An alkaline protease from Acetes chinensis was purified and characterized in this study. The steps of purification include ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow, gel fi...An alkaline protease from Acetes chinensis was purified and characterized in this study. The steps of purification include ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow, gel filtration chromatography with S300 and the second ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow. The protease was isolated and purified, which was present and active on protein substrates （azocasein and casein）. The specific protease activity was 17.15 folds and the recovery was 4.67. The molecular weight of the protease was estimated at 23.2kD by SDS-PAGE. With azocasein as the susbstrate, the optimal temperature was 55℃ and the optimal pH value was 5.5. Ion Ca^2＋ could enhance the proteolytic activity of the protease, while Cu^2＋, EDTA and PMSF could inhibit its activity.展开更多
The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food...The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food items, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae, plant matter, debris, sand, and mud. The objective of this study was to compare different feeds on growth and survival of A. vulgaris reared in fiberglass tanks containing 70 m<sup>3</sup> of seawater salinity 25 ppt over a period of 70 days. Individual shrimps were fed with four different types of feeds i.e., newly hatched Artemia (Ar), rotifer (Ro), newly hatched Artemia + rotifer (ArRo) and shrimp larvae commercial feed (SF). Results suggested that specific growth rates (both for body weight and body length) of shrimps reared with SF were not significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, ArRo and Ro (p ≥ 0.05). The survival rate of A. vulgaris did not vary significantly (p ≥ 0.05) among the Ar, Ro and ArRo treatments. However, the highest survival rate of shrimp (81.78% ± 3.08%) was observed in SF treatment and the percentage of survival rate was significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, Ro and ArRo (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reflected the ability of Acetes shrimps to consume diverse food types including both live feed and pelleted feed. Insights obtained from this research suggested that artificial feed can be as efficient as live feeds. This new knowledge is a needed addition to a currently lacking knowledge base for aquaculture of this Acetes species.展开更多
In order to address the evolving emission characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs),it is essential to develop adsorbent materials specifically designed for the efficient adsorption of OVOCs with...In order to address the evolving emission characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs),it is essential to develop adsorbent materials specifically designed for the efficient adsorption of OVOCs with large kinetic diameters.In this study,we used co-pyrolysis to prepare a series of graded porous carbon materials with well-developed micropores by adjusting the doping ratios of root nodules and pretreated cellulose.The material with root nodule to cellulose mass ratio of 1:1(TCC-RN-1)exhibited the highest saturated adsorption capacity for butyl acetate(834 mg/g).This can be attributed to enhanced pore size distribution from nodule doping,which facilitates the development of a micropore-graded structure.Additionally,the nodules acted as auxiliary activating agents that enhanced the KOH micropore regulation effect during the activation stage,resulting in the highest micropore volume(0.863 cm^(3)/g).The doping of root nodules facilitated the formation of additional defects on the surface of the porous carbon material,leading to a more disordered arrangement that improved pollutant adsorption.Furthermore,TCC-RN-1 demonstrated good thermal stability in an air atmosphere,main-taining a butyl acetate adsorption capacity exceeding 95%after five adsorption-desorption cycles.This indicates its favorable potential for industrial applications.展开更多
Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechani...Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechanism underlying the synergistic reaction remains a critical issue.This study introduces a photothermal synergistic system for the removal of ethyl acetate(EA)by synthesizing Cu-doped OMS-2(denoted as Cu-OMS-2).Under ultraviolet-visible(UV–Vis)irradiation in a flow system,the Cu-OMS-2 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the EA degradation process,nearly doubling the effectiveness of pure OMS-2,and increasing carbon dioxide yield by 20%.This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased oxygen vacancies(OV)at OMS-2 active sites and Cu doping,as confirmed by H2-TPR,O_(2)-TPD,and CO consump-tion measurements.This study clarifies the catalytic mechanism of light-assisted thermocatalysis and offers a novel strategy for designing photothermal catalysts with homogeneous Cu-doped nanorods for VOC removal.展开更多
Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse...Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and found that it effectively reduced dopamine neuron injury, neurotransmitter dopamine release, and motor symptoms. These neuroprotective effects of chitosan were related to bacterial metabolites, specifically shortchain fatty acids, and chitosan administration altered intestinal microbial diversity and decreased short-chain fatty acid production in the gut. Furthermore, chitosan effectively reduced damage to the intestinal barrier and the blood–brain barrier. Finally, we demonstrated that chitosan improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated inflammation in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system by reducing acetate levels. Based on these findings, we suggest a molecular mechanism by which chitosan decreases inflammation through reducing acetate levels and repairing the intestinal and blood–brain barriers, thereby alleviating symptoms of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
High-performance MXene-based polymer nanocomposites are well-suited for various industrial applications owing to their excellent mechanical,thermal,and other properties.However,the fabrication of flame-retardant polym...High-performance MXene-based polymer nanocomposites are well-suited for various industrial applications owing to their excellent mechanical,thermal,and other properties.However,the fabrication of flame-retardant polymer/MXene nanocom-posites remains challenging owing to the limited flame-retardant properties of MXene itself.This study prepared a novel MXene@Ag@PA hybrid material via radiation modification and complexation reaction.This material was used to further enhance the key properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA),such as its mechanical properties,thermal conductivity,flame retardancy,and electromagnetic shielding.The addition of two parts of this hybrid material increased the thermal conduc-tivity of EVA by 44.2%and reduced its peak exothermic rate during combustion by 30.1%compared with pure EVA.The material also significantly reduced smoke production and increased the residue content.In the X-band,the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the EVA composites reached 20 dB.Moreover,the MXene@Ag@PA hybrid material could be used to further enhance the mechanical properties of EVA composites under electron-beam irradiation.Thus,this study contributes to the development of MXene-based EVA advanced materials that are fire-safe,have high strength,and exhibit good electromagnetic shielding performance for various applications.展开更多
Developing favorable bio-based polymers that replace petroleum-based plastics is an essential environmental demand.Lignin is a by-product of the chemical pulping industry.It is a natural UV protection ingredient in br...Developing favorable bio-based polymers that replace petroleum-based plastics is an essential environmental demand.Lignin is a by-product of the chemical pulping industry.It is a natural UV protection ingredient in broad-spectrum(UVA and UVB)sunscreens.It could be partially and selectively acetylated in a simple,fast,and more reliable process.In this work,a composite film was prepared with UV-resistant properties through a casting method.Bio-based cellulose acetate(CA)was employed as a major matrix while nano-acetylated kraft lignin(AL-NPs)was used as filler during synthesizing UV-shielding films loaded with various amounts(1–5 wt.%)of AL-NPs.Kraft lignin was acetylated through a simple and fast microwave-assisted process using acetic acid as a solvent and acetylating agent.The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the prepared films were evaluated using different methods,including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),mechanical testing and contact angle measurement.The UV-Vis spectroscopy optical investigation of the prepared films revealed that AL-NPs in the CA matrix showed strong UV absorption.This feature demonstrated the effectiveness of our research in developing UV-resistant bio-based polymer films.Hence,the prepared films can be considered as successful candidates to be applied in packaging applications.展开更多
Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of meth...Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.展开更多
Background:Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS)is a frequently encountered disorder characterized by voiding symptoms and pelvic or perineal pain.Proinflammatory T helper 17(Th17)cells are essenti...Background:Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS)is a frequently encountered disorder characterized by voiding symptoms and pelvic or perineal pain.Proinflammatory T helper 17(Th17)cells are essential for triggering the development of CP/CPPS.High-salt diet(HSD)consumption has been found to cause an accumulation of sodium chloride in peripheral organs,inducing autoimmune responses via the Th17 cell axis.It is currently unknown whether HSD affects the etiology and course of CP/CPPS.Methods:Patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS were evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scoring system,and the correlation between the symptoms of CP/CPPS with HSD was analyzed.The experimental autoimmune prostatitis(EAP)mouse was established and the mice were fed either a normal-salt diet(NSD)or HSD for 6 weeks to investigate the impact of HSD on CP/CPPS.Then,16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were introduced to detect the differences in the gut microflora composition and metabolite profiles between NSD-fed and HSD-fed mice,followed by fecal microbiota transplantation,5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA)supplementation,aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)inhibition,and in vitro Th17 differentiation experiments,which were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying HSD-aggravated CP/CPPS.Finally,chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to validate whether AHR can serve as a transcription factor by interacting with the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1(Sgk1)promoter in CD4^(+)T cells.Results:Increased salt consumption had a positive correlation with symptom scores of CP/CPPS patients,which was validated by feeding EAP mice with HSD,and HSD worsened the prostate inflammation and tactile allodynia in EAP mice through promoting the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells.HSD exacerbated EAP by significantly reducing the relative abundance of beneficial gut microflora,such as Lactobacillaceae,and gut microbiota metabolite 5-HIAA,which is related to tryptophan metabolism.The prostate inflammation,tactile allodynia,and proportion of Th17 cells in mice that received fecal suspensions from the EAP^(+)HSD group were significantly more severe or higher than those in mice that received fecal suspensions from the EAP^(+)NSD group.However,5-HIAA supplementation ameliorated the symptoms of EAP caused by HSD through inhibiting the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells,while AHR inhibition abrogated the protective effects of 5-HIAA supplementation on EAP mice fed a HSD through promoting the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells.Mechanistically,it has been revealed that the SGK1/forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)pathway was significantly activated during cytokine-induced Th17 cell differentiation,and AHR has been shown to inhibit SGK1 transcription by interacting with the Sgk1 promoter in CD4^(+)T cells to inhibit FOXO1 phosphorylation,consequently restoring the equilibrium of Th17 cell differentiation.Conclusions:Our findings indicated that high salt intake represented a risk factor for the development of CP/CPPS as it promoted the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells through the 5-HIAA/AHR/SGK1/FOXO1 axis,which might be a potential therapeutic target for CP/CPPS.展开更多
A new gold self-relay catalytic annulation/nucleophilic substitution cascade of 1,3-enyne acetates with cyclic ether acetals is reported,enabling highly diastereoselective access to cyclic etherified cyclopentenones w...A new gold self-relay catalytic annulation/nucleophilic substitution cascade of 1,3-enyne acetates with cyclic ether acetals is reported,enabling highly diastereoselective access to cyclic etherified cyclopentenones with cyclic quaternary centers in moderate to good yields and>19∶1 dr.This catalysis enables the direct construction of two types of carboncyclic skeletons by adjusting the olefin types of 1,3-enyne acetates.When 1,3-enyne acetates bearing a cyclic alkene unit were used,5~6 fused bicarbocyclic products were diastereoselectively synthesized,whereas the reaction of acyclic 1,3-enyne acetates resulted in five-memebered carbocyclic framework.Notably,cyclic ether acetals are commonly used as protecting groups in traditional multistep organic syntheses,and in this reaction,such reagents serve as electrophilic cyclic ether precursors,achieving new uses for old reagents.The current method demonstrates good functional group compatibility,a broad substrate scope and high diastereoselectivity,providing a new synthetic strategy toward functionalized cyclopentenones.展开更多
The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),primarily produced by intestinal enterochromaffin(EC)cells,relies on tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)for synthesis.Research suggested Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025’s pote...The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),primarily produced by intestinal enterochromaffin(EC)cells,relies on tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)for synthesis.Research suggested Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025’s potential in regulating Tph1 gene expression,maintaining 5-HT levels in stressed mice,but its precise mechanisms were unclear.This study used metabolomic techniques to assess probiotic fermentation products,revealing acetate as the crucial element in Bb-CCFM1025’s regulation of gut 5-HT synthesis.Further exploration correlated acetate with Tph1 transcription in intestinal organoids.Transcriptomic methods and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validation demonstrated how acetate facilitated 5-HT synthesis and secretion.It unveiled that acetate orchestrates signaling pathways(phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT),phospholipase C-phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(PLC-pERK),and PLC-1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3)-Ca^(2+))within EC,enabling 5-HT production.These findings elucidate the biochemical mechanisms behind specific probiotics’effects,aiding in the targeted selection of similar beneficial strains.This study offers theoretical support for choosing probiotics with analogous functionalities based on their physiological impacts.展开更多
Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to t...Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.展开更多
Biodegradable plastics are types of plastics that can decompose into water and carbon dioxide the actions of living organisms,mostly by bacteria.Generally,biodegradable plastics are obtained from renewable raw materia...Biodegradable plastics are types of plastics that can decompose into water and carbon dioxide the actions of living organisms,mostly by bacteria.Generally,biodegradable plastics are obtained from renewable raw materials,microorganisms,petrochemicals,or a combination of all three.This study aims to develop an innovative bioplastic by combining chitosan and lignin.Bioplastic was prepared by casting method and characterized by measuring the mechanical properties like tensile strength,Young’smodulus,and elongation at break.The chemical structure,together with the interactions among chitosan and lignin and the presence of new chemical bonds,were evaluated by FTIR,while the thermal properties were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis.The water vapor permeability,tests and transparency as well as biodegradability,were also carried out.The results show a tensile strength value of 34.82 MPa,Young’s modulus of 18.54 MPa,and elongation at a break of 2.74%.Moreover,the interaction between chitosan and lignin affects the intensity of the absorption peak,leading to reduced transparency and increased thermal stability.The chitosan/lignin interactions also influence the crystalline size,making it easier to degrade andmore flexible rather than rigid.The contact angle shows the bioplastic’s ability to resist water absorption for 4minutes.In the biodegradation test,the sample began to degrade after 30 days of soil burial test observation.展开更多
Chalcopyrite is often intergrown with talc,which,after grinding,forms ultrafine particles(<10μm)that readily coat chalcopyrite surfaces,hindering flotation and causing significant losses in tailings.This study eva...Chalcopyrite is often intergrown with talc,which,after grinding,forms ultrafine particles(<10μm)that readily coat chalcopyrite surfaces,hindering flotation and causing significant losses in tailings.This study evaluates polyvinyl acetate(PVAc),a thermoplastic polymer,as a selective flocculant to enhance reverse flot ation separation of chalcopyrite from ultrafine talc.Flotation tests showed that at a PVAc dosage of 40 mg/L,talc can be effectively and selectively removed,enabling efficient separation.Laser particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS)confirmed that PVAc promotes selective talc aggregation without affecting chalcopyrite.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that hydrogen bonding between PVAc ester groups and surface hydroxyls on talc drives the flocculation,while chalcopyrite lacks suitable binding sites.PVAc adsorption also enhances talc hydrophobicity.Furthermore,particle-bubble coverage angle measurements and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)theory theoretical calculations demonstrated that PVAc-induced flocculation increases attractive interactions between talc and bubbles,shifting the total interaction energy from repulsive to attractive and promoting bubble-particle attachment.This study clarifies the selective adsorption and flocculation mechanisms of PVAc and reveals the coupling of flocculation and flotation of ultrafine talc from a particle-bubble capture perspective,while expanding the potential of ester-based polymers for ultrafine mineral recovery.展开更多
Membrane-based vapor permeation(VP) is regarded as a highly efficient technology,featuring low energy consumption and free salt fouling.In this study,we have demonstrated upscaling chabazite(CHA) zeolite membranes on ...Membrane-based vapor permeation(VP) is regarded as a highly efficient technology,featuring low energy consumption and free salt fouling.In this study,we have demonstrated upscaling chabazite(CHA) zeolite membranes on the 19-channel α-Al_(2)O_(3) monolithic supports synthesized from high-silica gel(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio of 200) for the dehydration of acetic acid by VP.The monolithic membrane presents higher surface-to-volume ratio and a-tenfold greater mechanical strength compared to tubular ones.The micromorphology and crystallinity of the monolithic CHA zeolite membranes were characterized by scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction analysis.The single-gas permeation test and the effects of temperature,feed water content and feed flow rate on the VP separation performance of monolithic CHA zeolite membrane for dehydration of acetic acid were investigated.Moreover,the stability test of monolithic CHA zeolite membranes was carried out.The 19-channel monolithic membrane achieved a comparable separation performance(water flux of 0.63 kg m^(-2)·h^(-1) and selectivity of 369 at 393 K) with the reported small-area zeolite membranes in water/acetic acid mixtures.It is demonstrated that the monolithic CHA zeolite membranes could be transformative candidates for industrial dehydration of acetic acid under harsh environments.展开更多
The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephad...The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate and analyze the compounds from ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.The structures of these constituents were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometries.Twenty-eight compounds,including flavonoids and their glycoside,carbohydrate,coumarin and organic acid,were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus,and they were identified as kaempferol(1),coumestrol(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),methyl caffeoylquinic acid(4),coptichic aldehyde(5),schizandriside(6),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(7),3-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(8),quercetin(9),luteolin(10),protocatechuic acid(11),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-furan arabinose(12),trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(13),α-D-glucopyranosido-β-D-fructofuranoside,sucrose(14),peucedanol(15),chlorogenic acid(16),pyridoxine(17),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(18),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(19),isoquercitrin(20),mururin A(21),citroside A(22),benzyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),(+)-(6S,9R)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-3-O-α-ionol(24),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),(4R)-4-(3-Oxo-1-buten-1-ylidene)-3α,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1α,3β-diol(26),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(27)and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(28).Compounds 2,5,6,15,21,22,23,24,26 and 28 were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tract toxicity represents a serious adverse effect of chemotherapy,leading to reduced quality of life and survival.For instance,irinotecan(CPT-11)usually causes severe gastrointestinal toxicity,with a...Gastrointestinal tract toxicity represents a serious adverse effect of chemotherapy,leading to reduced quality of life and survival.For instance,irinotecan(CPT-11)usually causes severe gastrointestinal toxicity,with a lack of effective therapeutic interventions,making treatment often unsustainable.Therefore,development of an effective and safe therapy is crucial for improving chemotherapy efficacy and the patients’quality of life.In this work,we developed a novel approach involving the helical-shaped cyanobacterium microalgae,Spirulina platensis(SP),to carry the bornyl acetate(BA)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to enhance drug retention in the small intestine.We demonstrated the protection effect of BA against chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury using an epithelial cell model.In a mouse model,orally administered BA-ChNPs@SP accumulated in the small intestine and attenuated inflammation by reducing dsDNA release and oxidative stress.This was concomitant with the restoration of the intestinal barrier and modulation of the immune microenvironment.This work suggests the promise of the microalgae-carrying nanomedicine strategy for treatment of intestinal diseases,emphasizing its potential in addressing chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal complications.展开更多
Carbon-based low-dimensional materials(CLDM)with elemental carbon as the main component have unique physical and chemical properties,and become the focus of research in many fields including energy,environmental prote...Carbon-based low-dimensional materials(CLDM)with elemental carbon as the main component have unique physical and chemical properties,and become the focus of research in many fields including energy,environmental protection,and information technology.Notably,cellulose acetate,the main component of cigarette butts(CBs),is a one-dimensional precursor with a large specific surface area and aspect ratio.Still,their usefulness as building fillers has often been underestimated before.This review summarizes recent advances in CBs recycling and provides suggested guidelines for its use as a CLDM material in renewable energy.Specifically,we first describe the harmful effects of CBs as pollutants in our lives to emphasize the importance of proper recycling.We then summarize previous methods of recycling CBs waste,including clay bricks,asphalt concrete pavement,gypsum,acoustic materials,chemisorption,vector control,and corrosion control.The potential applications of CBs include triboelectric nanogenerator applications,flexible batteries,enhanced metal-organic framework material energy storage devices,and carbon-based hydrogen storage.Finally,the advantages of utilizing CBs-derived CLDM materials over conventional solutions in the energy field are discussed.This review will provide new avenues for solving the intractable problem of CBs and reducing the manufacturing costs of renewable materials.展开更多
Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and ...Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and hazardous.In this paper,a mild organic acid,acetic acid(CH_(3)COOH),was selected to synthesize Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene.30 mL acetic acid(HAc)with the concentration of 13 mol/L was mixed with 2 g acetate(CH_(3)COONa or CH_(3)COOK)and 10 mL water to make etching solution(NaAc+HAc or KAc+HAc).In the solution,the concentration of CH_(3)COO^(-)was 10 mol/L,the concentration of Na^(+)/K^(+)is 0.6/0.5 mol/L.The pH value is 2.8.Mo_(2)CT_(x)was obtained by hydrothermal etching at 240℃for 1 d.Compared with the general method of HF etching,the etchant is milder and the etching process is safer.On the surface of Mo_(2)CT_(x)nanosheet made by this method,acetate group(CH_(3)COO^(-))was adsorbed as termination,which is larger than the F/O/OH termination of that made by general HF etching.The lattice parameter c(LP c)of Mo_(2)CT_(x)etched with NaAc+HAc/KAc+HAc is 21.09Å/20.89Å.Moreover,the specific surface areas of the samples etched by NaAc+HAc and KAc+HAc were 18.1 m^(2)/g and 14.1 m^(2)/g,respectively,which were much larger than those etched by conventional methods.As the anode of lithium-ion battery,the specific capacity under current density of 100 mA/g at 100 th cycle was 108 mA·h/g,which is higher than the capacity of samples made by general HF etching.This work reports a novel method to make Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene by the solution of mild acetic acid.The samples made by this method had very high specific surface area and relatively high lithium-storage performance.展开更多
Abiraterone acetate(ABTA)was approved by the USFDA in 2011 for treating metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer(mCRPC).ABTA exhibits poor aqueous solubility,inadequate dissolution,low oral bioavailability(<1...Abiraterone acetate(ABTA)was approved by the USFDA in 2011 for treating metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer(mCRPC).ABTA exhibits poor aqueous solubility,inadequate dissolution,low oral bioavailability(<10%),and significant positive food effects.To overcome these limitations,in the present work,ABTA solid dispersions(SDs)were developed by using hot melt extrusion technology(HME)with various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HME(HPMC HME 15LV and 100LV)at different extrusion temperatures.HPMC HME demonstrated the ability to prevent drug precipitation for up to 120 min compared to the free drug(10 min),sustaining the supersaturation state of the drug in the solution phase and demonstrating the spring and parachute effect.The physical interactions of the ABTA SD’s were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,powder X-ray diffraction,and differential scanning calorimetry confirming the conversion of ABTA into the amorphous state and the molecular interaction between HPMC and ABTA.The bio-relevant dissolution study of ABTA SD showed 2–5 times higher dissolution in fasted(FaSSIF)and fed(FeSSIF)conditions compared to free ABTA.Pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar rats revealed a 6.22 and 4.94-fold increase in Cmax and AUC0–t for the optimized ABTA SD formulation compared to free ABTA.Accelerated stability testing(40±2℃/75±5%RH,90 days)confirmed retained amorphous state,unchanged drug content and dissolution performance for the optimized formulations.The dissolution and bioavailability studies reflected that the prepared SD of ABTA may improve the therapeutic efficacy of ABTA in prostate cancer.The manufacturing technology is scalable and easy to commercialize,revealing the hope of a better treatment strategy for prostate cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2001BA501A-26)the National High-Technology Development Project of China(2004AA625010)the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry (SRF for ROCS,SEM).
文摘An alkaline protease from Acetes chinensis was purified and characterized in this study. The steps of purification include ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow, gel filtration chromatography with S300 and the second ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow. The protease was isolated and purified, which was present and active on protein substrates （azocasein and casein）. The specific protease activity was 17.15 folds and the recovery was 4.67. The molecular weight of the protease was estimated at 23.2kD by SDS-PAGE. With azocasein as the susbstrate, the optimal temperature was 55℃ and the optimal pH value was 5.5. Ion Ca^2＋ could enhance the proteolytic activity of the protease, while Cu^2＋, EDTA and PMSF could inhibit its activity.
文摘The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food items, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae, plant matter, debris, sand, and mud. The objective of this study was to compare different feeds on growth and survival of A. vulgaris reared in fiberglass tanks containing 70 m<sup>3</sup> of seawater salinity 25 ppt over a period of 70 days. Individual shrimps were fed with four different types of feeds i.e., newly hatched Artemia (Ar), rotifer (Ro), newly hatched Artemia + rotifer (ArRo) and shrimp larvae commercial feed (SF). Results suggested that specific growth rates (both for body weight and body length) of shrimps reared with SF were not significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, ArRo and Ro (p ≥ 0.05). The survival rate of A. vulgaris did not vary significantly (p ≥ 0.05) among the Ar, Ro and ArRo treatments. However, the highest survival rate of shrimp (81.78% ± 3.08%) was observed in SF treatment and the percentage of survival rate was significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, Ro and ArRo (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reflected the ability of Acetes shrimps to consume diverse food types including both live feed and pelleted feed. Insights obtained from this research suggested that artificial feed can be as efficient as live feeds. This new knowledge is a needed addition to a currently lacking knowledge base for aquaculture of this Acetes species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370112).
文摘In order to address the evolving emission characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs),it is essential to develop adsorbent materials specifically designed for the efficient adsorption of OVOCs with large kinetic diameters.In this study,we used co-pyrolysis to prepare a series of graded porous carbon materials with well-developed micropores by adjusting the doping ratios of root nodules and pretreated cellulose.The material with root nodule to cellulose mass ratio of 1:1(TCC-RN-1)exhibited the highest saturated adsorption capacity for butyl acetate(834 mg/g).This can be attributed to enhanced pore size distribution from nodule doping,which facilitates the development of a micropore-graded structure.Additionally,the nodules acted as auxiliary activating agents that enhanced the KOH micropore regulation effect during the activation stage,resulting in the highest micropore volume(0.863 cm^(3)/g).The doping of root nodules facilitated the formation of additional defects on the surface of the porous carbon material,leading to a more disordered arrangement that improved pollutant adsorption.Furthermore,TCC-RN-1 demonstrated good thermal stability in an air atmosphere,main-taining a butyl acetate adsorption capacity exceeding 95%after five adsorption-desorption cycles.This indicates its favorable potential for industrial applications.
基金supported by the Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),the Basic Research Project of Science,Education and Industry Integration Pilot Project(No.2022PY047).
文摘Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechanism underlying the synergistic reaction remains a critical issue.This study introduces a photothermal synergistic system for the removal of ethyl acetate(EA)by synthesizing Cu-doped OMS-2(denoted as Cu-OMS-2).Under ultraviolet-visible(UV–Vis)irradiation in a flow system,the Cu-OMS-2 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the EA degradation process,nearly doubling the effectiveness of pure OMS-2,and increasing carbon dioxide yield by 20%.This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased oxygen vacancies(OV)at OMS-2 active sites and Cu doping,as confirmed by H2-TPR,O_(2)-TPD,and CO consump-tion measurements.This study clarifies the catalytic mechanism of light-assisted thermocatalysis and offers a novel strategy for designing photothermal catalysts with homogeneous Cu-doped nanorods for VOC removal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 32260196 (to JY), 81860646 (to ZY) and 31860274 (to JY)a grant from Yunnan Department of Science and Technology,Nos. 202101AT070251 (to JY), 202201AS070084 (to ZY), 202301AY070001-239 (to JY), 202101AZ070001-012, and 2019FI016 (to ZY)。
文摘Studies have shown that chitosan protects against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we administered chitosan intragastrically to an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and found that it effectively reduced dopamine neuron injury, neurotransmitter dopamine release, and motor symptoms. These neuroprotective effects of chitosan were related to bacterial metabolites, specifically shortchain fatty acids, and chitosan administration altered intestinal microbial diversity and decreased short-chain fatty acid production in the gut. Furthermore, chitosan effectively reduced damage to the intestinal barrier and the blood–brain barrier. Finally, we demonstrated that chitosan improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated inflammation in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system by reducing acetate levels. Based on these findings, we suggest a molecular mechanism by which chitosan decreases inflammation through reducing acetate levels and repairing the intestinal and blood–brain barriers, thereby alleviating symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
文摘High-performance MXene-based polymer nanocomposites are well-suited for various industrial applications owing to their excellent mechanical,thermal,and other properties.However,the fabrication of flame-retardant polymer/MXene nanocom-posites remains challenging owing to the limited flame-retardant properties of MXene itself.This study prepared a novel MXene@Ag@PA hybrid material via radiation modification and complexation reaction.This material was used to further enhance the key properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA),such as its mechanical properties,thermal conductivity,flame retardancy,and electromagnetic shielding.The addition of two parts of this hybrid material increased the thermal conduc-tivity of EVA by 44.2%and reduced its peak exothermic rate during combustion by 30.1%compared with pure EVA.The material also significantly reduced smoke production and increased the residue content.In the X-band,the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the EVA composites reached 20 dB.Moreover,the MXene@Ag@PA hybrid material could be used to further enhance the mechanical properties of EVA composites under electron-beam irradiation.Thus,this study contributes to the development of MXene-based EVA advanced materials that are fire-safe,have high strength,and exhibit good electromagnetic shielding performance for various applications.
文摘Developing favorable bio-based polymers that replace petroleum-based plastics is an essential environmental demand.Lignin is a by-product of the chemical pulping industry.It is a natural UV protection ingredient in broad-spectrum(UVA and UVB)sunscreens.It could be partially and selectively acetylated in a simple,fast,and more reliable process.In this work,a composite film was prepared with UV-resistant properties through a casting method.Bio-based cellulose acetate(CA)was employed as a major matrix while nano-acetylated kraft lignin(AL-NPs)was used as filler during synthesizing UV-shielding films loaded with various amounts(1–5 wt.%)of AL-NPs.Kraft lignin was acetylated through a simple and fast microwave-assisted process using acetic acid as a solvent and acetylating agent.The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the prepared films were evaluated using different methods,including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),mechanical testing and contact angle measurement.The UV-Vis spectroscopy optical investigation of the prepared films revealed that AL-NPs in the CA matrix showed strong UV absorption.This feature demonstrated the effectiveness of our research in developing UV-resistant bio-based polymer films.Hence,the prepared films can be considered as successful candidates to be applied in packaging applications.
基金supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instrument(No.2020YFF01014503)the Young Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909039)the College 20 Project fromJi Nan Science&Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC058).
文摘Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82300872 and 82170787)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085Y038)+3 种基金the Supporting Projects for Innovative Leading Talents(T000529)the Distinguished Young Scholar of Anhui Colleges(2021-108-10)the Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholar of Anhui Colleges(2022AH020073)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen Nanshan(SZSM20210300).
文摘Background:Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS)is a frequently encountered disorder characterized by voiding symptoms and pelvic or perineal pain.Proinflammatory T helper 17(Th17)cells are essential for triggering the development of CP/CPPS.High-salt diet(HSD)consumption has been found to cause an accumulation of sodium chloride in peripheral organs,inducing autoimmune responses via the Th17 cell axis.It is currently unknown whether HSD affects the etiology and course of CP/CPPS.Methods:Patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS were evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scoring system,and the correlation between the symptoms of CP/CPPS with HSD was analyzed.The experimental autoimmune prostatitis(EAP)mouse was established and the mice were fed either a normal-salt diet(NSD)or HSD for 6 weeks to investigate the impact of HSD on CP/CPPS.Then,16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were introduced to detect the differences in the gut microflora composition and metabolite profiles between NSD-fed and HSD-fed mice,followed by fecal microbiota transplantation,5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA)supplementation,aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)inhibition,and in vitro Th17 differentiation experiments,which were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying HSD-aggravated CP/CPPS.Finally,chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to validate whether AHR can serve as a transcription factor by interacting with the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1(Sgk1)promoter in CD4^(+)T cells.Results:Increased salt consumption had a positive correlation with symptom scores of CP/CPPS patients,which was validated by feeding EAP mice with HSD,and HSD worsened the prostate inflammation and tactile allodynia in EAP mice through promoting the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells.HSD exacerbated EAP by significantly reducing the relative abundance of beneficial gut microflora,such as Lactobacillaceae,and gut microbiota metabolite 5-HIAA,which is related to tryptophan metabolism.The prostate inflammation,tactile allodynia,and proportion of Th17 cells in mice that received fecal suspensions from the EAP^(+)HSD group were significantly more severe or higher than those in mice that received fecal suspensions from the EAP^(+)NSD group.However,5-HIAA supplementation ameliorated the symptoms of EAP caused by HSD through inhibiting the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells,while AHR inhibition abrogated the protective effects of 5-HIAA supplementation on EAP mice fed a HSD through promoting the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells.Mechanistically,it has been revealed that the SGK1/forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)pathway was significantly activated during cytokine-induced Th17 cell differentiation,and AHR has been shown to inhibit SGK1 transcription by interacting with the Sgk1 promoter in CD4^(+)T cells to inhibit FOXO1 phosphorylation,consequently restoring the equilibrium of Th17 cell differentiation.Conclusions:Our findings indicated that high salt intake represented a risk factor for the development of CP/CPPS as it promoted the differentiation of CD4^(+)T cells to Th17 cells through the 5-HIAA/AHR/SGK1/FOXO1 axis,which might be a potential therapeutic target for CP/CPPS.
文摘A new gold self-relay catalytic annulation/nucleophilic substitution cascade of 1,3-enyne acetates with cyclic ether acetals is reported,enabling highly diastereoselective access to cyclic etherified cyclopentenones with cyclic quaternary centers in moderate to good yields and>19∶1 dr.This catalysis enables the direct construction of two types of carboncyclic skeletons by adjusting the olefin types of 1,3-enyne acetates.When 1,3-enyne acetates bearing a cyclic alkene unit were used,5~6 fused bicarbocyclic products were diastereoselectively synthesized,whereas the reaction of acyclic 1,3-enyne acetates resulted in five-memebered carbocyclic framework.Notably,cyclic ether acetals are commonly used as protecting groups in traditional multistep organic syntheses,and in this reaction,such reagents serve as electrophilic cyclic ether precursors,achieving new uses for old reagents.The current method demonstrates good functional group compatibility,a broad substrate scope and high diastereoselectivity,providing a new synthetic strategy toward functionalized cyclopentenones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201988)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210456)+3 种基金Special Fund for Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Province(BM2022019)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2506004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP123047)the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),primarily produced by intestinal enterochromaffin(EC)cells,relies on tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)for synthesis.Research suggested Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025’s potential in regulating Tph1 gene expression,maintaining 5-HT levels in stressed mice,but its precise mechanisms were unclear.This study used metabolomic techniques to assess probiotic fermentation products,revealing acetate as the crucial element in Bb-CCFM1025’s regulation of gut 5-HT synthesis.Further exploration correlated acetate with Tph1 transcription in intestinal organoids.Transcriptomic methods and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validation demonstrated how acetate facilitated 5-HT synthesis and secretion.It unveiled that acetate orchestrates signaling pathways(phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT),phospholipase C-phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(PLC-pERK),and PLC-1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3)-Ca^(2+))within EC,enabling 5-HT production.These findings elucidate the biochemical mechanisms behind specific probiotics’effects,aiding in the targeted selection of similar beneficial strains.This study offers theoretical support for choosing probiotics with analogous functionalities based on their physiological impacts.
基金supported by theUniversitasNegeri Semarang throughDPAUNNES 2024The grant number is No.271.26.2/UN37/PPK.10/2024.
文摘Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.
基金funded by the joint research collaboration of the Research Organization of Agriculture and Food National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)FY 2024(Grant number:6/III.11/HK/2024),with Widya Fatriasari as the Principal Investigator.
文摘Biodegradable plastics are types of plastics that can decompose into water and carbon dioxide the actions of living organisms,mostly by bacteria.Generally,biodegradable plastics are obtained from renewable raw materials,microorganisms,petrochemicals,or a combination of all three.This study aims to develop an innovative bioplastic by combining chitosan and lignin.Bioplastic was prepared by casting method and characterized by measuring the mechanical properties like tensile strength,Young’smodulus,and elongation at break.The chemical structure,together with the interactions among chitosan and lignin and the presence of new chemical bonds,were evaluated by FTIR,while the thermal properties were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis.The water vapor permeability,tests and transparency as well as biodegradability,were also carried out.The results show a tensile strength value of 34.82 MPa,Young’s modulus of 18.54 MPa,and elongation at a break of 2.74%.Moreover,the interaction between chitosan and lignin affects the intensity of the absorption peak,leading to reduced transparency and increased thermal stability.The chitosan/lignin interactions also influence the crystalline size,making it easier to degrade andmore flexible rather than rigid.The contact angle shows the bioplastic’s ability to resist water absorption for 4minutes.In the biodegradation test,the sample began to degrade after 30 days of soil burial test observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174239 and 52374259)the Program of China Scholarship Council(No.202406080114)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.NSERC RGPIN 2024-04570).
文摘Chalcopyrite is often intergrown with talc,which,after grinding,forms ultrafine particles(<10μm)that readily coat chalcopyrite surfaces,hindering flotation and causing significant losses in tailings.This study evaluates polyvinyl acetate(PVAc),a thermoplastic polymer,as a selective flocculant to enhance reverse flot ation separation of chalcopyrite from ultrafine talc.Flotation tests showed that at a PVAc dosage of 40 mg/L,talc can be effectively and selectively removed,enabling efficient separation.Laser particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS)confirmed that PVAc promotes selective talc aggregation without affecting chalcopyrite.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that hydrogen bonding between PVAc ester groups and surface hydroxyls on talc drives the flocculation,while chalcopyrite lacks suitable binding sites.PVAc adsorption also enhances talc hydrophobicity.Furthermore,particle-bubble coverage angle measurements and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)theory theoretical calculations demonstrated that PVAc-induced flocculation increases attractive interactions between talc and bubbles,shifting the total interaction energy from repulsive to attractive and promoting bubble-particle attachment.This study clarifies the selective adsorption and flocculation mechanisms of PVAc and reveals the coupling of flocculation and flotation of ultrafine talc from a particle-bubble capture perspective,while expanding the potential of ester-based polymers for ultrafine mineral recovery.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB3810700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22378189,U22A20414 and 22378188)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BK20232010 and BG2024018)National State Key Laboratory of Material-oriented Chemical Engineering (SKL-MCE-22A02 and SKL-MCE23B14)。
文摘Membrane-based vapor permeation(VP) is regarded as a highly efficient technology,featuring low energy consumption and free salt fouling.In this study,we have demonstrated upscaling chabazite(CHA) zeolite membranes on the 19-channel α-Al_(2)O_(3) monolithic supports synthesized from high-silica gel(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio of 200) for the dehydration of acetic acid by VP.The monolithic membrane presents higher surface-to-volume ratio and a-tenfold greater mechanical strength compared to tubular ones.The micromorphology and crystallinity of the monolithic CHA zeolite membranes were characterized by scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction analysis.The single-gas permeation test and the effects of temperature,feed water content and feed flow rate on the VP separation performance of monolithic CHA zeolite membrane for dehydration of acetic acid were investigated.Moreover,the stability test of monolithic CHA zeolite membranes was carried out.The 19-channel monolithic membrane achieved a comparable separation performance(water flux of 0.63 kg m^(-2)·h^(-1) and selectivity of 369 at 393 K) with the reported small-area zeolite membranes in water/acetic acid mixtures.It is demonstrated that the monolithic CHA zeolite membranes could be transformative candidates for industrial dehydration of acetic acid under harsh environments.
文摘The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate and analyze the compounds from ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.The structures of these constituents were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometries.Twenty-eight compounds,including flavonoids and their glycoside,carbohydrate,coumarin and organic acid,were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus,and they were identified as kaempferol(1),coumestrol(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),methyl caffeoylquinic acid(4),coptichic aldehyde(5),schizandriside(6),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(7),3-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(8),quercetin(9),luteolin(10),protocatechuic acid(11),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-furan arabinose(12),trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(13),α-D-glucopyranosido-β-D-fructofuranoside,sucrose(14),peucedanol(15),chlorogenic acid(16),pyridoxine(17),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(18),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(19),isoquercitrin(20),mururin A(21),citroside A(22),benzyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),(+)-(6S,9R)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-3-O-α-ionol(24),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),(4R)-4-(3-Oxo-1-buten-1-ylidene)-3α,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1α,3β-diol(26),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(27)and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(28).Compounds 2,5,6,15,21,22,23,24,26 and 28 were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0203600,China)NFSC(81925035,82341232)+2 种基金Program of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(21ZR1475200,China)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(High-Level R&D and Innovative Research Institute 2021B0909050003)SciTech Projects of Zhongshan(CXTD2022011,LJ2021001).
文摘Gastrointestinal tract toxicity represents a serious adverse effect of chemotherapy,leading to reduced quality of life and survival.For instance,irinotecan(CPT-11)usually causes severe gastrointestinal toxicity,with a lack of effective therapeutic interventions,making treatment often unsustainable.Therefore,development of an effective and safe therapy is crucial for improving chemotherapy efficacy and the patients’quality of life.In this work,we developed a novel approach involving the helical-shaped cyanobacterium microalgae,Spirulina platensis(SP),to carry the bornyl acetate(BA)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to enhance drug retention in the small intestine.We demonstrated the protection effect of BA against chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury using an epithelial cell model.In a mouse model,orally administered BA-ChNPs@SP accumulated in the small intestine and attenuated inflammation by reducing dsDNA release and oxidative stress.This was concomitant with the restoration of the intestinal barrier and modulation of the immune microenvironment.This work suggests the promise of the microalgae-carrying nanomedicine strategy for treatment of intestinal diseases,emphasizing its potential in addressing chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal complications.
基金supported by Hubei Province Technology Innovation Program Project(2024BCB073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402249)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690930).
文摘Carbon-based low-dimensional materials(CLDM)with elemental carbon as the main component have unique physical and chemical properties,and become the focus of research in many fields including energy,environmental protection,and information technology.Notably,cellulose acetate,the main component of cigarette butts(CBs),is a one-dimensional precursor with a large specific surface area and aspect ratio.Still,their usefulness as building fillers has often been underestimated before.This review summarizes recent advances in CBs recycling and provides suggested guidelines for its use as a CLDM material in renewable energy.Specifically,we first describe the harmful effects of CBs as pollutants in our lives to emphasize the importance of proper recycling.We then summarize previous methods of recycling CBs waste,including clay bricks,asphalt concrete pavement,gypsum,acoustic materials,chemisorption,vector control,and corrosion control.The potential applications of CBs include triboelectric nanogenerator applications,flexible batteries,enhanced metal-organic framework material energy storage devices,and carbon-based hydrogen storage.Finally,the advantages of utilizing CBs-derived CLDM materials over conventional solutions in the energy field are discussed.This review will provide new avenues for solving the intractable problem of CBs and reducing the manufacturing costs of renewable materials.
基金Projects(52372284,52275187,62004143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022BAA084)supported by the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(232300421135)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China。
文摘Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene is a novel two-dimensional material,which is generally made by the etching of inorganic acid solutions,such as hydrofluoric acid(HF)or hydrochloric acid(HCl).Those solutions are always corrosive and hazardous.In this paper,a mild organic acid,acetic acid(CH_(3)COOH),was selected to synthesize Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene.30 mL acetic acid(HAc)with the concentration of 13 mol/L was mixed with 2 g acetate(CH_(3)COONa or CH_(3)COOK)and 10 mL water to make etching solution(NaAc+HAc or KAc+HAc).In the solution,the concentration of CH_(3)COO^(-)was 10 mol/L,the concentration of Na^(+)/K^(+)is 0.6/0.5 mol/L.The pH value is 2.8.Mo_(2)CT_(x)was obtained by hydrothermal etching at 240℃for 1 d.Compared with the general method of HF etching,the etchant is milder and the etching process is safer.On the surface of Mo_(2)CT_(x)nanosheet made by this method,acetate group(CH_(3)COO^(-))was adsorbed as termination,which is larger than the F/O/OH termination of that made by general HF etching.The lattice parameter c(LP c)of Mo_(2)CT_(x)etched with NaAc+HAc/KAc+HAc is 21.09Å/20.89Å.Moreover,the specific surface areas of the samples etched by NaAc+HAc and KAc+HAc were 18.1 m^(2)/g and 14.1 m^(2)/g,respectively,which were much larger than those etched by conventional methods.As the anode of lithium-ion battery,the specific capacity under current density of 100 mA/g at 100 th cycle was 108 mA·h/g,which is higher than the capacity of samples made by general HF etching.This work reports a novel method to make Mo_(2)CT_(x)MXene by the solution of mild acetic acid.The samples made by this method had very high specific surface area and relatively high lithium-storage performance.
文摘Abiraterone acetate(ABTA)was approved by the USFDA in 2011 for treating metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer(mCRPC).ABTA exhibits poor aqueous solubility,inadequate dissolution,low oral bioavailability(<10%),and significant positive food effects.To overcome these limitations,in the present work,ABTA solid dispersions(SDs)were developed by using hot melt extrusion technology(HME)with various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HME(HPMC HME 15LV and 100LV)at different extrusion temperatures.HPMC HME demonstrated the ability to prevent drug precipitation for up to 120 min compared to the free drug(10 min),sustaining the supersaturation state of the drug in the solution phase and demonstrating the spring and parachute effect.The physical interactions of the ABTA SD’s were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,powder X-ray diffraction,and differential scanning calorimetry confirming the conversion of ABTA into the amorphous state and the molecular interaction between HPMC and ABTA.The bio-relevant dissolution study of ABTA SD showed 2–5 times higher dissolution in fasted(FaSSIF)and fed(FeSSIF)conditions compared to free ABTA.Pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar rats revealed a 6.22 and 4.94-fold increase in Cmax and AUC0–t for the optimized ABTA SD formulation compared to free ABTA.Accelerated stability testing(40±2℃/75±5%RH,90 days)confirmed retained amorphous state,unchanged drug content and dissolution performance for the optimized formulations.The dissolution and bioavailability studies reflected that the prepared SD of ABTA may improve the therapeutic efficacy of ABTA in prostate cancer.The manufacturing technology is scalable and easy to commercialize,revealing the hope of a better treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
