In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples ...In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.展开更多
In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples re...In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples referred who addicts in clinics of Welfare Organization, during of detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 42 ± 18. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anowa one way, and P 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The P value of this study was P = 0.000. In this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC （thin-layer chromatography） is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing. Also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse.展开更多
Over the years, it was getting attention to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injected drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. This study investigated the frequency of risky behavior...Over the years, it was getting attention to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injected drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. This study investigated the frequency of risky behaviors for HCV carriers and IDUs who were HIV carriers in methadone maintenance treatment program. The subjects, intravenously injected heroin abusers, were collected from a special methadone maintenance treatment clinic. The survey included characteristics of participants, sexual activity and attitude towards condom usage. The total number of subjects was 151. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0. The analytical methods included descriptive analysis, Fisher’s exact test, and the logistic regression model. The study showed that 82% of intravenously injected heroin abusers were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive, and 44.4% were hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive;89.5% of HIV-positive heroin abusers were type C hepatitis positive. Only 21.2% of these intra-venously injected heroin abusers always used a condom, and 39.7% never used a condom during sexual activity. Logistic regression analysis showed smoking, sharing syringes needles, HBV status and condom use status were four main risk factors on HIV infection. Sharing or using contaminated syringes needles was the main cause of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection in the drug addiction group. Since our government has the policy of providing a methadone maintenance treatment program, the spread of HIV is under control, but knowledge about HIV and safe sex education still needs improvement.展开更多
Despite the official statistics showing that the number of drug users has been declining, the problem of drug abuse remains serious in Hong Kong. This problem is evidenced by the trend of hidden and prolonged drug abu...Despite the official statistics showing that the number of drug users has been declining, the problem of drug abuse remains serious in Hong Kong. This problem is evidenced by the trend of hidden and prolonged drug abuse. The recovery of drug abusers is an important process, because the misuse of drugs can cause many bio-psycho-social complications. Therefore, 11 Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in different districts in Hong Kong play an important role on those drug abusers [<a href="#ref1">1]. As a core community-based drug rehabilitation service in Hong Kong, studies about CCPSAs are limited. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the experience of drug abusers participating in community-based drug rehabilitation services provided by CCPSAs. Five CCPSA users, who utilized the services for more than two months, participated in the semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data collected were then analysed by thematic analysis, and five themes were generated: 1) receiving supportive counselling service in CCPSAs, 2) revealing variance towards nonmandatory services in CCPSAs, 3) encountering intrapersonal conflicts when participating in CCPSAs, 4) expanding social network through integration in group activities and 5) wishing to be a companion to other drug abusers. Findings of this study provide valuable insights towards services modification and the enhancement of drug rehabilitation and drug abusers’ wellbeing over the collaboration of healthcare workers, services providers and the media. However, this study has some limitations, and it presents suggestions for future research.展开更多
In this study, we investigated alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin abusers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that, compared with norm...In this study, we investigated alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin abusers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that, compared with normal controls, in heroin abusers the left prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left hippocampus, right anterior cingulate, left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right precuneus. However, the right prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left orbital frontal cortex and the left middle frontal gyrus in chronic heroin abusers. These alterations of resting-state functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortices of heroin abusers suggest that their frontal executive neural network may be impaired, and that this may contribute to their continued heroin abuse and relapse after withdrawal.展开更多
This study evaluates variables concerning demographic characteristics for all adult male offenders convicted of Child Sexual Abuse(CSA)aged 0–17 in Malmö,Sweden between 2013 and 2018.All convictions(n=18)based o...This study evaluates variables concerning demographic characteristics for all adult male offenders convicted of Child Sexual Abuse(CSA)aged 0–17 in Malmö,Sweden between 2013 and 2018.All convictions(n=18)based on court documents from the District Court,the Court of Appeals and information from the Swedish Tax Agency were reviewed.A total of 30 victims were identified.Frequency analyses show that the most common features were that of a single offender,averaging 25 years old,with a non-Swedish background and a high school degree.The predominately extrafamilial CSA(i.e.committed by an acquaintance to the family)occurred in a private setting and consisted of penetrative acts.Girls averaging 13years old were abused multiple times,under fear and pressure.Although assumptions based on these results are preliminary,they provide a clearer image of the typical circumstances under which CSA occurred within this time frame and geographical location.This study is a first attempt to construct an overview of demographic characteristics of CSA.As more data are gathered from this region,more sophisticated analyses can be conducted,providing stronger generalizations.Information of this kind may be important for research,classification of offender profiling and in case linking.展开更多
The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of th...The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of the phenomenon within certain Christian religious groups,such as lay associations and movements,although it can take place within other more formal ecclesial structures such as dioceses,parishes,and institutes of consecrated life,too.The features of spiritual abuse are outlined,together with the urgency concerning an increased awareness about it.The Catholic Church,at a universal level,is in the process of delving more deeply into the phenomenon as it seeks to prepare useful guidelines with the aim of safeguarding the vulnerable who may be potential victims of this kind of abuse.The subtlety of the latter is coupled with the fact that it may be conveniently disguised under the cover of spiritual input,practices and prayer,as well as personal and communal spiritual relationships.展开更多
Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and...Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.展开更多
Heart failure(HF)is a growing public health concern,with an increasing inci-dence among younger populations.Traditionally,HF was considered a condition primarily affecting the elderly,but of late,emerging evidence hin...Heart failure(HF)is a growing public health concern,with an increasing inci-dence among younger populations.Traditionally,HF was considered a condition primarily affecting the elderly,but of late,emerging evidence hints at a rapidly rising HF incidence in youth in the past 2 decades.HF in youth has been linked to a complex interaction between emerging risk factors,such as metabolic syndrome,environmental exposures,genetic predispositions,and lifestyle behaviors.This review examines these evolving determinants,including substance abuse,autoim-mune diseases,and the long-term cardiovascular effects of coronavirus disease 2019,which disproportionately affect younger individuals.Through a compre-hensive analysis,the study highlights the importance of early detection,targeted prevention strategies,and multidisciplinary management approaches to address this alarming trend.Promoting awareness and integrating age-specific interven-tions could significantly reduce the burden of HF and improve long-term out-comes among younger populations.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic had a profound societal impact in the United States which was associated with a decrease in overall life expectancy and an increase in substance abuse and fire...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic had a profound societal impact in the United States which was associated with a decrease in overall life expectancy and an increase in substance abuse and firearm injury.Our under-standing of changes in mortality trends during the pandemic and its effect on organ availability for transplantation is limited.AIM To examine the trends of substance abuse and firearm injury fatalities during COVID-19 and a potential correlation with organ transplantation.METHODS Crude rates of population-based deaths among adults(18-75 years)from firearm injury and substance abuse from the period of 2014-2021 were obtained from centers of disease control wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research database.Crude rates of causes of donor(18-75 years)deaths from 2014-2021 were obtained from the united network for organ sharing database.RESULTS Average annual percentage change(AAPC)deaths among the United States population were 16.4%from substance abuse and 3.4%from firearm injury.AAPC in cause of death among organ donors was 10.9%from drug intoxication and 2.1%from firearm injury.There was a significant(P<0.001)and progressive increase in mortality from both causes during the pandemic(2020-2021)and significant correlation(P<0.001)between population and donor causes of death.COVID-19 exacerbated trends in substance abuse and firearm mortality with a consequent increase in organ donation from donors who died from these two causes.CONCLUSION Identifying the socioeconomic and regional disparities associated with increase in deaths from substance abuse and firearms can help guide post-pandemic healthcare policies and mitigate their impact on organ transplantation.展开更多
Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surve...Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surveys from 337 employees across diverse organizations.The results indicate that vicarious abusive supervision significantly undermines both self-efficacy and task performance among employees who are indirectly exposed to such behavior but not directly targeted.Furthermore,self-efficacy serves as a mediator between vicarious abusive supervision and task performance;however,this mediating effect is attenuated for employees with a high promotion focus.These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights,particularly in the domain of organizational behavior,by emphasizing the critical role of promotion focus in mitigating the negative effects of vicarious abusive supervision.This research contributes to the organizational behavior literature by shifting the focus from the traditional supervisor-subordinate dynamic to a third-party perspective,thereby enriching our understanding of how vicarious abusive supervision impacts employees within organizational settings.The study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and promotion focus as key factors in unethical leadership contexts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Several conditions may present with acute neurological symptoms,thus mimicking the presentation of stroke.Although the underlying disorder can be diagnosed after careful medical,neurological,and radiologica...BACKGROUND Several conditions may present with acute neurological symptoms,thus mimicking the presentation of stroke.Although the underlying disorder can be diagnosed after careful medical,neurological,and radiological examinations,a few conditions,such as Wernicke encephalopathy(WE),may present a particular diagnostic difficulty.WE is a neurological disorder caused by deficiency of thiamine(B1 vitamin),most often resulting from alcoholism,malnutrition,hyperemesis gravidarum or bariatric surgery.The diagnosis of WE in a certain historical,clinical setting is easily suggested,but in a few cases presenting with acute neurological deficits,it can be particularly challenging.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 63-year-old man who was brought to the emergency department after developing weakness of the left extremities,dizziness and a confusional state,which had lasted for approximately 30 minutes.The patient had a similar episode of a confusional state approximately two months earlier;at that time,a transient ischemic attack was suspected and he was started on aspirin.The initial clinical evaluation and imaging findings were unremarkable for stroke,but the patient’s symptoms,history of chronic alcohol abuse and abnormal liver function tests prompted the consideration of WE.Magnetic resonance imaging findings in subthalamic areas and electroencephalogram data of diffuse delta activity supported this diagnosis.CONCLUSION Through this case report,we aim to underscore the importance of considering WE as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of stroke,especially when the presentation is atypical or when risk factors for thiamine deficiency are present.Since intravenous thiamine significantly improves outcomes,delayed recognition and treatment in some cases might be deleterious.展开更多
The study examined work engagement and coping strategies in the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors among hospitality employees.Participants were 386 frontline hospitality employees(50.8%fem...The study examined work engagement and coping strategies in the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors among hospitality employees.Participants were 386 frontline hospitality employees(50.8%females;38.9%with 1–5 years of experience;78.3%in the 18–40 age range).They self-reported coping strategies,abusive supervision,work engagement,and helping behaviors.Structural equation model results showed that abusive supervision to be associated with lower employee helping behaviors.Work engagement was higher with employees’helping behaviors.Engaged employees would unleash helping behaviors.Work engagement mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors,lowering the abusive supervision risk.Finally,avoidance of contact exacerbated the moderated abusive supervision–work engagement relationship for lower work engagement,while support-seeking and reframing exerted no moderation role.Findings suggest that avoiding an immediate supervisor exacerbates abusive supervision.Hence,applying behavior-based interviews when hiring supervisors would be of strategic advantage to employees’productivity.展开更多
乳腺健康对于女性来说至关重要,它不仅关系到女性的生理健康,还直接影响到女性的生活质量。近年来,随着医疗技术的不断进步,自动乳腺容积超声成像技术(Automated Breast Ultra Sound,简称ABUS)以其独特的优势,成为守护乳腺健康的重要工...乳腺健康对于女性来说至关重要,它不仅关系到女性的生理健康,还直接影响到女性的生活质量。近年来,随着医疗技术的不断进步,自动乳腺容积超声成像技术(Automated Breast Ultra Sound,简称ABUS)以其独特的优势,成为守护乳腺健康的重要工具。本文将详细介绍乳腺的重要性、乳腺疾病的常见类型、传统乳腺超声技术的局限性以及ABUS技术的原理、优势和应用,旨在提高公众对乳腺健康的重视,并了解如何通过先进的超声技术来守护乳腺健康。展开更多
Metformin is generally safe but can cause lactic acidosis and rarely organ dysfunction during overdose.Misuse for weight loss,especially in undiagnosed eating disorder,is concerning.In stigmatized settings such condit...Metformin is generally safe but can cause lactic acidosis and rarely organ dysfunction during overdose.Misuse for weight loss,especially in undiagnosed eating disorder,is concerning.In stigmatized settings such conditions may go unrecognized This case illustrated severe complications from chronic metformin abuse in a young female with suspected anorexia nervosa,highlighting the need for integrated medical and psychiatric care.To the best of our knowledge,this is only the second case report of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)due to metformin toxicity.CASE SUMMARY Here,we reported a rare case of MODS involving four organs due to metformin abuse.A 22-year-old female located in Syria with a history suspicious of anorexia nervosa presented with dehydration,diarrhea,and altered consciousness.Labs revealed mixed high and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis from starvation ketosis and bicarbonate loss.She recovered with supportive care but returned 3 months later in shock with severe acidemia,kidney injury,pancreatitis,and liver dysfunction,consistent with MODS.Further history revealed chronic metformin abuse(up to 3000 mg/day)for weight loss.She recovered fully and began cognitive behavioral therapy.This case underscored the dangers of metformin misuse in eating disorders.CONCLUSION This case highlighted the potentially life-threatening consequences of surreptitious metformin abuse in the context of an underlying eating disorder.Early recognition,thorough history-taking,and multidisciplinary management,including psychiatric support,are essential for recovery and prevention of recurrence.展开更多
Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenol...Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenolamides(seldom concerned)in rape bee pollen and their protective mechanism on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Different from the previous finding that flavonoids are dominant polyphenols in bee pollen polyphenolic extract,our results demonstrated that there are only three flavonoids but 24 phenolamides in the as-prepared rape bee pollen phenolic extract(PPE).In addition,PPE was found to significantly improve the viability(from 54.9%to 84.1%,89.2%,and 94.0%)of alcohol-induced AML12 cells and alleviate alcoholinduced cell apoptosis(from 28.5%to 22.89%,22.0%,and 17.4%).To dissect the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of PPE against ALD,the molecular pathway was identified by RNA-Seq analysis.Transcriptome data revealed that PPE may protect against ALD by decreasing inflammation,cholesterol,and fatty acid synthesis(P<0.05).The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)model was used to further evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of PPE in vivo,and the results validated that PPE could alleviate liver injury and hepatic steatosis(from 22.7%to 11.5%and 10.9%)induced by alcohol.As the dominant polyphenols in PPE,phenolamides can be a class of valuable polyphenolic compounds in bee pollen with the potential to alleviate ALD.展开更多
The spectrum user’s librarys containing 1533 familiar toxicants have been built; A method with high separability and sensitivity has been found,The RT and the detection limit of 210 familiar abuse drugs has been conf...The spectrum user’s librarys containing 1533 familiar toxicants have been built; A method with high separability and sensitivity has been found,The RT and the detection limit of 210 familiar abuse drugs has been confirmed; the processing methods to analyse spectrum data automatically have been found; It is simple,quick,sensitive and reliable,and can take place of manual operation,It is very useful to screen the familiar toxicants in unkown sample.展开更多
AIM:Recent studies in Iran has shown that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Iranian prisoners is high, in spite of low HCV seroprevalence in general population. METHODS: This study was carried out ...AIM:Recent studies in Iran has shown that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Iranian prisoners is high, in spite of low HCV seroprevalence in general population. METHODS: This study was carried out in the central prison of Hamedan - Iran, in year 2002. Inmates were interviewed using a standard questionnaire including demographic, imprisonment history and HCV-related risk behaviors items. Thereafter, the sera drawn from the participants were tested for anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies. RESULTS: A total number of 427 drug abuser inmates participated in our study. Three hundred and ninety-seven (93%) were men and 30 (7%) were women. Total number of IV drug abusers (IDA) and non-IV drug abusers (NIDA) was 149 (34.9%) and 278 (65.1%), respectively. The overall rate of antibody positivity among inmates was 0.9% for HIV and 30% for HCV. Of all IDAs, 31.5% and of NIDAs, 29.1% had serological evidence of HCV infection. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of HCV infection among drug abuser prisoners in comparison with the general population in Iran, is very high (30% vs in italics 0.2%). Our results indicate the importance of policies to prevent transmission of HCV infection during and following incarceration.展开更多
文摘In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.
文摘In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples referred who addicts in clinics of Welfare Organization, during of detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 42 ± 18. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anowa one way, and P 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The P value of this study was P = 0.000. In this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC （thin-layer chromatography） is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing. Also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse.
文摘Over the years, it was getting attention to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injected drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. This study investigated the frequency of risky behaviors for HCV carriers and IDUs who were HIV carriers in methadone maintenance treatment program. The subjects, intravenously injected heroin abusers, were collected from a special methadone maintenance treatment clinic. The survey included characteristics of participants, sexual activity and attitude towards condom usage. The total number of subjects was 151. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0. The analytical methods included descriptive analysis, Fisher’s exact test, and the logistic regression model. The study showed that 82% of intravenously injected heroin abusers were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive, and 44.4% were hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive;89.5% of HIV-positive heroin abusers were type C hepatitis positive. Only 21.2% of these intra-venously injected heroin abusers always used a condom, and 39.7% never used a condom during sexual activity. Logistic regression analysis showed smoking, sharing syringes needles, HBV status and condom use status were four main risk factors on HIV infection. Sharing or using contaminated syringes needles was the main cause of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection in the drug addiction group. Since our government has the policy of providing a methadone maintenance treatment program, the spread of HIV is under control, but knowledge about HIV and safe sex education still needs improvement.
文摘Despite the official statistics showing that the number of drug users has been declining, the problem of drug abuse remains serious in Hong Kong. This problem is evidenced by the trend of hidden and prolonged drug abuse. The recovery of drug abusers is an important process, because the misuse of drugs can cause many bio-psycho-social complications. Therefore, 11 Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in different districts in Hong Kong play an important role on those drug abusers [<a href="#ref1">1]. As a core community-based drug rehabilitation service in Hong Kong, studies about CCPSAs are limited. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the experience of drug abusers participating in community-based drug rehabilitation services provided by CCPSAs. Five CCPSA users, who utilized the services for more than two months, participated in the semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data collected were then analysed by thematic analysis, and five themes were generated: 1) receiving supportive counselling service in CCPSAs, 2) revealing variance towards nonmandatory services in CCPSAs, 3) encountering intrapersonal conflicts when participating in CCPSAs, 4) expanding social network through integration in group activities and 5) wishing to be a companion to other drug abusers. Findings of this study provide valuable insights towards services modification and the enhancement of drug rehabilitation and drug abusers’ wellbeing over the collaboration of healthcare workers, services providers and the media. However, this study has some limitations, and it presents suggestions for future research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973084
文摘In this study, we investigated alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin abusers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that, compared with normal controls, in heroin abusers the left prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left hippocampus, right anterior cingulate, left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and right precuneus. However, the right prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left orbital frontal cortex and the left middle frontal gyrus in chronic heroin abusers. These alterations of resting-state functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortices of heroin abusers suggest that their frontal executive neural network may be impaired, and that this may contribute to their continued heroin abuse and relapse after withdrawal.
文摘This study evaluates variables concerning demographic characteristics for all adult male offenders convicted of Child Sexual Abuse(CSA)aged 0–17 in Malmö,Sweden between 2013 and 2018.All convictions(n=18)based on court documents from the District Court,the Court of Appeals and information from the Swedish Tax Agency were reviewed.A total of 30 victims were identified.Frequency analyses show that the most common features were that of a single offender,averaging 25 years old,with a non-Swedish background and a high school degree.The predominately extrafamilial CSA(i.e.committed by an acquaintance to the family)occurred in a private setting and consisted of penetrative acts.Girls averaging 13years old were abused multiple times,under fear and pressure.Although assumptions based on these results are preliminary,they provide a clearer image of the typical circumstances under which CSA occurred within this time frame and geographical location.This study is a first attempt to construct an overview of demographic characteristics of CSA.As more data are gathered from this region,more sophisticated analyses can be conducted,providing stronger generalizations.Information of this kind may be important for research,classification of offender profiling and in case linking.
文摘The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of the phenomenon within certain Christian religious groups,such as lay associations and movements,although it can take place within other more formal ecclesial structures such as dioceses,parishes,and institutes of consecrated life,too.The features of spiritual abuse are outlined,together with the urgency concerning an increased awareness about it.The Catholic Church,at a universal level,is in the process of delving more deeply into the phenomenon as it seeks to prepare useful guidelines with the aim of safeguarding the vulnerable who may be potential victims of this kind of abuse.The subtlety of the latter is coupled with the fact that it may be conveniently disguised under the cover of spiritual input,practices and prayer,as well as personal and communal spiritual relationships.
基金funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP19K19762,JP 23K10258)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Japan.
文摘Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.
文摘Heart failure(HF)is a growing public health concern,with an increasing inci-dence among younger populations.Traditionally,HF was considered a condition primarily affecting the elderly,but of late,emerging evidence hints at a rapidly rising HF incidence in youth in the past 2 decades.HF in youth has been linked to a complex interaction between emerging risk factors,such as metabolic syndrome,environmental exposures,genetic predispositions,and lifestyle behaviors.This review examines these evolving determinants,including substance abuse,autoim-mune diseases,and the long-term cardiovascular effects of coronavirus disease 2019,which disproportionately affect younger individuals.Through a compre-hensive analysis,the study highlights the importance of early detection,targeted prevention strategies,and multidisciplinary management approaches to address this alarming trend.Promoting awareness and integrating age-specific interven-tions could significantly reduce the burden of HF and improve long-term out-comes among younger populations.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic had a profound societal impact in the United States which was associated with a decrease in overall life expectancy and an increase in substance abuse and firearm injury.Our under-standing of changes in mortality trends during the pandemic and its effect on organ availability for transplantation is limited.AIM To examine the trends of substance abuse and firearm injury fatalities during COVID-19 and a potential correlation with organ transplantation.METHODS Crude rates of population-based deaths among adults(18-75 years)from firearm injury and substance abuse from the period of 2014-2021 were obtained from centers of disease control wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research database.Crude rates of causes of donor(18-75 years)deaths from 2014-2021 were obtained from the united network for organ sharing database.RESULTS Average annual percentage change(AAPC)deaths among the United States population were 16.4%from substance abuse and 3.4%from firearm injury.AAPC in cause of death among organ donors was 10.9%from drug intoxication and 2.1%from firearm injury.There was a significant(P<0.001)and progressive increase in mortality from both causes during the pandemic(2020-2021)and significant correlation(P<0.001)between population and donor causes of death.COVID-19 exacerbated trends in substance abuse and firearm mortality with a consequent increase in organ donation from donors who died from these two causes.CONCLUSION Identifying the socioeconomic and regional disparities associated with increase in deaths from substance abuse and firearms can help guide post-pandemic healthcare policies and mitigate their impact on organ transplantation.
文摘Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surveys from 337 employees across diverse organizations.The results indicate that vicarious abusive supervision significantly undermines both self-efficacy and task performance among employees who are indirectly exposed to such behavior but not directly targeted.Furthermore,self-efficacy serves as a mediator between vicarious abusive supervision and task performance;however,this mediating effect is attenuated for employees with a high promotion focus.These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights,particularly in the domain of organizational behavior,by emphasizing the critical role of promotion focus in mitigating the negative effects of vicarious abusive supervision.This research contributes to the organizational behavior literature by shifting the focus from the traditional supervisor-subordinate dynamic to a third-party perspective,thereby enriching our understanding of how vicarious abusive supervision impacts employees within organizational settings.The study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and promotion focus as key factors in unethical leadership contexts.
文摘BACKGROUND Several conditions may present with acute neurological symptoms,thus mimicking the presentation of stroke.Although the underlying disorder can be diagnosed after careful medical,neurological,and radiological examinations,a few conditions,such as Wernicke encephalopathy(WE),may present a particular diagnostic difficulty.WE is a neurological disorder caused by deficiency of thiamine(B1 vitamin),most often resulting from alcoholism,malnutrition,hyperemesis gravidarum or bariatric surgery.The diagnosis of WE in a certain historical,clinical setting is easily suggested,but in a few cases presenting with acute neurological deficits,it can be particularly challenging.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 63-year-old man who was brought to the emergency department after developing weakness of the left extremities,dizziness and a confusional state,which had lasted for approximately 30 minutes.The patient had a similar episode of a confusional state approximately two months earlier;at that time,a transient ischemic attack was suspected and he was started on aspirin.The initial clinical evaluation and imaging findings were unremarkable for stroke,but the patient’s symptoms,history of chronic alcohol abuse and abnormal liver function tests prompted the consideration of WE.Magnetic resonance imaging findings in subthalamic areas and electroencephalogram data of diffuse delta activity supported this diagnosis.CONCLUSION Through this case report,we aim to underscore the importance of considering WE as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of stroke,especially when the presentation is atypical or when risk factors for thiamine deficiency are present.Since intravenous thiamine significantly improves outcomes,delayed recognition and treatment in some cases might be deleterious.
文摘The study examined work engagement and coping strategies in the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors among hospitality employees.Participants were 386 frontline hospitality employees(50.8%females;38.9%with 1–5 years of experience;78.3%in the 18–40 age range).They self-reported coping strategies,abusive supervision,work engagement,and helping behaviors.Structural equation model results showed that abusive supervision to be associated with lower employee helping behaviors.Work engagement was higher with employees’helping behaviors.Engaged employees would unleash helping behaviors.Work engagement mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and helping behaviors,lowering the abusive supervision risk.Finally,avoidance of contact exacerbated the moderated abusive supervision–work engagement relationship for lower work engagement,while support-seeking and reframing exerted no moderation role.Findings suggest that avoiding an immediate supervisor exacerbates abusive supervision.Hence,applying behavior-based interviews when hiring supervisors would be of strategic advantage to employees’productivity.
文摘乳腺健康对于女性来说至关重要,它不仅关系到女性的生理健康,还直接影响到女性的生活质量。近年来,随着医疗技术的不断进步,自动乳腺容积超声成像技术(Automated Breast Ultra Sound,简称ABUS)以其独特的优势,成为守护乳腺健康的重要工具。本文将详细介绍乳腺的重要性、乳腺疾病的常见类型、传统乳腺超声技术的局限性以及ABUS技术的原理、优势和应用,旨在提高公众对乳腺健康的重视,并了解如何通过先进的超声技术来守护乳腺健康。
文摘Metformin is generally safe but can cause lactic acidosis and rarely organ dysfunction during overdose.Misuse for weight loss,especially in undiagnosed eating disorder,is concerning.In stigmatized settings such conditions may go unrecognized This case illustrated severe complications from chronic metformin abuse in a young female with suspected anorexia nervosa,highlighting the need for integrated medical and psychiatric care.To the best of our knowledge,this is only the second case report of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)due to metformin toxicity.CASE SUMMARY Here,we reported a rare case of MODS involving four organs due to metformin abuse.A 22-year-old female located in Syria with a history suspicious of anorexia nervosa presented with dehydration,diarrhea,and altered consciousness.Labs revealed mixed high and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis from starvation ketosis and bicarbonate loss.She recovered with supportive care but returned 3 months later in shock with severe acidemia,kidney injury,pancreatitis,and liver dysfunction,consistent with MODS.Further history revealed chronic metformin abuse(up to 3000 mg/day)for weight loss.She recovered fully and began cognitive behavioral therapy.This case underscored the dangers of metformin misuse in eating disorders.CONCLUSION This case highlighted the potentially life-threatening consequences of surreptitious metformin abuse in the context of an underlying eating disorder.Early recognition,thorough history-taking,and multidisciplinary management,including psychiatric support,are essential for recovery and prevention of recurrence.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BBA0072)Applied Fundamental Frontier Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(2020020601012271)。
文摘Rape bee pollen has attracted increasing interests for its excellent protective effect against chemicalinduced liver injury owing to its abundant polyphenols.This study aims to analyze the types and contents of phenolamides(seldom concerned)in rape bee pollen and their protective mechanism on alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Different from the previous finding that flavonoids are dominant polyphenols in bee pollen polyphenolic extract,our results demonstrated that there are only three flavonoids but 24 phenolamides in the as-prepared rape bee pollen phenolic extract(PPE).In addition,PPE was found to significantly improve the viability(from 54.9%to 84.1%,89.2%,and 94.0%)of alcohol-induced AML12 cells and alleviate alcoholinduced cell apoptosis(from 28.5%to 22.89%,22.0%,and 17.4%).To dissect the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of PPE against ALD,the molecular pathway was identified by RNA-Seq analysis.Transcriptome data revealed that PPE may protect against ALD by decreasing inflammation,cholesterol,and fatty acid synthesis(P<0.05).The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)model was used to further evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of PPE in vivo,and the results validated that PPE could alleviate liver injury and hepatic steatosis(from 22.7%to 11.5%and 10.9%)induced by alcohol.As the dominant polyphenols in PPE,phenolamides can be a class of valuable polyphenolic compounds in bee pollen with the potential to alleviate ALD.
文摘The spectrum user’s librarys containing 1533 familiar toxicants have been built; A method with high separability and sensitivity has been found,The RT and the detection limit of 210 familiar abuse drugs has been confirmed; the processing methods to analyse spectrum data automatically have been found; It is simple,quick,sensitive and reliable,and can take place of manual operation,It is very useful to screen the familiar toxicants in unkown sample.
文摘AIM:Recent studies in Iran has shown that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Iranian prisoners is high, in spite of low HCV seroprevalence in general population. METHODS: This study was carried out in the central prison of Hamedan - Iran, in year 2002. Inmates were interviewed using a standard questionnaire including demographic, imprisonment history and HCV-related risk behaviors items. Thereafter, the sera drawn from the participants were tested for anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies. RESULTS: A total number of 427 drug abuser inmates participated in our study. Three hundred and ninety-seven (93%) were men and 30 (7%) were women. Total number of IV drug abusers (IDA) and non-IV drug abusers (NIDA) was 149 (34.9%) and 278 (65.1%), respectively. The overall rate of antibody positivity among inmates was 0.9% for HIV and 30% for HCV. Of all IDAs, 31.5% and of NIDAs, 29.1% had serological evidence of HCV infection. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of HCV infection among drug abuser prisoners in comparison with the general population in Iran, is very high (30% vs in italics 0.2%). Our results indicate the importance of policies to prevent transmission of HCV infection during and following incarceration.
