Safety of underground ammunition storage is an important issue,especially during the accidental ignition of missiles.This work investigates the pressure and temperature distribution of the multi-layer underground ammu...Safety of underground ammunition storage is an important issue,especially during the accidental ignition of missiles.This work investigates the pressure and temperature distribution of the multi-layer underground ammunition storage with a pressure relief duct during the accidental ignition process of the missile.A large-scale experiment was carried out using a multi-layered restricted space with a pressure relief duct to simulate the underground ammunition store and a solid rocket motor to simulate the accidental ignition of the missile.The results show that when the motor gas mass flow increased by5.6 times,the maximum pressure of the ammunition storage increased by 5.87 times.At a certain motor flow rate,when the pressure relief exhaust area at the end of the relief duct was reduced by 1/2,the maximum pressure on the first layer did not change.But the rate of pressure relief was reduced and the time delayed for the pressure of ammunition store to drop to zero.In this experiment,when the motor ignition position was located in to the third layer ammunition chamber,the maximum pressure was reduced by 32.9%and also reduced the rate of change of pressure.In addition,for the experimental conditions,the theoretical analysis of the pressure relief of the ammunition storage is given by a simplified model.Based on the findings,some suggestions to the safety protection design of ammunition store are proposed.展开更多
Accidental eccentricity is a non-standard assumption for seismic design of tall buildings. Taking it into consideration requires reanalysis of seismic resistance, which requires either time consuming computation of na...Accidental eccentricity is a non-standard assumption for seismic design of tall buildings. Taking it into consideration requires reanalysis of seismic resistance, which requires either time consuming computation of natural vibration of eccentric structures or finding a static displacement solution by applying an approximated equivalent torsional moment for each eccentric case. This study proposes an alternative modal response spectrum analysis （MRSA） approach to calculate seismic responses with accidental eccentricity. The proposed approach, called the Rayleigh Ritz Projection-MRSA （RRP-MRSA）, is developed based on MRSA and two strategies： （a） a RRf＂ method to obtain a fast calculation of approximate modes of eccentric structures; and （b） an approach to assemble mass matrices of eccentric structures. The efficiency of RRP-MRSA is tested via engineering examples and compared with the standard MRSA （ST-MRSA） and one approximate method, i.e., the equivalent torsional moment hybrid MRSA （ETM-MRSA）. Numerical results show that RRP-MRSA not only achieves almost the same precision as ST-MRSA, and is much better than ETM-MRSA, but is also more economical. Thus, RRP-MRSA can be in place of current accidental eccentricity computations in seismic design.展开更多
Background: After the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report To Err Is Human highlighted the impact of medical errors, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) developed Patient-Safety Indicators(PSI) to improv...Background: After the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report To Err Is Human highlighted the impact of medical errors, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) developed Patient-Safety Indicators(PSI) to improve quality by identifying potential inpatient safety problems. PSI-15 was created to study accidental punctures and lacerations(APL), but PSI-15 may underestimate APLs in populations of patients. This study compares PSI-15 with a more inclusive approach using a novel composite of secondary diagnostic and procedural codes. Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS) data(20 0 0–2012) from AHRQ’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project(H-CUP). We analyzed PSI-15-positive and-negative cholecystectomies. Cross tabulations identified codes that were significantly more frequent among PSI-15-positive cases; these secondary diagnostic and procedural codes were selected as candidate members of a composite marker(CM) of APL. We chose cholecystectomy patients for study because this is one of the most common general operations, and the large size of NIS allows for meaningful analysis of infrequent occurrences such as APL rates. Results: CM identified 1.13 times more APLs than did PSI-15. Patients with CM-detected APLs were significantly older and had worse mortality, comorbidities, lengths of stay, and charges than those detected with PSI-15. Further comparison of these two approaches revealed that time-series analysis for both APL markers revealed parallel trends, with inflections in 2007, and lowest APL rates in July. Conclusions: Although CM may yield more false positives, it appears more inclusive, identifying more clinically significant APLs, than PSI-15. Both measures presented similar trends over time, arguing against inflation in PSI-15 reporting. While arguably less specific, CM may increase sensitivity for detecting APL events during cholecystectomies. These results may inform the interpretation of other large population studies of APLs following abdominal operations.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Petroleum ingestion is a health pro...<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Petroleum ingestion is a health problem in Africa and can be responsible for significant mortality. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Improving the management </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of accidental petroleum ingestion in children, describe the socio-demographic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of children hospitalized for accidental ingestion of petroleum and identify the factors asso</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciated with the occurrence of petroleum pneumopathy. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Me</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study with retrospective collection from January 2016 to December 2015, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in 24 months in the Pediatric Intensive Care and Infant Pediatrics departments at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. We included children who accidentally ingested petroleum. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, radiological and evolutionary. The statistical tests used were Pearson’s Chi</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and Odds ratio. The materiality threshold was set at 5%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Out of 8013 children hospitalized, 78 (1%) had accidentally ingested petroleum, including 49 (62.8%) boys and 29 (37.3%) girls with an average age of 20 months. They were between 13 and 30 months old n = 44 (56.4%). The mothers were between 25 and 35 years old n = 49 (62.8%), no profession n = 31 (39.7%) and secondary </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">education level n = 49 (62.8%). The mode of ingestion was self-ingestion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (75.6%). The place of occurrence was the family home (92.3%). The motive of admission was breathlessness n = 59 (75.6%). An auscultation anomaly was noted n = 46 (59%), a pneumopathy n = 43 (55.1%). The treatment consisted of oxy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gen therapy n = 51 (65.4%), antibiotic therapy n = 70 (89.7%). The factors</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> associated with the occurrence of a pneumopathy were: maneuvers performed and the existence of a cough. The lethality was 3.8%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The high frequency of accidental petroleum ingestions in children with an outcome often marked by pulmonary complications and the related case fatality rate requires primary preventive measures that rely on information, communication </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for behavior change with an emphasis on careful storage of toxic products </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and to refrain from harmful actions when faced with petroleum intoxication.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
BACKGROUND Children like to discover their environment by putting substances in their mouths.This behavior puts them at risk of accidentally ingesting foreign bodies(FBs)or harmful materials,which can cause serious mo...BACKGROUND Children like to discover their environment by putting substances in their mouths.This behavior puts them at risk of accidentally ingesting foreign bodies(FBs)or harmful materials,which can cause serious morbidities.AIM To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,complications,management,and outcomes of accidental ingestion of FBs,caustics,and medications in children.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted for accidental ingestion to the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between 2011 and 2021.Demographic data,type of FB/harmful material ingested,and investigations used for diagnosis and management were recorded.The patients were divided into three groups based on the type of ingested material(FBs,caustics,and medications).The three groups were compared based on patient demographics,socioeconomic status(SES),symptoms,ingestion scenario,endoscopic and surgical complications,management,and outcomes.The FB anatomical location was categorized as the esophagus,stomach,and bowel and compared with respect to symptoms.The Fisher’s exact,Pearson’s χ^(2),Mann-Whitney U,and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison.RESULTS A total of 161 accidental ingestion episodes were documented in 153 children.Most children were boys(n=85,55.6%),with a median age of 2.8(interquartile range:1.8-4.4)years.Most participants ingested FBs(n=108,70.6%),31(20.3%)ingested caustics,and the remaining 14(9.2%)ingested medications.Patients with caustic ingestion were younger at the time of presentation(P<0.001)and were more symptomatic(n=26/31,89.7%)than those who ingested medications(n=8/14,57.1%)or FBs(n=52/108,48.6%)(P<0.001).The caustic group had more vomiting(P<0.001)and coughing(P=0.029)than the other groups.Most FB ingestions were asymptomatic(n=55/108,51.4%).In terms of FB location,most esophageal FBs were symptomatic(n=14/16,87.5%),whereas most gastric(n=34/56,60.7%)and intestinal FBs(n=19/32,59.4%)were asymptomatic(P=0.002).Battery ingestion was the most common(n=49,32%).Unsafe toys were the main source of batteries(n=22/43,51.2%).Most episodes occurred while playing(n=49/131,37.4%)or when they were unwitnessed(n=78,57.4%).FBs were ingested more while playing(P<0.001),caustic ingestion was mainly due to unsafe storage(P<0.001),and medication ingestion was mostly due to a missing object(P<0.001).Girls ingested more jewelry items than boys(P=0.006).The stomach was the common location of FB lodgment,both radiologically(n=54/123,43.9%)and endoscopically(n=31/91,34%).Of 107/108(99.1%)patients with FB ingestion,spontaneous passage was noted in 54(35.5%),endoscopic removal in 46(30.3%),laparotomy in 5(3.3%)after magnet ingestion,and direct laryngoscopy in 2(1.3%).Pharmacological therapy was required for 105(70.9%)patients;79/105(75.2%)in the FB group,22/29(75.9%)in the caustic group,and 4/14(28.8%)in the medication group(P=0.001).Omeprazole was the commonly used(n=58;37.9%)and was used more in the caustic group(n=19/28,67.9%)than in the other groups(P=0.001).Endoscopic and surgical complications were detected in 39/148(26.4%)patients.The caustic group had more complications than the other groups(P=0.036).Gastrointestinal perforation developed in the FB group only(n=5,3.4%)and was more with magnet ingestion(n=4)than with other FBs(P<0.001).In patients with FB ingestion,patients aged<1 year(P=0.042),those with middle or low SES(P=0.028),and those with more symptoms at presentation(P=0.027)had more complications.Patients with complications had longer hospital stays(P<0.001)than those without.CONCLUSION Accidental ingestion in children is a serious condition.Symptomatic infants from middle or low SES families have the highest morbidity.Prevention through parental education and government legislation is crucial.展开更多
To explore college students'understanding and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance,and to analyse the factors influencing college students'awareness and satisfaction of internet accidental inju...To explore college students'understanding and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance,and to analyse the factors influencing college students'awareness and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance.836 college students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified random sampling.They were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire"College Students'Cognition of Internet Accidental Injury Insurance(CSCIAII)".29.67%,52.18%,10.13%and 8.02%of the college students didn't know,knew a little,knew relatively well and knew very well about internet accidental injury insurance,respectively.The percentage of college students who were very satisfied with the internet accidental injury insurance,thought the internet accidental injury insurance basically met their own needs,think it was acceptable but needed to be improved,did not agree with and were not satisfied with it at all were 9.55%,16.82%,47.73%,11.82%and 14.09%,respectively.College Students’awareness of insurance is weak,and they do not pay enough attention to accidental injury insurance.The design,publicity and sale strategies of internet insurance products may be important factors affecting college students'understanding and satisfaction with internet accidental injury insurance.展开更多
This study analyzed postural balance in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and its relationship to accidental falls. A quantitative and quasi-experimental method was used in a sample of 43 elderlies between 64...This study analyzed postural balance in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and its relationship to accidental falls. A quantitative and quasi-experimental method was used in a sample of 43 elderlies between 64 and 88 years old, mostly females. Data collection was performed in two Basic Health Units in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2014. The instruments used were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Tinetti scale, Motor Scale for the Elderly (EMTI) scale, and Elderly Falls Diary. The data were analyzed with the SAS statistical software version 9.3.1. The scales were applied before and after the psychomotor interventions. A significant difference was observed between the evaluating moments. Balance improvements were observed in all age groups, suggesting that all elderlies, regardless of age, showed satisfactory responses to the implemented psychomotor activities. The elderlies who fell more frequently were those between 60 and 69 years old. It is noteworthy that the age group with the lowest incidence of falls was that of elderlies between 70 and 79 years old. It was concluded that psychomotor activities are beneficial, regardless of age, proving their effectiveness when continued stimuli with cognitive and psychomotor activities are carried out.展开更多
The fire causes water pollution, air pollution and toxic gas pollution to our surrounding environment, and it seriously affects our living environment. People's awareness of environmental protection is increasing ...The fire causes water pollution, air pollution and toxic gas pollution to our surrounding environment, and it seriously affects our living environment. People's awareness of environmental protection is increasing year by year, and environmental pollution caused by the fire is also being controlled. This article briefly introduces the fire accident's impact on the environment, the systematic analysis of the fire accident in the source of pollution and its harm. Combined with the existing way of fire fighting and rescue fire accident, the pollution control method is proposed.展开更多
Objective:To understand the general information of adolescent girls with unplanned pregnancy and the information about abortion and reproductive health knowledge,analyze the influencing factors of unplanned pregnancy ...Objective:To understand the general information of adolescent girls with unplanned pregnancy and the information about abortion and reproductive health knowledge,analyze the influencing factors of unplanned pregnancy and explore the preventive measures.Methods:Using epidemiological investigation method,the adolescent females(age<19 years old)who volunteered requested pain deprivation in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were examined by questionnaire with informed consultation,and the results were analyzed.Results:After screening,98 valid questionnaires were received.The average age of girls were 16.81 years old,and the youngest was 13 years old.Employed girls accounted for 54.0%,students for 23.5%and unemployed people for 22.5%.Non-eamers accounted for 38.8%,and those with monthly income less than 3,000 yuan accounted for 86.8%.78.6 of those aged 16-18 had sex for the first time.The age of first sexual intercourse<15 years old accounted for 21.4%・The first abortion patients accounted for 84.7%,repeated abortion accounted for 15.3%.years old accounted for 19.05%.First abortion in the age<15 There was no statistical difference between the reproductive health knowledge mastery score and the family economic status,parents*12*5 occupation,parents'marital status,parents5 sex education(P>0.05).The score of reproductive health knowledge was statistically different from that of school sex education and hospital sex education(P<0.05).Conclusions:The primary cause of unintended pregnancy is the lack of knowledge of contraception and reproductive health.Schools and hospitals are effective in sex education for adolescent girls.Relevant government departments,schools,families and hospitals should pay more attention to sex education and strengthen efforts to improve the quality of education,so as to further reduce the harm caused by accidental pregnancy of adolescent girls.展开更多
Introduction: Though common in society, caustic accidental ingestion is rare in the agricultural industry. This study describes a case of ingestion of nitric acid used as an agricultural fertilizer by an ordinary work...Introduction: Though common in society, caustic accidental ingestion is rare in the agricultural industry. This study describes a case of ingestion of nitric acid used as an agricultural fertilizer by an ordinary worker at the Société de Cultures Légumières. Clinical Case: This is a 33-year-old unschooled woman who ingested a sip of nitric acid from an abandoned labelled acid canister near a farming plot of land. She showed a burn of the oral cavity with a bleeding tablecloth and an intense retrosternal pain. The duodenal oesophagus fibroscopy screening that was carried out 18 hours after the accident, revealed an esophagitis class 2b. The tests revealed no anomalies. Fifteen (15) days after the accident, the FOGD was normal. Following an 8-month-follow up, no signs of stenosis or degeneration were noted. Conclusion: The accidental ingestion of nitric acid is rare in adult. Its treatment is mainly symptomatic and aims at preserving vital functions without directly fighting the ingested substance off. The right actions must be integrated into the 15-minute Health and Safety awarenesssessions for optimum pre-hospital management. The hospital evaluation is mandatory and is carried out thanks to the digestive endoscopy, which is still relevant in this indication, but is completed by the thoraco-abdominal CT. The latter is very sensitive the transmural necrosis diagnosis.展开更多
Objective: to consider the clinical value of elastic bandage in reducing the accidental shedding of deep venous temporary dialysis catheter. Methods: 200 patients received during Jan., 2019- Jan., 2020 and 200 patient...Objective: to consider the clinical value of elastic bandage in reducing the accidental shedding of deep venous temporary dialysis catheter. Methods: 200 patients received during Jan., 2019- Jan., 2020 and 200 patients received during Feb., 2020-Feb., 2022 were fixed by the pressure-sensitive tape and by the elastic bandage. Then, the risk of accidental loss is of intravenous temporary dialysis catheter in the 2 groups. Results: in the control group, 4 patients fell off accidentally, accounting for 2.00% and 0 cases, accounting for 0.00%. When the two groups were very different, there were obvious statistical advantages, P 0.05. Conclusion: elastic bandage can greatly reduce the risk of deep vein catheter accidental loss, reduce the emergence of some adverse reactions during treatment, but also can avoid skin allergies, gradually enhance the clinical comfort of patients, thus showing the strong humanized service characteristics. Therefore, this is a relatively human and safe and effective fixed method, is worth widely used in clinical practice.展开更多
After the abuse of POWs and prisoners by US army in Iraq was brought to the day light in May, the worldwide denunciation silenced what the US was bragging about its support for human rights. The inhumane and brutal me...After the abuse of POWs and prisoners by US army in Iraq was brought to the day light in May, the worldwide denunciation silenced what the US was bragging about its support for human rights. The inhumane and brutal means used by the US army to torture Iraqi POWs and prisoners have gone to an alarming proportion. Photographs published show American soldiers—men and women—smiling, laughing or giving thumbs-up signs alongside naked Iraqi prisoners, exposing the sadistic and brutal methods employed by American forces and providing more evi-展开更多
In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-b...In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.展开更多
Estimate of the Deterministic Neutron RBE for Radiation-induced Pseudo-Pelger Huët Cell Formation R.E.Goans1,2,C.J.Iddins1,R.E.Goans,Jr.3(1.Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site,Oak Ridge,TN;2.MJW C...Estimate of the Deterministic Neutron RBE for Radiation-induced Pseudo-Pelger Huët Cell Formation R.E.Goans1,2,C.J.Iddins1,R.E.Goans,Jr.3(1.Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site,Oak Ridge,TN;2.MJW Corporation,Amherst,NY;3.LMU Debusk School of Medicine,Harrogate,TN)Abstract:Using archival peripheral blood slides from radiation accident patients,we have recently described the pseudo-Pelger Huët anomaly(PPHA)in neutrophils as a new radiation-induced biomarker,useful for dosimetry not only immediately after a radiation incident but also potentially helpful as a tool in retrospective dosimetry.展开更多
Purpose–This study aims to enhance the accuracy of key entity extraction from railway accident report texts and address challenges such as complex domain-specific semantics,data sparsity and strong inter-sentence sem...Purpose–This study aims to enhance the accuracy of key entity extraction from railway accident report texts and address challenges such as complex domain-specific semantics,data sparsity and strong inter-sentence semantic dependencies.A robust entity extraction method tailored for accident texts is proposed.Design/methodology/approach–This method is implemented through a dual-branch multi-task mutual learning model named R-MLP,which jointly performs entity recognition and accident phase classification.The model leverages a shared BERT encoder to extract contextual features and incorporates a sentence span indexing module to align feature granularity.A cross-task mutual learning mechanism is also introduced to strengthen semantic representation.Findings–R-MLP effectively mitigates the impact of semantic complexity and data sparsity in domain entities and enhances the model’s ability to capture inter-sentence semantic dependencies.Experimental results show that R-MLP achieves a maximum F1-score of 0.736 in extracting six types of key railway accident entities,significantly outperforming baseline models such as RoBERTa and MacBERT.Originality/value–This demonstrates the proposed method’s superior generalization and accuracy in domainspecific entity extraction tasks,confirming its effectiveness and practical value.展开更多
A literature review on AI applications in the field of railway safety shows that the implemented approaches mainly concern the operational,maintenance,and feedback phases following railway incidents or accidents.These...A literature review on AI applications in the field of railway safety shows that the implemented approaches mainly concern the operational,maintenance,and feedback phases following railway incidents or accidents.These approaches exploit railway safety data once the transport system has received authorization for commissioning.However,railway standards and regulations require the development of a safety management system(SMS)from the specification and design phases of the railway system.This article proposes a new AI approach for analyzing and assessing safety from the specification and design phases of the railway system with a view to improving the development of the SMS.Unlike some learning methods,the proposed approach,which is dedicated in particular to safety assessment bodies,is based on semi-supervised learning carried out in close collaboration with safety experts who contributed to the development of a database of potential accident scenarios(learning example database)relating to the risk of rail collision.The proposed decision support is based on the use of an expert system whose knowledge base is automatically generated by inductive learning in the form of an association rule(rule base)and whose main objective is to suggest to the safety expert possible hazards not considered during the development of the SMS to complete the initial hazard register.展开更多
1 Martin Hibbert was a survivor of a serious accident.During the incident,Martin's spine(脊柱)was seriously hurt but he was fortunate to be alive.Despite this spinal cord injury(SCI),Martin was determined to turn ...1 Martin Hibbert was a survivor of a serious accident.During the incident,Martin's spine(脊柱)was seriously hurt but he was fortunate to be alive.Despite this spinal cord injury(SCI),Martin was determined to turn tragedy into something good.展开更多
City of Muskogee Animal Control Supervisor Phil Blair is known for his devotion to animals,but his quick thinking this week took that commitment to a whole new level-saving the life of an unborn baby deer after a trag...City of Muskogee Animal Control Supervisor Phil Blair is known for his devotion to animals,but his quick thinking this week took that commitment to a whole new level-saving the life of an unborn baby deer after a tragic accident.Blair was called to the scene of a deer struck by a car.Upon arrival,he found the mother deer had suffered four broken legs and sadly had to be put down to prevent further suffering.展开更多
Accident detection plays a critical role in improving traffic safety by enabling timely emergency response and reducing the impact of road incidents.The main challenge lies in achieving real-time,reliable and highly a...Accident detection plays a critical role in improving traffic safety by enabling timely emergency response and reducing the impact of road incidents.The main challenge lies in achieving real-time,reliable and highly accurate detection across diverse Internet-of-vehicles(IoV)environments.To overcome this challenge,this paper leverages deep learning to automatically learn patterns from visual data to detect accidents with high accuracy.A visual classification model based on the ResNet-50 architecture is presented for distinguishing between accident and non-accident images.The model is trained and tested on a labeled dataset and achieves an overall accuracy of 91.84%,with a precision of 94%,recall of 90.38%,and an F1-score of 92.14%.Training behavior is observed over 100 epochs,where the model has shown rapid accuracy gains and loss reduction within the first 30 epochs,followed by gradual stabilization.Accuracy plateaues between 90−93%,and loss values remain consistent between 0.1 and 0.2 in later stages.To understand the effect of training strategy,the model is optimized using three different algorithms,namely,SGD,Adam,and Adadelta with all showing effective performance,though with varied convergence patterns.Further,to test its effectiveness,the proposed model is compared with existing models.In the end,the problems encountered in implementing the model in practical automotive settings and offered solutions are discussed.The results support the reliability of the approach and its suitability for real-time traffic safety applications.展开更多
As lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)continue to evolve toward lower costs and higher energy densities,their potential safety risks have become increasingly apparent.Incidents such as explosions at energy storage facilities,...As lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)continue to evolve toward lower costs and higher energy densities,their potential safety risks have become increasingly apparent.Incidents such as explosions at energy storage facilities,fires in electric vehicles,and building fires ignited by charging two-wheeled vehicles have been occurring with alarming frequency,often resulting in significant casualties and injuries.Conducting indepth investigations into thermal runaway(TR)incidents in LIBs can significantly reduce the risk of future occurrences.However,current investigations into LIB fire and explosion incidents face challenges due to the difficulty of conducting in-depth analyses and the lack of a robust theoretical framework to guide these investigations.To enhance the effectiveness of in-depth investigations into battery fire and explosion incidents and to address the lack of theoretical guidance,this paper is the first to systematically examine the conservation and flow patterns of elements during the TR process of LIBs.The analysis reveals that during TR,the gas products generated include approximately 1.5 g of H_(2),23.6 g of CO,88.4 g of CO_(2),8.9 g of C_(2)H_(4),7.3 g of CH_(4),3.7 g of C_(2)H_(6),and 82 g of electrolyte vapor.After TR,the solid compounds formed consist of approximately 2.5 g of LiF,29–92.2 g of elemental Ni/Co/Mn,11.4 g of Li_(2)CO_(3),200.6 g of graphite,1.4 g of NiO,29.6 g of MnO,30.1 g of CoO,67 g of elemental Cu,0.03 g of LiNiO_(2),and 4.3 g of LiAlO_(2).Importantly,the energy released from reactions forming solid compounds during TR surpasses that from gas-forming reactions.This investigation represents the first application of Hess’s law to verify the conservation of elements during the TR process of lithium-ion batteries.The proposed methodology is also applicable to other types of energy storage batteries,effectively advancing techniques for comprehensively investigating lithium battery fire and explosion incidents.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:NSFC11572095)。
文摘Safety of underground ammunition storage is an important issue,especially during the accidental ignition of missiles.This work investigates the pressure and temperature distribution of the multi-layer underground ammunition storage with a pressure relief duct during the accidental ignition process of the missile.A large-scale experiment was carried out using a multi-layered restricted space with a pressure relief duct to simulate the underground ammunition store and a solid rocket motor to simulate the accidental ignition of the missile.The results show that when the motor gas mass flow increased by5.6 times,the maximum pressure of the ammunition storage increased by 5.87 times.At a certain motor flow rate,when the pressure relief exhaust area at the end of the relief duct was reduced by 1/2,the maximum pressure on the first layer did not change.But the rate of pressure relief was reduced and the time delayed for the pressure of ammunition store to drop to zero.In this experiment,when the motor ignition position was located in to the third layer ammunition chamber,the maximum pressure was reduced by 32.9%and also reduced the rate of change of pressure.In addition,for the experimental conditions,the theoretical analysis of the pressure relief of the ammunition storage is given by a simplified model.Based on the findings,some suggestions to the safety protection design of ammunition store are proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10972005National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2007CB714603
文摘Accidental eccentricity is a non-standard assumption for seismic design of tall buildings. Taking it into consideration requires reanalysis of seismic resistance, which requires either time consuming computation of natural vibration of eccentric structures or finding a static displacement solution by applying an approximated equivalent torsional moment for each eccentric case. This study proposes an alternative modal response spectrum analysis （MRSA） approach to calculate seismic responses with accidental eccentricity. The proposed approach, called the Rayleigh Ritz Projection-MRSA （RRP-MRSA）, is developed based on MRSA and two strategies： （a） a RRf＂ method to obtain a fast calculation of approximate modes of eccentric structures; and （b） an approach to assemble mass matrices of eccentric structures. The efficiency of RRP-MRSA is tested via engineering examples and compared with the standard MRSA （ST-MRSA） and one approximate method, i.e., the equivalent torsional moment hybrid MRSA （ETM-MRSA）. Numerical results show that RRP-MRSA not only achieves almost the same precision as ST-MRSA, and is much better than ETM-MRSA, but is also more economical. Thus, RRP-MRSA can be in place of current accidental eccentricity computations in seismic design.
文摘Background: After the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report To Err Is Human highlighted the impact of medical errors, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) developed Patient-Safety Indicators(PSI) to improve quality by identifying potential inpatient safety problems. PSI-15 was created to study accidental punctures and lacerations(APL), but PSI-15 may underestimate APLs in populations of patients. This study compares PSI-15 with a more inclusive approach using a novel composite of secondary diagnostic and procedural codes. Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS) data(20 0 0–2012) from AHRQ’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project(H-CUP). We analyzed PSI-15-positive and-negative cholecystectomies. Cross tabulations identified codes that were significantly more frequent among PSI-15-positive cases; these secondary diagnostic and procedural codes were selected as candidate members of a composite marker(CM) of APL. We chose cholecystectomy patients for study because this is one of the most common general operations, and the large size of NIS allows for meaningful analysis of infrequent occurrences such as APL rates. Results: CM identified 1.13 times more APLs than did PSI-15. Patients with CM-detected APLs were significantly older and had worse mortality, comorbidities, lengths of stay, and charges than those detected with PSI-15. Further comparison of these two approaches revealed that time-series analysis for both APL markers revealed parallel trends, with inflections in 2007, and lowest APL rates in July. Conclusions: Although CM may yield more false positives, it appears more inclusive, identifying more clinically significant APLs, than PSI-15. Both measures presented similar trends over time, arguing against inflation in PSI-15 reporting. While arguably less specific, CM may increase sensitivity for detecting APL events during cholecystectomies. These results may inform the interpretation of other large population studies of APLs following abdominal operations.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Petroleum ingestion is a health problem in Africa and can be responsible for significant mortality. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objectives: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Improving the management </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of accidental petroleum ingestion in children, describe the socio-demographic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of children hospitalized for accidental ingestion of petroleum and identify the factors asso</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciated with the occurrence of petroleum pneumopathy. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Me</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study with retrospective collection from January 2016 to December 2015, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in 24 months in the Pediatric Intensive Care and Infant Pediatrics departments at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. We included children who accidentally ingested petroleum. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, radiological and evolutionary. The statistical tests used were Pearson’s Chi</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and Odds ratio. The materiality threshold was set at 5%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Out of 8013 children hospitalized, 78 (1%) had accidentally ingested petroleum, including 49 (62.8%) boys and 29 (37.3%) girls with an average age of 20 months. They were between 13 and 30 months old n = 44 (56.4%). The mothers were between 25 and 35 years old n = 49 (62.8%), no profession n = 31 (39.7%) and secondary </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">education level n = 49 (62.8%). The mode of ingestion was self-ingestion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (75.6%). The place of occurrence was the family home (92.3%). The motive of admission was breathlessness n = 59 (75.6%). An auscultation anomaly was noted n = 46 (59%), a pneumopathy n = 43 (55.1%). The treatment consisted of oxy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gen therapy n = 51 (65.4%), antibiotic therapy n = 70 (89.7%). The factors</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> associated with the occurrence of a pneumopathy were: maneuvers performed and the existence of a cough. The lethality was 3.8%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The high frequency of accidental petroleum ingestions in children with an outcome often marked by pulmonary complications and the related case fatality rate requires primary preventive measures that rely on information, communication </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for behavior change with an emphasis on careful storage of toxic products </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and to refrain from harmful actions when faced with petroleum intoxication.</span></span></span></span>
文摘BACKGROUND Children like to discover their environment by putting substances in their mouths.This behavior puts them at risk of accidentally ingesting foreign bodies(FBs)or harmful materials,which can cause serious morbidities.AIM To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,complications,management,and outcomes of accidental ingestion of FBs,caustics,and medications in children.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted for accidental ingestion to the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between 2011 and 2021.Demographic data,type of FB/harmful material ingested,and investigations used for diagnosis and management were recorded.The patients were divided into three groups based on the type of ingested material(FBs,caustics,and medications).The three groups were compared based on patient demographics,socioeconomic status(SES),symptoms,ingestion scenario,endoscopic and surgical complications,management,and outcomes.The FB anatomical location was categorized as the esophagus,stomach,and bowel and compared with respect to symptoms.The Fisher’s exact,Pearson’s χ^(2),Mann-Whitney U,and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison.RESULTS A total of 161 accidental ingestion episodes were documented in 153 children.Most children were boys(n=85,55.6%),with a median age of 2.8(interquartile range:1.8-4.4)years.Most participants ingested FBs(n=108,70.6%),31(20.3%)ingested caustics,and the remaining 14(9.2%)ingested medications.Patients with caustic ingestion were younger at the time of presentation(P<0.001)and were more symptomatic(n=26/31,89.7%)than those who ingested medications(n=8/14,57.1%)or FBs(n=52/108,48.6%)(P<0.001).The caustic group had more vomiting(P<0.001)and coughing(P=0.029)than the other groups.Most FB ingestions were asymptomatic(n=55/108,51.4%).In terms of FB location,most esophageal FBs were symptomatic(n=14/16,87.5%),whereas most gastric(n=34/56,60.7%)and intestinal FBs(n=19/32,59.4%)were asymptomatic(P=0.002).Battery ingestion was the most common(n=49,32%).Unsafe toys were the main source of batteries(n=22/43,51.2%).Most episodes occurred while playing(n=49/131,37.4%)or when they were unwitnessed(n=78,57.4%).FBs were ingested more while playing(P<0.001),caustic ingestion was mainly due to unsafe storage(P<0.001),and medication ingestion was mostly due to a missing object(P<0.001).Girls ingested more jewelry items than boys(P=0.006).The stomach was the common location of FB lodgment,both radiologically(n=54/123,43.9%)and endoscopically(n=31/91,34%).Of 107/108(99.1%)patients with FB ingestion,spontaneous passage was noted in 54(35.5%),endoscopic removal in 46(30.3%),laparotomy in 5(3.3%)after magnet ingestion,and direct laryngoscopy in 2(1.3%).Pharmacological therapy was required for 105(70.9%)patients;79/105(75.2%)in the FB group,22/29(75.9%)in the caustic group,and 4/14(28.8%)in the medication group(P=0.001).Omeprazole was the commonly used(n=58;37.9%)and was used more in the caustic group(n=19/28,67.9%)than in the other groups(P=0.001).Endoscopic and surgical complications were detected in 39/148(26.4%)patients.The caustic group had more complications than the other groups(P=0.036).Gastrointestinal perforation developed in the FB group only(n=5,3.4%)and was more with magnet ingestion(n=4)than with other FBs(P<0.001).In patients with FB ingestion,patients aged<1 year(P=0.042),those with middle or low SES(P=0.028),and those with more symptoms at presentation(P=0.027)had more complications.Patients with complications had longer hospital stays(P<0.001)than those without.CONCLUSION Accidental ingestion in children is a serious condition.Symptomatic infants from middle or low SES families have the highest morbidity.Prevention through parental education and government legislation is crucial.
文摘To explore college students'understanding and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance,and to analyse the factors influencing college students'awareness and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance.836 college students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified random sampling.They were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire"College Students'Cognition of Internet Accidental Injury Insurance(CSCIAII)".29.67%,52.18%,10.13%and 8.02%of the college students didn't know,knew a little,knew relatively well and knew very well about internet accidental injury insurance,respectively.The percentage of college students who were very satisfied with the internet accidental injury insurance,thought the internet accidental injury insurance basically met their own needs,think it was acceptable but needed to be improved,did not agree with and were not satisfied with it at all were 9.55%,16.82%,47.73%,11.82%and 14.09%,respectively.College Students’awareness of insurance is weak,and they do not pay enough attention to accidental injury insurance.The design,publicity and sale strategies of internet insurance products may be important factors affecting college students'understanding and satisfaction with internet accidental injury insurance.
文摘This study analyzed postural balance in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and its relationship to accidental falls. A quantitative and quasi-experimental method was used in a sample of 43 elderlies between 64 and 88 years old, mostly females. Data collection was performed in two Basic Health Units in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2014. The instruments used were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Tinetti scale, Motor Scale for the Elderly (EMTI) scale, and Elderly Falls Diary. The data were analyzed with the SAS statistical software version 9.3.1. The scales were applied before and after the psychomotor interventions. A significant difference was observed between the evaluating moments. Balance improvements were observed in all age groups, suggesting that all elderlies, regardless of age, showed satisfactory responses to the implemented psychomotor activities. The elderlies who fell more frequently were those between 60 and 69 years old. It is noteworthy that the age group with the lowest incidence of falls was that of elderlies between 70 and 79 years old. It was concluded that psychomotor activities are beneficial, regardless of age, proving their effectiveness when continued stimuli with cognitive and psychomotor activities are carried out.
文摘The fire causes water pollution, air pollution and toxic gas pollution to our surrounding environment, and it seriously affects our living environment. People's awareness of environmental protection is increasing year by year, and environmental pollution caused by the fire is also being controlled. This article briefly introduces the fire accident's impact on the environment, the systematic analysis of the fire accident in the source of pollution and its harm. Combined with the existing way of fire fighting and rescue fire accident, the pollution control method is proposed.
文摘Objective:To understand the general information of adolescent girls with unplanned pregnancy and the information about abortion and reproductive health knowledge,analyze the influencing factors of unplanned pregnancy and explore the preventive measures.Methods:Using epidemiological investigation method,the adolescent females(age<19 years old)who volunteered requested pain deprivation in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were examined by questionnaire with informed consultation,and the results were analyzed.Results:After screening,98 valid questionnaires were received.The average age of girls were 16.81 years old,and the youngest was 13 years old.Employed girls accounted for 54.0%,students for 23.5%and unemployed people for 22.5%.Non-eamers accounted for 38.8%,and those with monthly income less than 3,000 yuan accounted for 86.8%.78.6 of those aged 16-18 had sex for the first time.The age of first sexual intercourse<15 years old accounted for 21.4%・The first abortion patients accounted for 84.7%,repeated abortion accounted for 15.3%.years old accounted for 19.05%.First abortion in the age<15 There was no statistical difference between the reproductive health knowledge mastery score and the family economic status,parents*12*5 occupation,parents'marital status,parents5 sex education(P>0.05).The score of reproductive health knowledge was statistically different from that of school sex education and hospital sex education(P<0.05).Conclusions:The primary cause of unintended pregnancy is the lack of knowledge of contraception and reproductive health.Schools and hospitals are effective in sex education for adolescent girls.Relevant government departments,schools,families and hospitals should pay more attention to sex education and strengthen efforts to improve the quality of education,so as to further reduce the harm caused by accidental pregnancy of adolescent girls.
文摘Introduction: Though common in society, caustic accidental ingestion is rare in the agricultural industry. This study describes a case of ingestion of nitric acid used as an agricultural fertilizer by an ordinary worker at the Société de Cultures Légumières. Clinical Case: This is a 33-year-old unschooled woman who ingested a sip of nitric acid from an abandoned labelled acid canister near a farming plot of land. She showed a burn of the oral cavity with a bleeding tablecloth and an intense retrosternal pain. The duodenal oesophagus fibroscopy screening that was carried out 18 hours after the accident, revealed an esophagitis class 2b. The tests revealed no anomalies. Fifteen (15) days after the accident, the FOGD was normal. Following an 8-month-follow up, no signs of stenosis or degeneration were noted. Conclusion: The accidental ingestion of nitric acid is rare in adult. Its treatment is mainly symptomatic and aims at preserving vital functions without directly fighting the ingested substance off. The right actions must be integrated into the 15-minute Health and Safety awarenesssessions for optimum pre-hospital management. The hospital evaluation is mandatory and is carried out thanks to the digestive endoscopy, which is still relevant in this indication, but is completed by the thoraco-abdominal CT. The latter is very sensitive the transmural necrosis diagnosis.
文摘Objective: to consider the clinical value of elastic bandage in reducing the accidental shedding of deep venous temporary dialysis catheter. Methods: 200 patients received during Jan., 2019- Jan., 2020 and 200 patients received during Feb., 2020-Feb., 2022 were fixed by the pressure-sensitive tape and by the elastic bandage. Then, the risk of accidental loss is of intravenous temporary dialysis catheter in the 2 groups. Results: in the control group, 4 patients fell off accidentally, accounting for 2.00% and 0 cases, accounting for 0.00%. When the two groups were very different, there were obvious statistical advantages, P 0.05. Conclusion: elastic bandage can greatly reduce the risk of deep vein catheter accidental loss, reduce the emergence of some adverse reactions during treatment, but also can avoid skin allergies, gradually enhance the clinical comfort of patients, thus showing the strong humanized service characteristics. Therefore, this is a relatively human and safe and effective fixed method, is worth widely used in clinical practice.
文摘After the abuse of POWs and prisoners by US army in Iraq was brought to the day light in May, the worldwide denunciation silenced what the US was bragging about its support for human rights. The inhumane and brutal means used by the US army to torture Iraqi POWs and prisoners have gone to an alarming proportion. Photographs published show American soldiers—men and women—smiling, laughing or giving thumbs-up signs alongside naked Iraqi prisoners, exposing the sadistic and brutal methods employed by American forces and providing more evi-
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic research foundation of Guangdong province(Nos.2021A1515010343 and 2022A1515011582)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A0505030026 and 2022A0505050029).
文摘In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.
文摘Estimate of the Deterministic Neutron RBE for Radiation-induced Pseudo-Pelger Huët Cell Formation R.E.Goans1,2,C.J.Iddins1,R.E.Goans,Jr.3(1.Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site,Oak Ridge,TN;2.MJW Corporation,Amherst,NY;3.LMU Debusk School of Medicine,Harrogate,TN)Abstract:Using archival peripheral blood slides from radiation accident patients,we have recently described the pseudo-Pelger Huët anomaly(PPHA)in neutrophils as a new radiation-induced biomarker,useful for dosimetry not only immediately after a radiation incident but also potentially helpful as a tool in retrospective dosimetry.
基金funded by the Technology Research and Development Plan Program of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(No.Q2024T001)the Foundation of China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.(No:2024YJ259).
文摘Purpose–This study aims to enhance the accuracy of key entity extraction from railway accident report texts and address challenges such as complex domain-specific semantics,data sparsity and strong inter-sentence semantic dependencies.A robust entity extraction method tailored for accident texts is proposed.Design/methodology/approach–This method is implemented through a dual-branch multi-task mutual learning model named R-MLP,which jointly performs entity recognition and accident phase classification.The model leverages a shared BERT encoder to extract contextual features and incorporates a sentence span indexing module to align feature granularity.A cross-task mutual learning mechanism is also introduced to strengthen semantic representation.Findings–R-MLP effectively mitigates the impact of semantic complexity and data sparsity in domain entities and enhances the model’s ability to capture inter-sentence semantic dependencies.Experimental results show that R-MLP achieves a maximum F1-score of 0.736 in extracting six types of key railway accident entities,significantly outperforming baseline models such as RoBERTa and MacBERT.Originality/value–This demonstrates the proposed method’s superior generalization and accuracy in domainspecific entity extraction tasks,confirming its effectiveness and practical value.
文摘A literature review on AI applications in the field of railway safety shows that the implemented approaches mainly concern the operational,maintenance,and feedback phases following railway incidents or accidents.These approaches exploit railway safety data once the transport system has received authorization for commissioning.However,railway standards and regulations require the development of a safety management system(SMS)from the specification and design phases of the railway system.This article proposes a new AI approach for analyzing and assessing safety from the specification and design phases of the railway system with a view to improving the development of the SMS.Unlike some learning methods,the proposed approach,which is dedicated in particular to safety assessment bodies,is based on semi-supervised learning carried out in close collaboration with safety experts who contributed to the development of a database of potential accident scenarios(learning example database)relating to the risk of rail collision.The proposed decision support is based on the use of an expert system whose knowledge base is automatically generated by inductive learning in the form of an association rule(rule base)and whose main objective is to suggest to the safety expert possible hazards not considered during the development of the SMS to complete the initial hazard register.
文摘1 Martin Hibbert was a survivor of a serious accident.During the incident,Martin's spine(脊柱)was seriously hurt but he was fortunate to be alive.Despite this spinal cord injury(SCI),Martin was determined to turn tragedy into something good.
文摘City of Muskogee Animal Control Supervisor Phil Blair is known for his devotion to animals,but his quick thinking this week took that commitment to a whole new level-saving the life of an unborn baby deer after a tragic accident.Blair was called to the scene of a deer struck by a car.Upon arrival,he found the mother deer had suffered four broken legs and sadly had to be put down to prevent further suffering.
基金the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the Growth Funding Program grant code(NU/GP/SERC/13/358-6)。
文摘Accident detection plays a critical role in improving traffic safety by enabling timely emergency response and reducing the impact of road incidents.The main challenge lies in achieving real-time,reliable and highly accurate detection across diverse Internet-of-vehicles(IoV)environments.To overcome this challenge,this paper leverages deep learning to automatically learn patterns from visual data to detect accidents with high accuracy.A visual classification model based on the ResNet-50 architecture is presented for distinguishing between accident and non-accident images.The model is trained and tested on a labeled dataset and achieves an overall accuracy of 91.84%,with a precision of 94%,recall of 90.38%,and an F1-score of 92.14%.Training behavior is observed over 100 epochs,where the model has shown rapid accuracy gains and loss reduction within the first 30 epochs,followed by gradual stabilization.Accuracy plateaues between 90−93%,and loss values remain consistent between 0.1 and 0.2 in later stages.To understand the effect of training strategy,the model is optimized using three different algorithms,namely,SGD,Adam,and Adadelta with all showing effective performance,though with varied convergence patterns.Further,to test its effectiveness,the proposed model is compared with existing models.In the end,the problems encountered in implementing the model in practical automotive settings and offered solutions are discussed.The results support the reliability of the approach and its suitability for real-time traffic safety applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106284,52422609)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021507001)Key Research Special Project of CPPU(ZDZX202501)。
文摘As lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)continue to evolve toward lower costs and higher energy densities,their potential safety risks have become increasingly apparent.Incidents such as explosions at energy storage facilities,fires in electric vehicles,and building fires ignited by charging two-wheeled vehicles have been occurring with alarming frequency,often resulting in significant casualties and injuries.Conducting indepth investigations into thermal runaway(TR)incidents in LIBs can significantly reduce the risk of future occurrences.However,current investigations into LIB fire and explosion incidents face challenges due to the difficulty of conducting in-depth analyses and the lack of a robust theoretical framework to guide these investigations.To enhance the effectiveness of in-depth investigations into battery fire and explosion incidents and to address the lack of theoretical guidance,this paper is the first to systematically examine the conservation and flow patterns of elements during the TR process of LIBs.The analysis reveals that during TR,the gas products generated include approximately 1.5 g of H_(2),23.6 g of CO,88.4 g of CO_(2),8.9 g of C_(2)H_(4),7.3 g of CH_(4),3.7 g of C_(2)H_(6),and 82 g of electrolyte vapor.After TR,the solid compounds formed consist of approximately 2.5 g of LiF,29–92.2 g of elemental Ni/Co/Mn,11.4 g of Li_(2)CO_(3),200.6 g of graphite,1.4 g of NiO,29.6 g of MnO,30.1 g of CoO,67 g of elemental Cu,0.03 g of LiNiO_(2),and 4.3 g of LiAlO_(2).Importantly,the energy released from reactions forming solid compounds during TR surpasses that from gas-forming reactions.This investigation represents the first application of Hess’s law to verify the conservation of elements during the TR process of lithium-ion batteries.The proposed methodology is also applicable to other types of energy storage batteries,effectively advancing techniques for comprehensively investigating lithium battery fire and explosion incidents.
