test,electron spin resonance spectrum,and reactive species probe demonstrated singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))and sulfate radicals played leading role for MTZ decontamination.Characterization and theoretical calculation suggested the alteration of Mo valence state drove the activation of S(Ⅳ),and revealed that dissolved oxygen promoted the adsorption of HSO_(3^(-))on the surface of Mo_(2)C,then facilitating production of^(1)O_(2).The favorable stability and applicability for Mo_(2)C/CaSO_(3)process indicated an applied prospect in actual pharmaceutical wastewater.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(Agricultural Project)(BE2012346)Science and Technology Projects for Social Development of Yangzhou City,China(2012110)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(13KJB210010)~~
文摘[Objective ]The aim of this study was to improve the photostability of pho-tosensitizers. [Method] 2,5-Diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene were synthesized by replacing thiophene rings of α-terthienyl （α-T） with benzene rings. Photoactivated activities on Spodoptera litura （SL） cells, singlet oxygen with UV and photostability of photosensitizers were investigated. [Result] The cytotoxicity of pho-tosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene on SL cells was 0.22 and 0.16 μg/ml after treat-ment for 24 and 48 h, respectively, while that of 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene on SL cells was 0.06 and 0.04 μg/ml. Singlet oxygen of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene was 1.047 5, 1.529 4 μg/mmol under UV, respectively. Degradation dynamic equations of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthio-phene in methanol were Ct= 5.227 1e-0.006 1t, Ct= 5.084 2e-0.097 3t and half life was 111.79, 7.12 h. [Conclusion] Photosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene has high singlet oxygen production ability, and high photoactivated cytotoxicity on SL cells under UV. Moreover, 2,5-diphenylthiophene has overcome the deficiency of photoactivated in-secticides, which is not applied directly in field because it degrades quickly in the environment.
基金supported by the NNSFC(No.29771025),(No.20377053)The Nine-five National Key Project of China(29833090)The Hubei Province Foundation of China(No.2003ABA071).
文摘Iron(Ⅱ)tetra-(1,4-dithin)-porphyrazine,(FePz(dtn)_(4))is able to activate molecule oxygen for oxygenation degradation of rhodamine B(RhB)in an extensive pH region without light excitation.Experiments indicate that the RhB can be degraded nearly 52%in alkaline aqueous solution,bubbling with dioxygen for seven hours in the presence of FePz(dtn)_(4)and the hydrogen peroxides as an active intermediate were determined by DPD method.The catalyst is recyclable and the catalyst activity was maintained after 10 recycles.
文摘The impact of the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio （chemical oxygen demand （COD）/N） in wastewater and dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration on carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency, and total bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） communities in activated sludge in constantly aerated sequencing batch reactors （SBRs） was determined. At DO of 0.5 and 1.5 mg O2/L during the aeration phase, the efficiency of ammonia oxidation exceeded 90%, with nitrates as the main product. Nitrification and denitrification achieved under the same operating conditions suggested the simultaneous course of these processes. The most effective nitrogen elimination （above 50%） was obtained at the COD/N ratio of 6.8 and DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. Total bacterial diversity was similar in all experimental series, however, for both COD/N ratios of 6.8 and 0.7, higher values were observed at DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. The diversity and abundance of AOB were higher in the reactors with the COD/N ratio of 0.7 in comparison with the reactors with the COD/N of 6.8. For both COD/N ratios applied, the AOB population was not affected by oxygen concentration. Amplicons with sequences indicating membership of the genus Nitrosospira were the determinants of variable technological conditions.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2013ZX07314-001)
文摘In wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）using the activated sludge process,two methods are widely used to improve aeration efficiency — use of high-efficiency aeration devices and optimizing the aeration control strategy. Aeration efficiency is closely linked to sludge characteristics（such as concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids（MLSS）and microbial communities）and operating conditions（such as air flow rate and operational dissolved oxygen（DO）concentrations）. Moreover,operational DO is closely linked to effluent quality. This study,which is in reference to WWTP discharge class A Chinese standard effluent criteria,determined the growth kinetics parameters of nitrifiers at different DO levels in small-scale tests. Results showed that the activated sludge system could meet effluent criteria when DO was as low as 0.3 mg/L,and that nitrifier communities cultivated under low DO conditions had higher oxygen affinity than those cultivated under high DO conditions,as indicated by the oxygen half-saturation constant and nitrification ability. Based on nitrifier growth kinetics and on the oxygen mass transfer dynamic model（determined using different air flow rate（Q′air）and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids（MLVSS）values）,theoretical analysis indicated limited potential for energy saving by improving aeration diffuser performance when the activated sludge system had low oxygen consumption; however,operating at low DO and low MLVSS could significantly reduce energy consumption. Finally,a control strategy coupling sludge retention time and MLVSS to minimize the DO level was discussed,which is critical to appropriate setting of the oxygen point and to the operation of low DO treatment technology.
基金financially supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC)
文摘The exploration of highly active and durable cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts with economical production cost is still the bottleneck to realize the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.Given that carbon support is crucial to the electrocatalysts,and Pt is the best‐known ORR catalyst so far,in this work,we employed a simple impregnation method for synthesizing a kind of defective activated carbon(D‐AC)supported low Pt content electrocatalysts for the ORR.The reduction conditions of the Pt‐containing precursor were firstly optimized,and the influence of the Pt loading amount on the ORR was investigated as well.The results show that the obtained D‐AC@5.0%Pt sample(contains5wt%Pt)has surpassed the commercial Pt/C with20wt%Pt for the ORR in an alkaline solution.In the meantime,it is more stable than the commercial Pt/C.The outstanding ORR performance of the D‐AC@5.0%Pt confirms that both the unique defects in the D‐AC and the introduced Pt particles are indispensable to the ORR.Particularly,m the ORR activity of the synthesized catalysts is superior to most of the reported counterparts,but with much easier preparation methods and lower production cost,making them more advantageous in practical fuel cell applications.
基金Supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271033,81470621)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75% ±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d(P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air.For the control group, the litters were raised in room air.At the postnatal 17d(P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway(CP),the mannose-binding lectin(MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway(AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting.· RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery.The expressions of C1 qb and C4 b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B(CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H(CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP(C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1(MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.
文摘Rich oxygen-biological activated carbon(RO-BAC)method developed from traditional BAC method is a sys-tem in which high pressure is applied to improve the oxy-gen concentration of the influent.Experiment withwastewater and the slightly deteriorated raw water showsthe system is an effective option for advanced treatmentof industry wastewater and pretreatment of slightly dete-riorated raw water.The experiment results and the in-fluential factors are discussed in this paper.
文摘The effect of Cd, Pb stress on the activated oxygen scavenging system indicates thatthe content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio and the activity of CAT gradually decrease,the activity of SOD increases first and then decreases, and the activity of POD gradually increases with increasing concentrations of Cd and Ph. Between Cd and Ph there is synergism inthe activated oxygen scavenging system. The results show that the stress of Cd and Pb can affect the scavenging system of activated oxygen and result in imbalance of activated oxygenmetabolism.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(TD2013-2,2012LYB33)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51278053,21373032)grant-in-aid from Kochi University of Technology and China Scholarship Council
文摘The adsorption of aqueous cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)) have been investigated for modified activated carbon(AC-T)with oxygen-containing functional groups.The oxygen-containing groups of AC-T play an important role in Cd(Ⅱ) ion adsorption onto AC-T.The modified activated carbon is characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results of batch experiments indicate that the maximal adsorption could be achieved over the broad pH range of 4.5 to 6.5.Adsorption isotherms and kinetic study suggest that the sorption of Cd(Ⅱ) onto AC-T produces monolayer coverage and that adsorption is controlled by chemical adsorption.And the adsorbent has a good reusability.According to the FT-IR and XPS analyses,electrostatic attraction and cation exchange between Cd(Ⅱ) and oxygen-containing functional groups on AC-T are dominant mechanisms for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.
文摘Nitrogen doping of activated carbon （AC） was performed by annealing both in ammonia and nitric oxide, and the activities of the modified carbons for NO reduction were studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the carbons, mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen or pyridonic nitrogen. The effect of nitrogen doping on the activities of the carbons can be ignored when oxygen is absent, but the doped carbons show desirable activities in the low temperature regime （≤500 ℃） when oxygen is present. The role of the surface nitrogen species is suggested to promote the formation of NO2 in the presence of oxygen, and NO2 can facilitate decomposition of the surface oxygen species in the low temperature regime
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109007 and 21825501)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarsthe Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program。
文摘Single-atom catalysts serve as a promising candidate to realize noble-metal-free electrocatalytic oxygen reduction in acid media.However,their poor stability under working conditions strictly restrains their practical applications.Therefore,regeneration of their electrocatalytic activity is of great significance.Herein,the regeneration of a Fe-N-C single-atom catalyst is demonstrated to be feasible by a facile annealing regeneration strategy.The activity after regeneration recovers to that of the pristine electrocatalyst and surpasses the deactivated electrocatalyst.The regeneration mechanism is identified to be selfetching of the surface carbon layer and consequent exposure of the previously buried single-atom sites.Furthermore,the regeneration strategy is applicable to other single-atom catalysts.This work demonstrates the feasibility of regenerating oxygen reduction electrocatalysts and affords a pioneering approach to deal with rapid deactivation under working conditions.
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Experimental Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Yiqi Tongluo Method on RGCs Apoptosis in AION Model Rats, No. 2017M621180)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang( 补阳还五汤)(BHT) protecting retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) from oxygen induced oxidative stress and apoptosis after anterior ischemia. METHODS: In this study, the Chinese herbs of BHT were extracted by first boiling in water, then were filtered, concentrated, and freeze-dried. The chemical profile of BHT extract was determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS). H2O2-induced RGC-5 cells were used as a cell model to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BHT on RGCs. RESULTS: The survival rate of damaged RGC-5 by BHT was significantly increased by the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazolium-romid method. Fluorescence activating cell sorter(FACS analysis) showed that BHT could significantly reduce apoptosis induced by oxidative stress via the reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-Caspase-3 signal pathway. CONCLUSION: BHT possesses a high antioxidant capacity and could significantly reduce ROS levels of RGC-5 cells damaged by H2O2.Therefore, the present study has provided possible alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of ischemic optic disease by using traditional Chinese herbal formulas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22062017 and 22164015)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Program for Key Science and Technology (No.2020GG0161)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.2019JQ03)the Ordos City Program for Key Science and Technology (No.2022YY003)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (No.sklssm2022021)the Program of Higher-Level Talents of Inner Mongolia University (No.10000-22311201/035)the Science and Technology Research Projects in Colleges and Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.NJZZ23091)。
文摘Nanosilver has been regarded as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for fighting pathogenassociated infections due to its efficacy toward a broad spectrum of pathogens.However,bacterial resistance to nanosilver has emerged recently.In this contribution,a surface engineering strategy based on N-halamine chemistry to address bacterial resistance to nanosilver was proposed.Using 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin(DCDMH)as an N-halamine source,AgCI nanodots were deposited on the surface of Ag nano wires(Ag NWs)via in situ redox reaction to prepare AgCl-on-Ag NWs.After in vitro and in vivo tests,AgCl-on-Ag NWs effectively inactivated two antibiotic-resistant bacteria,ampicillinresistant Escherichia coli(AREC)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)with the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)as low as 10μg·ml~(-1)and exhibited good biosafety against normal cells.The experimental and theoretical tests demonstrated that AgCl-onAg NWs worked on AREC and MAS A by generating high level of reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation,coupled with the sustained Ag ion release.Meanwhile,the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl-on-Ag NWs against MRSA was verified at the gene level by transcriptome analysis(RNA sequencing).Moreover,the fullthickness defect model verified that AgCl-on-Ag NWs reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and dramatically accelerated wound healing.This work provides a synergistic mechanism based on nanosilver surface engineering to eradicate the resistant bacteria that can alleviate drug resistance and develop an innovative approach for the treatment of bacterial infections.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement No.681719)L.-L.S.acknowledges the funding from the China Scholarship Council(No.201506210077)。
文摘The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)represents one of the major bottlenecks for broad-based applications of many clean energy storage/conversion technologies.The key to solving this problem lies in developing high-performing,cost effective and stable catalysts for the OER.Herein,we demonstrate that ubiquitous stainless steel mesh(SSM)materials activated by a facile cathodization treatment can be employed as a high performing OER catalyst,as showcased by the impressively low overpotentials of 275 and 319 mV to reach the benchmark current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm^−2(1.0 M KOH),respectively.Cathodized SSM also exhibits excellent performance in a two-electrode water electrolyzer,which requires a low cell voltage of 1.58 at 10 mA cm^−2 and outperforms many of water electrolyzers using earth-abundant OER catalysts.Moreover,cathodized SSM with minor performance degradation after the stability test can also be readily healed by subjecting it to an additional cathodization treatment.It is disclosed that the superior performance of cathodized SSMs stems from the surface enrichment of OER active Ni(oxy)hydroxide,facile gas-bubble removal and transportation over the unique mesh-structured surfaces,while the abundant reservoir of nickel in the bulk allows healing of the catalyst by a facile cathodization.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Treatment Mechanism of"Kidney Benefiting and Blood Circulation Activation"in Renal Fibrosis Based on SIRT3 Regulation AMPK/PCG-1/CPT1A Signaling Pathways(No.81760807)Study on the Anti-renal Fibrosis Mechanism of Yishen Huoxue Formula Based on the Regulation of Hypoxia-glycolysis Pathway by Exosome Derived Mir-210(No.82060820)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effeicacy of Yishen Huoxue decoction(YSHX)on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction(UUO),and on reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).METHODS:Forty male mice were randomly divided into six groups,sham group,UUO group,UUO+resveratrol(RSV)(15 mg/kg)group,UUO+YSHX20 mg/kg group(UUO+YSHX-L),UUO+YSHX 40 mg/kg group(UUO+YSHX-M),UUO+YSHX 80 mg/kg group(UUO+YSHX-H).Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels.Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the m RNA expression.Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the histopathological changes of kidney tissue sample.Cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/PI staining.Cell viability was measured using CCK-8/WST-8 assay.RESULTS:YSHX treatment reducedα-SMA and Col-4 expressions,and increased CD31 and VE-cadherin expressions in UUO model mice.In vitro,YSHX increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis of HUVECs under hypoxic conditions.YSHX inhibited ROS generation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)/silent mating-type information regulation2 homolog 3(Sirt3)signaling.CONCLUSION:YSHX treatment reduced 109 KJ UUO-induced renal injury and fibrosis.Furthermore,YSHX treatment attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by regulating AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt3 signaling.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52474338,22109084 and 52304338)the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2024JK2093,2023GK2016)supported in part by the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University.
文摘Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) with nickel-rich oxide cathodes are emerging as primary contenders for the next generation rechargeable batteries,owing to their superior safety and energy density.However,the all-solid-state batteries with nickel-rich oxide cathodes suffer from performance degradation due to the reactions between the highly reactive surface oxygen of the cathode and the electrolyte,as well as the instability of the bulk oxygen structure in the cathode.Herein,we propose a synergistic modification design scheme to adjust the oxygen activity from surface to bulk.The LiBO_(2)coating inhibits the reactivity of surface lattice oxygen ions.Meanwhile,Zr doping in the bulk phase forms strong Zr-O covalent bonds that stabilize the bulk lattice oxygen structure.The synergistic effect of these modifications prevents the release of oxygen,thus avoiding the degradation of the cathode/SE interface.Additionally,the regulation of surface-to-bulk oxygen activity establishes a highly stable interface,thereby enhancing the lithium ion diffusion kinetics and mechanical stability of the cathode.Consequently,cathodes modified with this synergistic strategy exhibit outstanding performance in sulfide-based ASSLBs,including an ultra-long cycle life of 100,000 cycles,ultra-high rate capability at 45C,and 85% high active material content in the composite cathode.Additionally,ASSLB exhibits stable cycling under high loading conditions of 82.82 mg cm^(-2),achieving an areal capacity of 17.90 mA h cm^(-2).These encouraging results pave the way for practical applications of ASSLBs in fast charging,long cycle life,and high energy density in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51433004 and 51773096)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.17JCZDJC33500)PCSIRT(IRT1257).
文摘Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT).Herein,Bi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles(NPs)are facilely developed to overcome these problems.Through a one-step method,free radical generator(AIPH)and phase transition material(lauric acid,LA,44-46°C)are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles(Bi2Se3 NPs).Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area,hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 not only directly leads to cell death,but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation,which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments.Moreover,Bi2Se3 with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography(CT)imaging capability,which is important for treating area determination.The results exhibit that Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2%photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT,ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT,and 37.77 HU mL mg?1 X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality.Most importantly,the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT,PDT,and following immunotherapy is 99.6%,and even one tumor disappears completely,which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.
文摘This article discussed the benzoic acid activated carbons which have changed the types and content of acid oxygen-function groups on the surface of activated carbons and their effect on the adsorption for Hg^0 in simulated flue gas at 140 ℃. These surface acid oxygen function groups were identified by Boehm titration, Fourier transformation infrared spectrum, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It indicates that the carboxyl, lactone and phenolic were formed when the benzoic acid is loaded on the surface of activated carbons. Among the surface acid oxygen function groups, the carboxyl groups enhance the adsorption capacities of Hg^0 for activated carbons to a greater extent.
基金the National Natural Science foundation of China(No.31302042)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20130445)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders Plan of Yangzhou University
文摘Objective This paper aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of inactivated Sendai virus （hemagglutinating virus of Japan-enveloped, HVJ-E） on routine melanoma cells （B16FlO） and the possible mechanisms involved in the putative apoptotic reactions. Methods B16F10 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicities of infection （MOI）, and the reactive oxygen species （ROS）, cell viability, and apoptosis were measured. Next, the roles of ROS in the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways in HVJ-E-treated B16F10 cells were analyzed. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E-generated ROS on B16FlO cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected, both with and without N-acetyI-L-cysteine （NAC）, into melanoma tumors on BALB/c mice. Tumor volume was then monitored for 3 weeks, and the tumor proteins were separated for immunoblot assay. Results Treatment of B16F10 cells with HVJ-E resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell-viability and an induction of apoptosis. The latter effect was associated with the generation of ROS. Inhibition of ROS generation by NAC resulted in a significant reduction of HVJ-E-induced Erkl/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation. Additionally, ROS inhibition caused a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio as well as promoting activation of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results suggest that HVJ-E possesses potential anticancer activity in B16F10 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction involving the MAPK pathway.
