Objective: Allergic asthma(AA) is a chronic airway infiammatory disease characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness(AHR). Pudilan anti-infiammatory oral liquid(PDL), along with its main medicinal material, Taraxaci H...Objective: Allergic asthma(AA) is a chronic airway infiammatory disease characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness(AHR). Pudilan anti-infiammatory oral liquid(PDL), along with its main medicinal material, Taraxaci Herba(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, TH),has been widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections. Research has shown that the major ingredient of TH, the organic acid component(OAC), possesses favorable AA activity. However, the attenuated effects of PDL and OAC from TH(TH-OAC) on AA and their possible mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study analyzed the attenuating effects of PDL and TH-OAC on AA and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Young BALB/c mice were sensitized and stimulated to develop asthma using ovalbumin. Histological examinations were performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and protein expression detection of toll-like receptor 2(TLR2), TLR4, and orosomucoid 1-like protein 3(ORMDL3) were performed to detect the presence of infiammatory components in the lung tissue. The messenger RNA(mRNA) expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Results showed that PDL and TH-OAC alleviated augmented AHR and typical asthmatic pathological changes, including infiammatory infiltration and thickening of the alveolar wall. They also significantly reduced the levels of the immunoglobulin E, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Nitric oxide(NO) in lung tissues of mice. Protein and mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and ORMDL3 were downregulated following treatment with PDL and TH-OAC. Conclusions: PDL and TH-OAC can reduce asthma-induced infiammatory damage to the bronchi. These results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of asthma in clinical settings.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid A and C component molecules,which are involved in drug compatibility,on inflammatory cytokine expression that affects human chemokine ligand 5(CCL5) and chemokin...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid A and C component molecules,which are involved in drug compatibility,on inflammatory cytokine expression that affects human chemokine ligand 5(CCL5) and chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)levels in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).METHODS:Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal,model,salvianolic acid A,salvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid A and C groups.The normal group was used as the control,and the other groups of rats had a UUO model established.The control group had free access to food and water,and the other groups received the corresponding drugs for 2 weeks.After the last administration,urine β_2-microglobulin(β_2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) levels were analyzed.After 24 h,all rats were sacrificed and the serum was analyzed for creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels.Rat kidneys were removed,and CCL5 and CXCL10 inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Kidney fibrosis was observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS:In the salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid C treatment groups,serum Cr and urine NAG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(both P < 0.05).In all treatment groups,urine pYMG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(all P < 0.05).Compared with model group,the pathological changes and collagen deposition improved to varying degrees(both P <0.05).CCL5 and CXCL10 mRNA expression decreased to different degrees compared with the model group(both P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Salvianolic acid A and C are component molecules of drug compatibility,and they may protect renal function and improve tubular function and renal pathology to a certain degree in UUO.This improvement may be related to a reduction in inflammatory cytokines CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion in the UUO rat kidney.展开更多
Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality,but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood.Potassium(K)has a strong influence ...Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality,but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood.Potassium(K)has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers.To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice,we used Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,japonica)and IR72(indica)rice as experimental materials and four K levels:K0(0 kg ha^(-1)),K1(90 kg ha^(-1)),K2(135 kg ha^(-1))and K3(180 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the lipid content,free fatty acid(FFA)content,unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content,malonyl-CoA(MCA)content,phosphatidic acid(PA)content,lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars.The maximum values were obtained under K2.However,the saturated fatty acid(SFA)content showed the opposite trend.No significant differences were found in pyruvate(PYR)content among the K treatments.The protein and oxaloacetic acid(OAA)contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase)activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K,and the minimum values were obtained under K2;while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1.Overall,increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis.The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis,eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^(-1)for both cultivars.展开更多
A noval molecular structural expression method,three-dimensional vector of atomic interac-tion field(3D-VAIF),has been newly developed based on electrostatic and steric interaction between different types of atoms.Fea...A noval molecular structural expression method,three-dimensional vector of atomic interac-tion field(3D-VAIF),has been newly developed based on electrostatic and steric interaction between different types of atoms.Feature descriptors of single amino acid,i.e.principal component scores of struc-tural information for amino acids(SSIA),are obtained through calculation of structural information of 20 coded amino acids using principal component analy-sis(PCA)method,and the strict tests are performed on the property of SSIA by three quantitative struc-ture-activity relationships(QSARs)/quantitative se-quence-activity models(QSAMs)models of 58 ngio-tensin-converting enzymes(ACE),48 bitter tasting thresholds(BTT)and 31 bradykinin potentiating pentapeptides(BPP).Cumulative multiple correlation coefficients(Rc2um)are 0.789,0.856 and 0.838;and corresponding cross-validated correlation coefficients(QL2OO)are 0.773,0.837 and 0.815,respectively.Good results indicate that SSIA are better than tradi-tional descriptors of amino acid in quantitative se-quence-activity relationships of peptide analogues.展开更多
Embolization that deliberately blocks target blood vessels through the delivery of embolic agents has emerged as a preferred therapy for various vascular-related diseases.Although various embolic materials are availab...Embolization that deliberately blocks target blood vessels through the delivery of embolic agents has emerged as a preferred therapy for various vascular-related diseases.Although various embolic materials are available in clinical practice,including solid and liquid embolic agents,their effectiveness remains limited in target vessels with broad size ranges and complex architectures.These limitations pose challenges in achieving controlled and durable embolization at target sites.To address these issues,we develop an advanced physically/chemically dual-crosslinked hydrogel(DC-gel)composed of thermosensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D-amino acid)copolymers and triethoxysilane-capped 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)macromolecule crosslinkers,which exhibits superior injectability and high mechanical strength.The physically-crosslinked network is formed by a sol-gel transition mediated by thermosensitive copolymers,which ensures catheter injectability while being robust enough to retain DC-gel at the injected region.Subsequently,the controlled in-situ chemical-crosslinking mediated by macromolecule crosslinkers provides additional mechanical strength for durable vascular embolization.Furthermore,an oily contrast agent with an ultrahigh iodine amount(>60 wt%)is developed and incorporated into DC-gel to endow it with long-lasting imaging capabilities for real-time and post-operative visualization.In vivo experiments conducted on rabbit artery,vein and tumor models confirm that our DC-gel system achieves persistent embolization without recanalization or non-target embolization,which stems from its superior mechanical stability and long-term persistence obtained by the dual crosslinking strategy plus a moderate fibroinflammatory response induced by the poly(D-amino acid)component.Overall,DC-gel represents a highly promising embolic material that addresses current limitations in embolization therapy,offering enhanced controllability,durability,and imaging capabilities for clinical applications.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R and D Program of China (2018YFC1706900, 2018YFC1706902)“Double First-Class” University project of China Pharmaceutical University (CPU2018GF07, CPU2018PZQ19)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (YB201819)the Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University (No. SKLNMZZ202025)
文摘Objective: Allergic asthma(AA) is a chronic airway infiammatory disease characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness(AHR). Pudilan anti-infiammatory oral liquid(PDL), along with its main medicinal material, Taraxaci Herba(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, TH),has been widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections. Research has shown that the major ingredient of TH, the organic acid component(OAC), possesses favorable AA activity. However, the attenuated effects of PDL and OAC from TH(TH-OAC) on AA and their possible mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study analyzed the attenuating effects of PDL and TH-OAC on AA and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Young BALB/c mice were sensitized and stimulated to develop asthma using ovalbumin. Histological examinations were performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and protein expression detection of toll-like receptor 2(TLR2), TLR4, and orosomucoid 1-like protein 3(ORMDL3) were performed to detect the presence of infiammatory components in the lung tissue. The messenger RNA(mRNA) expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Results showed that PDL and TH-OAC alleviated augmented AHR and typical asthmatic pathological changes, including infiammatory infiltration and thickening of the alveolar wall. They also significantly reduced the levels of the immunoglobulin E, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Nitric oxide(NO) in lung tissues of mice. Protein and mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and ORMDL3 were downregulated following treatment with PDL and TH-OAC. Conclusions: PDL and TH-OAC can reduce asthma-induced infiammatory damage to the bronchi. These results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of asthma in clinical settings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Intervention Effect of Compatibility of Salvianolic Acid A,B,C on PDGF-C/PDGFR-A Signaling Pathway in Renal Fibrosis,No.81260603)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid A and C component molecules,which are involved in drug compatibility,on inflammatory cytokine expression that affects human chemokine ligand 5(CCL5) and chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)levels in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).METHODS:Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal,model,salvianolic acid A,salvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid A and C groups.The normal group was used as the control,and the other groups of rats had a UUO model established.The control group had free access to food and water,and the other groups received the corresponding drugs for 2 weeks.After the last administration,urine β_2-microglobulin(β_2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) levels were analyzed.After 24 h,all rats were sacrificed and the serum was analyzed for creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels.Rat kidneys were removed,and CCL5 and CXCL10 inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Kidney fibrosis was observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS:In the salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid C treatment groups,serum Cr and urine NAG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(both P < 0.05).In all treatment groups,urine pYMG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(all P < 0.05).Compared with model group,the pathological changes and collagen deposition improved to varying degrees(both P <0.05).CCL5 and CXCL10 mRNA expression decreased to different degrees compared with the model group(both P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Salvianolic acid A and C are component molecules of drug compatibility,and they may protect renal function and improve tubular function and renal pathology to a certain degree in UUO.This improvement may be related to a reduction in inflammatory cytokines CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion in the UUO rat kidney.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2020YFH0146 and 2022YFH0029).
文摘Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality,but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood.Potassium(K)has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers.To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice,we used Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,japonica)and IR72(indica)rice as experimental materials and four K levels:K0(0 kg ha^(-1)),K1(90 kg ha^(-1)),K2(135 kg ha^(-1))and K3(180 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the lipid content,free fatty acid(FFA)content,unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content,malonyl-CoA(MCA)content,phosphatidic acid(PA)content,lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars.The maximum values were obtained under K2.However,the saturated fatty acid(SFA)content showed the opposite trend.No significant differences were found in pyruvate(PYR)content among the K treatments.The protein and oxaloacetic acid(OAA)contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase)activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K,and the minimum values were obtained under K2;while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1.Overall,increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis.The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis,eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^(-1)for both cultivars.
基金This work was supported by Fok-Yingtung Educational Foundation(Grant No.98-7-6)Na-tional Chunhui Project Foundation(Grant No.99-4-4+37)+1 种基金Chongqing Applied Fundamental Science Fund(Grant No.01-3-6)Chongqing University Innovation Foundation of Science and Technology(Grant No.03-5-6+04-9-1).
文摘A noval molecular structural expression method,three-dimensional vector of atomic interac-tion field(3D-VAIF),has been newly developed based on electrostatic and steric interaction between different types of atoms.Feature descriptors of single amino acid,i.e.principal component scores of struc-tural information for amino acids(SSIA),are obtained through calculation of structural information of 20 coded amino acids using principal component analy-sis(PCA)method,and the strict tests are performed on the property of SSIA by three quantitative struc-ture-activity relationships(QSARs)/quantitative se-quence-activity models(QSAMs)models of 58 ngio-tensin-converting enzymes(ACE),48 bitter tasting thresholds(BTT)and 31 bradykinin potentiating pentapeptides(BPP).Cumulative multiple correlation coefficients(Rc2um)are 0.789,0.856 and 0.838;and corresponding cross-validated correlation coefficients(QL2OO)are 0.773,0.837 and 0.815,respectively.Good results indicate that SSIA are better than tradi-tional descriptors of amino acid in quantitative se-quence-activity relationships of peptide analogues.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.23ZR1406800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22475052)Special Project for Emerging Interdisciplinary Research in the Health Industry of the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(grant no.2022JC030).
文摘Embolization that deliberately blocks target blood vessels through the delivery of embolic agents has emerged as a preferred therapy for various vascular-related diseases.Although various embolic materials are available in clinical practice,including solid and liquid embolic agents,their effectiveness remains limited in target vessels with broad size ranges and complex architectures.These limitations pose challenges in achieving controlled and durable embolization at target sites.To address these issues,we develop an advanced physically/chemically dual-crosslinked hydrogel(DC-gel)composed of thermosensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D-amino acid)copolymers and triethoxysilane-capped 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)macromolecule crosslinkers,which exhibits superior injectability and high mechanical strength.The physically-crosslinked network is formed by a sol-gel transition mediated by thermosensitive copolymers,which ensures catheter injectability while being robust enough to retain DC-gel at the injected region.Subsequently,the controlled in-situ chemical-crosslinking mediated by macromolecule crosslinkers provides additional mechanical strength for durable vascular embolization.Furthermore,an oily contrast agent with an ultrahigh iodine amount(>60 wt%)is developed and incorporated into DC-gel to endow it with long-lasting imaging capabilities for real-time and post-operative visualization.In vivo experiments conducted on rabbit artery,vein and tumor models confirm that our DC-gel system achieves persistent embolization without recanalization or non-target embolization,which stems from its superior mechanical stability and long-term persistence obtained by the dual crosslinking strategy plus a moderate fibroinflammatory response induced by the poly(D-amino acid)component.Overall,DC-gel represents a highly promising embolic material that addresses current limitations in embolization therapy,offering enhanced controllability,durability,and imaging capabilities for clinical applications.
