专家共识作为临床实践指南的重要补充,在证据不足或存在争议时支持临床决策。与临床实践指南相比,专家共识的呈现更具有多样性。目前,尚无针对临床和公共卫生决策的专家共识报告规范(reporting guideline)。RIGHT(Reporting Items for P...专家共识作为临床实践指南的重要补充,在证据不足或存在争议时支持临床决策。与临床实践指南相比,专家共识的呈现更具有多样性。目前,尚无针对临床和公共卫生决策的专家共识报告规范(reporting guideline)。RIGHT(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare)清单是目前国际最常用的指南报告规范,常用于专家共识的写作参考。然而,RIGHT清单不包括共识形成方法的部分;而ACCORD(ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document)清单虽然包含共识形成方法的报告要求,但不包含推荐意见的报告规范。因此,本文综合RIGHT和ACCORD两个报告清单,提出综合记忆框架(TIMER-DO),帮助作者综合两部国际通用的报告规范,完成专家共识的规范化报告。展开更多
高血糖是心血管系统的重要危险因素,而心血管死亡则是2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetesmellitus,T2DM)患者的主要归宿。因此,有效预防心血管合并症被视为治疗糖尿病的主要目标。由于高血压与血脂异常亦对心血管系统具有严重危害,因而对于T2DM...高血糖是心血管系统的重要危险因素,而心血管死亡则是2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetesmellitus,T2DM)患者的主要归宿。因此,有效预防心血管合并症被视为治疗糖尿病的主要目标。由于高血压与血脂异常亦对心血管系统具有严重危害,因而对于T2DM患者除了积极控制血糖水平外,还应对并存的高血压与血脂紊乱进行有效干预,以最大限度改善其心血管系统预后。近年来揭晓的一系列大型临床试验为糖尿病的综合防治策略注入了大量新理念,其中控制糖尿病心血管风险行动(action to controlcardiovascular risk in diabetes,ACCORD)研究结论更为我们提供了诸多值得思考的重要信息。展开更多
The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of the following delegations present at United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen:(List of Parties)
The Israeli-PLO accord will have significant repercussions in the Middle East.By initial observation, one can discern the emergence of the following ten-dencies: 1. The Arab-Israeli relations will tend to relax hut th...The Israeli-PLO accord will have significant repercussions in the Middle East.By initial observation, one can discern the emergence of the following ten-dencies: 1. The Arab-Israeli relations will tend to relax hut the contradictions betweenthem are far from being resolved. The Israeli-PLO accord has given impetus toother Middle East countries in their negotiations with one another. Directly in itsfootsteps, Jordan and Israel signed an agreement on "The Bilateral Nogotiations Is-rael-Jordan Track Common Agenda" in Washington the next day. Syria and展开更多
The conclusion of the Israeli-PLO accord has deep-rooted international and do-mestic causes. 1. The international political circumstances have become favourable for peace-ful settlement of disputes. As a result of the...The conclusion of the Israeli-PLO accord has deep-rooted international and do-mestic causes. 1. The international political circumstances have become favourable for peace-ful settlement of disputes. As a result of the disintegration of the former Soviet U-nion and the end of the Cold War, the rivalry between the two superpowers overthe Arab-Israeli dispute has ceased to be. The US and Russia have both changedtheir strategies for the Middle East from making use of local contradictions to join-展开更多
Judging from the international circumstances and the balance of strength be-tween the forces for and against peace in the Middle East, the short-rangeobjective of the accord will be realized, i. e., limited self-gover...Judging from the international circumstances and the balance of strength be-tween the forces for and against peace in the Middle East, the short-rangeobjective of the accord will be realized, i. e., limited self-government for the PLO.the reasons for this are as follows: 1. The international community, most Middle East countries and the majorityof Jews and Palestinians all support the accord. After the declaration of the conclu-sion of the accord, most member countries of the United Nations, including展开更多
文摘专家共识作为临床实践指南的重要补充,在证据不足或存在争议时支持临床决策。与临床实践指南相比,专家共识的呈现更具有多样性。目前,尚无针对临床和公共卫生决策的专家共识报告规范(reporting guideline)。RIGHT(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare)清单是目前国际最常用的指南报告规范,常用于专家共识的写作参考。然而,RIGHT清单不包括共识形成方法的部分;而ACCORD(ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document)清单虽然包含共识形成方法的报告要求,但不包含推荐意见的报告规范。因此,本文综合RIGHT和ACCORD两个报告清单,提出综合记忆框架(TIMER-DO),帮助作者综合两部国际通用的报告规范,完成专家共识的规范化报告。
文摘高血糖是心血管系统的重要危险因素,而心血管死亡则是2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetesmellitus,T2DM)患者的主要归宿。因此,有效预防心血管合并症被视为治疗糖尿病的主要目标。由于高血压与血脂异常亦对心血管系统具有严重危害,因而对于T2DM患者除了积极控制血糖水平外,还应对并存的高血压与血脂紊乱进行有效干预,以最大限度改善其心血管系统预后。近年来揭晓的一系列大型临床试验为糖尿病的综合防治策略注入了大量新理念,其中控制糖尿病心血管风险行动(action to controlcardiovascular risk in diabetes,ACCORD)研究结论更为我们提供了诸多值得思考的重要信息。
文摘The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of the following delegations present at United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen:(List of Parties)
文摘The Israeli-PLO accord will have significant repercussions in the Middle East.By initial observation, one can discern the emergence of the following ten-dencies: 1. The Arab-Israeli relations will tend to relax hut the contradictions betweenthem are far from being resolved. The Israeli-PLO accord has given impetus toother Middle East countries in their negotiations with one another. Directly in itsfootsteps, Jordan and Israel signed an agreement on "The Bilateral Nogotiations Is-rael-Jordan Track Common Agenda" in Washington the next day. Syria and
文摘The conclusion of the Israeli-PLO accord has deep-rooted international and do-mestic causes. 1. The international political circumstances have become favourable for peace-ful settlement of disputes. As a result of the disintegration of the former Soviet U-nion and the end of the Cold War, the rivalry between the two superpowers overthe Arab-Israeli dispute has ceased to be. The US and Russia have both changedtheir strategies for the Middle East from making use of local contradictions to join-
文摘Judging from the international circumstances and the balance of strength be-tween the forces for and against peace in the Middle East, the short-rangeobjective of the accord will be realized, i. e., limited self-government for the PLO.the reasons for this are as follows: 1. The international community, most Middle East countries and the majorityof Jews and Palestinians all support the accord. After the declaration of the conclu-sion of the accord, most member countries of the United Nations, including
