Neutralizing antibodies are essential tools in antiviral therapy and epidemic preparedness,capable of directlyinhibiting viral entry and limiting disease progression.However,traditional antibody discovery strategies—...Neutralizing antibodies are essential tools in antiviral therapy and epidemic preparedness,capable of directlyinhibiting viral entry and limiting disease progression.However,traditional antibody discovery strategies—suchas animal immunization or B cell isolation from infected individuals—are often hindered by biosafety concerns,lengthy development timelines,and limited adaptability during outbreaks.In the present study,we aimed toestablish a robust and rapid in vitro platform for the efficient isolation of neutralizing antibodies targetingconserved viral epitopes.We developed an epitope-guided negative screening strategy that integrates phagedisplay technology with rational antigen mutagenesis to exclude antibodies against variable regions whileenriching for those that recognize functionally constrained epitopes.When applied to the receptor-binding domainof severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,this method enabled the identification of six neutralizingantibodies(one IgG and five nanobodies)exhibiting broad-spectrum neutralizing activity across multiple viralvariants.Notably,antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes demonstrated significant synergistic neutralizationwhen used in combination(P<0.05).This screening approach facilitates the rapid discovery of potent andmutation-resistant antibodies and holds promise for application to other emerging pathogens.Our findingsunderscore the potential of epitope-guided,in vitro platforms in expediting therapeutic antibody developmentunder conditions of high biosafety requirements.展开更多
Up to now,how the secretion modes of intestinal fluid(i.e.,pancreaticobiliary secretion and wall secretion)can regulate intestinal acid-base environment has not been fully understood.Understanding the regulation mecha...Up to now,how the secretion modes of intestinal fluid(i.e.,pancreaticobiliary secretion and wall secretion)can regulate intestinal acid-base environment has not been fully understood.Understanding the regulation mechanism is not only of great significance for intestinal health but may also lead to optimized designs for bio-inspired soft elastic reactors(SERs).In this work,the mixing and reaction of acidic gastric juice and alkaline intestinal fluid in a 3D duodenum with moving walls were modelled.A unique feature of this model is the implementation of both pancreaticobiliary and wall secretion of intestinal fluid as boundary conditions.This model allowed us to quantitatively explore the influence of secretion modes on pH regulation.The results demonstrated that coexistence of both pancreaticobiliary and wall secretions is the key to maintain the average pH in the duodenum at about 7.4.Their coexistence synergistically promotes the mixing and reaction of acid-base digestion liquids and provides a suitable catalytic environment for lipase in the intestine.展开更多
Water management within the membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs)of electrochemical hydrogen compressors(EHCs)plays a crucial role in optimizing overall performance,particularly under low relative humidity(RH),where the...Water management within the membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs)of electrochemical hydrogen compressors(EHCs)plays a crucial role in optimizing overall performance,particularly under low relative humidity(RH),where the anode side tends to dry out.Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with amino groups(HMSNs-NH_(2))were integrated into the anode catalyst layers of EHCs to establish humidity-independent proton pathways through acid-base interactions with Nafion ionomers.These acid-base pairs between grafted–NH_(2)and sulfonic acid groups create continuous“proton highways”,enabling efficient conduction via the Grotthuss mechanism even at 50%RH.With only 2.5 wt%HMSNs-NH_(2)in the anode catalyst layer,hydrogen was compressed to 0.9 MPa in 60±3 s at 50%RH,representing a 55%reduction in compression time compared to MEAs with conventional Pt/C catalyst layers under the same conditions.This work overcomes the critical water-management bottleneck in EHCs,advancing the deployment of hydrogen energy technologies in arid environments.展开更多
The most widely used bisphenol A-type epoxy resin(DGEBA)in electrical engineering demonstrates excellent mechanical and electrical properties.However,the insoluble and infusible characteristics of cured DGEBA make it ...The most widely used bisphenol A-type epoxy resin(DGEBA)in electrical engineering demonstrates excellent mechanical and electrical properties.However,the insoluble and infusible characteristics of cured DGEBA make it difficult to efficiently degrade and recycle decommissioned electrical equipment.In this study,a degradable itaconic acid-based epoxy resin incorporating dynamic covalent bonds was prepared through the integration of ester bonds and disulfide bonds,with itaconic acid as the precursor.The covalent bonding effects on the mechanical,thermal,electrical,and degradation characteristics were systematically evaluated.The experimental results revealed that the introduction of dynamic ester bonds enhanced the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resin system,achieving a flexural strength of 141.57 MPa and an initial decomposition temperature T_(5%)of up to 344.9℃.The resin system containing dynamic disulfide bonds exhibited a dielectric breakdown strength of 41.11 k V/mm.Simultaneously,the incorporation of disulfide bonds endowed the epoxy resin with remarkable degradability,enabling complete dissolution within 1.5 h at 90℃ in a mixed solution of dithiothreitol(DTT)and N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP).This research provides a valuable reference for the application of itaconic acid-based vitrimer with dynamic covalent bonds in electrical materials,contributing to the development and utilization of environmentally friendly electrical equipment.展开更多
Ostreopsis cf.ovata is a marine benthic dinoflagellate in tropical and temperate seas and can produce potent toxic compounds.The existence of O.cf.ovata has been found in the Chinese coastal areas,but studies on its t...Ostreopsis cf.ovata is a marine benthic dinoflagellate in tropical and temperate seas and can produce potent toxic compounds.The existence of O.cf.ovata has been found in the Chinese coastal areas,but studies on its toxicity are very few.This study investigated the toxicity of the O.cf.ovata(TIO991)isolated from Weizhou Island in the South China Sea by using methanol and chloroform to extract toxic compounds from the algal cells cultured indoor.Experiments on mouse acute toxicity showed that the crude methanol extract(CME)of O.cf.ovata caused the death of mice in 16–18 min.Furthermore,CME inhibited the cell reproduction of human neuroblastoma cells(BE(2)-M17 cells)by Cell Counting Kit-8 with a dose-and time-effect relationship and caused cell death in the form of cell necrosis.We found that CME had strong hemolytic activity and was significantly inhibited by ouabain,indicating that CME might contain palytoxins.By contrast,the crude chloroform extract of O.cf.ovata was relatively weak in toxicity as obtained in our experiments on mouse acute toxicity,cytotoxicity,and hemolytic activity.This suggests that the algae may raise the potential threat to marine ecosystems and public health.展开更多
Water resources health diagnosis is increasingly recognized as a critical tool.It should not only guide the preservation of water volume,quality,and ecological integrity but also assess the viability of carbon-neutral...Water resources health diagnosis is increasingly recognized as a critical tool.It should not only guide the preservation of water volume,quality,and ecological integrity but also assess the viability of carbon-neutral development pathways.But current research tends to consider water health assessment and carbon-neutrality planning as separate endeavors,which results in imprecise boundaries,disjointed metrics,and a weak linkage between diagnostic outcomes and testable management actions.This review brings together indicator systems,diagnostic systems,and environmental management systems architectures that make it possible to have integrated water-carbon governance.We define fundamental concepts and delimiting decisions followed by the examination of indicator designs across the hydrological regime,water quality,ecological integrity,service performance,resilience,and carbon-related measures,including intensity of energy/emissions,emissions caused by the watershed process of wastewater treatment,as well as the potential sink of the watershed.We compare diagnostic methods,such as composite indices and multi-criteria decision analysis,data-driven early-warning models,process-based and integrated simulations,as well as uncertainty-aware robustness models.Here,based on this synthesis,we suggest an environmental management systems(EMS)-based pathway,which connects the setting of the baseline,the diagnosis,the design of the intervention portfolio,and the measurement-reporting-verification into the closed-loop adaptive cycle.Digital enablement,comprising Internet of Things(IoT)monitoring,remote sensing,data fusion,optimization,and digital twins,is considered a viable way of scaling implementation,subject to interoperability,validation,and model governance.Among the major gaps,there are causal attribution to outcomes,cross-scale coupling of facility emissions and basin health,propagation of uncertainty in a coupled model,and credible Measurement,Reporting,and Verification(MRV)of non-CO_(2) gases and nature-based removals.The review gives a roadmap to normalize core metrics and fast-deployable systems to protect the health of the water resources and give verifiable progress towards carbon neutrality.展开更多
Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emi...Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)represents a sustainable and environmentally benign route for ammonia(NH3)synthesis.However,NO3RR is still limited by the competition from hydrogen evolution reaction(...Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)represents a sustainable and environmentally benign route for ammonia(NH3)synthesis.However,NO3RR is still limited by the competition from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the high energy barrier in the hydrogenation step of nitrogen-containing intermediates.Here,we report a selective etching strategy to construct Ru M nanoalloys(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)uniformly dispersed on porous nitrogen-doped carbon substrates for efficient neutral NH3electrosynthesis.Density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergic effect between Ru and transition metal M modulates the electronic structure of the alloy,significantly lowering the energy barrier for the conversion of*NO_(2)to*HNO_(2).Experimentally,the optimized Ru Fe-NC catalyst achieves 100%Faraday efficiency with a high yield rate of 0.83 mg h^(-1)mg^(-1)catat a low potential of-0.1 V vs.RHE,outperforming most reported catalysts.In situ spectroscopic analyses further demonstrate that the Ru M-NC effectively promotes the hydrogenation of nitrogen intermediates while inhibiting the formation of hydrogen radicals,thereby reducing HER competition.The Ru FeNC assembled Zn-NO_(3)^(-)battery achieved a high open-circuit voltage and an outstanding power density and capacity,which drive selective NO_(3)^(-)conversion to NH3.This work provides a powerful synergistic design strategy for efficient NH3electrosynthesis and a general framework for the development of advanced multi-component catalysts for sustainable nitrogen conversion.展开更多
The global transition to carbon neutrality is an urgent and multifaceted challenge that requires the deployment of renewable energy technologies and negative emission solutions(NETs)to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ...The global transition to carbon neutrality is an urgent and multifaceted challenge that requires the deployment of renewable energy technologies and negative emission solutions(NETs)to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors.This is a review article that looks at the contemporary environment of renewable technologies,such as solar,wind,biomass,hydropower,and geothermal,and how they might help to decarbonize the power sector and their combination with NETs.The paper also looks at the prospects of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,afforestation and reforestation,soil carbon sequestration,ocean-based,and enhanced weathering as some of the methods of offsetting the residual emissions.The article also outlines the economic,policy,and social factors required to have these solutions scaled up,such as the need to have good policy frameworks,invest in innovation,and the need to have the people on board.Lastly,it also gives the future perspective of having a carbon-neutral global economy,and it highlights that technology must be enhanced,more cooperation between countries must be established,and a holistic,open-ended way of attaining carbon neutrality.展开更多
Advanced age impairs bone fracture healing;the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown.We determined that apolipoprotein E(ApoE)increases with age and causes poor fracture healing.After deletion of hep...Advanced age impairs bone fracture healing;the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown.We determined that apolipoprotein E(ApoE)increases with age and causes poor fracture healing.After deletion of hepatic ApoE expression(ΔApoE),24-month-oldΔApoE mice displayed a 95%reduction in circulating ApoE levels and significantly improved fracture healing.ApoE treatment of aged BMSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiation in tissue culture models;RNA-seq,Western blot,immunofluorescence,and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is the target of this inhibition.Indeed,we showed that ApoE had no effect on cultures with stabilizedβ-catenin levels.Next,we determined that Lrp4 serves as the osteoblast cell surface receptor to ApoE,as expression of Lrp4 is required in ApoE-based inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteoblast differentiation.Importantly,we validated this ApoE-Lrp4-Wnt/β-catenin molecular mechanism in human osteoblast differentiation.Finally,we identified an ApoE-neutralizing antibody(NAb)and used it to treat aged,wildtype mice 3 days after fracture surgery resulting in fracture calluses with 35%more bone deposition.Our work here identifies novel liver-to-bone cross-talk and a noninvasive,translatable therapeutic intervention for aged bone regeneration.展开更多
In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda抯 sera was established by using t...In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda抯 sera was established by using two-fold dilutions of serum and 100 TCID50 of the virus. The 62 sera samples of giant pandas, which were gathered from zoos and reserve region of Sichuan Province, China were detected. The neutralization antibody titer of 1:4 was recognized as the positive criterion, 8 sera samples were detected to be positive, and the positive rate was 12.9%. The titers of neutralizing antibody ranged from 1:8 to 1:32. It was the first comprehensive investigation on neutralization antibodies against CCV in giant panda population in China. The results of study showed that the infection of CCV in giant panda population was universal, which has posed a threat to the health of giant panda. Therefore, it is incumbent on us to study safe and effective vaccines to protect giant panda against CCV infection.展开更多
Selective recovery of scandium and titanium from red mud leaching solution was achieved through neutralization precipitation followed by acid leaching approach.In the neutralization precipitation section,the effects o...Selective recovery of scandium and titanium from red mud leaching solution was achieved through neutralization precipitation followed by acid leaching approach.In the neutralization precipitation section,the effects of pH,temperature and reaction time on metal precipitation efficiency were investigated.Under the optimal co ndition,the precipitation efficiencies of scandium and titanium were 93.74%and 99.47%,respectively.In the acid leaching section,the effects of acidity,temperature,reaction time,and raffinate to acid solution ratio on leaching efficiency were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the leaching efficiencies of scandium and titanium were 99.97%and 5.44%,respectively.The loss of scandium and titanium were 6.3%and 5.9%,respectively.Compared with the traditional extraction procedure of scandium in red mud,this method could separate titanium from scandium effectively,which is beneficial for the purification of the products and improvement of value of the metal.展开更多
Acetol is a major light oxygenate and readily produced from staged or fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose biomass. Herein we report that acetol can be selectively converted to methyl pyruvate, an important fine chemical,...Acetol is a major light oxygenate and readily produced from staged or fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose biomass. Herein we report that acetol can be selectively converted to methyl pyruvate, an important fine chemical, through oxidative esterification over Au-based catalysts. Detailed experimental studies showed that Au on amphoteric supports with appropriate strength and balanced ratio of acid and base sites can facilitate the desired oxidative-esterification pathway without accelerating undesired aldol-condensation or Cannizzaro reactions. In particular, hydroxyapatite (with a Ca/P ratio of 1.62) supported Au achieved 87% selectivity to methyl pyruvate at an acetol conversion of 62%.展开更多
To achieve the neutralization control requirements of the radio-frequency(RF)ion microthruster(μRIT)in the‘Taiji-1’satellite mission,we proposed an active neutralization control solution that is based on the carbon...To achieve the neutralization control requirements of the radio-frequency(RF)ion microthruster(μRIT)in the‘Taiji-1’satellite mission,we proposed an active neutralization control solution that is based on the carbon nanotube field emission technology.The carbon nanotube field emission neutralizer(CNTN)has the characteristics of light weight,small size,and propellantless,which is especially suitable for the neutralization control tasks of ion microthrusters.The Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with Tsinghua University,has successfully developed a CNTN to meet mission requirements.On the ground,the feasibility of cooperation working betweenμRIT and CNTN was fully verified,as well as the simulation and experimental study of neutralization control strategy,which finally passed the engineering assessment test.Since the launch of‘Taiji-1’satellite on 31 August,2019,the RF ion micropropulsion system has successfully completed nearly one hundred test missions in space.The test results indicate that CNTN does not have performance degradation,and the neutralization control strategy is effective.展开更多
On October 13,2020,on the fairway connecting the Polish Baltic ports ofSwinoujscie and Szczecin,an underwater hazardous object of historical origin in the form of the British deep penetration bomb Tallboy dropped duri...On October 13,2020,on the fairway connecting the Polish Baltic ports ofSwinoujscie and Szczecin,an underwater hazardous object of historical origin in the form of the British deep penetration bomb Tallboy dropped during the bombing of the German cruiser"Lützow"in April 1945 was neutralized successfully.It is believed to be the first underwater action concerning this type of bomb,which has previously been neutralized on land in Europe(Germany,one confirmed case).The preparation of the operation,on an unprecedented scale at national,European and global level,took one year and included a series of projects related to clearing the space around the bomb from other identified UXO objects,international consultations,historical analyses,determination of the risk to residents and critical infrastructure in the event of an explosion of the bomb containing approximately 2400 kg of the TORPEX explosive(with an increased force equivalent to almost 3600 kg of TNT).The object was neutralized on spot at the depth of 12 m,near a ferry crossing,by specialists from the 41st Navy EOD Team from the 12th MCM Squadron(8th Coastal Defence Flotilla),using the Low Order Deflagration technique(underwater deflagration method).In the case discussed,there was an accumulation of unfavourable conditions which practically excluded the use of blow-in-situ explosive methods(BIP),as well as the extraction of the object and its transport to a military ground.After a partial deflagration of the explosive,the explosive was detonated(DDT).Estimates indicate that the deflagration level reached between 55 and 60%,which significantly reduced the strength and effects of the underwater explosion.展开更多
This paper analyzed the current situation and development trends of energy consumption and carbon emissions,and the current situation and development trend of coal consumption in China.In the context of recently estab...This paper analyzed the current situation and development trends of energy consumption and carbon emissions,and the current situation and development trend of coal consumption in China.In the context of recently established carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets,this paper put forward the main problems associated with the green and low-carbon development and utilization of coal.Five key technological innovation directions in mining were proposed,including green coal development,intelligent and efficient mining,low-carbon utilization and conversion of coal,energy conservation and emission reduction,carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).Focusing on the above technological innovation directions,it is suggested to carry out three basic theories,including the theory of green efficient intelligent mining,clean and low-carbon utilization and transformation of coal,and CCUS.Meanwhile,it is proposed to develop 12 key technologies,including green coal mining and ecological environment protection,efficient coal mining and intelligent mine construction,key technologies and equipment for efficient coal processing,underground coal gasification and mining,ultra-high parameter and ultra-supercritical power generation technology,intelligent and flexible coal-fired power generation technology,new power cycle coal-fired power generation technology,the development of coal-based special fuels,coal-based bulk and specialty chemicals,energy conservation and consumption reduction,large-scale and low-cost carbon capture,CO_(2) utilization and storage.Finally,necessary measures from the governmental perspective were also proposed.展开更多
The CD4 binding site(CD4bs) of envelope glycoprotein(Env) is an important conserved target for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies IgG1 b12(b12) ...The CD4 binding site(CD4bs) of envelope glycoprotein(Env) is an important conserved target for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies IgG1 b12(b12) could recognize conformational epitopes that overlap the CD4 bs of Env. Different virus strains, even derived from the same individual, showed distinct neutralization susceptibility to b12. We examined the key amino acid residues affecting b12 neutralization susceptibility using single genome amplification and pseudovirus neutralization assay. Eleven amino acid residues were identified that affect the sensitivity of Env to b12. Through site-directed mutagenesis, an amino acid substitution at position 182 in the V2 region of Env was confirmed to play a key role in regulating the b12 neutralization susceptibility. The introduction of V182 L to a resistant strain enhanced its sensitivity to b12 more than twofold. Correspondingly, the introduction of L182 V to a sensitive strain reduced its sensitivity to b12 more than tenfold. Amino acid substitution at positions 267 and 346 could both enhance the sensitivity to b12 more than twofold. However, no additive effect was observed when the three site mutageneses were introduced into the same strain, and the sensitivity was equivalent to the single V182 L mutation. CRF07_BC is a major circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 prevalent in China. Our data may provide important information for understanding the molecular mechanism regulating the neutralization susceptibility of CRF07_BC viruses to b12 and may be helpful for a vaccine design targeting the CD4 bs epitopes.展开更多
The neutralizing activities of eight monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） against white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） （2D2, 2B2,1D2, 1D5, 1C2, 4A1, 6A4 and 6B4） were analyzed by in vivo experiments. Gills from WSSV-infecte...The neutralizing activities of eight monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） against white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） （2D2, 2B2,1D2, 1D5, 1C2, 4A1, 6A4 and 6B4） were analyzed by in vivo experiments. Gills from WSSV-infected shrimp were homogenized and ten-fold serially diluted by PBS, and then incubated with MAbs （hybridoma culture supernatant）, respectively. The mixture of WSSV and MAbs were injected into crayfish （Procambarus clarkii）. After challenge, the death rates of crayfish were counted to determine the neutralizing activities of MAbs. At the same time, the mixture of myeloma culture supernatant and WSSV or PBS was served as positive or negative control, respectively. The results showed that, at each virus dilution, the mean time to death of the crayfish injected with MAb-treated virus was significantly longer than that in the positive control, though they all showed 100% mortality within 25 d, and meanwhile, few crayfish died in the negative control. Among the eight MAbs, 2D2, 2B2, 1D2 and 1D5, especially the former two, delayed the mortality significantly, and 1 C2, 4A1 and 6A4 delayed the mortality as well but not so efficiently, while MAb 6IM was efficient only when the virus concentration increased. The results indicated that the anti-WSSV MAbs can neutralize WSSV in different virus dilutions.展开更多
This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_...This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_2CO_3 particles, were investigated using a laboratory-scale mixer, and properties of the agglomeration product were analyzed, including particle size distribution, Hunter color, and flowability. Torque curves evolving during the process were correlated with the system flowability. Three distinguishable regimes were indicated, dry, wet, and transitional, and the agitation speed was found to have a different influence on the agglomeration process for the three regimes. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on reactive agglomeration significantly differed from that in agglomeration processes in which the binder was non-reactive.展开更多
Bauxite residues,a large volume solid waste,are in urgent need of effective disposal and management.Especially,strategies to alleviate the high alkalinity of bauxite residue remain a big challenge.Here,we developed a ...Bauxite residues,a large volume solid waste,are in urgent need of effective disposal and management.Especially,strategies to alleviate the high alkalinity of bauxite residue remain a big challenge.Here,we developed a synergistic pyrolysis to neutralize the alkalinity of bauxite residue and upgrade the structure of biomass simultaneously.By cooperating the catalytic feature from bauxite residue,rice straw,a cellulose-enriched biomass,could prefer to produce acidic components under a hypothermal pyrolysis temperature(below 250℃)and partial oxygen-contained atmosphere as evidenced by the synchronous TGA-FTIR analysis.In return,these in-situ produced acidic components neutralized the bauxite residue profoundly(pH decreased from 11.5 to 7.2)to obtain a neutral product with long-term water leaching stability.Also,a higher pyrolysis temperature led to neutral biochar-based products with well-defined carbonization characteristics.Thus,the biomass-driven pyrolysis strategy provides a potential to dispose the alkalinity issue of bauxite residue and further opportunities for the sustainable reuse and continuing management of bauxite residue.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.22KJB310001 to W.G.)the Special Project of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.BE2023603 to W.G.)the Nanjing Medical University Science and Technology Development Foundation(Grant No.NMUB20210006 to W.G.).
文摘Neutralizing antibodies are essential tools in antiviral therapy and epidemic preparedness,capable of directlyinhibiting viral entry and limiting disease progression.However,traditional antibody discovery strategies—suchas animal immunization or B cell isolation from infected individuals—are often hindered by biosafety concerns,lengthy development timelines,and limited adaptability during outbreaks.In the present study,we aimed toestablish a robust and rapid in vitro platform for the efficient isolation of neutralizing antibodies targetingconserved viral epitopes.We developed an epitope-guided negative screening strategy that integrates phagedisplay technology with rational antigen mutagenesis to exclude antibodies against variable regions whileenriching for those that recognize functionally constrained epitopes.When applied to the receptor-binding domainof severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,this method enabled the identification of six neutralizingantibodies(one IgG and five nanobodies)exhibiting broad-spectrum neutralizing activity across multiple viralvariants.Notably,antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes demonstrated significant synergistic neutralizationwhen used in combination(P<0.05).This screening approach facilitates the rapid discovery of potent andmutation-resistant antibodies and holds promise for application to other emerging pathogens.Our findingsunderscore the potential of epitope-guided,in vitro platforms in expediting therapeutic antibody developmentunder conditions of high biosafety requirements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978184)the“Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Shuang Chuang)Program”,the“Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors Program”the“Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions”.
文摘Up to now,how the secretion modes of intestinal fluid(i.e.,pancreaticobiliary secretion and wall secretion)can regulate intestinal acid-base environment has not been fully understood.Understanding the regulation mechanism is not only of great significance for intestinal health but may also lead to optimized designs for bio-inspired soft elastic reactors(SERs).In this work,the mixing and reaction of acidic gastric juice and alkaline intestinal fluid in a 3D duodenum with moving walls were modelled.A unique feature of this model is the implementation of both pancreaticobiliary and wall secretion of intestinal fluid as boundary conditions.This model allowed us to quantitatively explore the influence of secretion modes on pH regulation.The results demonstrated that coexistence of both pancreaticobiliary and wall secretions is the key to maintain the average pH in the duodenum at about 7.4.Their coexistence synergistically promotes the mixing and reaction of acid-base digestion liquids and provides a suitable catalytic environment for lipase in the intestine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208376,No.UA22A20429)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202118,No.25CX07002A)+1 种基金the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202303)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024QB175 and ZR2023LFG005)。
文摘Water management within the membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs)of electrochemical hydrogen compressors(EHCs)plays a crucial role in optimizing overall performance,particularly under low relative humidity(RH),where the anode side tends to dry out.Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with amino groups(HMSNs-NH_(2))were integrated into the anode catalyst layers of EHCs to establish humidity-independent proton pathways through acid-base interactions with Nafion ionomers.These acid-base pairs between grafted–NH_(2)and sulfonic acid groups create continuous“proton highways”,enabling efficient conduction via the Grotthuss mechanism even at 50%RH.With only 2.5 wt%HMSNs-NH_(2)in the anode catalyst layer,hydrogen was compressed to 0.9 MPa in 60±3 s at 50%RH,representing a 55%reduction in compression time compared to MEAs with conventional Pt/C catalyst layers under the same conditions.This work overcomes the critical water-management bottleneck in EHCs,advancing the deployment of hydrogen energy technologies in arid environments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377025)。
文摘The most widely used bisphenol A-type epoxy resin(DGEBA)in electrical engineering demonstrates excellent mechanical and electrical properties.However,the insoluble and infusible characteristics of cured DGEBA make it difficult to efficiently degrade and recycle decommissioned electrical equipment.In this study,a degradable itaconic acid-based epoxy resin incorporating dynamic covalent bonds was prepared through the integration of ester bonds and disulfide bonds,with itaconic acid as the precursor.The covalent bonding effects on the mechanical,thermal,electrical,and degradation characteristics were systematically evaluated.The experimental results revealed that the introduction of dynamic ester bonds enhanced the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resin system,achieving a flexural strength of 141.57 MPa and an initial decomposition temperature T_(5%)of up to 344.9℃.The resin system containing dynamic disulfide bonds exhibited a dielectric breakdown strength of 41.11 k V/mm.Simultaneously,the incorporation of disulfide bonds endowed the epoxy resin with remarkable degradability,enabling complete dissolution within 1.5 h at 90℃ in a mixed solution of dithiothreitol(DTT)and N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP).This research provides a valuable reference for the application of itaconic acid-based vitrimer with dynamic covalent bonds in electrical materials,contributing to the development and utilization of environmentally friendly electrical equipment.
基金Supported by the Special Research for the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176206)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MD071)。
文摘Ostreopsis cf.ovata is a marine benthic dinoflagellate in tropical and temperate seas and can produce potent toxic compounds.The existence of O.cf.ovata has been found in the Chinese coastal areas,but studies on its toxicity are very few.This study investigated the toxicity of the O.cf.ovata(TIO991)isolated from Weizhou Island in the South China Sea by using methanol and chloroform to extract toxic compounds from the algal cells cultured indoor.Experiments on mouse acute toxicity showed that the crude methanol extract(CME)of O.cf.ovata caused the death of mice in 16–18 min.Furthermore,CME inhibited the cell reproduction of human neuroblastoma cells(BE(2)-M17 cells)by Cell Counting Kit-8 with a dose-and time-effect relationship and caused cell death in the form of cell necrosis.We found that CME had strong hemolytic activity and was significantly inhibited by ouabain,indicating that CME might contain palytoxins.By contrast,the crude chloroform extract of O.cf.ovata was relatively weak in toxicity as obtained in our experiments on mouse acute toxicity,cytotoxicity,and hemolytic activity.This suggests that the algae may raise the potential threat to marine ecosystems and public health.
文摘Water resources health diagnosis is increasingly recognized as a critical tool.It should not only guide the preservation of water volume,quality,and ecological integrity but also assess the viability of carbon-neutral development pathways.But current research tends to consider water health assessment and carbon-neutrality planning as separate endeavors,which results in imprecise boundaries,disjointed metrics,and a weak linkage between diagnostic outcomes and testable management actions.This review brings together indicator systems,diagnostic systems,and environmental management systems architectures that make it possible to have integrated water-carbon governance.We define fundamental concepts and delimiting decisions followed by the examination of indicator designs across the hydrological regime,water quality,ecological integrity,service performance,resilience,and carbon-related measures,including intensity of energy/emissions,emissions caused by the watershed process of wastewater treatment,as well as the potential sink of the watershed.We compare diagnostic methods,such as composite indices and multi-criteria decision analysis,data-driven early-warning models,process-based and integrated simulations,as well as uncertainty-aware robustness models.Here,based on this synthesis,we suggest an environmental management systems(EMS)-based pathway,which connects the setting of the baseline,the diagnosis,the design of the intervention portfolio,and the measurement-reporting-verification into the closed-loop adaptive cycle.Digital enablement,comprising Internet of Things(IoT)monitoring,remote sensing,data fusion,optimization,and digital twins,is considered a viable way of scaling implementation,subject to interoperability,validation,and model governance.Among the major gaps,there are causal attribution to outcomes,cross-scale coupling of facility emissions and basin health,propagation of uncertainty in a coupled model,and credible Measurement,Reporting,and Verification(MRV)of non-CO_(2) gases and nature-based removals.The review gives a roadmap to normalize core metrics and fast-deployable systems to protect the health of the water resources and give verifiable progress towards carbon neutrality.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275039)the Meteorological Joint Fund by NSF and CMA(Grant No.U2342224)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701202)the S&T Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ019)。
文摘Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22466010)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)ZK[2023]47 and key program ZD[2025]075+6 种基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for overseas Talents in Guizhou Province[2022]02Specific Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou University(X202207)the national undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship training program(gzugc2023006gzusc2024012)SRT project of Guizhou university(2023SRT0292023SRT024)supported by Shanghai Technical Service Center of Science and Engineering Computing,Shanghai University。
文摘Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)represents a sustainable and environmentally benign route for ammonia(NH3)synthesis.However,NO3RR is still limited by the competition from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the high energy barrier in the hydrogenation step of nitrogen-containing intermediates.Here,we report a selective etching strategy to construct Ru M nanoalloys(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)uniformly dispersed on porous nitrogen-doped carbon substrates for efficient neutral NH3electrosynthesis.Density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergic effect between Ru and transition metal M modulates the electronic structure of the alloy,significantly lowering the energy barrier for the conversion of*NO_(2)to*HNO_(2).Experimentally,the optimized Ru Fe-NC catalyst achieves 100%Faraday efficiency with a high yield rate of 0.83 mg h^(-1)mg^(-1)catat a low potential of-0.1 V vs.RHE,outperforming most reported catalysts.In situ spectroscopic analyses further demonstrate that the Ru M-NC effectively promotes the hydrogenation of nitrogen intermediates while inhibiting the formation of hydrogen radicals,thereby reducing HER competition.The Ru FeNC assembled Zn-NO_(3)^(-)battery achieved a high open-circuit voltage and an outstanding power density and capacity,which drive selective NO_(3)^(-)conversion to NH3.This work provides a powerful synergistic design strategy for efficient NH3electrosynthesis and a general framework for the development of advanced multi-component catalysts for sustainable nitrogen conversion.
文摘The global transition to carbon neutrality is an urgent and multifaceted challenge that requires the deployment of renewable energy technologies and negative emission solutions(NETs)to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors.This is a review article that looks at the contemporary environment of renewable technologies,such as solar,wind,biomass,hydropower,and geothermal,and how they might help to decarbonize the power sector and their combination with NETs.The paper also looks at the prospects of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,afforestation and reforestation,soil carbon sequestration,ocean-based,and enhanced weathering as some of the methods of offsetting the residual emissions.The article also outlines the economic,policy,and social factors required to have these solutions scaled up,such as the need to have good policy frameworks,invest in innovation,and the need to have the people on board.Lastly,it also gives the future perspective of having a carbon-neutral global economy,and it highlights that technology must be enhanced,more cooperation between countries must be established,and a holistic,open-ended way of attaining carbon neutrality.
基金supported by a Borden Scholars awardDuke Claude D.Pepper Older Americans Independence Center Pilot Award(P30AG028716)by the NIH/NIA(R01AG081393)。
文摘Advanced age impairs bone fracture healing;the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown.We determined that apolipoprotein E(ApoE)increases with age and causes poor fracture healing.After deletion of hepatic ApoE expression(ΔApoE),24-month-oldΔApoE mice displayed a 95%reduction in circulating ApoE levels and significantly improved fracture healing.ApoE treatment of aged BMSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiation in tissue culture models;RNA-seq,Western blot,immunofluorescence,and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is the target of this inhibition.Indeed,we showed that ApoE had no effect on cultures with stabilizedβ-catenin levels.Next,we determined that Lrp4 serves as the osteoblast cell surface receptor to ApoE,as expression of Lrp4 is required in ApoE-based inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteoblast differentiation.Importantly,we validated this ApoE-Lrp4-Wnt/β-catenin molecular mechanism in human osteoblast differentiation.Finally,we identified an ApoE-neutralizing antibody(NAb)and used it to treat aged,wildtype mice 3 days after fracture surgery resulting in fracture calluses with 35%more bone deposition.Our work here identifies novel liver-to-bone cross-talk and a noninvasive,translatable therapeutic intervention for aged bone regeneration.
基金This research was supported by National Science Founda-tion of China (No. 30000123) and Conversation Department of Wildlife Ani-mal & Plants of State Forestry Bureau.
文摘In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda抯 sera was established by using two-fold dilutions of serum and 100 TCID50 of the virus. The 62 sera samples of giant pandas, which were gathered from zoos and reserve region of Sichuan Province, China were detected. The neutralization antibody titer of 1:4 was recognized as the positive criterion, 8 sera samples were detected to be positive, and the positive rate was 12.9%. The titers of neutralizing antibody ranged from 1:8 to 1:32. It was the first comprehensive investigation on neutralization antibodies against CCV in giant panda population in China. The results of study showed that the infection of CCV in giant panda population was universal, which has posed a threat to the health of giant panda. Therefore, it is incumbent on us to study safe and effective vaccines to protect giant panda against CCV infection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21707167)。
文摘Selective recovery of scandium and titanium from red mud leaching solution was achieved through neutralization precipitation followed by acid leaching approach.In the neutralization precipitation section,the effects of pH,temperature and reaction time on metal precipitation efficiency were investigated.Under the optimal co ndition,the precipitation efficiencies of scandium and titanium were 93.74%and 99.47%,respectively.In the acid leaching section,the effects of acidity,temperature,reaction time,and raffinate to acid solution ratio on leaching efficiency were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the leaching efficiencies of scandium and titanium were 99.97%and 5.44%,respectively.The loss of scandium and titanium were 6.3%and 5.9%,respectively.Compared with the traditional extraction procedure of scandium in red mud,this method could separate titanium from scandium effectively,which is beneficial for the purification of the products and improvement of value of the metal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91545114,91545203,and 21576227)the 985 Program of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering disciplines of Xiamen University~~
文摘Acetol is a major light oxygenate and readily produced from staged or fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose biomass. Herein we report that acetol can be selectively converted to methyl pyruvate, an important fine chemical, through oxidative esterification over Au-based catalysts. Detailed experimental studies showed that Au on amphoteric supports with appropriate strength and balanced ratio of acid and base sites can facilitate the desired oxidative-esterification pathway without accelerating undesired aldol-condensation or Cannizzaro reactions. In particular, hydroxyapatite (with a Ca/P ratio of 1.62) supported Au achieved 87% selectivity to methyl pyruvate at an acetol conversion of 62%.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. XDB23030300, XDA1502070901, XDA1502070503)。
文摘To achieve the neutralization control requirements of the radio-frequency(RF)ion microthruster(μRIT)in the‘Taiji-1’satellite mission,we proposed an active neutralization control solution that is based on the carbon nanotube field emission technology.The carbon nanotube field emission neutralizer(CNTN)has the characteristics of light weight,small size,and propellantless,which is especially suitable for the neutralization control tasks of ion microthrusters.The Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with Tsinghua University,has successfully developed a CNTN to meet mission requirements.On the ground,the feasibility of cooperation working betweenμRIT and CNTN was fully verified,as well as the simulation and experimental study of neutralization control strategy,which finally passed the engineering assessment test.Since the launch of‘Taiji-1’satellite on 31 August,2019,the RF ion micropropulsion system has successfully completed nearly one hundred test missions in space.The test results indicate that CNTN does not have performance degradation,and the neutralization control strategy is effective.
文摘On October 13,2020,on the fairway connecting the Polish Baltic ports ofSwinoujscie and Szczecin,an underwater hazardous object of historical origin in the form of the British deep penetration bomb Tallboy dropped during the bombing of the German cruiser"Lützow"in April 1945 was neutralized successfully.It is believed to be the first underwater action concerning this type of bomb,which has previously been neutralized on land in Europe(Germany,one confirmed case).The preparation of the operation,on an unprecedented scale at national,European and global level,took one year and included a series of projects related to clearing the space around the bomb from other identified UXO objects,international consultations,historical analyses,determination of the risk to residents and critical infrastructure in the event of an explosion of the bomb containing approximately 2400 kg of the TORPEX explosive(with an increased force equivalent to almost 3600 kg of TNT).The object was neutralized on spot at the depth of 12 m,near a ferry crossing,by specialists from the 41st Navy EOD Team from the 12th MCM Squadron(8th Coastal Defence Flotilla),using the Low Order Deflagration technique(underwater deflagration method).In the case discussed,there was an accumulation of unfavourable conditions which practically excluded the use of blow-in-situ explosive methods(BIP),as well as the extraction of the object and its transport to a military ground.After a partial deflagration of the explosive,the explosive was detonated(DDT).Estimates indicate that the deflagration level reached between 55 and 60%,which significantly reduced the strength and effects of the underwater explosion.
文摘This paper analyzed the current situation and development trends of energy consumption and carbon emissions,and the current situation and development trend of coal consumption in China.In the context of recently established carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets,this paper put forward the main problems associated with the green and low-carbon development and utilization of coal.Five key technological innovation directions in mining were proposed,including green coal development,intelligent and efficient mining,low-carbon utilization and conversion of coal,energy conservation and emission reduction,carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).Focusing on the above technological innovation directions,it is suggested to carry out three basic theories,including the theory of green efficient intelligent mining,clean and low-carbon utilization and transformation of coal,and CCUS.Meanwhile,it is proposed to develop 12 key technologies,including green coal mining and ecological environment protection,efficient coal mining and intelligent mine construction,key technologies and equipment for efficient coal processing,underground coal gasification and mining,ultra-high parameter and ultra-supercritical power generation technology,intelligent and flexible coal-fired power generation technology,new power cycle coal-fired power generation technology,the development of coal-based special fuels,coal-based bulk and specialty chemicals,energy conservation and consumption reduction,large-scale and low-cost carbon capture,CO_(2) utilization and storage.Finally,necessary measures from the governmental perspective were also proposed.
基金supported by grants from National Science and Technology Major Project(2012ZX10004701)
文摘The CD4 binding site(CD4bs) of envelope glycoprotein(Env) is an important conserved target for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies IgG1 b12(b12) could recognize conformational epitopes that overlap the CD4 bs of Env. Different virus strains, even derived from the same individual, showed distinct neutralization susceptibility to b12. We examined the key amino acid residues affecting b12 neutralization susceptibility using single genome amplification and pseudovirus neutralization assay. Eleven amino acid residues were identified that affect the sensitivity of Env to b12. Through site-directed mutagenesis, an amino acid substitution at position 182 in the V2 region of Env was confirmed to play a key role in regulating the b12 neutralization susceptibility. The introduction of V182 L to a resistant strain enhanced its sensitivity to b12 more than twofold. Correspondingly, the introduction of L182 V to a sensitive strain reduced its sensitivity to b12 more than tenfold. Amino acid substitution at positions 267 and 346 could both enhance the sensitivity to b12 more than twofold. However, no additive effect was observed when the three site mutageneses were introduced into the same strain, and the sensitivity was equivalent to the single V182 L mutation. CRF07_BC is a major circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 prevalent in China. Our data may provide important information for understanding the molecular mechanism regulating the neutralization susceptibility of CRF07_BC viruses to b12 and may be helpful for a vaccine design targeting the CD4 bs epitopes.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract No 2006CB101806the National"863"Project of China under con-tract No 2006AA100312
文摘The neutralizing activities of eight monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） against white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） （2D2, 2B2,1D2, 1D5, 1C2, 4A1, 6A4 and 6B4） were analyzed by in vivo experiments. Gills from WSSV-infected shrimp were homogenized and ten-fold serially diluted by PBS, and then incubated with MAbs （hybridoma culture supernatant）, respectively. The mixture of WSSV and MAbs were injected into crayfish （Procambarus clarkii）. After challenge, the death rates of crayfish were counted to determine the neutralizing activities of MAbs. At the same time, the mixture of myeloma culture supernatant and WSSV or PBS was served as positive or negative control, respectively. The results showed that, at each virus dilution, the mean time to death of the crayfish injected with MAb-treated virus was significantly longer than that in the positive control, though they all showed 100% mortality within 25 d, and meanwhile, few crayfish died in the negative control. Among the eight MAbs, 2D2, 2B2, 1D2 and 1D5, especially the former two, delayed the mortality significantly, and 1 C2, 4A1 and 6A4 delayed the mortality as well but not so efficiently, while MAb 6IM was efficient only when the virus concentration increased. The results indicated that the anti-WSSV MAbs can neutralize WSSV in different virus dilutions.
文摘This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_2CO_3 particles, were investigated using a laboratory-scale mixer, and properties of the agglomeration product were analyzed, including particle size distribution, Hunter color, and flowability. Torque curves evolving during the process were correlated with the system flowability. Three distinguishable regimes were indicated, dry, wet, and transitional, and the agitation speed was found to have a different influence on the agglomeration process for the three regimes. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on reactive agglomeration significantly differed from that in agglomeration processes in which the binder was non-reactive.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1803604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877511+1 种基金21707135)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University。
文摘Bauxite residues,a large volume solid waste,are in urgent need of effective disposal and management.Especially,strategies to alleviate the high alkalinity of bauxite residue remain a big challenge.Here,we developed a synergistic pyrolysis to neutralize the alkalinity of bauxite residue and upgrade the structure of biomass simultaneously.By cooperating the catalytic feature from bauxite residue,rice straw,a cellulose-enriched biomass,could prefer to produce acidic components under a hypothermal pyrolysis temperature(below 250℃)and partial oxygen-contained atmosphere as evidenced by the synchronous TGA-FTIR analysis.In return,these in-situ produced acidic components neutralized the bauxite residue profoundly(pH decreased from 11.5 to 7.2)to obtain a neutral product with long-term water leaching stability.Also,a higher pyrolysis temperature led to neutral biochar-based products with well-defined carbonization characteristics.Thus,the biomass-driven pyrolysis strategy provides a potential to dispose the alkalinity issue of bauxite residue and further opportunities for the sustainable reuse and continuing management of bauxite residue.
