Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a...Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a rational utilization of these biodegradable organic wastes,which is of vital importance for alleviating environmental deterioration and reducing resource waste.Electrode materials and accelerants are the two major factors that affect methane production in the MEC-AD system.They affect microbial attachment and electron transfer in the MEC-AD system.Bio-based carbon materials are carbon materials prepared from biomass as raw materials.They have characteristics such as a rich pore structure,good chemical stability,biocompatibility,and controllable surface properties,which can be used as accelerants and electrodes in the MEC-AD system to optimize its performance.This study was to investigate the influence of biomass-derived carbon as an electrode and accelerant on the performance of the MEC-AD system,and the mechanism for increasing the production of biogas and methane was also analyzed,thus providing a basis for the multifunctional application of biomass-derived carbon in the MEC-AD system.Methods A series of experimental methods were adopted to study the MEC-AD system.Two types of bio-based carbon,i.e.,aloe vera waste derived spherical carbon(AVW-SC)and porous carbon(AVW-PC),were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization.The raw AVW material was washed with water,dried,ground,and subjected to hydrothermal treatment to obtain AVW-SC.After activating AVW-SC with KOH,it was carbonized in a tube furnace to obtain AVW-PC.In the preparation of the electrodes,bio-based carbon(AVW-SC and AVW-PC)was mixed with 5%polytetrafluoroethylene powder in ethanol and deionized water,and then ground in a ball mill for 4 h to form a slurry.The slurry was evenly sprayed on the Ti mesh,dried and sintered in N2 atmosphere at 360℃to obtain Ti-SC and Ti-PC electrodes.Four groups of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal voltage,compare different carbon electrodes,and explore the optimal coating amount.The MEC-AD reactor adopted 500 mL wide-mouthed glass bottles with a working volume of 400 mL.Each MEC-AD system received a co-substrate mixture of cattle dung and aloe vera waste and inoculum of sewage sludge in a mass ratio of 3:7.Afterward,they were placed at(36±1)℃for 35 d.The biogas was collected by a water displacement method.The materials were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electrochemical tests were conducted on different electrodes.The composition,pH,TS,VS,TCOD and nutrient content of biogas were analyzed by standard chemical methods.Microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology.The modified Gompertz model was adopted to predict the kinetic parameters,and the coulombic efficiency and methane recovery rate were calculated according to a specific formula.Results and discussion The result shows that AVW-SC is spherical and closely aggregated,while AVW-PC has a three-dimensional network structure,with average pore diameter of 9.77 nm.The electron exchange capacity(EEC)of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.75μmol·e-/g)is higher than that of AVW-SC(i.e.,0.15μmol·e-/g),indicating a better electron exchange capacity.These results indicate that AVW-PC provides more substrate and bacteria accumulation sites,and has better electron-donating and electron-accepting ability,thus improving the digestion efficiency.In the MEC-AD system,using Ti mesh as an electrode,the effect of different voltages(i.e.,0,0.4,0.6,0.8 V and 1.2 V)on the system performance is investigated,obtaining the optimum biogas production and organic matter degradation rate at 0.8 V.AVW-SC and AVW-PC are respectively coated on Ti mesh as electrodes.The results show that the MEC-AD system with AVW-PC coated Ti mesh as the electrode has a better performance.The electrochemical analysis shows that the electrode coated with AVW-PC has a larger specific capacitance and a smaller charge transfer resistance,indicating that AVW-PC can improve the electrochemical properties and electron transfer ability of MEC-AD system.The influence of coating amount(i.e.,0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 g)of AVW-PC on the MEC-AD system is investigated.At a coating amount of AVW-PC of 0.1 g,the cumulative biogas production and methane content of the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) group both reach the maximum values.Different doses of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,and 0.25%)are added as accelerants in Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1).At the addition amount of AVW-PC of 0.20%,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group performs the optimum biogas production(i.e.,633.63 mL/g VS),methane content(i.e.,65.85%),and total nutrient content of biogas residue(i.e.,42.30 g/kg).In Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2,Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinacea and Methanosaetaceae significantly increase.The increase in microbial diversity promotes interspecific hydrogen transfer(IHT),interspecific acetic transfer(IAT),and direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET),thereby enhancing methanogenic efficiency.Conclusions AVW-SC and AVW-PC were utilized as electrodes and accelerants to enhance methane yield in MEC-AD system.The Ti mesh electrode coated with different concentrations of AVW-PC achieved the optimal biogas production at 0.8 V.Specifically,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) combination could generate the maximum total amount of biogas and methane proportion.The Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 combination exhibited the optimum performance(i.e.,biogas yield of 633.63 mL/g VS,methane content of 65.85%and total nutritional content of 42.30 g/kg).High abundances of Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae appeared in the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group,compared to other groups.In addition,an increased microbial diversity led to an enhanced methane production through processes like DIET.This research could highlight the potential significance of AVW-PC as both electrode and accelerator for increasing methane production and provide a perspective for improving MEC-AD performance through multiple applications of biomass-derived carbon.展开更多
The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study. Compared with conventional dyeing, the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoi...The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study. Compared with conventional dyeing, the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoise Blue X-GB at 85℃ in the presence of accelerant and absence of accelerant, respectively. The influence of low temperature dyeing aceelerant on the dyeing mechanism of acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dye was analyzed through kinetics and thermodynamics study. The results show that adding dyeing accelerant ran heighten the equilibrium dye-uptake, dyeing rate constants, diffusion coefficients, and shorten half-dyeing time for acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dyes. Furthermore, the partition coefficient, the standard affinity, and the dye saturation value also increased in the dyeing at 85℃.展开更多
Additives are chemical compounds that are added to concrete during its manufacture to modify one or more of its properties. The first additive used in modern concrete was the accelerator, intended to shorten the time ...Additives are chemical compounds that are added to concrete during its manufacture to modify one or more of its properties. The first additive used in modern concrete was the accelerator, intended to shorten the time during which the material is not capable of supporting stress. Traditionally, accelerators have been made from calcium chloride, but today the trend is to use chloride-free additives to prevent reinforcing steel from corroding and thereby make constructions durable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on the concrete of two types of accelerating admixture, using limestone aggregates, under warm sub-humid climate conditions. The applied methodology consisted of the measurement in the laboratory of some of the main properties of concrete in fresh and hardened states, in samples manufactured both with and without accelerators. The results showed that the accelerator without chloride was less effective than the one based on calcium chloride and that without doses of the accelerator, the effectiveness documented by the manufacturers was achieved.展开更多
We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parame...We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z)from the DESI BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)data using Gaussian process to perform the null test.We find strong evidence of accelerated expansion from the DESI BAO AP data.By reconstructing the deceleration parameter q(z) from the DESI BAO AP data,we find that accelerated expansion persisted until z■0.7 with a 99.7%confidence level.Additionally,to provide insights into the Hubble tension problem,we propose combining the reconstructed E(z) with D_(H)/r_(d) data to derive a model-independent result r_(d)h=99.8±3.1 Mpc.This result is consistent with measurements from cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies using the ΛCDM model.We also propose a model-independent method for reconstructing the comoving angular diameter distance D_(M)(z) from the distance modulus μ,using SNe Ia data and combining this result with DESI BAO data of D_(M)/r_(d) to constrain the value of r_(d).We find that the value of r_(d),derived from this model-independent method,is smaller than that obtained from CMB measurements,with a significant discrepancy of at least 4.17σ.All the conclusions drawn in this paper are independent of cosmological models and gravitational theories.展开更多
Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accel...Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.展开更多
In response to the increasing demand for hadron therapy facilities,significant efforts have been directed toward enhancing the performance of high-gradient and high-transmission injectors for light ion beams.For carbo...In response to the increasing demand for hadron therapy facilities,significant efforts have been directed toward enhancing the performance of high-gradient and high-transmission injectors for light ion beams.For carbon ion irradiations,which offer greater radiobiological efficiency in tumor treatment,recent research has focused on developing high-production sources of fully stripped C^(6+)ions and highly compact,high-frequency RFQ cavities.This study explores the design possibilities of a carbon ion acceleration section using 750 MHz Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linacs(IH-DTLs)as a high-efficiency solution for accelerating ions in the 5-10 MeV per nucleon energy range.A particle-tracking routine based on the TRAVEL code was developed to design the acceleration line through a tailored KONUS-type configuration.Three design solutions were proposed and compared,exploring different alternatives regarding the use of a MEBT to match the output beam phase space of the RFQ to the optics of the line,as well as varying considerations for magnetic systems to focus the beam.Additionally,the compatibility of the proposed solutions with the existing design of the carbon ion bent-linac for hadron therapy was assessed.展开更多
Purpose-The utilization of alkali-free accelerators,primarily based on aluminum sulfate,in shotcrete often leads to significant shrinkage and cracking,jeopardizing long-term durability.This study aims to mitigate this...Purpose-The utilization of alkali-free accelerators,primarily based on aluminum sulfate,in shotcrete often leads to significant shrinkage and cracking,jeopardizing long-term durability.This study aims to mitigate this issue by investigating the efficacy of silica fume(SF)and fly ash(FA),individually and combined,in controlling the shrinkage deformation of shotcrete.Design/methodology/approach-Shotcrete mixtures were prepared with cement partially replaced by SF,FA,or their combination(SF-FA).Aluminum sulfate was used as an accelerator.The shrinkage behavior under sealed and dry conditions was monitored.The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through hardened airvoid analysis,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and internal humidity tracking.Findings-Contrary to some previous studies,both individual and combined incorporation of mineral admixtures reduced the 28-day shrinkage.The SF-FA composite exhibited the most substantial reduction(23.72%sealed,17.76%dry),followed by SF alone(18.11%sealed)and FA alone(11.35%sealed).Mechanism analysis revealed that the admixtures refined the pore structure,reduced the volume of harmful pores,and,crucially,optimized the air-void system by increasing the population of fine bubbles.This created an internal buffering effect that alleviates capillary stress.The synergistic effect in the SF-FA group is attributed to complementary pore-filling at dual scales.Originality/value-This work demonstrates that,within an aluminum sulfate-accelerated shotcrete system,silica fume can effectively reduce shrinkage when its pore-refining effect is counterbalanced by a welloptimized micro-bubble network.It provides the first comprehensive evidence of the synergistic shrinkagereducing mechanism of SF and FA in such systems,offering a practical strategy for mix design optimization to enhance the volume stability of shotcrete.展开更多
To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and ch...To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and chopper)cutters.Rock mechanics,drillability,and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone:average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa,tensile strength of 7.092 MPa,and drillability of 7.866.We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method(FDIEM)to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone.The simulation results indicated the following:(1)The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter.(2)Compared with the cylindrical cutter,the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy,with reductions of 8.71%and 33.83%,respectively.This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation.Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock,which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings.(3)The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings,thereby achieving high cutting stability.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration(ROP)in deep hard rock formations.展开更多
X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system ...X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system generally has a large scale,which is not suitable for on-site testing.Compared with the S-band(S-linac)at the same stage of beam energy,the accelerator working in the X-band(X-linac)can compress the facility scale by over 2/3 in the longitudinal direction,which is convenient for the on-site NDT of electrical equipment.To address the beam quality and design complexity simultaneously,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ),which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA),was developed to optimize the cavity chain design of the X-linac.Additionally,the designs of the focusing coils,electron gun,and RF couplers,which are other key components of the X-linac,were introduced in this context.In particular,the focusing coil distributions were optimized using a genetic algorithm.Furthermore,after designing such key components,PARMELA software was adopted to perform beam dynamics calculations with the optimized accelerating fields and magnetic fields.The results show that the beam performance was obtained with a capture ratio of more than 90%,an energy spread of less than 10%,and an average energy of approximately 3 MeV.The design and simulation results indicate that the proposed NSGAⅡ-based approach is feasible for X-linac accelerator design.Furthermore,it can be generalized as a universal technique for industrial electron linear accelerators provided that specific optimization objectives and constraints are set according to different application scenarios and requirements.展开更多
We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-...We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.展开更多
China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have alwa...China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have always been a priority in national development.At its fourth plenary session held in October 2025,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)once again emphasized the need to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and advance all-around rural revitalization over the next five years.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
Accelerated aging tests are widely used to rapidly evaluate the durability of materials,of which thermal-oxidative aging is the most common approach.To quantitatively predict the effects of multiple coupled factors,th...Accelerated aging tests are widely used to rapidly evaluate the durability of materials,of which thermal-oxidative aging is the most common approach.To quantitatively predict the effects of multiple coupled factors,this study takes polyamide66 reinforced with glass fiber(PA66-GF)as a model system and proposed a high-precision paradigm for coupled thermal-oxidative aging.By integrating Arrhenius-type reaction kinetics with oxygen diffusion,a predictive formula that holistically captures the nonlinear synergistic effects of multiple factors was developed,thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional single-variable models.A systematic evaluation of the stepwise improved formulas through nonlinear fitting showed that the coefficient of determination(R^(2))increased from 0.223 to 0.803,elucidating the fundamental reason why conventional approaches fail in quantitative prediction.These formulae were further embedded as physical constraints into a physics-informed neural network(PINN),which further enhanced the predictive performance,with the proposed formula achieving a peak R^(2)of 0.946.The results highlight that robust data fitting alone is insufficient;the decisive factor for the success of PINN lies in whether the embedded formula faithfully reflects the underlying physical mechanisms.When applied to polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber(PA6-GF),the Formula-constrained PINN maintained a high level of accuracy(R^(2)=0.916),demonstrating its strong cross-system generalizability.In summary,this work establishes a robust hybrid physics-machine learning framework that combines high accuracy with transferability for predicting the thermal-oxidative aging behavior of composite material systems.展开更多
The dissolution of iron from the cathode and electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)during long cycles significantly accelerates the aging process of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/graphite batteries;there is a lack of systematic under...The dissolution of iron from the cathode and electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)during long cycles significantly accelerates the aging process of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/graphite batteries;there is a lack of systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of the EEI interface layer and the dissolve of Fe ions,especially in terms of the mechanism of the cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI),solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and iron dissolution.In this study,aged cells were subjected to continuous activation with constant current and multi-step segmented indirect activation(IA)and analyzed for capacity fade,impedance growth,and active Li^(+)mass loss at the EEI and nanoscale levels.The interaction between dissolved Fe^(2+)and the EEI in LFP/graphite pouch batteries was proposed and verified.The findings indicate that during IA process,the electric field facilitates the migration of solvated ions toward the electrodes,while simultaneously inhibiting the formation of organic species such as ROCO_(2)Li.The SEI primarily consists of a mixture of organic and inorganic small molecules,forming a continuous and uniform film on the electrode surface.This study demonstrates that IA favors the formation of a uniform EEI and offers constructive insights for advancing accelerated lifetime prediction strategies in lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding metho...The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.展开更多
Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).Ho...Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).展开更多
The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase ...The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase of ICF implosion,the growth of ARTI can be suppressed by using a short-wavelength spatially modulated laser.The ARTI growth rate decreases as the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser decreases,and ARTI is completely suppressed after a certain wavelength has been reached.A spatially uniform laser is introduced to keep the state of motion of the implosion fluid consistent,and it is found that the proportion of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI decreases as the wavelength continues to decrease.We also optimize the spatial intensity distribution of the spatially modulated laser.In addition,as the duration of the spatially modulated laser decreases,the proportion required for completely suppressing ARTI increases,but the required energy decreases.When the perturbation wavenumber decreases,the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI becomes longer.In the case of multimode perturbation,ARTI can also be significantly suppressed by a spatially modulated laser,and the perturbation amplitude can be reduced to less than 10% of that without a spatially modulated laser.We believe that the conclusions drawn from our simulations can provide the basis for new approaches to control ARTI in ICF.展开更多
Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper th...Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.展开更多
Hydrodynamic cavitation,as an efficient technique applied in many physical and chemical treatment methods,has been widely used by various industries and in several technological fields.Relevant generators,designed wit...Hydrodynamic cavitation,as an efficient technique applied in many physical and chemical treatment methods,has been widely used by various industries and in several technological fields.Relevant generators,designed with specific structures and parameters,can produce cavitation effects,thereby enabling effective treatment and reasonable transformation of substances.This paper reviews the design principles,performance,and practical applications associated with different types of cavitation generators,aiming to provide theoretical support for the optimization of these systems.It systematically analyzes the underpinning mechanisms and the various factors influencing the cavitation phenomena,also conducting a comparative analysis of the performance of different types of generators.Specific applications dealing with wastewater treatment,chemical reaction acceleration,and other fields are discussed together with the advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of each type of cavitation generator.We also explore research progress in areas such as cavitation stability,energy efficiency,and equipment design upgrades.The study concludes by forecasting the application prospects of intelligent design and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in optimizing and advancing cavitation generators.It proposes new ideas for the further development of cavitation technology and highlights directions for its widespread future application.展开更多
Superconducting radio-frequency(SRF)cavities are the core components of SRF linear accelerators,making their stable operation considerably important.However,the operational experience from different accelerator labora...Superconducting radio-frequency(SRF)cavities are the core components of SRF linear accelerators,making their stable operation considerably important.However,the operational experience from different accelerator laboratories has revealed that SRF faults are the leading cause of short machine downtime trips.When a cavity fault occurs,system experts analyze the time-series data recorded by low-level RF systems and identify the fault type.However,this requires expertise and intuition,posing a major challenge for control-room operators.Here,we propose an expert feature-based machine learning model for automating SRF cavity fault recognition.The main challenge in converting the"expert reasoning"process for SRF faults into a"model inference"process lies in feature extraction,which is attributed to the associated multidimensional and complex time-series waveforms.Existing autoregression-based feature-extraction methods require the signal to be stable and autocorrelated,resulting in difficulty in capturing the abrupt features that exist in several SRF failure patterns.To address these issues,we introduce expertise into the classification model through reasonable feature engineering.We demonstrate the feasibility of this method using the SRF cavity of the China accelerator facility for superheavy elements(CAFE2).Although specific faults in SRF cavities may vary across different accelerators,similarities exist in the RF signals.Therefore,this study provides valuable guidance for fault analysis of the entire SRF community.展开更多
文摘Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a rational utilization of these biodegradable organic wastes,which is of vital importance for alleviating environmental deterioration and reducing resource waste.Electrode materials and accelerants are the two major factors that affect methane production in the MEC-AD system.They affect microbial attachment and electron transfer in the MEC-AD system.Bio-based carbon materials are carbon materials prepared from biomass as raw materials.They have characteristics such as a rich pore structure,good chemical stability,biocompatibility,and controllable surface properties,which can be used as accelerants and electrodes in the MEC-AD system to optimize its performance.This study was to investigate the influence of biomass-derived carbon as an electrode and accelerant on the performance of the MEC-AD system,and the mechanism for increasing the production of biogas and methane was also analyzed,thus providing a basis for the multifunctional application of biomass-derived carbon in the MEC-AD system.Methods A series of experimental methods were adopted to study the MEC-AD system.Two types of bio-based carbon,i.e.,aloe vera waste derived spherical carbon(AVW-SC)and porous carbon(AVW-PC),were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization.The raw AVW material was washed with water,dried,ground,and subjected to hydrothermal treatment to obtain AVW-SC.After activating AVW-SC with KOH,it was carbonized in a tube furnace to obtain AVW-PC.In the preparation of the electrodes,bio-based carbon(AVW-SC and AVW-PC)was mixed with 5%polytetrafluoroethylene powder in ethanol and deionized water,and then ground in a ball mill for 4 h to form a slurry.The slurry was evenly sprayed on the Ti mesh,dried and sintered in N2 atmosphere at 360℃to obtain Ti-SC and Ti-PC electrodes.Four groups of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal voltage,compare different carbon electrodes,and explore the optimal coating amount.The MEC-AD reactor adopted 500 mL wide-mouthed glass bottles with a working volume of 400 mL.Each MEC-AD system received a co-substrate mixture of cattle dung and aloe vera waste and inoculum of sewage sludge in a mass ratio of 3:7.Afterward,they were placed at(36±1)℃for 35 d.The biogas was collected by a water displacement method.The materials were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electrochemical tests were conducted on different electrodes.The composition,pH,TS,VS,TCOD and nutrient content of biogas were analyzed by standard chemical methods.Microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology.The modified Gompertz model was adopted to predict the kinetic parameters,and the coulombic efficiency and methane recovery rate were calculated according to a specific formula.Results and discussion The result shows that AVW-SC is spherical and closely aggregated,while AVW-PC has a three-dimensional network structure,with average pore diameter of 9.77 nm.The electron exchange capacity(EEC)of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.75μmol·e-/g)is higher than that of AVW-SC(i.e.,0.15μmol·e-/g),indicating a better electron exchange capacity.These results indicate that AVW-PC provides more substrate and bacteria accumulation sites,and has better electron-donating and electron-accepting ability,thus improving the digestion efficiency.In the MEC-AD system,using Ti mesh as an electrode,the effect of different voltages(i.e.,0,0.4,0.6,0.8 V and 1.2 V)on the system performance is investigated,obtaining the optimum biogas production and organic matter degradation rate at 0.8 V.AVW-SC and AVW-PC are respectively coated on Ti mesh as electrodes.The results show that the MEC-AD system with AVW-PC coated Ti mesh as the electrode has a better performance.The electrochemical analysis shows that the electrode coated with AVW-PC has a larger specific capacitance and a smaller charge transfer resistance,indicating that AVW-PC can improve the electrochemical properties and electron transfer ability of MEC-AD system.The influence of coating amount(i.e.,0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 g)of AVW-PC on the MEC-AD system is investigated.At a coating amount of AVW-PC of 0.1 g,the cumulative biogas production and methane content of the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) group both reach the maximum values.Different doses of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,and 0.25%)are added as accelerants in Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1).At the addition amount of AVW-PC of 0.20%,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group performs the optimum biogas production(i.e.,633.63 mL/g VS),methane content(i.e.,65.85%),and total nutrient content of biogas residue(i.e.,42.30 g/kg).In Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2,Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinacea and Methanosaetaceae significantly increase.The increase in microbial diversity promotes interspecific hydrogen transfer(IHT),interspecific acetic transfer(IAT),and direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET),thereby enhancing methanogenic efficiency.Conclusions AVW-SC and AVW-PC were utilized as electrodes and accelerants to enhance methane yield in MEC-AD system.The Ti mesh electrode coated with different concentrations of AVW-PC achieved the optimal biogas production at 0.8 V.Specifically,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) combination could generate the maximum total amount of biogas and methane proportion.The Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 combination exhibited the optimum performance(i.e.,biogas yield of 633.63 mL/g VS,methane content of 65.85%and total nutritional content of 42.30 g/kg).High abundances of Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae appeared in the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group,compared to other groups.In addition,an increased microbial diversity led to an enhanced methane production through processes like DIET.This research could highlight the potential significance of AVW-PC as both electrode and accelerator for increasing methane production and provide a perspective for improving MEC-AD performance through multiple applications of biomass-derived carbon.
基金Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China (No. 2008C01069-4)
文摘The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study. Compared with conventional dyeing, the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoise Blue X-GB at 85℃ in the presence of accelerant and absence of accelerant, respectively. The influence of low temperature dyeing aceelerant on the dyeing mechanism of acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dye was analyzed through kinetics and thermodynamics study. The results show that adding dyeing accelerant ran heighten the equilibrium dye-uptake, dyeing rate constants, diffusion coefficients, and shorten half-dyeing time for acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dyes. Furthermore, the partition coefficient, the standard affinity, and the dye saturation value also increased in the dyeing at 85℃.
文摘Additives are chemical compounds that are added to concrete during its manufacture to modify one or more of its properties. The first additive used in modern concrete was the accelerator, intended to shorten the time during which the material is not capable of supporting stress. Traditionally, accelerators have been made from calcium chloride, but today the trend is to use chloride-free additives to prevent reinforcing steel from corroding and thereby make constructions durable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on the concrete of two types of accelerating admixture, using limestone aggregates, under warm sub-humid climate conditions. The applied methodology consisted of the measurement in the laboratory of some of the main properties of concrete in fresh and hardened states, in samples manufactured both with and without accelerators. The results showed that the accelerator without chloride was less effective than the one based on calcium chloride and that without doses of the accelerator, the effectiveness documented by the manufacturers was achieved.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFC2201504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12588101 and 12535002)。
文摘We investigate the null tests of cosmic accelerated expansion by using the baryon acoustic oscillation(BAO)data measured by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument(DESI)and reconstruct the dimensionless Hubble parameter E(z)from the DESI BAO Alcock-Paczynski(AP)data using Gaussian process to perform the null test.We find strong evidence of accelerated expansion from the DESI BAO AP data.By reconstructing the deceleration parameter q(z) from the DESI BAO AP data,we find that accelerated expansion persisted until z■0.7 with a 99.7%confidence level.Additionally,to provide insights into the Hubble tension problem,we propose combining the reconstructed E(z) with D_(H)/r_(d) data to derive a model-independent result r_(d)h=99.8±3.1 Mpc.This result is consistent with measurements from cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies using the ΛCDM model.We also propose a model-independent method for reconstructing the comoving angular diameter distance D_(M)(z) from the distance modulus μ,using SNe Ia data and combining this result with DESI BAO data of D_(M)/r_(d) to constrain the value of r_(d).We find that the value of r_(d),derived from this model-independent method,is smaller than that obtained from CMB measurements,with a significant discrepancy of at least 4.17σ.All the conclusions drawn in this paper are independent of cosmological models and gravitational theories.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0530000)the Discipline Construction Foundation of“Double World-class Project”.
文摘Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.
基金Project co-funded by European Union in the context of the precommercial public procurement of RD services managed by CDTI E.P.Eco-funded by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)as part of the project for the development of a Compact Linear Accelerator for Hadrontherapy,Exp.CPP 03/2023 AB(DCCPI/OCPI)。
文摘In response to the increasing demand for hadron therapy facilities,significant efforts have been directed toward enhancing the performance of high-gradient and high-transmission injectors for light ion beams.For carbon ion irradiations,which offer greater radiobiological efficiency in tumor treatment,recent research has focused on developing high-production sources of fully stripped C^(6+)ions and highly compact,high-frequency RFQ cavities.This study explores the design possibilities of a carbon ion acceleration section using 750 MHz Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linacs(IH-DTLs)as a high-efficiency solution for accelerating ions in the 5-10 MeV per nucleon energy range.A particle-tracking routine based on the TRAVEL code was developed to design the acceleration line through a tailored KONUS-type configuration.Three design solutions were proposed and compared,exploring different alternatives regarding the use of a MEBT to match the output beam phase space of the RFQ to the optics of the line,as well as varying considerations for magnetic systems to focus the beam.Additionally,the compatibility of the proposed solutions with the existing design of the carbon ion bent-linac for hadron therapy was assessed.
文摘Purpose-The utilization of alkali-free accelerators,primarily based on aluminum sulfate,in shotcrete often leads to significant shrinkage and cracking,jeopardizing long-term durability.This study aims to mitigate this issue by investigating the efficacy of silica fume(SF)and fly ash(FA),individually and combined,in controlling the shrinkage deformation of shotcrete.Design/methodology/approach-Shotcrete mixtures were prepared with cement partially replaced by SF,FA,or their combination(SF-FA).Aluminum sulfate was used as an accelerator.The shrinkage behavior under sealed and dry conditions was monitored.The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through hardened airvoid analysis,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and internal humidity tracking.Findings-Contrary to some previous studies,both individual and combined incorporation of mineral admixtures reduced the 28-day shrinkage.The SF-FA composite exhibited the most substantial reduction(23.72%sealed,17.76%dry),followed by SF alone(18.11%sealed)and FA alone(11.35%sealed).Mechanism analysis revealed that the admixtures refined the pore structure,reduced the volume of harmful pores,and,crucially,optimized the air-void system by increasing the population of fine bubbles.This created an internal buffering effect that alleviates capillary stress.The synergistic effect in the SF-FA group is attributed to complementary pore-filling at dual scales.Originality/value-This work demonstrates that,within an aluminum sulfate-accelerated shotcrete system,silica fume can effectively reduce shrinkage when its pore-refining effect is counterbalanced by a welloptimized micro-bubble network.It provides the first comprehensive evidence of the synergistic shrinkagereducing mechanism of SF and FA in such systems,offering a practical strategy for mix design optimization to enhance the volume stability of shotcrete.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD1008300)the Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52327803).
文摘To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and chopper)cutters.Rock mechanics,drillability,and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone:average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa,tensile strength of 7.092 MPa,and drillability of 7.866.We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method(FDIEM)to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone.The simulation results indicated the following:(1)The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter.(2)Compared with the cylindrical cutter,the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy,with reductions of 8.71%and 33.83%,respectively.This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation.Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock,which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings.(3)The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings,thereby achieving high cutting stability.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration(ROP)in deep hard rock formations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12341501 and 12575164)。
文摘X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system generally has a large scale,which is not suitable for on-site testing.Compared with the S-band(S-linac)at the same stage of beam energy,the accelerator working in the X-band(X-linac)can compress the facility scale by over 2/3 in the longitudinal direction,which is convenient for the on-site NDT of electrical equipment.To address the beam quality and design complexity simultaneously,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ),which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA),was developed to optimize the cavity chain design of the X-linac.Additionally,the designs of the focusing coils,electron gun,and RF couplers,which are other key components of the X-linac,were introduced in this context.In particular,the focusing coil distributions were optimized using a genetic algorithm.Furthermore,after designing such key components,PARMELA software was adopted to perform beam dynamics calculations with the optimized accelerating fields and magnetic fields.The results show that the beam performance was obtained with a capture ratio of more than 90%,an energy spread of less than 10%,and an average energy of approximately 3 MeV.The design and simulation results indicate that the proposed NSGAⅡ-based approach is feasible for X-linac accelerator design.Furthermore,it can be generalized as a universal technique for industrial electron linear accelerators provided that specific optimization objectives and constraints are set according to different application scenarios and requirements.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Contract Nos.2023YFA1606500,2024YFE0109800,and 2024YFE0110400)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34010000)+5 种基金the Gansu Key Project of Science and Technology (Grant No.23ZDGA014)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2021B0301030006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12105328,W2412040,12475126,12422507,12035011,12375118,12435008,and W2412043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.2020409 and 2023439)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.25-42-00003)。
文摘We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.
文摘China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have always been a priority in national development.At its fourth plenary session held in October 2025,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)once again emphasized the need to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and advance all-around rural revitalization over the next five years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22473032)。
文摘Accelerated aging tests are widely used to rapidly evaluate the durability of materials,of which thermal-oxidative aging is the most common approach.To quantitatively predict the effects of multiple coupled factors,this study takes polyamide66 reinforced with glass fiber(PA66-GF)as a model system and proposed a high-precision paradigm for coupled thermal-oxidative aging.By integrating Arrhenius-type reaction kinetics with oxygen diffusion,a predictive formula that holistically captures the nonlinear synergistic effects of multiple factors was developed,thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional single-variable models.A systematic evaluation of the stepwise improved formulas through nonlinear fitting showed that the coefficient of determination(R^(2))increased from 0.223 to 0.803,elucidating the fundamental reason why conventional approaches fail in quantitative prediction.These formulae were further embedded as physical constraints into a physics-informed neural network(PINN),which further enhanced the predictive performance,with the proposed formula achieving a peak R^(2)of 0.946.The results highlight that robust data fitting alone is insufficient;the decisive factor for the success of PINN lies in whether the embedded formula faithfully reflects the underlying physical mechanisms.When applied to polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber(PA6-GF),the Formula-constrained PINN maintained a high level of accuracy(R^(2)=0.916),demonstrating its strong cross-system generalizability.In summary,this work establishes a robust hybrid physics-machine learning framework that combines high accuracy with transferability for predicting the thermal-oxidative aging behavior of composite material systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2401800)the support from Beijing Nova Program(20230484241)+2 种基金the support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M754084)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230931)the support from Initial Energy Science&Technology Co.,Ltd(IEST)。
文摘The dissolution of iron from the cathode and electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)during long cycles significantly accelerates the aging process of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/graphite batteries;there is a lack of systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of the EEI interface layer and the dissolve of Fe ions,especially in terms of the mechanism of the cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI),solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and iron dissolution.In this study,aged cells were subjected to continuous activation with constant current and multi-step segmented indirect activation(IA)and analyzed for capacity fade,impedance growth,and active Li^(+)mass loss at the EEI and nanoscale levels.The interaction between dissolved Fe^(2+)and the EEI in LFP/graphite pouch batteries was proposed and verified.The findings indicate that during IA process,the electric field facilitates the migration of solvated ions toward the electrodes,while simultaneously inhibiting the formation of organic species such as ROCO_(2)Li.The SEI primarily consists of a mixture of organic and inorganic small molecules,forming a continuous and uniform film on the electrode surface.This study demonstrates that IA favors the formation of a uniform EEI and offers constructive insights for advancing accelerated lifetime prediction strategies in lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(Grant No.KFB22045)the General Program of Natural Science Foundation Fujian,China(Grant No.2023J01460).
文摘The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program,China (20240602032RC)the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZD001)+1 种基金the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZY012)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission-Project for Improving the Independent Innovation Capacity of Major Grain Crops,China (2024C002)。
文摘Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12074399,12204500,and 12004403)the Key Projects of Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation(No.2021YFE0116700)+1 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.20ZR1464400)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1455300).
文摘The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase of ICF implosion,the growth of ARTI can be suppressed by using a short-wavelength spatially modulated laser.The ARTI growth rate decreases as the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser decreases,and ARTI is completely suppressed after a certain wavelength has been reached.A spatially uniform laser is introduced to keep the state of motion of the implosion fluid consistent,and it is found that the proportion of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI decreases as the wavelength continues to decrease.We also optimize the spatial intensity distribution of the spatially modulated laser.In addition,as the duration of the spatially modulated laser decreases,the proportion required for completely suppressing ARTI increases,but the required energy decreases.When the perturbation wavenumber decreases,the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI becomes longer.In the case of multimode perturbation,ARTI can also be significantly suppressed by a spatially modulated laser,and the perturbation amplitude can be reduced to less than 10% of that without a spatially modulated laser.We believe that the conclusions drawn from our simulations can provide the basis for new approaches to control ARTI in ICF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071143,82371000,82270361)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022795)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1801)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through the Science,Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit(YJXYYJSDW4)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(CXZX202227).
文摘Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.
文摘Hydrodynamic cavitation,as an efficient technique applied in many physical and chemical treatment methods,has been widely used by various industries and in several technological fields.Relevant generators,designed with specific structures and parameters,can produce cavitation effects,thereby enabling effective treatment and reasonable transformation of substances.This paper reviews the design principles,performance,and practical applications associated with different types of cavitation generators,aiming to provide theoretical support for the optimization of these systems.It systematically analyzes the underpinning mechanisms and the various factors influencing the cavitation phenomena,also conducting a comparative analysis of the performance of different types of generators.Specific applications dealing with wastewater treatment,chemical reaction acceleration,and other fields are discussed together with the advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of each type of cavitation generator.We also explore research progress in areas such as cavitation stability,energy efficiency,and equipment design upgrades.The study concludes by forecasting the application prospects of intelligent design and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in optimizing and advancing cavitation generators.It proposes new ideas for the further development of cavitation technology and highlights directions for its widespread future application.
基金supported by the studies of intelligent LLRF control algorithms for superconducting RF cavities(No.E129851YR0)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20261)Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Stability Study of Superconducting Linear Accelerators(No.E429851YR0)。
文摘Superconducting radio-frequency(SRF)cavities are the core components of SRF linear accelerators,making their stable operation considerably important.However,the operational experience from different accelerator laboratories has revealed that SRF faults are the leading cause of short machine downtime trips.When a cavity fault occurs,system experts analyze the time-series data recorded by low-level RF systems and identify the fault type.However,this requires expertise and intuition,posing a major challenge for control-room operators.Here,we propose an expert feature-based machine learning model for automating SRF cavity fault recognition.The main challenge in converting the"expert reasoning"process for SRF faults into a"model inference"process lies in feature extraction,which is attributed to the associated multidimensional and complex time-series waveforms.Existing autoregression-based feature-extraction methods require the signal to be stable and autocorrelated,resulting in difficulty in capturing the abrupt features that exist in several SRF failure patterns.To address these issues,we introduce expertise into the classification model through reasonable feature engineering.We demonstrate the feasibility of this method using the SRF cavity of the China accelerator facility for superheavy elements(CAFE2).Although specific faults in SRF cavities may vary across different accelerators,similarities exist in the RF signals.Therefore,this study provides valuable guidance for fault analysis of the entire SRF community.
