The preparation and application of functional hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides have always been a hot research topic.In this study,using acrylamide(AM)monomer,N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide(MBA)as crosslin...The preparation and application of functional hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides have always been a hot research topic.In this study,using acrylamide(AM)monomer,N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide(MBA)as crosslinking agent,potassium persulfate(K2S2O8)as initiator,in the presence of natural polysaccharide sodium alginate(SA),the PAM/SA hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),swelling performance tests,scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),UV-visible spectrophotometer,mechanical property measurements were carried out to analyze the composition,morphology,and performance of the hydrogels.The swelling behavior,dye adsorption performance,and the mechanical properties of PAM/SA hydrogels before and after Fe^(3+)adsorption were studied.The experimental results showed that the introduction of SA with 4.7%,7.8%,and 10.3%effectively improved the mechanical and dye adsorption properties of PAM composite hydrogels.The adsorption capacity of PAM/4.7%SA and PAM/10.3%SA hydrogels at equilibrium can reach 40.01 and 44.02 mg/g for methylene blue,which is higher than the value 13.58 mg/g of pure PAM hydrogel.The compressive strength of pure PAM hydrogel is 0.124 MPa.When the SA content is 4.7%,7.8%,and 10.3%,the compressive strength of the PAM/SA hydrogel was corresponding to 0.130 MPa,0.134 MPa,and 0.152 MPa,respectively.Fe^(3+)was introduced into the PAM/SA hydrogels,and PAM/SA/Fe^(3+)double-network hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties could be prepared by adjusting the SA content(4.7%,7.8%,and 10.3%),soaking time(1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h,5 h,6 h),and Fe^(3+)concentration(4.76%,7.41%,9.09%,and 13.04%).Under the same Fe^(3+)concentration of 9.09%and adsorption time of 4 h,the compressive strengths of the PAM/4.7%SA,PAM/7.8%SA,and PAM/10.3%SA hydrogels could reach 0.354 MPa,0.767 MPa,and 0.778 MPa,respectively.展开更多
Excess water production has become an important issue in the oil and gas extraction process.Preformed particle gels(PPGs),show the capability to control the conformance and reduce excess water cut.However,conventional...Excess water production has become an important issue in the oil and gas extraction process.Preformed particle gels(PPGs),show the capability to control the conformance and reduce excess water cut.However,conventional PPGs have poor mechanical properties and their swollen particles are easily damaged by shearing force when passing through the fractures in formations,meanwhile PPGs can be also degraded into various byproducts,leading to permanent damage to the reservoir permeability after temporary plugging.Herein,a novel type of dual cross-linked PPGs(dPPGs)was designed and synthesized using sodium alginate(SA)and acrylamide(AAm),cross-linked with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)and Fe^(3+).Results show that dPPGs have excellent mechanical properties with a storage modulus up to 86,445 Pa,which is almost 20 times higher than other reported PPGs.Meanwhile,dPPGs can be completely degraded into liquid without any solid residues or byproducts and the viscosity of dPPGs degraded liquid was found to be lower than 5 mPa·s.A laboratory coreflooding test showed that the plugging efficiency of dPPGs was up to 99.83%on open fractures.The obtained results demonstrated that dPPGs could be used as economical and environment-friendly temporary plugging agent with high-strength,self-degradation,thermal stability,and salt stability,thus making it applicable to a wide range of conformance control to enhance oil recovery.展开更多
N-(2-Ethynylphenyl)acrylamides have emerged as key intermediates for the synthesis of complex heteropolycyclic compounds.The recent advances focus on the tandem cyclization involving these precursors,among which forma...N-(2-Ethynylphenyl)acrylamides have emerged as key intermediates for the synthesis of complex heteropolycyclic compounds.The recent advances focus on the tandem cyclization involving these precursors,among which formation of fused six/N-three,six/five(N,S,O),and six/six-membered rings are highlighted.Nitrogen,sulfur,and oxygen incorporations into five-membered rings provide efficient routes to bioactive polycyclic molecules.These cyclization reactions exhibit excellent atom economy,high efficiency,and good functional group compatibility.Furthermore,novel catalytic systems and photochemical strategies also expand the synthetic applications of these precursors.Taken together,these advancements offer versatile tools for the synthesis of intricate heterocyclic scaffolds with broad applications in organic and medicinal chemistry.展开更多
In this study, it was to investigate the swelling performance of novel biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents containing acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate/sodium alginate/bentonite in water and binary mix...In this study, it was to investigate the swelling performance of novel biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents containing acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate/sodium alginate/bentonite in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent. Novel hydrogels were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. Swelling experiments were performed in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) at 25°C, gravimetrically. Some swelling and diffusion properties of the hydrogels were calculated and they were discussed for the biohybrid/hybrid hydrogel systems prepared under various formulations. It has been seen the lower equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values (62% - 124%) in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values in water (718% - 2055%). Consequently, the hydrogel systems developed in this study could serve as a potential device for water and water-solvent binary mixtures.展开更多
Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymer hydrogels have been obtained by radiation techniques. Two different methods have been used to introduce—COONa groups into polymer chains of the gels: (1) by partial hydrolysis of ...Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymer hydrogels have been obtained by radiation techniques. Two different methods have been used to introduce—COONa groups into polymer chains of the gels: (1) by partial hydrolysis of acrylamide homopolymer gel; (2) by direct copolymerization and crosslinking of acrylamide and sodium acrylate in aqueous solutions. It was found that the gels obtained in different ways had different properties, the swelling character of the gels obtained by partial hydrolysis were more sensitive to pH of swelling aqueous media, in order to explain these differences, ^(13)C-NMR techniques were used to investigate the sequence distribution of monomer units of both gels.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acrylamide(ACR),a toxic compound commonly found in heat-processed foods,poses a serious risk to liver health due to its oxidative and inflammatory effects.AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of g...BACKGROUND Acrylamide(ACR),a toxic compound commonly found in heat-processed foods,poses a serious risk to liver health due to its oxidative and inflammatory effects.AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ginger extract in mitigating ACR-induced liver toxicity in a rat model.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control,ACR-treated,and ACR+ginger-treated groups.Liver function enzymes[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],oxidative stress biomarkers[malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)],and histopathological assessments were performed.In addition,gene expression analyses of key antioxidant and inflammatory markers were conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS ACR administration significantly increased serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,and MDA,while reducing levels of GSH,CAT,and SOD.Histological analysis revealed hepatic degeneration and inflammation.Co-administration of ginger extract significantly reversed these effects,restoring antioxidant enzyme levels,reducing oxidative stress,and improving liver histoarchitecture.CONCLUSION Ginger extract exhibited strong hepatoprotective effects against ACR-induced toxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.These findings support the potential role of ginger as a natural dietary intervention for mitigating liver damage caused by environmental toxins.Further clinical studies are recommended to confirm its efficacy in human populations.展开更多
Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acry...Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.展开更多
Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the eff...Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.展开更多
Acrylamide(AA)is a neurotoxin and carcinogen that formed during the thermal food processing.Conventional quantification techniques are difficult to realize on-site detection of AA.Herein,a flower-like bimetallic FeCu ...Acrylamide(AA)is a neurotoxin and carcinogen that formed during the thermal food processing.Conventional quantification techniques are difficult to realize on-site detection of AA.Herein,a flower-like bimetallic FeCu nanozyme(FeCuzyme)sensor and portable platform were developed for naked-eye and on-site detection of AA.The FeCuzyme was successfully prepared and exhibited flower-like structure with 3D catalytic centers.Fe/Cu atoms were considered as active center and ligand frameworks were used as cofactor,resulting in collaborative substrate-binding features and remarkably peroxidase-like activity.During the catalytic process,the 3,3′,5,5′-tetrame-thylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation can be quenched by glutathione(GSH),and then restored after thiolene Michael addition reaction between GSH and AA.Given the“on–off–on”effect for TMB oxidation and high PODlike activity,FeCuzyme sensor exhibited a wide linear relationship from 0.50 to 18.00μM(R^(2)=0.9987)and high sensitivity(LOD=0.2360μM)with high stability.The practical application of FeCuzyme sensor was successfully validated by HPLC method.Furthermore,a FeCuzyme portable platform was designed with smartphone/laptop,and which can be used for naked-eye and on-site quantitative determination of AA in real food samples.This research provides a way for rational design of a novel nanozyme-based sensing platform for AA detection.展开更多
Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism re...Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,ACR treatment was found to increase the levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine(8-OHdG)and phosphorated histone H_(2)AX(γH_(2)AX),two DNA damage markers,thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase;whereas both A_(1) and D-A_(1) could prevent the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)and checkpoint kinase 2(Chk2),and then regulate the expression of G2/M phase-related proteins,finally maintaining normal cell cycle progression.Moreover,A_(1) and D-A_(1) could increase the B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins to alleviate ACR-induced cell apoptosis,which might be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.More importantly,A_(1) showed no remarkable variation in inhibitory effect before and after digestion,indicating that it can endure gastrointestinal digestion and may be a promising phytochemical to alleviate ACR-induced intestinal cell damage.展开更多
Poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)(PAM/AA-Na) and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium vinylsulfonate)(PAM/VSS-Na) were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization.The effects of CaCl2 on PAM/VSS-Na or PAM/VSS-Na aqueous soluti...Poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)(PAM/AA-Na) and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium vinylsulfonate)(PAM/VSS-Na) were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization.The effects of CaCl2 on PAM/VSS-Na or PAM/VSS-Na aqueous solutions were investigated by steady-flow experiments at 25,40,55 and 70 ℃.The results show that the apparent viscosities of both solutions decrease with addition of CaCl2 or increase of temperature and shear rates.PAM/VSS-Na solution has better performance on the salt tolerance,shear endurance and temperature resistance due to containing sulfonic group in the molecules.Ca2+ concentration can affect the viscous activation energy of both solutions and the reason may be that these interactions between Ca2+ and also copolymer molecules are related to temperature and competitive in solution.These results may offer the basic data for searching the flooding systems with the ability of temperature resistance,salt tolerance and shear endurance for tertiary oil recovery.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are vital to potable electronics and electric energy infrastructures because of their high energy conversion efficiency,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,ramp...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are vital to potable electronics and electric energy infrastructures because of their high energy conversion efficiency,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,rampant zinc dendrite growth and side reactions on the Zn anode seriously impede the practical application of ZMBs.In this work,morpholine-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolytes(ploy(acrylamide),6m-PAM)are successfully developed to simultaneously regulate solvation shell to suppress side reactions and homogenize Zn^(2+)ion migration for dendrite-free ZMBs.Notably,the 6m-PAM electrolyte exhibits excellent mechanical strength of 50.6 kPa,high Zn^(2+)ion conductivity of 52 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature,and fast self-healing ability,providing stable and adaptable electrolyte-anode interfaces.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that Zn^(2+)-N(morpholine)coordination interaction effectively reshapes the primary solvation shell of Zn^(2+),suppressing the activity of free water and Zn dendrites.As a result,the 6m-PAM electrolyte endows symmetric zinc cells with a long-term cycling life of 2000 h at 7.5 mA cm^(-2).Notably,Zn/Polyaniline(PANI)batteries equipped with 6m-PAM electrolytes also exhibit a high capacity of 124 mA h g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)and a long cycling life of 4000 times with a high-capacity retention of 98.3%,This functional crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte paves a new way to construct durable dendrite-free ZMBs.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.展开更多
The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluat...The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and photothermal applications of polydopamine-berberine nanoparticles(PDA-BBR-NPs),incorporating them into a sodium alginate matrix for food preservation.The self-assembled PDA-BBR-NPs were synthesized using a solution oxidation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nanoparticle size analysis.The results demonstrated that PDA-BBR-NPs were uniform spheres with an average diameter of 177.1 nm.Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests showed that the optimal formulation had a drug loading capacity of 48.4%and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.70%.Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the dilution coating plate method,showing an inhibition rate of over 98%.Photothermal testing under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation revealed a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.65%.To assess the practical application of the nanoparticles,they were incorporated into a sodium alginate-based coating for the preservation of Kyoho grapes.Key parameters such as weight loss rate,pH,titratable acidity,and soluble solids content were monitored over a 12-day storage period at room temperature.The PDA-BBR-near-infrared spectroscopy-treated group exhibited significantly reduced weight loss rate(6.08%lower than the control group)and a slower decrease in pH.The coating effectively inhibited microbial activity and extended the shelf life of the grapes by 3-6 days compared to the control group.These findings demonstrated the potential of PDA-BBR-NPs to enhance the preservation of fresh produce through their combined antibacterial and photothermal effects,offering a promising method for extending fruit shelf life.展开更多
Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)offer inherent energy-power synergy but are constrained by mismatched kinetics and life spans between the anode and cathode materials.Two-dimensional MoS_(2)@C composites demonstrate ...Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)offer inherent energy-power synergy but are constrained by mismatched kinetics and life spans between the anode and cathode materials.Two-dimensional MoS_(2)@C composites demonstrate excellent kinetics and structural stability,thanks to the built-in electric field of the carbon heterostructure and its adaptability to volume changes.Yet,the carbon shell imposes a physical barrier to interfacial Na^(+)diffusion,while deep discharge induces the formation of crystalline Na_(2)S,accompanied by severe volumetric expansion and sluggish reversibility—factors that accelerate capacity fading and structural degradation.To address these challenges,a trace-level Ni doping strategy is introduced,enabling precise modulation of the composite's interlayer structure,electronic configuration,and reaction pathway.Ni incorporation expands the MoS_(2) interlayer spacing,reconstructs short-range ordered nanocrystals within a hierarchically porous network,and promotes Na^(+)diffusion by weakening interlayer van der Waals forces.Orbital hybridization between Ni-3d and Mo-4d/S-3p states enhances electronic conductivity and reduces charge transfer resistance.Critically,Ni doping enhances electron transfer from Ni to sulfur,which weakens Na–S bonds and promotes the formation of amorphous Na_(2)S,thereby suppressing crystalline Na_(2)S and enabling a reversible MoS_(2)/Na_(2)S conversion mechanism for improved structural stability and cycling performance.As a result,the optimized MoS_(2)-Ni@C anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 334 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)with 68%retention after 10,000 cycles.When assembled into a SIC device(MoS_(2)-Ni@C//AC),it achieves an energy density of 135 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 60.8 kW kg^(-1)(based on anode mass),with 76%retention over 3,000 cycles.展开更多
The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litope...The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litopenaeus vannamei as a model species and two strains of Bacillus(W1 and XYB4)combined with sodium humate under zero-water exchange conditions.The growth performance,enzyme activity,and aquatic system microbial environment of L.vannamei were analyzed.Results showed that the combination of sodium humate and Bacillus strains effectively enhanced environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria while inhibiting the growth of Vibrio species,including green and yellow variants.Microbiome analysis showed that the group treated with Bacillus strains combined with sodium humate exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota than the other groups.Correspondingly,this treatment group showed substantially enhanced weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,and feed coefficient.Moreover,the phenol oxidase,catalase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase indexes of shrimps subjected to Bacillus–sodium humate treatment were considerably higher than those of the control group.These findings confirm that the combination of Bacillus and sodium humate has beneficial effects on shrimp growth and aquatic system quality control,providing a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of shrimp farming and aquaculture.展开更多
Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copp...Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copper catalysis and photocatalysis is reported,allowing the construction of chiral 5-((sulfonyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones with β-quaternary stereocenters.During the transformation,sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the sulfur dioxide surrogate.Excellent enantiocontrol(up to 99%ee)and wide functional group compatibility are observed in this asymmetric radical sulfonylation.展开更多
NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was i...NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.展开更多
基金This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21704008,21644002)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20201449)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Institutions of China(Grant No.20KJA430011)Applied Basic Research Project of Changzhou(Grant No.CJ20180052)。
文摘The preparation and application of functional hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides have always been a hot research topic.In this study,using acrylamide(AM)monomer,N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide(MBA)as crosslinking agent,potassium persulfate(K2S2O8)as initiator,in the presence of natural polysaccharide sodium alginate(SA),the PAM/SA hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),swelling performance tests,scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),UV-visible spectrophotometer,mechanical property measurements were carried out to analyze the composition,morphology,and performance of the hydrogels.The swelling behavior,dye adsorption performance,and the mechanical properties of PAM/SA hydrogels before and after Fe^(3+)adsorption were studied.The experimental results showed that the introduction of SA with 4.7%,7.8%,and 10.3%effectively improved the mechanical and dye adsorption properties of PAM composite hydrogels.The adsorption capacity of PAM/4.7%SA and PAM/10.3%SA hydrogels at equilibrium can reach 40.01 and 44.02 mg/g for methylene blue,which is higher than the value 13.58 mg/g of pure PAM hydrogel.The compressive strength of pure PAM hydrogel is 0.124 MPa.When the SA content is 4.7%,7.8%,and 10.3%,the compressive strength of the PAM/SA hydrogel was corresponding to 0.130 MPa,0.134 MPa,and 0.152 MPa,respectively.Fe^(3+)was introduced into the PAM/SA hydrogels,and PAM/SA/Fe^(3+)double-network hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties could be prepared by adjusting the SA content(4.7%,7.8%,and 10.3%),soaking time(1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h,5 h,6 h),and Fe^(3+)concentration(4.76%,7.41%,9.09%,and 13.04%).Under the same Fe^(3+)concentration of 9.09%and adsorption time of 4 h,the compressive strengths of the PAM/4.7%SA,PAM/7.8%SA,and PAM/10.3%SA hydrogels could reach 0.354 MPa,0.767 MPa,and 0.778 MPa,respectively.
基金supported by Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project(No.20201102002)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462020BJRC007,2462020YXZZ003)State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(No.PRP/DX-2216)
文摘Excess water production has become an important issue in the oil and gas extraction process.Preformed particle gels(PPGs),show the capability to control the conformance and reduce excess water cut.However,conventional PPGs have poor mechanical properties and their swollen particles are easily damaged by shearing force when passing through the fractures in formations,meanwhile PPGs can be also degraded into various byproducts,leading to permanent damage to the reservoir permeability after temporary plugging.Herein,a novel type of dual cross-linked PPGs(dPPGs)was designed and synthesized using sodium alginate(SA)and acrylamide(AAm),cross-linked with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)and Fe^(3+).Results show that dPPGs have excellent mechanical properties with a storage modulus up to 86,445 Pa,which is almost 20 times higher than other reported PPGs.Meanwhile,dPPGs can be completely degraded into liquid without any solid residues or byproducts and the viscosity of dPPGs degraded liquid was found to be lower than 5 mPa·s.A laboratory coreflooding test showed that the plugging efficiency of dPPGs was up to 99.83%on open fractures.The obtained results demonstrated that dPPGs could be used as economical and environment-friendly temporary plugging agent with high-strength,self-degradation,thermal stability,and salt stability,thus making it applicable to a wide range of conformance control to enhance oil recovery.
基金Project supported by the Special Fund Project for Scientific Research Openness of the Key Laboratory of Medical Conditioning Functional Food Processing Technology in Weihai City(No.WHYY20240006)the Mid-Young Teachers Visiting Program of Qingdao Agricultural University(No.2024)+1 种基金the General Education Reform and Research Project of Qingdao Agricultural University(No.XJY2024063)the Research Results of the Ideological and Political Education Research Project of Qingdao Agricultural University(No:QNSZ2025023)。
文摘N-(2-Ethynylphenyl)acrylamides have emerged as key intermediates for the synthesis of complex heteropolycyclic compounds.The recent advances focus on the tandem cyclization involving these precursors,among which formation of fused six/N-three,six/five(N,S,O),and six/six-membered rings are highlighted.Nitrogen,sulfur,and oxygen incorporations into five-membered rings provide efficient routes to bioactive polycyclic molecules.These cyclization reactions exhibit excellent atom economy,high efficiency,and good functional group compatibility.Furthermore,novel catalytic systems and photochemical strategies also expand the synthetic applications of these precursors.Taken together,these advancements offer versatile tools for the synthesis of intricate heterocyclic scaffolds with broad applications in organic and medicinal chemistry.
基金The work was supported by Adnan Menderes University Research Fund,under project number FEF 15006.
文摘In this study, it was to investigate the swelling performance of novel biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents containing acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate/sodium alginate/bentonite in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent. Novel hydrogels were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. Swelling experiments were performed in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) at 25°C, gravimetrically. Some swelling and diffusion properties of the hydrogels were calculated and they were discussed for the biohybrid/hybrid hydrogel systems prepared under various formulations. It has been seen the lower equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values (62% - 124%) in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values in water (718% - 2055%). Consequently, the hydrogel systems developed in this study could serve as a potential device for water and water-solvent binary mixtures.
文摘Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymer hydrogels have been obtained by radiation techniques. Two different methods have been used to introduce—COONa groups into polymer chains of the gels: (1) by partial hydrolysis of acrylamide homopolymer gel; (2) by direct copolymerization and crosslinking of acrylamide and sodium acrylate in aqueous solutions. It was found that the gels obtained in different ways had different properties, the swelling character of the gels obtained by partial hydrolysis were more sensitive to pH of swelling aqueous media, in order to explain these differences, ^(13)C-NMR techniques were used to investigate the sequence distribution of monomer units of both gels.
文摘BACKGROUND Acrylamide(ACR),a toxic compound commonly found in heat-processed foods,poses a serious risk to liver health due to its oxidative and inflammatory effects.AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ginger extract in mitigating ACR-induced liver toxicity in a rat model.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control,ACR-treated,and ACR+ginger-treated groups.Liver function enzymes[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)],oxidative stress biomarkers[malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)],and histopathological assessments were performed.In addition,gene expression analyses of key antioxidant and inflammatory markers were conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS ACR administration significantly increased serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,and MDA,while reducing levels of GSH,CAT,and SOD.Histological analysis revealed hepatic degeneration and inflammation.Co-administration of ginger extract significantly reversed these effects,restoring antioxidant enzyme levels,reducing oxidative stress,and improving liver histoarchitecture.CONCLUSION Ginger extract exhibited strong hepatoprotective effects against ACR-induced toxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.These findings support the potential role of ginger as a natural dietary intervention for mitigating liver damage caused by environmental toxins.Further clinical studies are recommended to confirm its efficacy in human populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976156)。
文摘Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.
文摘Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060577 and 32360619)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224ACB203016 and 20212BAB203034)the Open Project of China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center(CFC2023B-013).
文摘Acrylamide(AA)is a neurotoxin and carcinogen that formed during the thermal food processing.Conventional quantification techniques are difficult to realize on-site detection of AA.Herein,a flower-like bimetallic FeCu nanozyme(FeCuzyme)sensor and portable platform were developed for naked-eye and on-site detection of AA.The FeCuzyme was successfully prepared and exhibited flower-like structure with 3D catalytic centers.Fe/Cu atoms were considered as active center and ligand frameworks were used as cofactor,resulting in collaborative substrate-binding features and remarkably peroxidase-like activity.During the catalytic process,the 3,3′,5,5′-tetrame-thylbenzidine(TMB)oxidation can be quenched by glutathione(GSH),and then restored after thiolene Michael addition reaction between GSH and AA.Given the“on–off–on”effect for TMB oxidation and high PODlike activity,FeCuzyme sensor exhibited a wide linear relationship from 0.50 to 18.00μM(R^(2)=0.9987)and high sensitivity(LOD=0.2360μM)with high stability.The practical application of FeCuzyme sensor was successfully validated by HPLC method.Furthermore,a FeCuzyme portable platform was designed with smartphone/laptop,and which can be used for naked-eye and on-site quantitative determination of AA in real food samples.This research provides a way for rational design of a novel nanozyme-based sensing platform for AA detection.
基金supported by the project from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671962)Excellent Youth Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province(23B0229)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662019PY034).
文摘Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,ACR treatment was found to increase the levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine(8-OHdG)and phosphorated histone H_(2)AX(γH_(2)AX),two DNA damage markers,thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase;whereas both A_(1) and D-A_(1) could prevent the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)and checkpoint kinase 2(Chk2),and then regulate the expression of G2/M phase-related proteins,finally maintaining normal cell cycle progression.Moreover,A_(1) and D-A_(1) could increase the B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins to alleviate ACR-induced cell apoptosis,which might be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.More importantly,A_(1) showed no remarkable variation in inhibitory effect before and after digestion,indicating that it can endure gastrointestinal digestion and may be a promising phytochemical to alleviate ACR-induced intestinal cell damage.
基金Project(0610005) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jinan City,ChinaProject(200603085) supported by the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘Poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)(PAM/AA-Na) and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium vinylsulfonate)(PAM/VSS-Na) were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization.The effects of CaCl2 on PAM/VSS-Na or PAM/VSS-Na aqueous solutions were investigated by steady-flow experiments at 25,40,55 and 70 ℃.The results show that the apparent viscosities of both solutions decrease with addition of CaCl2 or increase of temperature and shear rates.PAM/VSS-Na solution has better performance on the salt tolerance,shear endurance and temperature resistance due to containing sulfonic group in the molecules.Ca2+ concentration can affect the viscous activation energy of both solutions and the reason may be that these interactions between Ca2+ and also copolymer molecules are related to temperature and competitive in solution.These results may offer the basic data for searching the flooding systems with the ability of temperature resistance,salt tolerance and shear endurance for tertiary oil recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-021)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are vital to potable electronics and electric energy infrastructures because of their high energy conversion efficiency,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,rampant zinc dendrite growth and side reactions on the Zn anode seriously impede the practical application of ZMBs.In this work,morpholine-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolytes(ploy(acrylamide),6m-PAM)are successfully developed to simultaneously regulate solvation shell to suppress side reactions and homogenize Zn^(2+)ion migration for dendrite-free ZMBs.Notably,the 6m-PAM electrolyte exhibits excellent mechanical strength of 50.6 kPa,high Zn^(2+)ion conductivity of 52 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature,and fast self-healing ability,providing stable and adaptable electrolyte-anode interfaces.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that Zn^(2+)-N(morpholine)coordination interaction effectively reshapes the primary solvation shell of Zn^(2+),suppressing the activity of free water and Zn dendrites.As a result,the 6m-PAM electrolyte endows symmetric zinc cells with a long-term cycling life of 2000 h at 7.5 mA cm^(-2).Notably,Zn/Polyaniline(PANI)batteries equipped with 6m-PAM electrolytes also exhibit a high capacity of 124 mA h g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)and a long cycling life of 4000 times with a high-capacity retention of 98.3%,This functional crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte paves a new way to construct durable dendrite-free ZMBs.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2024J011210)the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology (No.YKJ23017R)。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials.Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children’s Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024.The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk.Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT),tear meniscus height,Schirmer’s test,corneal fluorescein staining score,and axial length.RESULTS:A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group),the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years,with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%),and all completed the trial.After 12 wk,the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79,respectively(P=0.079).The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs.0.05±0.81,P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs.-1.09±4.40 s,P<0.001)at 12 wk.Additionally,the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation,in contrast to the blank control group,which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs.0.05±0.10 mm,P=0.013).No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints.No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION:Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores,the 3%diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.
基金supported by Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ212410163008)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(202410163042)。
文摘The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and photothermal applications of polydopamine-berberine nanoparticles(PDA-BBR-NPs),incorporating them into a sodium alginate matrix for food preservation.The self-assembled PDA-BBR-NPs were synthesized using a solution oxidation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nanoparticle size analysis.The results demonstrated that PDA-BBR-NPs were uniform spheres with an average diameter of 177.1 nm.Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests showed that the optimal formulation had a drug loading capacity of 48.4%and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.70%.Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the dilution coating plate method,showing an inhibition rate of over 98%.Photothermal testing under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation revealed a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.65%.To assess the practical application of the nanoparticles,they were incorporated into a sodium alginate-based coating for the preservation of Kyoho grapes.Key parameters such as weight loss rate,pH,titratable acidity,and soluble solids content were monitored over a 12-day storage period at room temperature.The PDA-BBR-near-infrared spectroscopy-treated group exhibited significantly reduced weight loss rate(6.08%lower than the control group)and a slower decrease in pH.The coating effectively inhibited microbial activity and extended the shelf life of the grapes by 3-6 days compared to the control group.These findings demonstrated the potential of PDA-BBR-NPs to enhance the preservation of fresh produce through their combined antibacterial and photothermal effects,offering a promising method for extending fruit shelf life.
基金supported by the Carbon Emission Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(BE2022031-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program)(52131306,52122209,52403001)+1 种基金the Project on National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2400400)the Cultivation Program for The Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing Tech University。
文摘Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SICs)offer inherent energy-power synergy but are constrained by mismatched kinetics and life spans between the anode and cathode materials.Two-dimensional MoS_(2)@C composites demonstrate excellent kinetics and structural stability,thanks to the built-in electric field of the carbon heterostructure and its adaptability to volume changes.Yet,the carbon shell imposes a physical barrier to interfacial Na^(+)diffusion,while deep discharge induces the formation of crystalline Na_(2)S,accompanied by severe volumetric expansion and sluggish reversibility—factors that accelerate capacity fading and structural degradation.To address these challenges,a trace-level Ni doping strategy is introduced,enabling precise modulation of the composite's interlayer structure,electronic configuration,and reaction pathway.Ni incorporation expands the MoS_(2) interlayer spacing,reconstructs short-range ordered nanocrystals within a hierarchically porous network,and promotes Na^(+)diffusion by weakening interlayer van der Waals forces.Orbital hybridization between Ni-3d and Mo-4d/S-3p states enhances electronic conductivity and reduces charge transfer resistance.Critically,Ni doping enhances electron transfer from Ni to sulfur,which weakens Na–S bonds and promotes the formation of amorphous Na_(2)S,thereby suppressing crystalline Na_(2)S and enabling a reversible MoS_(2)/Na_(2)S conversion mechanism for improved structural stability and cycling performance.As a result,the optimized MoS_(2)-Ni@C anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 334 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)with 68%retention after 10,000 cycles.When assembled into a SIC device(MoS_(2)-Ni@C//AC),it achieves an energy density of 135 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 60.8 kW kg^(-1)(based on anode mass),with 76%retention over 3,000 cycles.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD2401703)。
文摘The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litopenaeus vannamei as a model species and two strains of Bacillus(W1 and XYB4)combined with sodium humate under zero-water exchange conditions.The growth performance,enzyme activity,and aquatic system microbial environment of L.vannamei were analyzed.Results showed that the combination of sodium humate and Bacillus strains effectively enhanced environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria while inhibiting the growth of Vibrio species,including green and yellow variants.Microbiome analysis showed that the group treated with Bacillus strains combined with sodium humate exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota than the other groups.Correspondingly,this treatment group showed substantially enhanced weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,and feed coefficient.Moreover,the phenol oxidase,catalase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase indexes of shrimps subjected to Bacillus–sodium humate treatment were considerably higher than those of the control group.These findings confirm that the combination of Bacillus and sodium humate has beneficial effects on shrimp growth and aquatic system quality control,providing a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of shrimp farming and aquaculture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171206)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B020001)the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2023R5244)。
文摘Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copper catalysis and photocatalysis is reported,allowing the construction of chiral 5-((sulfonyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones with β-quaternary stereocenters.During the transformation,sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the sulfur dioxide surrogate.Excellent enantiocontrol(up to 99%ee)and wide functional group compatibility are observed in this asymmetric radical sulfonylation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175089)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,China(No.202103AF140006)+2 种基金Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(Nos.202001AW070004,202301AS070051,202401AV070008)Yunnan Industrial Innovative Talents Program for“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”,China(No.KKXY202252001)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China(No.202202AG050003)。
文摘NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.
