Sichuan Basin is one of the uppermost petroliferous basins in China. It experienced three evolutionary phases which were marine carbonate platform （Ediacaran to Late Triassic）, Indosinian-Yanshanian orogeny foreland...Sichuan Basin is one of the uppermost petroliferous basins in China. It experienced three evolutionary phases which were marine carbonate platform （Ediacaran to Late Triassic）, Indosinian-Yanshanian orogeny foreland basin （Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous） and uplift and tectonic modification （Late Cretaceous to Quaternary）. The present-day tectonics of the Sichuan Ba- sin and its periphery are characterized by three basic elements which are topography, basement type and surface structure, and two settings （plate margin and interior）. Therefore, be subdivided into five units which have different structure and tectonic history. The basin contains five different sets of source rocks with thickness up to 2 500 m. These source rocks were well preserved due to the presence of Middel-Lower Triassic evaporites （〉-200 m） and thick terrestrial sediments filling in the Indosinian-Yanshanian foreland basin （〉3 000 m）. The uplift and erosion since Late Cretaceous has significant influence on cross-strata migration and accumulation of oil and gas. The multi-phase evolution of the basin and its superimposed tectonic elements, good petroleum geologic conditions and diverse petroleum systems reveal its bright exploration prospects.展开更多
Geochronology of oil-gas accumulation （OGA） is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi-cycle superimposed basins.By K-Ar dating of authigenic illite （AI） and fluid inclusion （FI） analysis combined wi...Geochronology of oil-gas accumulation （OGA） is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi-cycle superimposed basins.By K-Ar dating of authigenic illite （AI） and fluid inclusion （FI） analysis combined with apatite fission track （AFT） thermal modeling,a case study of constraining the OGA times of the Permian reservoirs in northeast Ordos basin （NOB） has been conducted in this paper.AI dating of the Permian oil-gas-bearing sandstone core-samples shows a wide time domain of 178-108 Ma.The distribution of the AI ages presents 2-stage primary OGA processes in the Permian reservoirs,which developed in the time domains of 175-155 Ma and 145-115 Ma with 2-peak ages of 165 Ma and 130 Ma,respectively.The FI temperature peaks of the samples and their projected ages on the AFT thermal path not only present two groups with a low and a high peak temperatures in ranges of 90-78℃ and 125-118℃,respectively corresponding to 2-stage primary OGA processes of 162-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in the Permian reservoirs,but also appear a medium temperature group with the peak of 98℃ in agreement with a secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in the Upper Permian reservoirs.The integrated analysis of the AI and FI ages and the tectono-thermal evolution reveals that the Permian reservoirs in the NOB experienced at least 2-stage primary OGA processes of 165-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in agreement with the subsidence thermal process of the Mid-Early Jurassic and the tectono-thermal event of the Early Cretaceous.Then,the Upper Permian reservoirs further experienced at least 1-stage secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in coincidence with a critical tectonic conversion between the slow and the rapid uplift processes from the Late Cretaceous to Neogene.展开更多
The objective of this study is to determine the geochemical role of molluscs in the distribution of uranium in the marine ecosystem. Biogeochemical studies are carried out on recent mollusc shells from the Caspian Sea...The objective of this study is to determine the geochemical role of molluscs in the distribution of uranium in the marine ecosystem. Biogeochemical studies are carried out on recent mollusc shells from the Caspian Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, and Indian Ocean, which differ from each other in terms of physical, chemical, geographic, and geochemical characteristics. In this study, nine Gastropoda and fifty-four Pelecypoda shells of different species are analyzed to document variations of uranium in seasonal layers, which were formed by the seasonal carbonate-organic phase of molluscs during their entire lives. Shell used in this study principally comprises three layers: upper (outer) prismatic, middle prismatic, and inner (mother-of-pearl) layers. In addition, when possible, the head, the middle, and the lower parts of the shells are used for analyses separately. Also, the biological accumulation rate values for each different mollusc species rel展开更多
This paper investigates the snowdrifts caused by lightweight fences along the lines on the flatland through the computational fluid dynamics method. The characteristic ambient flows around the solid fences and the por...This paper investigates the snowdrifts caused by lightweight fences along the lines on the flatland through the computational fluid dynamics method. The characteristic ambient flows around the solid fences and the porous fences with varied heights and bottom wind gaps are simulated in the numerical model, and the working mechanism of ＂interception＂ and ＂scouring＂ of the lightweight fences are analyzed. Based on the friction velocities near the ground, two sets of criteria are proposed to evaluate the deposition and erosion effects of different fences. According to flow separation and reattachment, the simplified relationships between the most likely positions for snow accumulations and fence parameters are devel- oped. The study indicates that the capabilities for snow interception by the solid fence without wind gap and the distance from which to the second snow coverage center both increase with the fence height. Furthermore, it is found that the scouring range for snow surface increases significantly with the size of wind gap, and the snow accumulation rate on the leeward side decreases with the increasing fence porosity.展开更多
A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the ...A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the Xujiaweizi area, including a lower fault system and an upper fault system. Formed in the period of the Huoshiling Formation to Yingcheng Formation, the lower fault system consists of five fault systems including Xuxi strike-slip extensional fault system, NE-trending extensional fault system, near-EW-trending regulating fault system, Xuzhong strike-slip fault system and Xudong strike-slip fault system. Formed in the period of Qingshankou Formation to Yaojia Formation, the upper fault system was affected mainly by the boundary conditions of the lower fault system, and thus plenty of muiti-directionally distributed dense fault zones were formed in the T2 reflection horizon. The Xuxi fault controlled the formation and distribution of Shahezi coal-measure source rocks, and Xuzhong and Xndong faults controlled the formation and distribution of volcanic reservoirs of Y1 Member and Y3 Member, respectively. In the forming period of the upper fault system, the Xuzhong fault was of successive strong activities and directly connected gas source rock reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs, so it is a strongly-charged direct gas source fault. The volcanic reservoir development zones of good physical properties that may be found near the Xuzhong fault are the favorable target zones for the next exploration of deep gas accumulations in Xujiaweizi area.展开更多
Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon a...Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin are investigated. The results show that the oil and gas in the Tazhong uplift has the characteristics of complex accumulation mainly controlled by faults, and more than 80% of the oil and gas reserves are enriched along fault zones. There are large thrust and strike-slip faults in the Tazhong uplift, and the coupling relationship between the formation and evolution of the faults and accumulation determine the difference in complex oil and gas accumulations. The active scale and stage of faults determine the fullness of the traps and the balance of the phase, that is, the blocking of the transport system, the insufficient filling of oil and gas, and the unsteady state of fluid accumulation are dependent on the faults. The multi-period tectonic sedimentary evolution controls the differences of trap conditions in the fault zones, and the multi-phase hydrocarbon migration and accumulation causes the differences of fluid distribution in the fault zones. The theory of differential oil and gas accumulation controlled by fault is the key to the overall evaluation, three-dimensional development and discovery of new reserves in the Tazhong uplift.展开更多
Changes in forest biomass and soil organic carbon reserves have strong links to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.Human activities such as livestock grazing,forest fires,selective logging and firewood extractio...Changes in forest biomass and soil organic carbon reserves have strong links to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.Human activities such as livestock grazing,forest fires,selective logging and firewood extraction are the common disturbances that affect the carbon dynamics of the forest ecosystems.Here,we hypothesized that such anthropogenic activities significantly reduce the carbon stocks and accumulation rates in the tropical highland forests of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in Southern Mexico.We sampled the Pinus oocarpa Scheide dominated forests within the elevation range of 900 to 1100 m above sea level in 2010,2014 and 2017.We measured the stand structural properties and used the reported allometric equations to calculate the tree carbon stocks.Stock change approach was used to calculate carbon accumulation rates.The results showed a gradual increase in carbon storage over the 7-year period from 2010 to 2017,but the rate of increase varied significantly between the study sites.The aboveground carbon stock was 107.25±11.77 Mg ha-1 for the site with lower anthropogenic intensity,compared to 74.29±16.85 Mg ha-1 for the site with higher intensity.The current annual increment for the forest with lower anthropogenic intensity was 7.81±0.65 Mg ha-1 a-1,compared to 3.87±1.03 Mg ha-1 a-1 in the site with high anthropogenic intensity.Although at varying rates,these forests are functioning as important carbon sinks.The results on carbon accumulation rates have important implications in greenhouse gas mitigations and forest change modelling in the context of changing global climate.展开更多
Because of the differences of hydrocarbon accumulation between in-source and out-of-source oil pools, the demand for source kitchen is different. Based on the establishment of source-to-reservoir correlation in the kn...Because of the differences of hydrocarbon accumulation between in-source and out-of-source oil pools, the demand for source kitchen is different. Based on the establishment of source-to-reservoir correlation in the known conventional accumulations, and the characteristics of shale oil source kitchens as well, this paper discusses the differences of source kitchens for the formation of both conventional and shale oils. The formation of conventional oil pools is a process of hydrocarbons enriching from disperse state under the action of buoyancy, which enables most of the oil pools to be formed outside the source kitchens. The source rock does not necessarily have high abundance of organic matter, but has to have high efficiency and enough amount of hydrocarbon expulsion. The TOC threshold of source rocks for conventional oil accumulations is 0.5%, with the best TOC window ranging from 1% to 3%. The oil pools formed inside the source kitchens, mainly shale oil, are the retention of oil and gas in the source rock and there is no large-scale hydrocarbon migration and enrichment process happened, which requires better quality and bigger scale of source rocks. The threshold of TOC for medium to high maturity of shale oil is 2%, with the best range falling in 3%–5%. Medium to low mature shale oil resource has a TOC threshold of 6%, and the higher the better in particular. The most favorable kerogen for both high and low-mature shale oils is oil-prone type of I–II1. Carrying out source rock quality and classification evaluation and looking for large-scale and high-quality source rock enrichment areas are a scientific issue that must be paid attention to when exploration activity changes from out-of-source regions to in-source kitchen areas. The purpose is to provide theoretical guidance for the upcoming shale oil enrichment area selection, economic discovery and objective evaluation of resource potential.展开更多
Objective:The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity.H...Objective:The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity.Here,Gastrodia elata,a medicinal plant,is employed as a model to explore the environmental factors that influence its genetic characteristics and metabolic accumulations.Methods:A total of 23 G.elata populations from six cultispecies and 11 cultivated regions were selected based on the predictions of the global geographic information system.The genetic characteristics of these populations were evaluated using highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers.Additionally,the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers were measured employing colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Ecological data of each region were obtained from the World Clim-global climate database and harmonized world soil database.To assess the influence of ecological factors on the genetic characteristics and metabolic profiles of G.elata,Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted.Results:Genetic variation among G.elata populations exceeded that within populations.Genetic diverisity,distance and structure manifested regional and species-specific patterns.Metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity exhibited regional variations.Notably,the Lueyang region demonstrated that a content range of total polysaccharide,total protein,and phenolic glycosides was 9.34%-189.67%higher than the average.Similarly,in the Hubei region,total phenolic content,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content,and antioxidant indicators were observed to be higher than the average levels,by 106.57%,136.47%and12.50%-91.14%,respectively.Furthermore,ecological factors had a significant comprehensive impact on G.elata genetic characteristics(r>0.256 and P<0.05).Multivariate metabolite accumulations in G.elata were influenced by dominant ecological factors.Temperature notably impacted the accumulation of total protein(|r|>0.528 and P<0.05).Moisture,encompassing precipitation and soil content,significantly affected the production of phenolic glycosides(|r|>0.503 and P<0.05).Conclusion:The genetic characteristics of G.elata manifested regional and species-specific patterns,with the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers exhibited regional variations.Specifically,multivariate ecological factors comprehensively influenced genetic characteristics.Temperature and moisture played pivotal roles in regulating the accumulations of proteins and phenolic glycosides,respectively.These findings underscore the significant impact of ecological factors on the shaping of G.elata,highlighting their crucial role in enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
Numerous moundy reflections were found at the Upper Meishan Formation in southern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea which are suspected reefs. However, no common understanding on the seismic and geologic interpretat...Numerous moundy reflections were found at the Upper Meishan Formation in southern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea which are suspected reefs. However, no common understanding on the seismic and geologic interpretation was acquired. Based on seismic reflection identification, geometrical configuration description, wave impedance inversion, forward simulation, analysis of reef-building sedimentary environments and pseudomorph identification, these suspected-reef moundy reflections were studied in details.Three types of reefs were recognized, i.e., patch reef, platform-edge reef, and pinnacle reef. They have some typical characteristics of reefs, including moundy or lenticular shape, clear outline with crest and canal, internal foreset bedding, bidirectional uplap between limbs, and strong reflection at top and bottom. The patch reefs are of moundy seismic facies, with moderateestrong amplitude and moderate frequency, and distribute at the higher part of southern slope belt. Fore-reef and back-reef of patch reefs are slightly asymmetrical being perpendicular to palaeo-bathymetric orientation; while symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical being parallel to the palaeo-bathymetric orientation, and the wave impedance value is about 7 kg/m^3×m/s.Platform-edge reefs are of flat-moundy seismic facies with strong amplitude and moderate frequency, which develop at the carbonate platform edge of higher part of southern slope belt, and the wave impedance value is about 7.5 kg/m^3×m/s. Pinnacle reefs grow up on volcanic cones, forming the complex of pinnacle reef and volcanic cone. The Miocene Meishan Formation reefs in southern Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, with high quality sourceereservoireseal assemblages, have good petroleum exploration prospects.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks(FANETs)are widely used in both civilian and military fields,but they face severe security,trust,and privacy vulnerabilities due to their high mobility,dynamic to...Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks(FANETs)are widely used in both civilian and military fields,but they face severe security,trust,and privacy vulnerabilities due to their high mobility,dynamic topology,and open wireless channels.Existing security protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks(MANETs)cannot be directly applied to FANETs,as FANETs require lightweight,high real-time performance,and strong anonymity.The current FANETs security protocol cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of strong anonymity,high security,and low overhead in high dynamic and resource-constrained scenarios.To address these challenges,this paper proposes an Anonymous Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol(AAKE-OWA)for UAVs in FANETs based on OneWay Accumulators(OWA).During the UAV registration phase,the Key Management Center(KMC)generates an identity ticket for each UAV using OWA and transmits it securely to the UAV’s on-board tamper-proof module.In the key exchange phase,UAVs generate temporary authentication tickets with random numbers and compute the same session key leveraging the quasi-commutativity of OWA.For mutual anonymous authentication,UAVs encrypt random numbers with the session key and verify identities by comparing computed values with authentication values.Formal analysis using the Scyther tool confirms that the protocol resists identity spoofing,man-in-the-middle,and replay attacks.Through Burrows Abadi Needham(BAN)logic proof,it achieves mutual anonymity,prevents simulation and physical capture attacks,and ensures secure connectivity of 1.Experimental comparisons with existing protocols prove that the AAKE-OWA protocol has lower computational overhead,communication overhead,and storage overhead,making it more suitable for resource-constrained FANET scenarios.Performance comparison experiments show that,compared with other schemes,this scheme only requires 8 one-way accumulator operations and 4 symmetric encryption/decryption operations,with a total computational overhead as low as 2.3504 ms,a communication overhead of merely 1216 bits,and a storage overhead of 768 bits.We have achieved a reduction in computational costs from 6.3%to 90.3%,communication costs from 5.0%to 69.1%,and overall storage costs from 33%to 68%compared to existing solutions.It can meet the performance requirements of lightweight,real-time,and anonymity for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)networks.展开更多
The Dongsha area,a key target for gas hydrate exploration,is influenced by multiple factors,including sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironment,which play critical roles in gas hydrate formation.To elucidate the ...The Dongsha area,a key target for gas hydrate exploration,is influenced by multiple factors,including sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironment,which play critical roles in gas hydrate formation.To elucidate the coupling among sedimentary processes,paleoenvironment,and gas hydrate accumulation,this study investigates the Site DS-W16 using particle size analysis,biological component content,and geochemistry data.Oxygen isotope data from foraminifera and biostratigraphic evidence indicate that sedimentation at the bottom of core interval from Site DS-W16 began during MIS 11(Marine isotope stage).The sedimentation dynamics of the studied layers are complex,involving gravity flows,traction currents,and suspended deposition.Organic matter shows a significant correlation with transgressive-regressive cycle.The site DS-W16 contains two distinct gas hydrate reservoirs:a shallow reservoir(10-24 mbsf)and a deep reservoir(below 182 mbsf).The paleomarine environment influences gas hydrate accumulation by altering sedimentary processes and sediment characteristics,especially the distribution of biological components.Both shallow and deep gas hydrate reservoirs formed under dynamic conditions dominated by traction currents and are characterized by a higher abundance of foraminifera.Sedimentary layers rich in foraminifera and modified by traction currents represent key intervals for preferential gas hydrate accumulation.展开更多
Central Sumatra,Indonesia,is historically known for its significant seismic activities,most notably the devastating 1883 earthquake.In this study,we measured the interseismic deformation using continuous GNSS observat...Central Sumatra,Indonesia,is historically known for its significant seismic activities,most notably the devastating 1883 earthquake.In this study,we measured the interseismic deformation using continuous GNSS observation data for three years from 2018 to 2021.5.The results show that the derived velocity fields indicate that the Central Sumatra deformation is primarily characterized by crustal strain shortening due to interaction between the India-Australian plate and the Sundaland plate.High strain values are observed along the Sumatran Fault Zone(SFZ),which is characterized by a history of significant seismic activity.Interseismic locking is divided into two segments.Segment A,located in the northern part of Siberut Island has an estimated moment magnitude of MW7.44 with a return period of200 years leading to a potential earthquake magnitude of MW8.98.Segment B in the southern part of Siberut Island has an estimated moment magnitude of MW7.26 with a return period of 200 years,resulting in a potential earthquake magnitude of MW8.79.The findings highlight critical seismic hazard implications,emphasizing the potential for a major earthquake in the Central Sumatra.展开更多
Blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)is highly characterized by its nutritional value,with an extremely high anthocyanin content,and rabbiteye blueberry is widely grown across China.However,molecular regulatory mechanisms underl...Blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)is highly characterized by its nutritional value,with an extremely high anthocyanin content,and rabbiteye blueberry is widely grown across China.However,molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the high anthocyanin accumulation during the fruit development and colouration of rabbiteye blueberry fruit,have not yet been fully clarified so far.The fruit anthocyanin content of rabbiteye blueberry in the karstic area of Guizhou Province,China,is much higher compared to that in other regions,and the fruit colour is highly affected by anthocyanin accumulation.Currently,the untargeted metabolomics and HPLC assays have been carried out using rabbiteye blueberry fruit at various stages,and it was investigated that cyanidin(Cy)and pelargonidin(Pg)reached their peaks at the red fruit(RF)stage,whereas delphinidin(Dp),petudinin(Pt),malvidin(Mv),and peonidin(Pn)got their ceilings at the mature fruit(MF)stage.Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses showed that 27 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were associated with anthocyanin content,among which VdMYB56,belonging to the R2R3-MYB family,was markedly up-regulated during the development and colouration of fruit,and was significantly higher in the skin than in the pulp.Furthermore,VdMYB56-overexpressing tomato fruits demonstrated a substantial elevation in anthocyanin content on the 35th day after flowering(DAF).It was worth noting that VdMYB56 could directly bind to the promoter of Vd3GT to enhance its expression,thereby further strengthening the anthocyanin accumulation.Meantime,multiple assays verified that VdMYB69,an R2R3-MYB member,might interact with VdMYB56,leading to the promotion of VdMYB56 expression.Conclusively,the VdMYB56-VdMYB69 module is a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rabbiteye blueberry,which may provide new insights into high-anthocyanin breeding,particularly for the southern karstic regions.展开更多
Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to h...Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to humans,and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group I carcinogen.Cadmium undergoes minimal metabolism in the human body;consequently,prolonged Cd^(2+)exposure can cause severe damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidneys,lungs,bones,and immune system(Shao et al.2024).Rice,one of the three global staple crops,and Cd exposure in humans primarily occurs the consumption of contaminated rice grains.The contribution of rice to the total dietary Cd intake is over 50% for non-smoking Asian populations(Chen et al.2018;Shi et al.2020).展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bot...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bottleneck,severely affecting device stability and long-term operational performance.Herein,we present a multifunctional strategy by incorporating highly thermally conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) MXene nanosheets into the perovskite layer to simultaneously enhance thermal management and optoelectronic properties.The Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets,embedded at perovskite grain boundaries,construct efficient thermal conduction pathways,significantly improving the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the film.This leads to a notable reduction in the device’s steady-state operating temperature from 42.96 to 39.97 under 100 mW cm^(−2) illumination,thereby alleviating heat-induced performance degradation.Beyond thermal regulation,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X),with high conductivity and negatively charged surface terminations,also serves as an effective defect passivation agent,reducing trap-assisted recombination,while simultaneously facilitating charge extraction and transport by optimizing interfacial energy alignment.As a result,the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC achieve a champion PCE of 25.13%and exhibit outstanding thermal stability,retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 and 30±5%relative humidity.(In contrast,control PSC retain only 58%after 200 h.)Moreover,under continuous maximum power point tracking in N2 atmosphere,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC retained 70%of the initial PCE after 500 h,whereas the control PSC drop sharply to 20%.These findings highlight the synergistic role of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) in thermal management and optoelectronic performance,paving the way for the development of high-efficiency and heat-resistant perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
The establishment of plantations has become a critical approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,particularly in fragile environments with carbon sequestration potential.In karst areas,plantations based on fastgr...The establishment of plantations has become a critical approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,particularly in fragile environments with carbon sequestration potential.In karst areas,plantations based on fastgrowing afforestation species made significant contributions to enhancing carbon sequestration.However,the impact of understory vegetation on carbon accumulation remains unclear.Especially,the carbon accumulation associated with litter produced during the replacement of understory species receives insufficient attention,which leads to the neglect of the carbon sequestration potential in plantations of karst areas.Leaf is a crucial organ that links the litter production.To explore how leaf traits adapt to competitive environments and drive litter carbon accumulation during understory species replacement,this study observed leaf traits and litter carbon content changes in three types of plantations in the Liujiang River Basin,a typical karst area.A total of 37 sampling plots were selected for field investigation over a twoyear period.Leaf traits,species diversity,vegetation coverage,and litter carbon characteristics in understory vegetation were measured.Variance analysis,allometric equations,and path analysis were used for data analysis.The results showed that most understory species adopted a biomass conservation strategy under high-coverage conditions(>44.27%)and expanded competitive leaf area under low-coverage conditions(<44.27%).However,Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus exhibited strong competitiveness during understory species replacement.They showed an expansion of competitive leaf area under high-coverage conditions.This competitive strategy reduced species diversity and community specific leaf area.But the rapid expansion of Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus increased understory vegetation coverage,and their increased specific leaf area facilitated leaf shedding,resulting in significant litter weight accumulation(P<0.05),thereby enhancing litter carbon content per unit area.These competitive strategies were key driving factors for the increase in litter carbon content per square meter,which reached a maximum of 49.6% higher than that in natural grasslands.And the maximum increase in litter carbon accumulation derived from understory vegetation reached 3.37 times from 2023 to 2024 in plantations.In the understory vegetation of plantations,the competitive strategies reflected by leaf adaptation of key competitive species are critical factors influencing litter carbon accumulation.Future research could deeply explore the carbon sequestration effects resulting from the dynamic changes in competition within the understory vegetation of plantations.展开更多
CR Dhan 310(CRD310),a biofortified rice variety,contains a significantly higher level of grain protein compared with its recurrent parent Naveen(NV),as well as most adapted high-yielding rice varieties in India.Althou...CR Dhan 310(CRD310),a biofortified rice variety,contains a significantly higher level of grain protein compared with its recurrent parent Naveen(NV),as well as most adapted high-yielding rice varieties in India.Although a limited investigation depicted that CRD310 contained higher levels of glutelin and some essential amino acids,detailed biochemical,molecular,and cellular mechanisms remain to be studied.As one of the means to identify the proteins and understand the underlying mechanism of higher proteins accumulation in grains of CRD310,the comparative proteomics was undertaken on grains of CRD310 and NV at the yellow ripening stage.展开更多
Rapidly improving infertile croplands and enhancing their soil organic carbon(SOC)pool necessitate substantial organic materials incorporation.Converting loose crop straw into granulated form facilitates uniform incor...Rapidly improving infertile croplands and enhancing their soil organic carbon(SOC)pool necessitate substantial organic materials incorporation.Converting loose crop straw into granulated form facilitates uniform incorporation within the plough soil layer.As an innovative soil amelioration approach,the efficiency and patterns of SOC accumulation remain unclear.Two field experiments were conducted in infertile subtropical upland and paddy soils with 0,30,60,and 90 Mg ha^(-1)granulated straw incorporation.After one year,SOC accumulation efficiency from straw input remained stable in upland(30.8–37.5%)with increasing amounts of straw incorporation,while declined from 60.0 to 38.3%in paddy.In both croplands,the contributions of lignin phenols to SOC increased with increasing straw incorporation,while the contributions from amino sugars remained constant at higher straw input levels.Subsequently,the ratios of lignin phenols to amino sugars increased with increasing straw incorporation,indicating faster plant residue accumulation compared to microbial necromass,as the granulation approach limited microbial involvement in straw transformation.Thus,single-time incorporation of substantial granulated straw presents an effective agricultural strategy for rapid amelioration of infertile croplands.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB214805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41230313, 41402119, 2017JQ0025, 41472017, 41572111)
文摘Sichuan Basin is one of the uppermost petroliferous basins in China. It experienced three evolutionary phases which were marine carbonate platform （Ediacaran to Late Triassic）, Indosinian-Yanshanian orogeny foreland basin （Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous） and uplift and tectonic modification （Late Cretaceous to Quaternary）. The present-day tectonics of the Sichuan Ba- sin and its periphery are characterized by three basic elements which are topography, basement type and surface structure, and two settings （plate margin and interior）. Therefore, be subdivided into five units which have different structure and tectonic history. The basin contains five different sets of source rocks with thickness up to 2 500 m. These source rocks were well preserved due to the presence of Middel-Lower Triassic evaporites （〉-200 m） and thick terrestrial sediments filling in the Indosinian-Yanshanian foreland basin （〉3 000 m）. The uplift and erosion since Late Cretaceous has significant influence on cross-strata migration and accumulation of oil and gas. The multi-phase evolution of the basin and its superimposed tectonic elements, good petroleum geologic conditions and diverse petroleum systems reveal its bright exploration prospects.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2003CB2146007)the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Colleges and Universities of the National Education Ministry of China (No. 20116101110006)+2 种基金the Key Project of Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2012JZ5001)the Oil-gas Survey Project of China Geological Survey Bureau (1212011220761)the Preferred Foundation of Study Abroad Returnees of the Human Resources and Social Security of China
文摘Geochronology of oil-gas accumulation （OGA） is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi-cycle superimposed basins.By K-Ar dating of authigenic illite （AI） and fluid inclusion （FI） analysis combined with apatite fission track （AFT） thermal modeling,a case study of constraining the OGA times of the Permian reservoirs in northeast Ordos basin （NOB） has been conducted in this paper.AI dating of the Permian oil-gas-bearing sandstone core-samples shows a wide time domain of 178-108 Ma.The distribution of the AI ages presents 2-stage primary OGA processes in the Permian reservoirs,which developed in the time domains of 175-155 Ma and 145-115 Ma with 2-peak ages of 165 Ma and 130 Ma,respectively.The FI temperature peaks of the samples and their projected ages on the AFT thermal path not only present two groups with a low and a high peak temperatures in ranges of 90-78℃ and 125-118℃,respectively corresponding to 2-stage primary OGA processes of 162-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in the Permian reservoirs,but also appear a medium temperature group with the peak of 98℃ in agreement with a secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in the Upper Permian reservoirs.The integrated analysis of the AI and FI ages and the tectono-thermal evolution reveals that the Permian reservoirs in the NOB experienced at least 2-stage primary OGA processes of 165-153 Ma and 140-128 Ma in agreement with the subsidence thermal process of the Mid-Early Jurassic and the tectono-thermal event of the Early Cretaceous.Then,the Upper Permian reservoirs further experienced at least 1-stage secondary OGA process of c.～30 Ma in coincidence with a critical tectonic conversion between the slow and the rapid uplift processes from the Late Cretaceous to Neogene.
文摘The objective of this study is to determine the geochemical role of molluscs in the distribution of uranium in the marine ecosystem. Biogeochemical studies are carried out on recent mollusc shells from the Caspian Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, and Indian Ocean, which differ from each other in terms of physical, chemical, geographic, and geochemical characteristics. In this study, nine Gastropoda and fifty-four Pelecypoda shells of different species are analyzed to document variations of uranium in seasonal layers, which were formed by the seasonal carbonate-organic phase of molluscs during their entire lives. Shell used in this study principally comprises three layers: upper (outer) prismatic, middle prismatic, and inner (mother-of-pearl) layers. In addition, when possible, the head, the middle, and the lower parts of the shells are used for analyses separately. Also, the biological accumulation rate values for each different mollusc species rel
基金the supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51525804)the Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2015TD0004)the Construction Technology Project of China Transport Ministry(No.2014318800240)
文摘This paper investigates the snowdrifts caused by lightweight fences along the lines on the flatland through the computational fluid dynamics method. The characteristic ambient flows around the solid fences and the porous fences with varied heights and bottom wind gaps are simulated in the numerical model, and the working mechanism of ＂interception＂ and ＂scouring＂ of the lightweight fences are analyzed. Based on the friction velocities near the ground, two sets of criteria are proposed to evaluate the deposition and erosion effects of different fences. According to flow separation and reattachment, the simplified relationships between the most likely positions for snow accumulations and fence parameters are devel- oped. The study indicates that the capabilities for snow interception by the solid fence without wind gap and the distance from which to the second snow coverage center both increase with the fence height. Furthermore, it is found that the scouring range for snow surface increases significantly with the size of wind gap, and the snow accumulation rate on the leeward side decreases with the increasing fence porosity.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation Project Polygonal Fault Genetic Mechanism and its Reservoir Controlling Mechanism in Rift Basin (number: 41072163) financial aid
文摘A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the Xujiaweizi area, including a lower fault system and an upper fault system. Formed in the period of the Huoshiling Formation to Yingcheng Formation, the lower fault system consists of five fault systems including Xuxi strike-slip extensional fault system, NE-trending extensional fault system, near-EW-trending regulating fault system, Xuzhong strike-slip fault system and Xudong strike-slip fault system. Formed in the period of Qingshankou Formation to Yaojia Formation, the upper fault system was affected mainly by the boundary conditions of the lower fault system, and thus plenty of muiti-directionally distributed dense fault zones were formed in the T2 reflection horizon. The Xuxi fault controlled the formation and distribution of Shahezi coal-measure source rocks, and Xuzhong and Xndong faults controlled the formation and distribution of volcanic reservoirs of Y1 Member and Y3 Member, respectively. In the forming period of the upper fault system, the Xuzhong fault was of successive strong activities and directly connected gas source rock reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs, so it is a strongly-charged direct gas source fault. The volcanic reservoir development zones of good physical properties that may be found near the Xuzhong fault are the favorable target zones for the next exploration of deep gas accumulations in Xujiaweizi area.
基金Supported by the China Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05008-004-001,2017ZX05001-001)Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Pilot Project(XDA14010302)
文摘Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin are investigated. The results show that the oil and gas in the Tazhong uplift has the characteristics of complex accumulation mainly controlled by faults, and more than 80% of the oil and gas reserves are enriched along fault zones. There are large thrust and strike-slip faults in the Tazhong uplift, and the coupling relationship between the formation and evolution of the faults and accumulation determine the difference in complex oil and gas accumulations. The active scale and stage of faults determine the fullness of the traps and the balance of the phase, that is, the blocking of the transport system, the insufficient filling of oil and gas, and the unsteady state of fluid accumulation are dependent on the faults. The multi-period tectonic sedimentary evolution controls the differences of trap conditions in the fault zones, and the multi-phase hydrocarbon migration and accumulation causes the differences of fluid distribution in the fault zones. The theory of differential oil and gas accumulation controlled by fault is the key to the overall evaluation, three-dimensional development and discovery of new reserves in the Tazhong uplift.
基金We thank BIOMASA A.C.and Mexico REDD+program for supporting part of the fieldwork.We are thankful to Carrie Mitchell for English revision of the manuscript.We acknowledge the constructive comments from the reviewers on the earlier version of the article.
文摘Changes in forest biomass and soil organic carbon reserves have strong links to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.Human activities such as livestock grazing,forest fires,selective logging and firewood extraction are the common disturbances that affect the carbon dynamics of the forest ecosystems.Here,we hypothesized that such anthropogenic activities significantly reduce the carbon stocks and accumulation rates in the tropical highland forests of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in Southern Mexico.We sampled the Pinus oocarpa Scheide dominated forests within the elevation range of 900 to 1100 m above sea level in 2010,2014 and 2017.We measured the stand structural properties and used the reported allometric equations to calculate the tree carbon stocks.Stock change approach was used to calculate carbon accumulation rates.The results showed a gradual increase in carbon storage over the 7-year period from 2010 to 2017,but the rate of increase varied significantly between the study sites.The aboveground carbon stock was 107.25±11.77 Mg ha-1 for the site with lower anthropogenic intensity,compared to 74.29±16.85 Mg ha-1 for the site with higher intensity.The current annual increment for the forest with lower anthropogenic intensity was 7.81±0.65 Mg ha-1 a-1,compared to 3.87±1.03 Mg ha-1 a-1 in the site with high anthropogenic intensity.Although at varying rates,these forests are functioning as important carbon sinks.The results on carbon accumulation rates have important implications in greenhouse gas mitigations and forest change modelling in the context of changing global climate.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05046,2017ZX05001)RIPED Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(2018ycq02)。
文摘Because of the differences of hydrocarbon accumulation between in-source and out-of-source oil pools, the demand for source kitchen is different. Based on the establishment of source-to-reservoir correlation in the known conventional accumulations, and the characteristics of shale oil source kitchens as well, this paper discusses the differences of source kitchens for the formation of both conventional and shale oils. The formation of conventional oil pools is a process of hydrocarbons enriching from disperse state under the action of buoyancy, which enables most of the oil pools to be formed outside the source kitchens. The source rock does not necessarily have high abundance of organic matter, but has to have high efficiency and enough amount of hydrocarbon expulsion. The TOC threshold of source rocks for conventional oil accumulations is 0.5%, with the best TOC window ranging from 1% to 3%. The oil pools formed inside the source kitchens, mainly shale oil, are the retention of oil and gas in the source rock and there is no large-scale hydrocarbon migration and enrichment process happened, which requires better quality and bigger scale of source rocks. The threshold of TOC for medium to high maturity of shale oil is 2%, with the best range falling in 3%–5%. Medium to low mature shale oil resource has a TOC threshold of 6%, and the higher the better in particular. The most favorable kerogen for both high and low-mature shale oils is oil-prone type of I–II1. Carrying out source rock quality and classification evaluation and looking for large-scale and high-quality source rock enrichment areas are a scientific issue that must be paid attention to when exploration activity changes from out-of-source regions to in-source kitchen areas. The purpose is to provide theoretical guidance for the upcoming shale oil enrichment area selection, economic discovery and objective evaluation of resource potential.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2023E001TS03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZXKT22001)。
文摘Objective:The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity.Here,Gastrodia elata,a medicinal plant,is employed as a model to explore the environmental factors that influence its genetic characteristics and metabolic accumulations.Methods:A total of 23 G.elata populations from six cultispecies and 11 cultivated regions were selected based on the predictions of the global geographic information system.The genetic characteristics of these populations were evaluated using highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers.Additionally,the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers were measured employing colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Ecological data of each region were obtained from the World Clim-global climate database and harmonized world soil database.To assess the influence of ecological factors on the genetic characteristics and metabolic profiles of G.elata,Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted.Results:Genetic variation among G.elata populations exceeded that within populations.Genetic diverisity,distance and structure manifested regional and species-specific patterns.Metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity exhibited regional variations.Notably,the Lueyang region demonstrated that a content range of total polysaccharide,total protein,and phenolic glycosides was 9.34%-189.67%higher than the average.Similarly,in the Hubei region,total phenolic content,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content,and antioxidant indicators were observed to be higher than the average levels,by 106.57%,136.47%and12.50%-91.14%,respectively.Furthermore,ecological factors had a significant comprehensive impact on G.elata genetic characteristics(r>0.256 and P<0.05).Multivariate metabolite accumulations in G.elata were influenced by dominant ecological factors.Temperature notably impacted the accumulation of total protein(|r|>0.528 and P<0.05).Moisture,encompassing precipitation and soil content,significantly affected the production of phenolic glycosides(|r|>0.503 and P<0.05).Conclusion:The genetic characteristics of G.elata manifested regional and species-specific patterns,with the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers exhibited regional variations.Specifically,multivariate ecological factors comprehensively influenced genetic characteristics.Temperature and moisture played pivotal roles in regulating the accumulations of proteins and phenolic glycosides,respectively.These findings underscore the significant impact of ecological factors on the shaping of G.elata,highlighting their crucial role in enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2016ZX05026-007)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41502081)
文摘Numerous moundy reflections were found at the Upper Meishan Formation in southern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea which are suspected reefs. However, no common understanding on the seismic and geologic interpretation was acquired. Based on seismic reflection identification, geometrical configuration description, wave impedance inversion, forward simulation, analysis of reef-building sedimentary environments and pseudomorph identification, these suspected-reef moundy reflections were studied in details.Three types of reefs were recognized, i.e., patch reef, platform-edge reef, and pinnacle reef. They have some typical characteristics of reefs, including moundy or lenticular shape, clear outline with crest and canal, internal foreset bedding, bidirectional uplap between limbs, and strong reflection at top and bottom. The patch reefs are of moundy seismic facies, with moderateestrong amplitude and moderate frequency, and distribute at the higher part of southern slope belt. Fore-reef and back-reef of patch reefs are slightly asymmetrical being perpendicular to palaeo-bathymetric orientation; while symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical being parallel to the palaeo-bathymetric orientation, and the wave impedance value is about 7 kg/m^3×m/s.Platform-edge reefs are of flat-moundy seismic facies with strong amplitude and moderate frequency, which develop at the carbonate platform edge of higher part of southern slope belt, and the wave impedance value is about 7.5 kg/m^3×m/s. Pinnacle reefs grow up on volcanic cones, forming the complex of pinnacle reef and volcanic cone. The Miocene Meishan Formation reefs in southern Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, with high quality sourceereservoireseal assemblages, have good petroleum exploration prospects.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(under Grant 61902163)the Jiangsu“Qing Lan Project”,Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Major Research Project:23KJA520007)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX25_1303).
文摘Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks(FANETs)are widely used in both civilian and military fields,but they face severe security,trust,and privacy vulnerabilities due to their high mobility,dynamic topology,and open wireless channels.Existing security protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks(MANETs)cannot be directly applied to FANETs,as FANETs require lightweight,high real-time performance,and strong anonymity.The current FANETs security protocol cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of strong anonymity,high security,and low overhead in high dynamic and resource-constrained scenarios.To address these challenges,this paper proposes an Anonymous Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol(AAKE-OWA)for UAVs in FANETs based on OneWay Accumulators(OWA).During the UAV registration phase,the Key Management Center(KMC)generates an identity ticket for each UAV using OWA and transmits it securely to the UAV’s on-board tamper-proof module.In the key exchange phase,UAVs generate temporary authentication tickets with random numbers and compute the same session key leveraging the quasi-commutativity of OWA.For mutual anonymous authentication,UAVs encrypt random numbers with the session key and verify identities by comparing computed values with authentication values.Formal analysis using the Scyther tool confirms that the protocol resists identity spoofing,man-in-the-middle,and replay attacks.Through Burrows Abadi Needham(BAN)logic proof,it achieves mutual anonymity,prevents simulation and physical capture attacks,and ensures secure connectivity of 1.Experimental comparisons with existing protocols prove that the AAKE-OWA protocol has lower computational overhead,communication overhead,and storage overhead,making it more suitable for resource-constrained FANET scenarios.Performance comparison experiments show that,compared with other schemes,this scheme only requires 8 one-way accumulator operations and 4 symmetric encryption/decryption operations,with a total computational overhead as low as 2.3504 ms,a communication overhead of merely 1216 bits,and a storage overhead of 768 bits.We have achieved a reduction in computational costs from 6.3%to 90.3%,communication costs from 5.0%to 69.1%,and overall storage costs from 33%to 68%compared to existing solutions.It can meet the performance requirements of lightweight,real-time,and anonymity for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)networks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42376217)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.3-7-10-2025-03)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC2814702).
文摘The Dongsha area,a key target for gas hydrate exploration,is influenced by multiple factors,including sedimentary processes and the paleoenvironment,which play critical roles in gas hydrate formation.To elucidate the coupling among sedimentary processes,paleoenvironment,and gas hydrate accumulation,this study investigates the Site DS-W16 using particle size analysis,biological component content,and geochemistry data.Oxygen isotope data from foraminifera and biostratigraphic evidence indicate that sedimentation at the bottom of core interval from Site DS-W16 began during MIS 11(Marine isotope stage).The sedimentation dynamics of the studied layers are complex,involving gravity flows,traction currents,and suspended deposition.Organic matter shows a significant correlation with transgressive-regressive cycle.The site DS-W16 contains two distinct gas hydrate reservoirs:a shallow reservoir(10-24 mbsf)and a deep reservoir(below 182 mbsf).The paleomarine environment influences gas hydrate accumulation by altering sedimentary processes and sediment characteristics,especially the distribution of biological components.Both shallow and deep gas hydrate reservoirs formed under dynamic conditions dominated by traction currents and are characterized by a higher abundance of foraminifera.Sedimentary layers rich in foraminifera and modified by traction currents represent key intervals for preferential gas hydrate accumulation.
文摘Central Sumatra,Indonesia,is historically known for its significant seismic activities,most notably the devastating 1883 earthquake.In this study,we measured the interseismic deformation using continuous GNSS observation data for three years from 2018 to 2021.5.The results show that the derived velocity fields indicate that the Central Sumatra deformation is primarily characterized by crustal strain shortening due to interaction between the India-Australian plate and the Sundaland plate.High strain values are observed along the Sumatran Fault Zone(SFZ),which is characterized by a history of significant seismic activity.Interseismic locking is divided into two segments.Segment A,located in the northern part of Siberut Island has an estimated moment magnitude of MW7.44 with a return period of200 years leading to a potential earthquake magnitude of MW8.98.Segment B in the southern part of Siberut Island has an estimated moment magnitude of MW7.26 with a return period of 200 years,resulting in a potential earthquake magnitude of MW8.79.The findings highlight critical seismic hazard implications,emphasizing the potential for a major earthquake in the Central Sumatra.
基金supported by grants from the Core Program grants of Guizhou Province,China(Grant No.QKHZDZXZ[2024]28)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects of China(Grant No.YQK[2023]008)the Guizhou Provincial Scientific and Technological Program(Grant No.QKHFQ[2024]004-1).
文摘Blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)is highly characterized by its nutritional value,with an extremely high anthocyanin content,and rabbiteye blueberry is widely grown across China.However,molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the high anthocyanin accumulation during the fruit development and colouration of rabbiteye blueberry fruit,have not yet been fully clarified so far.The fruit anthocyanin content of rabbiteye blueberry in the karstic area of Guizhou Province,China,is much higher compared to that in other regions,and the fruit colour is highly affected by anthocyanin accumulation.Currently,the untargeted metabolomics and HPLC assays have been carried out using rabbiteye blueberry fruit at various stages,and it was investigated that cyanidin(Cy)and pelargonidin(Pg)reached their peaks at the red fruit(RF)stage,whereas delphinidin(Dp),petudinin(Pt),malvidin(Mv),and peonidin(Pn)got their ceilings at the mature fruit(MF)stage.Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses showed that 27 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were associated with anthocyanin content,among which VdMYB56,belonging to the R2R3-MYB family,was markedly up-regulated during the development and colouration of fruit,and was significantly higher in the skin than in the pulp.Furthermore,VdMYB56-overexpressing tomato fruits demonstrated a substantial elevation in anthocyanin content on the 35th day after flowering(DAF).It was worth noting that VdMYB56 could directly bind to the promoter of Vd3GT to enhance its expression,thereby further strengthening the anthocyanin accumulation.Meantime,multiple assays verified that VdMYB69,an R2R3-MYB member,might interact with VdMYB56,leading to the promotion of VdMYB56 expression.Conclusively,the VdMYB56-VdMYB69 module is a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rabbiteye blueberry,which may provide new insights into high-anthocyanin breeding,particularly for the southern karstic regions.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200800)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(2024A1515030094)。
文摘Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to humans,and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group I carcinogen.Cadmium undergoes minimal metabolism in the human body;consequently,prolonged Cd^(2+)exposure can cause severe damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidneys,lungs,bones,and immune system(Shao et al.2024).Rice,one of the three global staple crops,and Cd exposure in humans primarily occurs the consumption of contaminated rice grains.The contribution of rice to the total dietary Cd intake is over 50% for non-smoking Asian populations(Chen et al.2018;Shi et al.2020).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374029,22175029,62474033,and W2433038)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220550)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0250)the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20210324135614040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.ZYGX2022J032).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,heat accumulation under continuous illumination remains a critical bottleneck,severely affecting device stability and long-term operational performance.Herein,we present a multifunctional strategy by incorporating highly thermally conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) MXene nanosheets into the perovskite layer to simultaneously enhance thermal management and optoelectronic properties.The Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets,embedded at perovskite grain boundaries,construct efficient thermal conduction pathways,significantly improving the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the film.This leads to a notable reduction in the device’s steady-state operating temperature from 42.96 to 39.97 under 100 mW cm^(−2) illumination,thereby alleviating heat-induced performance degradation.Beyond thermal regulation,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X),with high conductivity and negatively charged surface terminations,also serves as an effective defect passivation agent,reducing trap-assisted recombination,while simultaneously facilitating charge extraction and transport by optimizing interfacial energy alignment.As a result,the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC achieve a champion PCE of 25.13%and exhibit outstanding thermal stability,retaining 80%of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 and 30±5%relative humidity.(In contrast,control PSC retain only 58%after 200 h.)Moreover,under continuous maximum power point tracking in N2 atmosphere,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)-modified PSC retained 70%of the initial PCE after 500 h,whereas the control PSC drop sharply to 20%.These findings highlight the synergistic role of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) in thermal management and optoelectronic performance,paving the way for the development of high-efficiency and heat-resistant perovskite photovoltaics.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation supported by Yunnan Agricultural University(A3012024035044)International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42361144885).
文摘The establishment of plantations has become a critical approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions,particularly in fragile environments with carbon sequestration potential.In karst areas,plantations based on fastgrowing afforestation species made significant contributions to enhancing carbon sequestration.However,the impact of understory vegetation on carbon accumulation remains unclear.Especially,the carbon accumulation associated with litter produced during the replacement of understory species receives insufficient attention,which leads to the neglect of the carbon sequestration potential in plantations of karst areas.Leaf is a crucial organ that links the litter production.To explore how leaf traits adapt to competitive environments and drive litter carbon accumulation during understory species replacement,this study observed leaf traits and litter carbon content changes in three types of plantations in the Liujiang River Basin,a typical karst area.A total of 37 sampling plots were selected for field investigation over a twoyear period.Leaf traits,species diversity,vegetation coverage,and litter carbon characteristics in understory vegetation were measured.Variance analysis,allometric equations,and path analysis were used for data analysis.The results showed that most understory species adopted a biomass conservation strategy under high-coverage conditions(>44.27%)and expanded competitive leaf area under low-coverage conditions(<44.27%).However,Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus exhibited strong competitiveness during understory species replacement.They showed an expansion of competitive leaf area under high-coverage conditions.This competitive strategy reduced species diversity and community specific leaf area.But the rapid expansion of Bidens pilosa and Miscanthus floridulus increased understory vegetation coverage,and their increased specific leaf area facilitated leaf shedding,resulting in significant litter weight accumulation(P<0.05),thereby enhancing litter carbon content per unit area.These competitive strategies were key driving factors for the increase in litter carbon content per square meter,which reached a maximum of 49.6% higher than that in natural grasslands.And the maximum increase in litter carbon accumulation derived from understory vegetation reached 3.37 times from 2023 to 2024 in plantations.In the understory vegetation of plantations,the competitive strategies reflected by leaf adaptation of key competitive species are critical factors influencing litter carbon accumulation.Future research could deeply explore the carbon sequestration effects resulting from the dynamic changes in competition within the understory vegetation of plantations.
基金supported by the director of Indian Council of Agricultural Research and International Rice Research Institute (ICAR-CRRI), Cuttack, Indiathe coordinator of the ICAR-sponsored project ‘C-reactive protein (CRP) in Biofortification in Selected Crops’, India
文摘CR Dhan 310(CRD310),a biofortified rice variety,contains a significantly higher level of grain protein compared with its recurrent parent Naveen(NV),as well as most adapted high-yielding rice varieties in India.Although a limited investigation depicted that CRD310 contained higher levels of glutelin and some essential amino acids,detailed biochemical,molecular,and cellular mechanisms remain to be studied.As one of the means to identify the proteins and understand the underlying mechanism of higher proteins accumulation in grains of CRD310,the comparative proteomics was undertaken on grains of CRD310 and NV at the yellow ripening stage.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1901203 and 2021YFD1901204)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0440404)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377348)the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,China(2024JJ2052)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(2025GXNSFAA069337)。
文摘Rapidly improving infertile croplands and enhancing their soil organic carbon(SOC)pool necessitate substantial organic materials incorporation.Converting loose crop straw into granulated form facilitates uniform incorporation within the plough soil layer.As an innovative soil amelioration approach,the efficiency and patterns of SOC accumulation remain unclear.Two field experiments were conducted in infertile subtropical upland and paddy soils with 0,30,60,and 90 Mg ha^(-1)granulated straw incorporation.After one year,SOC accumulation efficiency from straw input remained stable in upland(30.8–37.5%)with increasing amounts of straw incorporation,while declined from 60.0 to 38.3%in paddy.In both croplands,the contributions of lignin phenols to SOC increased with increasing straw incorporation,while the contributions from amino sugars remained constant at higher straw input levels.Subsequently,the ratios of lignin phenols to amino sugars increased with increasing straw incorporation,indicating faster plant residue accumulation compared to microbial necromass,as the granulation approach limited microbial involvement in straw transformation.Thus,single-time incorporation of substantial granulated straw presents an effective agricultural strategy for rapid amelioration of infertile croplands.
