A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determina-tion of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and geniposide in eucommia. Detection at 240 nm with a reversed-phasecolumn,...A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determina-tion of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and geniposide in eucommia. Detection at 240 nm with a reversed-phasecolumn, CH3OH volume fraction, acidic additive and pH value of mobile phase were studied for their effects on theseparability of the compounds. The most suitable separation was obtained with isocratic gradient elution systemusing CH3OH-H2O-H3 PO4 (12.00: 87.96: 0.04, volume ratio) at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. Under the experi-mental conditions, the capacity factors of three compounds are in 3-13. The sample is separated rightly. Theanalysis time is 30 min and the retention time of genfposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and geniposide are 6. 7 min,10.5 min and 21 min, respectively.展开更多
In this study, we assess the effectiveness of utilizing a straight knee kick in the backstroke with regard to the overall time, max speed, and distance per stroke when using a straight knee butterfly technique. We ana...In this study, we assess the effectiveness of utilizing a straight knee kick in the backstroke with regard to the overall time, max speed, and distance per stroke when using a straight knee butterfly technique. We analyzed freestyle kick of knee angles from 7-Olympic medalists, 1970＇s S-shaped pulling pattern stroke was used with a bending knee freestyle kick. The straight knee kick used in butterfly competitions resulted in improvements from 54.74 to 51.00 in Men＇s 100-meter butterfly and fi＇om 23.43 to 23.02 in Men＇s 50-meter butterfly. Using a straight knee kick in backstroke competitions resulted in improvements from 1：01.74 to 1：00.55 in the 100-meter backstroke event. Increases in performance speed, max speed and distance per stroke among three elite level swimmers are highly correlated to duration of the kick resistance, and straight knee kick in backstroke. The straight knee kick also resulted in an increase in lactate acid.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(...Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.展开更多
Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electro...Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.展开更多
Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)—leucine,isoleucine,and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression,metastasis,and immune modulation.This review comprehensiv...Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)—leucine,isoleucine,and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression,metastasis,and immune modulation.This review comprehensively explores how cancer cells rewire BCAA metabolism to enhance proliferation,survival,and therapy resistance.Tumors manipulate BCAA uptake and catabolism via high expression of transporters like L-type amino acid transporter 1(LAT1)and enzymes including branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1),branched chain amino acid transaminase 2(BCAT2),branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase(BCKDH),and branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase(BCKDK).These alterations sustain energy production,biosynthesis,redox homeostasis,and oncogenic signaling(especially mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1[mTORC1]).Crucially,tumor-driven BCAA depletion also shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment,impairing anti-tumor immunity by limiting essential nutrients for T cells and natural killer(NK)cells.Innovative therapeutic strategies targeting BCAA pathways—ranging from selective small-molecule inhibitors(e.g.,LAT1 and BCAT1/2)to dietary modulation—have shown promising preclinical and early clinical efficacy,highlighting their potential to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells while bolstering immune responses.By integrating multi-omics data and precision targeting approaches,this review underscores the translational significance of BCAA metabolic reprogramming,positioning it as a novel frontier in cancer treatment.展开更多
Preeclampsia(PE)poses a significant threat to maternal and fetal health,characterized by hypertension during pregnancy.This study investigates a promising approach to combat PE utilizing nanotechnology for the targete...Preeclampsia(PE)poses a significant threat to maternal and fetal health,characterized by hypertension during pregnancy.This study investigates a promising approach to combat PE utilizing nanotechnology for the targeted delivery of short-chain fatty acids.By leveraging a sol-gel method and chemical deposition,cerium oxide-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with sodium butyrate(CeO_(2)@MSN@SB)were synthesized.The innovative strategy focuses on modulating gut microbiota and JunB proto-oncogene(JUNB)gene expression to induce macrophage M2 polarization and facilitate vascular remodeling.Evaluation in PE mouse models revealed that CeO_(2)@MSN@SB effectively improved blood pressure,urinary protein levels,placental function,and gut microbiota composition.Furthermore,the nanoparticles exhibited the ability to regulate key genes related to angiogenesis and inflammation,notably JUNB,leading to enhanced macrophage M2 polarization,trophoblast functionality,and vascular restructuring.These findings highlight that the application of nanotechnology holds potential to advance PE prevention and therapy.展开更多
Objective:To investigate effect of oleanolic acid(OA)on atherosclerosis and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h and tr...Objective:To investigate effect of oleanolic acid(OA)on atherosclerosis and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h and treated with OA,and the levels of cell proliferation,migration,adhesion,and apoptosis were evaluated by BrdU staining,scratch healing assay,monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion assay and flow cytometry.The mice were fed with a high-fat diet to induce an atherosclerosis model,and treated with OA by gastric gavage.The mice were divided into the control group,the model group,and the OA administration group.The blood lipid and plaque formation in mice were detected.In addition,oxidative stress and mitochondrial structure and function changes in cells and mice were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,JC-1 fluorescent probe,and Western blotting assays.The expression levels of proteins in the AMPK/Drp1 pathway were examined through Western blot.Results:OA markedly increased cell viability and migration rate of HUVECs,and decreased the adhesion rate of THP-1 cells and the apoptosis rate.OA significantly reduced serum lipid levels,such as total cholesterol and triglyceride,in mice and inhibited plaque formation in the aorta.OA also significantly increased the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase,alleviated mitochondrial damage,such as mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cristae reduction,reduced the number of mitochondria,increased adenosine triphosphate content,and significantly reduced p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1,MFF and FIS1 levels,increased p-AMPK/AMPK levels,activated AMPK,and then regulated DRP1 activity.Conclusions:OA activates AMPK,which in turn regulates the activity of DRP1 to restore normal mitochondrial dynamics and reduce atherosclerosis.展开更多
Background:Recent studies have shown glycerolipid metabolism played an essential role in multiple tumors,however,its function in osteosarcoma is unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of glycerolipid metabolism ...Background:Recent studies have shown glycerolipid metabolism played an essential role in multiple tumors,however,its function in osteosarcoma is unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of glycerolipid metabolism in osteosarcoma.Methods:We conducted bioinformatics analysis using data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments(TARGET)database and single-cell RNA sequencing.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression was used to identify the Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and their interactions with immune cells were examined through single-cell analysis and co-culture experiments.Virtual screening was employed to identify the potential lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6(LPAR6)inhibitors.Results:Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3(AGPAT3)and aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1(ALDH7A1)were identified as key prognostic genes in osteosarcoma,with high AGPAT3 expression correlating with improved survival.Single-cell analysis revealed that AGPAT3 expression is associated with tumor immune microenvironment,particularly with TAMs.Knockdown of AGPAT3 in osteosarcoma cells resulted in elevated lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)levels,which regulated the immune environment,inhibiting cytotoxic T cell function through TAMs’LPAR6 signaling.LPAR6 signaling in TAMs mediates immune regulation through cytokine secretion,including interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10).Further drug virtual screening identified Dutasteride as a potential inhibitor of LPAR6.Conclusion:AGPAT3 is an important gene related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma.Its ability to modulate LPA signaling and TAM activity offers promising therapeutic opportunities for improving osteosarcoma treatment,particularly in immunotherapy contexts.展开更多
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neu...Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.展开更多
The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitte...The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.展开更多
The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given th...The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.展开更多
The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is well-documented.Nevertheless,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke ...The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is well-documented.Nevertheless,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely understudied.The release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the penumbra.Our findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma concentrations.These amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during hypoxia.It is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation.Thus,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.Understanding these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.展开更多
There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 poly...There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway.First,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation.Four weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks.During this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or not.Docosahexaenoic acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta.However,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum.Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum.The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger in...Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.展开更多
Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,ma...Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,making it a potentially superior feed additive.However,the efficacy,mechanistic differences,and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance,egg quality,and fatty liver disease in laying hens.Results A total of 1,44061-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg of CA,and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA(CON,CA25,CA50,CA100,CA200,CGA100,CGA200 and CGA400,respectively)for 12 weeks.Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality,while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation.CA and CGA significantly decreased TG,TC,and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes(ACLY,ACACA,FASN,and SCD1)and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes(FABPs,CD36,CPT1A,ACOX1,and SCP2).Of note,low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions.Mechanistically,CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαsignaling pathway.Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance,egg quality,and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens,with CA potentially being more economical and efficient.Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100.These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens,and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA(including the isomer of CGA)into CA,thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA.Highlights(1)Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver,laying performance and egg quality.(2)Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200.(3)CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαpathway to alleviate fatty liver.展开更多
The persistent stability of ruthenium dioxide(RuO_(2))in acidic oxygen evolution reactions(OER)is compromised by the involvement of lattice oxygen(LO)and metal dissolution during the OER process.Heteroatom doping has ...The persistent stability of ruthenium dioxide(RuO_(2))in acidic oxygen evolution reactions(OER)is compromised by the involvement of lattice oxygen(LO)and metal dissolution during the OER process.Heteroatom doping has been recognized as a viable strategy to foster the stability of RuO_(2)for acidic OER applications.This study presented an ion that does not readily gain or lose electrons,Ba^(2+),into RuO_(2)(Ba-RuO_(2))nanosheet(NS)catalyst that increased the number of exposed active sites,achieving a current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)with an overpotential of only 229 mV and sustaining this output for over 250 h.According to density functional theory(DFT)and X-ray absorption spectroscopy,Ba doping resulted in a longer Ru-O bond length,which in turn diminished the covalency of the bond.This alteration curtailed the involvement of LO and the dissolution of ruthenium(Ru),thereby markedly improving the durability of the catalyst over extended periods.Additionally,attenuated total reflectance-surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy analysis substantiated that the OER mechanism shifted from a LO-mediated pathway to an adsorbate evolution pathway due to Ba doping,thereby circumventing Ru over-oxidation and further enhancing the stability of RuO_(2).Furthermore,DFT findings uncovered that Ba doping optimizes the adsorption energy of intermediates,thus enhancing the OER activity in acidic environments.This study offers a potent strategy to guide future developments on Ru-based oxide catalysts'stability in an acidic environment.展开更多
基金Project (02JZY3029) supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province Pro-ject (2002-772) supported by the Development Planning Commission of Hunan Province
文摘A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determina-tion of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and geniposide in eucommia. Detection at 240 nm with a reversed-phasecolumn, CH3OH volume fraction, acidic additive and pH value of mobile phase were studied for their effects on theseparability of the compounds. The most suitable separation was obtained with isocratic gradient elution systemusing CH3OH-H2O-H3 PO4 (12.00: 87.96: 0.04, volume ratio) at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. Under the experi-mental conditions, the capacity factors of three compounds are in 3-13. The sample is separated rightly. Theanalysis time is 30 min and the retention time of genfposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and geniposide are 6. 7 min,10.5 min and 21 min, respectively.
文摘In this study, we assess the effectiveness of utilizing a straight knee kick in the backstroke with regard to the overall time, max speed, and distance per stroke when using a straight knee butterfly technique. We analyzed freestyle kick of knee angles from 7-Olympic medalists, 1970＇s S-shaped pulling pattern stroke was used with a bending knee freestyle kick. The straight knee kick used in butterfly competitions resulted in improvements from 54.74 to 51.00 in Men＇s 100-meter butterfly and fi＇om 23.43 to 23.02 in Men＇s 50-meter butterfly. Using a straight knee kick in backstroke competitions resulted in improvements from 1：01.74 to 1：00.55 in the 100-meter backstroke event. Increases in performance speed, max speed and distance per stroke among three elite level swimmers are highly correlated to duration of the kick resistance, and straight knee kick in backstroke. The straight knee kick also resulted in an increase in lactate acid.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110,52472231,52311530113)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"intergovernmental international science and technology cooperation project(23520710600)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22DZ1205600)the Central Guidance on Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province(2024ZY01011)。
文摘Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.
基金supported by a grant from the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(No.2024JJ13PT070)United Foundation for Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University(No.DMU-2&DICP UN202410)Dalian Life and Health Field Guidance Program Project(No.2024ZDJH01PT084).
文摘Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)—leucine,isoleucine,and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression,metastasis,and immune modulation.This review comprehensively explores how cancer cells rewire BCAA metabolism to enhance proliferation,survival,and therapy resistance.Tumors manipulate BCAA uptake and catabolism via high expression of transporters like L-type amino acid transporter 1(LAT1)and enzymes including branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1),branched chain amino acid transaminase 2(BCAT2),branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase(BCKDH),and branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase(BCKDK).These alterations sustain energy production,biosynthesis,redox homeostasis,and oncogenic signaling(especially mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1[mTORC1]).Crucially,tumor-driven BCAA depletion also shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment,impairing anti-tumor immunity by limiting essential nutrients for T cells and natural killer(NK)cells.Innovative therapeutic strategies targeting BCAA pathways—ranging from selective small-molecule inhibitors(e.g.,LAT1 and BCAT1/2)to dietary modulation—have shown promising preclinical and early clinical efficacy,highlighting their potential to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells while bolstering immune responses.By integrating multi-omics data and precision targeting approaches,this review underscores the translational significance of BCAA metabolic reprogramming,positioning it as a novel frontier in cancer treatment.
基金supported by the 2025 National Health Commission Scientific Research Fund-Major Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province(No:WKJ-ZJ-2533)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.SQ2022YFC2700013.2022YFC2704601).
文摘Preeclampsia(PE)poses a significant threat to maternal and fetal health,characterized by hypertension during pregnancy.This study investigates a promising approach to combat PE utilizing nanotechnology for the targeted delivery of short-chain fatty acids.By leveraging a sol-gel method and chemical deposition,cerium oxide-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with sodium butyrate(CeO_(2)@MSN@SB)were synthesized.The innovative strategy focuses on modulating gut microbiota and JunB proto-oncogene(JUNB)gene expression to induce macrophage M2 polarization and facilitate vascular remodeling.Evaluation in PE mouse models revealed that CeO_(2)@MSN@SB effectively improved blood pressure,urinary protein levels,placental function,and gut microbiota composition.Furthermore,the nanoparticles exhibited the ability to regulate key genes related to angiogenesis and inflammation,notably JUNB,leading to enhanced macrophage M2 polarization,trophoblast functionality,and vascular restructuring.These findings highlight that the application of nanotechnology holds potential to advance PE prevention and therapy.
文摘Objective:To investigate effect of oleanolic acid(OA)on atherosclerosis and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h and treated with OA,and the levels of cell proliferation,migration,adhesion,and apoptosis were evaluated by BrdU staining,scratch healing assay,monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion assay and flow cytometry.The mice were fed with a high-fat diet to induce an atherosclerosis model,and treated with OA by gastric gavage.The mice were divided into the control group,the model group,and the OA administration group.The blood lipid and plaque formation in mice were detected.In addition,oxidative stress and mitochondrial structure and function changes in cells and mice were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,JC-1 fluorescent probe,and Western blotting assays.The expression levels of proteins in the AMPK/Drp1 pathway were examined through Western blot.Results:OA markedly increased cell viability and migration rate of HUVECs,and decreased the adhesion rate of THP-1 cells and the apoptosis rate.OA significantly reduced serum lipid levels,such as total cholesterol and triglyceride,in mice and inhibited plaque formation in the aorta.OA also significantly increased the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase,alleviated mitochondrial damage,such as mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cristae reduction,reduced the number of mitochondria,increased adenosine triphosphate content,and significantly reduced p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1,MFF and FIS1 levels,increased p-AMPK/AMPK levels,activated AMPK,and then regulated DRP1 activity.Conclusions:OA activates AMPK,which in turn regulates the activity of DRP1 to restore normal mitochondrial dynamics and reduce atherosclerosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82460425)Jiangxi Provincial Health Technology Project(grant number 202510141).
文摘Background:Recent studies have shown glycerolipid metabolism played an essential role in multiple tumors,however,its function in osteosarcoma is unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of glycerolipid metabolism in osteosarcoma.Methods:We conducted bioinformatics analysis using data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments(TARGET)database and single-cell RNA sequencing.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression was used to identify the Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and their interactions with immune cells were examined through single-cell analysis and co-culture experiments.Virtual screening was employed to identify the potential lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6(LPAR6)inhibitors.Results:Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3(AGPAT3)and aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1(ALDH7A1)were identified as key prognostic genes in osteosarcoma,with high AGPAT3 expression correlating with improved survival.Single-cell analysis revealed that AGPAT3 expression is associated with tumor immune microenvironment,particularly with TAMs.Knockdown of AGPAT3 in osteosarcoma cells resulted in elevated lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)levels,which regulated the immune environment,inhibiting cytotoxic T cell function through TAMs’LPAR6 signaling.LPAR6 signaling in TAMs mediates immune regulation through cytokine secretion,including interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10).Further drug virtual screening identified Dutasteride as a potential inhibitor of LPAR6.Conclusion:AGPAT3 is an important gene related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma.Its ability to modulate LPA signaling and TAM activity offers promising therapeutic opportunities for improving osteosarcoma treatment,particularly in immunotherapy contexts.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation),project numbers 324633948 and 409784463(DFG grants Hi 678/9-3 and Hi 678/10-2,FOR2953)to HHBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-BMBF,project number 16LW0463K to HT.
文摘Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.
基金supported by the Center for Cognition and Sociality,Institute for Basic Science(IBS)(IBS-R001-D2)(to WK).
文摘The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.
基金supported by a grant from the French Society of Sleep Research and Medicine(to LS)The China Scholarship Council(to HL)The CNRS,INSERM,Claude Bernard University Lyon1(to LS)。
文摘The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by MICIU(grant number PID2021-128133NB-100/AEI/FEDER10.13039/501100011033 to JMHG)by the National Institutes of Health(grant number R01 NS083858 to SAK)+1 种基金the Intramural Grants Program IGPP00057(to SAK)VIC enjoys a FPU contract from the Comunidad de Madrid(PIPF-2022/SAL-GL-25948)。
文摘The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is well-documented.Nevertheless,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely understudied.The release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the penumbra.Our findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma concentrations.These amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during hypoxia.It is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation.Thus,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.Understanding these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.
基金supported by funding from Parkinson Canadafunded by a scholarship from Parkinson Canadaa scholarship from Fonds d’Enseignement et de Recherche (FER) (Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval)
文摘There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway.First,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation.Four weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks.During this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or not.Docosahexaenoic acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta.However,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum.Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum.The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202101BE070001-009,202301AU070189).
文摘Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1301200)China Agriculture Research Systems(CARS-40-K11)+2 种基金Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(BAIC06-2024-G05)Strategic Priority Research Program of the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NCTIP-XD/C08)The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(ASTIP-IAS-12)。
文摘Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,making it a potentially superior feed additive.However,the efficacy,mechanistic differences,and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance,egg quality,and fatty liver disease in laying hens.Results A total of 1,44061-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg of CA,and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA(CON,CA25,CA50,CA100,CA200,CGA100,CGA200 and CGA400,respectively)for 12 weeks.Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality,while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation.CA and CGA significantly decreased TG,TC,and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes(ACLY,ACACA,FASN,and SCD1)and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes(FABPs,CD36,CPT1A,ACOX1,and SCP2).Of note,low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions.Mechanistically,CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαsignaling pathway.Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance,egg quality,and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens,with CA potentially being more economical and efficient.Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100.These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens,and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA(including the isomer of CGA)into CA,thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA.Highlights(1)Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver,laying performance and egg quality.(2)Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200.(3)CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαpathway to alleviate fatty liver.
基金supported by Young Project of Education Department in Guizhou Province(No.2022099)the Natural Science Special of Guizhou University(No.X202220 Special Post A)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22208071)。
文摘The persistent stability of ruthenium dioxide(RuO_(2))in acidic oxygen evolution reactions(OER)is compromised by the involvement of lattice oxygen(LO)and metal dissolution during the OER process.Heteroatom doping has been recognized as a viable strategy to foster the stability of RuO_(2)for acidic OER applications.This study presented an ion that does not readily gain or lose electrons,Ba^(2+),into RuO_(2)(Ba-RuO_(2))nanosheet(NS)catalyst that increased the number of exposed active sites,achieving a current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)with an overpotential of only 229 mV and sustaining this output for over 250 h.According to density functional theory(DFT)and X-ray absorption spectroscopy,Ba doping resulted in a longer Ru-O bond length,which in turn diminished the covalency of the bond.This alteration curtailed the involvement of LO and the dissolution of ruthenium(Ru),thereby markedly improving the durability of the catalyst over extended periods.Additionally,attenuated total reflectance-surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy analysis substantiated that the OER mechanism shifted from a LO-mediated pathway to an adsorbate evolution pathway due to Ba doping,thereby circumventing Ru over-oxidation and further enhancing the stability of RuO_(2).Furthermore,DFT findings uncovered that Ba doping optimizes the adsorption energy of intermediates,thus enhancing the OER activity in acidic environments.This study offers a potent strategy to guide future developments on Ru-based oxide catalysts'stability in an acidic environment.
