In a greenhouse experiment,the effects of soil microorganisms and extracts of Achnatherum inebrians on the seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans were studied.The results showed that both the extracts f...In a greenhouse experiment,the effects of soil microorganisms and extracts of Achnatherum inebrians on the seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans were studied.The results showed that both the extracts from aboveground and belowground parts of A.inebrians significantly inhibited the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling height,root length,and fresh weight of E.nutans,but increased malondialdehyde content,catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of E.nutans seedlings(p<0.05).The allelopathy of aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A.inebrians was stronger than that of the pre-cipitates.Aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A.inebrians decreased seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,root length,and seedling fresh weight by 10.45%-74.63%,24.18%-32.50%,19.03%-73.36%,37.83%-88.41%,21.42%-53.14%,2.65%-40.21%,and 20.45%-61.36%,respectively,and malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity increased by 8.09%-62.24%,27.83%-86.47%,22.90%-93.17%,and 11.15%-75.91%,respectively.The above indexes were higher in live soil than in sterilized soil.Soil microorganisms increased the allelopathy of A.inebrians.The seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,and seedling fresh weight of E.nutans planted in live soil decreased by 8.22%-48.48%,10.00%-51.85%,8.19%-53.26%,16.43%-60.03%,12.91%-28.81%,and 9.09%-22.86%compared with sterilized soil,respectively.Malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity of E.nutans planted in live soil increased by 53.91%-81.06%,15.71%-57.34%,33.33%-86.31%,and 9.78%-52.51%compared with sterilized soil,respectively.The existence of soil microorganisms enhanced the allelopathy of the secondary metabolites of A.inebrians.A combination of microorganisms and aqueous extracts from the aboveground parts of A.inebrians had the strongest allelopathic effect on E.nutans.展开更多
[Objective] Study on the genetic diversities of A.splendens from different areas of xinjiang. [Method] The genetic diversities among seven populations and within two populations were analyzed by RAPD. [Result] Genetic...[Objective] Study on the genetic diversities of A.splendens from different areas of xinjiang. [Method] The genetic diversities among seven populations and within two populations were analyzed by RAPD. [Result] Genetic clustering results presented that the relationships among populations of A. splendens are directly related with geographic positions, and within population are related with habitats. [Conclusion] RAPD technique can be used to study genetic diversity of A. splendens.展开更多
An evaluation was performed on the influence of mowing height (2.5,5.0 or 7.5 cm) and mowing frequency (weekly or fortnightly) on levels of ergot alkaloids (ergine and ergonovine) formed in drunken horse grass,Achnath...An evaluation was performed on the influence of mowing height (2.5,5.0 or 7.5 cm) and mowing frequency (weekly or fortnightly) on levels of ergot alkaloids (ergine and ergonovine) formed in drunken horse grass,Achnatherum inebrians,grown under greenhouse conditions.Samples were taken monthly and alkaloids were extracted and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC.Alkaloid levels increased more or less linearly with plant age over the first four months following establishment.Levels were higher in samples cut fortnightly compared to those cut weekly,and were higher when plants were cut at a mowing height of 7.5 cm vs.2.5 cm.In most cases,the highest alkaloid levels observed were almost three times those of the lowest.If plant protection applications are developed for the endophytic fungus,Neotyphodium gansuense,it will be necessary to be aware of the potential role of plant husbandry practices (e.g.,defoliation frequency and intensity) for reducing or enhancing levels of plant alkaloids.Similar husbandry factors may affect alkaloid levels in other Neotyphodium-grass associations,which would be interesting for further study.展开更多
The Achnatherum splendens community is an important type of warm steppe vegetation which plays a very important role in environmental protection in the area along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.In order to understand its d...The Achnatherum splendens community is an important type of warm steppe vegetation which plays a very important role in environmental protection in the area along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.In order to understand its dynamic features,the characteristics of the A.splendens community,such as spatial distribution pattern,species richness and biomass,were examined near Haiyan County,Qinghai Province.Results showed that the A.splendens community consisted of two types of mosaic patches,the microaggregation dominated by A.splendens and the microaggregation dominated by Stipa sp.The number and size of the two patches showed an interesting distribution pattern.The A.splendens patch decreased with increasing distance away from the railway,while species diversity increased.The total coverage of A.splendens was significantly higher than that of Stipa sp.The number and size of patches may indicate the degradation of the A.splendens community,which could be accelerated by human activities.Based on the characteristics and status quo of the A.splendens community,we suggest that some measures be taken to control human activities and rodents to conserve the A.splendens community.展开更多
Aims the leaves of almost all terrestrial plant species are colonized by endophytic fungi.compared to agronomic grasses,which usually harbor few endophytes,native grasses generally possess greater endophyte species di...Aims the leaves of almost all terrestrial plant species are colonized by endophytic fungi.compared to agronomic grasses,which usually harbor few endophytes,native grasses generally possess greater endophyte species diversity.Existing studies examining endophyte effects on natural grasses under competition normally considered the infection status(infected or uninfected),and rarely considered endophyte species.Methods We examined the effects of endophyte infection and of endophyte species on the interspecific competitive ability of a subdominant species,Achnatherum sibiricum,at two nitrogen levels(high ni-trogen and low nitrogen).Achnatherum sibiricum plants infected by two different species of endophyte(Epichloësibirica and E.gansuensis)and uninfected plants were grown in monoculture and binary mixtures with a dominant species,Stipa grandis(six individuals per species for monocultures and three+three in-dividuals of each species in mixtures).Shoot and root biomass,tiller number and total phenolic concentration were measured after 3 months.Moreover,the aggressivity index was calculated to compare the competitive ability of A.sibiricum relative to S.grandis.Important Findings Both E.gansuensis(Eg)-and E.sibirica(Es)-infected A.sibiricum plants showed a greater competitive ability than the uninfected plants under high nitrogen supply,while the opposite result oc-curred under low nitrogen supply.At high nitrogen levels,Eg plants had a higher tiller number and a greater shoot biomass in-hibitory effect on S.grandis than Es plants had when growing in mixture,while Es plants showed better root growth performance than Eg and uninfected plants under mixture conditions at all ni-trogen levels.A higher concentration of phenolic compounds in Eg plants than in Es plants might contribute to the higher inhibi-tory effect of Eg plants on competing plants.Our study indicates that the interaction between endophyte infection and nitrogen availability can alter the competitive ability of the host plant A.sibiricum but that these two endophyte species work in different ways,which may influence the coexistence of A.sibiricum with the dominant species.展开更多
Objective:To establish a method for directional screening of the cytotoxic components from the medicinal herb of Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)biosensor and chromatographic is...Objective:To establish a method for directional screening of the cytotoxic components from the medicinal herb of Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)biosensor and chromatographic isolation technology.Methods:Under the guidance of bioactive assessment based on binding abilities between objects and the a-Mannosidase(a-Man)target,the active components from different solvents extracts,different polar extraction parts and fractions were screened orderly and directionally using SPR.Components with a high binding ability to a-Man can be precisely oriented in a narrower fractions range and are easy to isolate.Three human cancer cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of component with the highest affinity to a-Man.Results:Eight compounds were isolated and identificated from A.inebrians for the first time.Deoxyvasicinone possessed the highest affinity to a-Man among them.Moreover,deoxyvasicinone showed good effects on inhibited proliferation of human hepatoma cells HepG2(IC_(50)=5.7 μmol/L),human breast cancer cells MCF7(IC_(50)=7.21 μmol/L)and human lung cancer cells HCC827(IC_(50)=0.75 μmol/L),respectively.In particular,its inhibitory effect on HCC827 was stronger than the positive drug gefitinib(IC_(50)=1.65 μmol/L).Conclusion:A comprehensive strategy of directional screening potential cytotoxic components from herb based on biomolecular interaction and chromatography was established.Deoxyvasicinone as an effective anti-cancer component was initially isolated from A.inebrians.It is expected that this screening strategy could provide new perspectives for rapid screening and identification of active components from natural plants with the complex matrix.展开更多
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated ...Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated the effects of E.gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)and plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations.Our results showed that the presence of E.gansuensis increased G6PDH,PMH^(+)-ATPase,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•^(–),H_(2)O_(2)and Na^(+)contents in A.inebrians under NaCl stress,resulting in enhanced salt tolerance.In addition,the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ratios were all lower in A.inebrians with E.ganusensis plants than A.inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress.In conclusion,E.gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H^(+)-ATPase to decrease ROS content.This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Budgetary Project the Chinese Academy of Sciences Leads the Sub-Project of Class A Project(XDA26020202)the National“973”Program Project Topics(2014CB138702)+2 种基金the Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Universities(Lzujbky-2022-kb10)the 111 Wisdom Base(B12002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Chinese Academy of Forestry)(CAFYBB2021ZD001).
文摘In a greenhouse experiment,the effects of soil microorganisms and extracts of Achnatherum inebrians on the seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans were studied.The results showed that both the extracts from aboveground and belowground parts of A.inebrians significantly inhibited the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling height,root length,and fresh weight of E.nutans,but increased malondialdehyde content,catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of E.nutans seedlings(p<0.05).The allelopathy of aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A.inebrians was stronger than that of the pre-cipitates.Aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of A.inebrians decreased seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,root length,and seedling fresh weight by 10.45%-74.63%,24.18%-32.50%,19.03%-73.36%,37.83%-88.41%,21.42%-53.14%,2.65%-40.21%,and 20.45%-61.36%,respectively,and malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity increased by 8.09%-62.24%,27.83%-86.47%,22.90%-93.17%,and 11.15%-75.91%,respectively.The above indexes were higher in live soil than in sterilized soil.Soil microorganisms increased the allelopathy of A.inebrians.The seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,and seedling fresh weight of E.nutans planted in live soil decreased by 8.22%-48.48%,10.00%-51.85%,8.19%-53.26%,16.43%-60.03%,12.91%-28.81%,and 9.09%-22.86%compared with sterilized soil,respectively.Malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity of E.nutans planted in live soil increased by 53.91%-81.06%,15.71%-57.34%,33.33%-86.31%,and 9.78%-52.51%compared with sterilized soil,respectively.The existence of soil microorganisms enhanced the allelopathy of the secondary metabolites of A.inebrians.A combination of microorganisms and aqueous extracts from the aboveground parts of A.inebrians had the strongest allelopathic effect on E.nutans.
基金Supported by National Special Prophase Project on Basic Research(2004CCA02800)The Project of key Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group(200313)Science Fund for Young Scholars of Shihezi University(200257)~~
文摘[Objective] Study on the genetic diversities of A.splendens from different areas of xinjiang. [Method] The genetic diversities among seven populations and within two populations were analyzed by RAPD. [Result] Genetic clustering results presented that the relationships among populations of A. splendens are directly related with geographic positions, and within population are related with habitats. [Conclusion] RAPD technique can be used to study genetic diversity of A. splendens.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB108902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30771531)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-08-0256)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. LZUJBKY-2009-156)
文摘An evaluation was performed on the influence of mowing height (2.5,5.0 or 7.5 cm) and mowing frequency (weekly or fortnightly) on levels of ergot alkaloids (ergine and ergonovine) formed in drunken horse grass,Achnatherum inebrians,grown under greenhouse conditions.Samples were taken monthly and alkaloids were extracted and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC.Alkaloid levels increased more or less linearly with plant age over the first four months following establishment.Levels were higher in samples cut fortnightly compared to those cut weekly,and were higher when plants were cut at a mowing height of 7.5 cm vs.2.5 cm.In most cases,the highest alkaloid levels observed were almost three times those of the lowest.If plant protection applications are developed for the endophytic fungus,Neotyphodium gansuense,it will be necessary to be aware of the potential role of plant husbandry practices (e.g.,defoliation frequency and intensity) for reducing or enhancing levels of plant alkaloids.Similar husbandry factors may affect alkaloid levels in other Neotyphodium-grass associations,which would be interesting for further study.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90202012)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB422006).
文摘The Achnatherum splendens community is an important type of warm steppe vegetation which plays a very important role in environmental protection in the area along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.In order to understand its dynamic features,the characteristics of the A.splendens community,such as spatial distribution pattern,species richness and biomass,were examined near Haiyan County,Qinghai Province.Results showed that the A.splendens community consisted of two types of mosaic patches,the microaggregation dominated by A.splendens and the microaggregation dominated by Stipa sp.The number and size of the two patches showed an interesting distribution pattern.The A.splendens patch decreased with increasing distance away from the railway,while species diversity increased.The total coverage of A.splendens was significantly higher than that of Stipa sp.The number and size of patches may indicate the degradation of the A.splendens community,which could be accelerated by human activities.Based on the characteristics and status quo of the A.splendens community,we suggest that some measures be taken to control human activities and rodents to conserve the A.splendens community.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0500702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570433).
文摘Aims the leaves of almost all terrestrial plant species are colonized by endophytic fungi.compared to agronomic grasses,which usually harbor few endophytes,native grasses generally possess greater endophyte species diversity.Existing studies examining endophyte effects on natural grasses under competition normally considered the infection status(infected or uninfected),and rarely considered endophyte species.Methods We examined the effects of endophyte infection and of endophyte species on the interspecific competitive ability of a subdominant species,Achnatherum sibiricum,at two nitrogen levels(high ni-trogen and low nitrogen).Achnatherum sibiricum plants infected by two different species of endophyte(Epichloësibirica and E.gansuensis)and uninfected plants were grown in monoculture and binary mixtures with a dominant species,Stipa grandis(six individuals per species for monocultures and three+three in-dividuals of each species in mixtures).Shoot and root biomass,tiller number and total phenolic concentration were measured after 3 months.Moreover,the aggressivity index was calculated to compare the competitive ability of A.sibiricum relative to S.grandis.Important Findings Both E.gansuensis(Eg)-and E.sibirica(Es)-infected A.sibiricum plants showed a greater competitive ability than the uninfected plants under high nitrogen supply,while the opposite result oc-curred under low nitrogen supply.At high nitrogen levels,Eg plants had a higher tiller number and a greater shoot biomass in-hibitory effect on S.grandis than Es plants had when growing in mixture,while Es plants showed better root growth performance than Eg and uninfected plants under mixture conditions at all ni-trogen levels.A higher concentration of phenolic compounds in Eg plants than in Es plants might contribute to the higher inhibi-tory effect of Eg plants on competing plants.Our study indicates that the interaction between endophyte infection and nitrogen availability can alter the competitive ability of the host plant A.sibiricum but that these two endophyte species work in different ways,which may influence the coexistence of A.sibiricum with the dominant species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573834)the Cultivation Project of Ideological and Political Demonstration Course for Graduate Courses of Minzu University of China(No.GRSKCSZ005)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine,Ministry of Education(No.KLEM-ZZ201808).
文摘Objective:To establish a method for directional screening of the cytotoxic components from the medicinal herb of Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)biosensor and chromatographic isolation technology.Methods:Under the guidance of bioactive assessment based on binding abilities between objects and the a-Mannosidase(a-Man)target,the active components from different solvents extracts,different polar extraction parts and fractions were screened orderly and directionally using SPR.Components with a high binding ability to a-Man can be precisely oriented in a narrower fractions range and are easy to isolate.Three human cancer cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of component with the highest affinity to a-Man.Results:Eight compounds were isolated and identificated from A.inebrians for the first time.Deoxyvasicinone possessed the highest affinity to a-Man among them.Moreover,deoxyvasicinone showed good effects on inhibited proliferation of human hepatoma cells HepG2(IC_(50)=5.7 μmol/L),human breast cancer cells MCF7(IC_(50)=7.21 μmol/L)and human lung cancer cells HCC827(IC_(50)=0.75 μmol/L),respectively.In particular,its inhibitory effect on HCC827 was stronger than the positive drug gefitinib(IC_(50)=1.65 μmol/L).Conclusion:A comprehensive strategy of directional screening potential cytotoxic components from herb based on biomolecular interaction and chromatography was established.Deoxyvasicinone as an effective anti-cancer component was initially isolated from A.inebrians.It is expected that this screening strategy could provide new perspectives for rapid screening and identification of active components from natural plants with the complex matrix.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138702)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province(U1812401)+4 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_17R50)Lanzhou University“Double First-Class”guiding special project-team construction fund-scientific research start-up fee standard(561119206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901378)Guizhou Education Department Program(Qianjiaohe-KY-2018-130)Major Science and Technology Sub-project of Guizhou Science and Technology Program(Qiankehe-2019-3001-2).
文摘Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated the effects of E.gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)and plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations.Our results showed that the presence of E.gansuensis increased G6PDH,PMH^(+)-ATPase,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•^(–),H_(2)O_(2)and Na^(+)contents in A.inebrians under NaCl stress,resulting in enhanced salt tolerance.In addition,the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ratios were all lower in A.inebrians with E.ganusensis plants than A.inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress.In conclusion,E.gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H^(+)-ATPase to decrease ROS content.This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.
