TENORM Regulation in the United States of America post-West Virginia vs.EPA Spenser Lynn,Charles Wilson,Emily Caffrey1(1.University of Alabama at Birmingham,School of Health Professions,Clinical and Diagnostic Science...TENORM Regulation in the United States of America post-West Virginia vs.EPA Spenser Lynn,Charles Wilson,Emily Caffrey1(1.University of Alabama at Birmingham,School of Health Professions,Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences,Health Physics Program,1720 University Blvd,Birmingham,AL 35294)Abstract:The regulation of technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials(TENORM)in the United States of America consists of fragmentary rules split between the federal and state governments.展开更多
Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on the Degree of Ocular Damage Caused by 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Exposure Masami Kojima1,2,Takafumi Tasaki3,4,Toshio Kamijo5,Aki Hada5,Yukihisa Suzuki5,Masateru Ikehata6,Hi...Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on the Degree of Ocular Damage Caused by 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Exposure Masami Kojima1,2,Takafumi Tasaki3,4,Toshio Kamijo5,Aki Hada5,Yukihisa Suzuki5,Masateru Ikehata6,Hiroshi Sasaki1,2(1.Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health,Medical Research Institute,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;2.Department of Ophthalmology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;3.Division of Protein Regulation Research,Medical Research Institute;4.Department of Medical Zoology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;5.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Graduate School of Systems Design,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Tokyo,Japan;6.Comfort Science and Engineering Laboratory,Human Science Division,Railway Technical Research Institute,Tokyo,Japan)Abstract:Millimeter waves(MMW)are pervasive in society;however,studies on the biological effects of MMWexposure are usually performed in laboratory settings not reflecting global environmental diversity.We investigated the effects of a 6 min exposure to 60 GHz MMW(wavelength,5.0 mm)at incident power densities of 200 and 300 mW cm-2 in eyes(exposed right eyes vs.unexposed left eyes)under various ambient temperature/relative humidity environments(24℃/50%,45℃/20%,and 45℃/80%)using an in vivo rabbit model.Correlations were examined with adverse ocular events,including corneal epithelial damage(assessed using fluorescein staining),corneal opacity(evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy)。展开更多
Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant ad...Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.展开更多
This study systematically analyzes the genre structure and linguistic features of 42 English abstracts from six internationally renowned medical journals,based on the revised CARS model proposed by Swales.The research...This study systematically analyzes the genre structure and linguistic features of 42 English abstracts from six internationally renowned medical journals,based on the revised CARS model proposed by Swales.The research findings indicate that medical abstracts typically follow a three-step structure:“Establishing a Research Territory-Establishing a Research Niche-Occupying the Niche”,where the steps“Research Purpose”and“Research Results”are the most frequently utilized,forming the core content of the abstracts.Within the sequence of moves,81%conform to conventional patterns,while a minority of samples exhibit unconventional structures such as inversion,cycling,and repetition.In terms of linguistic features,the present simple tense and active voice are predominantly used,reflecting the universality of the research and the author’s agency;conversely,the simple past tense and passive voice are primarily employed to describe research methods and processes.This study reveals the writing conventions of medical abstracts,providing empirical evidence and genre reference for non-native scholars in the preparation and publication of their work in international journals.展开更多
English for Specific Academic Purposes(ESAP)focuses on English language skills in specific disciplines or research fields,and has played an important role in international communication in recent years.This paper aims...English for Specific Academic Purposes(ESAP)focuses on English language skills in specific disciplines or research fields,and has played an important role in international communication in recent years.This paper aims to explore the relationship between ESAP,the output of academic paper abstracts,and international communication effectiveness,so as to provide new ideas for enhancing international communication effectiveness.Through a questionnaire survey and combined with the structural equation model analysis method,the results show that the improvement of ESAP has a positive effect on the output of academic paper abstracts and international communication effectiveness;the output of academic paper abstracts can also positively enhance international communication effectiveness;meanwhile,the output of academic paper abstracts has a significant mediating effect.展开更多
Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of ...Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.展开更多
The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features ...The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed.展开更多
Purpose:Mo ve recognition in scientific abstracts is an NLP task of classifying sentences of the abstracts into different types of language units.To improve the performance of move recognition in scientific abstracts,...Purpose:Mo ve recognition in scientific abstracts is an NLP task of classifying sentences of the abstracts into different types of language units.To improve the performance of move recognition in scientific abstracts,a novel model of move recognition is proposed that outperforms the BERT-based method.Design/methodology/approach:Prevalent models based on BERT for sentence classification often classify sentences without considering the context of the sentences.In this paper,inspired by the BERT masked language model(MLM),we propose a novel model called the masked sentence model that integrates the content and contextual information of the sentences in move recognition.Experiments are conducted on the benchmark dataset PubMed 20K RCT in three steps.Then,we compare our model with HSLN-RNN,BERT-based and SciBERT using the same dataset.Findings:Compared with the BERT-based and SciBERT models,the F1 score of our model outperforms them by 4.96%and 4.34%,respectively,which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel model and the result of our model comes closest to the state-of-theart results of HSLN-RNN at present.Research limitations:The sequential features of move labels are not considered,which might be one of the reasons why HSLN-RNN has better performance.Our model is restricted to dealing with biomedical English literature because we use a dataset from PubMed,which is a typical biomedical database,to fine-tune our model.Practical implications:The proposed model is better and simpler in identifying move structures in scientific abstracts and is worthy of text classification experiments for capturing contextual features of sentences.Originality/value:T he study proposes a masked sentence model based on BERT that considers the contextual features of the sentences in abstracts in a new way.The performance of this classification model is significantly improved by rebuilding the input layer without changing the structure of neural networks.展开更多
Purpose:Automatic keyphrase extraction(AKE)is an important task for grasping the main points of the text.In this paper,we aim to combine the benefits of sequence labeling formulation and pretrained language model to p...Purpose:Automatic keyphrase extraction(AKE)is an important task for grasping the main points of the text.In this paper,we aim to combine the benefits of sequence labeling formulation and pretrained language model to propose an automatic keyphrase extraction model for Chinese scientific research.Design/methodology/approach:We regard AKE from Chinese text as a character-level sequence labeling task to avoid segmentation errors of Chinese tokenizer and initialize our model with pretrained language model BERT,which was released by Google in 2018.We collect data from Chinese Science Citation Database and construct a large-scale dataset from medical domain,which contains 100,000 abstracts as training set,6,000 abstracts as development set and 3,094 abstracts as test set.We use unsupervised keyphrase extraction methods including term frequency(TF),TF-IDF,TextRank and supervised machine learning methods including Conditional Random Field(CRF),Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Network(BiLSTM),and BiLSTM-CRF as baselines.Experiments are designed to compare word-level and character-level sequence labeling approaches on supervised machine learning models and BERT-based models.Findings:Compared with character-level BiLSTM-CRF,the best baseline model with F1 score of 50.16%,our character-level sequence labeling model based on BERT obtains F1 score of 59.80%,getting 9.64%absolute improvement.Research limitations:We just consider automatic keyphrase extraction task rather than keyphrase generation task,so only keyphrases that are occurred in the given text can be extracted.In addition,our proposed dataset is not suitable for dealing with nested keyphrases.Practical implications:We make our character-level IOB format dataset of Chinese Automatic Keyphrase Extraction from scientific Chinese medical abstracts(CAKE)publicly available for the benefits of research community,which is available at:https://github.com/possible1402/Dataset-For-Chinese-Medical-Keyphrase-Extraction.Originality/value:By designing comparative experiments,our study demonstrates that character-level formulation is more suitable for Chinese automatic keyphrase extraction task under the general trend of pretrained language models.And our proposed dataset provides a unified method for model evaluation and can promote the development of Chinese automatic keyphrase extraction to some extent.展开更多
The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts , sponsored by the Documentation andInformation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Optical Information Networkof the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chan...The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts , sponsored by the Documentation andInformation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Optical Information Networkof the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanicsand Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of the series of science andtechnology indexing periodicals published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts started a quarterly publication in 1985,with the name of Chinese Science and Technology Document Catalogues: Optics andApplied Optics. It changed into a bimonthly publication with the name of Chinese Opticsand Applied Optics Abstracts in 1987. In combination with the Chinese Optics Documen-展开更多
Prognosis of residual coal gas capacity made by the ＇Express＇ method Pavel Prokop, Pavel Zapletal, and Ivo Pegrimek Abstract An easy, reliable, and inexpensive method, called ＇Express＇ method, was described to det...Prognosis of residual coal gas capacity made by the ＇Express＇ method Pavel Prokop, Pavel Zapletal, and Ivo Pegrimek Abstract An easy, reliable, and inexpensive method, called ＇Express＇ method, was described to determine the residual gas capacity of deep mines using results from an air and gas balance. Air and gas balances are common elements of mine management and must be performed periodically. Using the process described here to obtain balance results,展开更多
In memoriam Bioch.Jorge Nelson Valz-Gianinet October 26-27,2017 Tafídel Valle,Tucumán,Argentina The abstracts have been revised and evaluated by the Scientific Committee of the Tucumán Biology Associati...In memoriam Bioch.Jorge Nelson Valz-Gianinet October 26-27,2017 Tafídel Valle,Tucumán,Argentina The abstracts have been revised and evaluated by the Scientific Committee of the Tucumán Biology Association Shortly before the beginning of the 34th Scientific Meeting,Biochemist Jorge Nelson Valz-Gianinet,a member of the Board of Directors of the Tucumán Biology Association,died in this city.展开更多
Crystallization behavior of F-free mold fluxes ZHANG Zuotai,WEN Guanghua,and ZHANG Yingyi Abstract The time-temperature-transformation(TTT) diagrams of F-free mold fluxes were constructed using single hot thermocouple...Crystallization behavior of F-free mold fluxes ZHANG Zuotai,WEN Guanghua,and ZHANG Yingyi Abstract The time-temperature-transformation(TTT) diagrams of F-free mold fluxes were constructed using single hot thermocouple technique(SHTT) and confocal scanning laser展开更多
This study presents statistical results of a comparison between English abstracts in a leading intemational medical journal and those in a Chinese one. With a genre analysis and discussion of linguistic features of th...This study presents statistical results of a comparison between English abstracts in a leading intemational medical journal and those in a Chinese one. With a genre analysis and discussion of linguistic features of these abstracts, the paper points out the weak points in the abstracts by Chinese writers and provides some suggestions for writing abstracts of medical research articles展开更多
Cooperative Reconfiguration for a Reconfigurable Mobile Robot LIU Tonglin, WU Chengdong, LI Bin, LIU Jinguo （1. State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, She...Cooperative Reconfiguration for a Reconfigurable Mobile Robot LIU Tonglin, WU Chengdong, LI Bin, LIU Jinguo （1. State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. School of Information Science ＆ Engineering, Northeast University, Shenyang 110004, China）Abstract： A main characteristic of the reconfigurable mobile robot AMOEBA-1 is that it has diverse configurations, but some reconfigurations are difficult to realize under the influence of ground conditions. A cooperative reconfiguration method is proposed to reduce reconfiguration resistance and enhance the adaptability of the robot to the environment. The mathematical model is established correspondingly. The kinematics and mechanical properties of each section of the robot are analyzed. A part of resistance is transformed into active force of reconfiguration, and transforms are actualized among five specific configurations. Further, the linearization of model based on a perturbation analysis method is used to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, an evaluation criterion is proposed for AMOEBA-I＇s cooperative reconfiguration performance. The validity of the cooperative reconfiguration method is proved by simulations and experiments.展开更多
This paper is a generic study of schematic structures and the use of modal verbs of 50 English Research Article （RA） abstracts. With Bhatia＇s （1990） model as the framework, three other move patterns were obtained...This paper is a generic study of schematic structures and the use of modal verbs of 50 English Research Article （RA） abstracts. With Bhatia＇s （1990） model as the framework, three other move patterns were obtained besides the normal move order. The density of modal verbs varies greatly from move to move with significant differences in the frequency of occurrence in different moves. The use of modal verbs is much more move-determined than discipline-determined.展开更多
Genre analysis has become one of the most important approaches to text analysis, especially in the field of English for Specific Purposes. Abstract is the essential part of the paper, which helps the readers get initi...Genre analysis has become one of the most important approaches to text analysis, especially in the field of English for Specific Purposes. Abstract is the essential part of the paper, which helps the readers get initial impressions. Because of its particular the usage of communication, it has its special rules and mode. The purpose of this paper was to present the 5-move model characteristic of research dissertation Abstracts, and explore the linguistic characteristics of each move. The analysis started from the macrostructure, i.e from the text as a whole, towards the microstructure which included linguistic description (syntactic and lexical). The results showed that most abstracts followed 5-move model and the linguistic features of this genre.展开更多
文摘TENORM Regulation in the United States of America post-West Virginia vs.EPA Spenser Lynn,Charles Wilson,Emily Caffrey1(1.University of Alabama at Birmingham,School of Health Professions,Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences,Health Physics Program,1720 University Blvd,Birmingham,AL 35294)Abstract:The regulation of technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials(TENORM)in the United States of America consists of fragmentary rules split between the federal and state governments.
文摘Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on the Degree of Ocular Damage Caused by 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Exposure Masami Kojima1,2,Takafumi Tasaki3,4,Toshio Kamijo5,Aki Hada5,Yukihisa Suzuki5,Masateru Ikehata6,Hiroshi Sasaki1,2(1.Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health,Medical Research Institute,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;2.Department of Ophthalmology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;3.Division of Protein Regulation Research,Medical Research Institute;4.Department of Medical Zoology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;5.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Graduate School of Systems Design,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Tokyo,Japan;6.Comfort Science and Engineering Laboratory,Human Science Division,Railway Technical Research Institute,Tokyo,Japan)Abstract:Millimeter waves(MMW)are pervasive in society;however,studies on the biological effects of MMWexposure are usually performed in laboratory settings not reflecting global environmental diversity.We investigated the effects of a 6 min exposure to 60 GHz MMW(wavelength,5.0 mm)at incident power densities of 200 and 300 mW cm-2 in eyes(exposed right eyes vs.unexposed left eyes)under various ambient temperature/relative humidity environments(24℃/50%,45℃/20%,and 45℃/80%)using an in vivo rabbit model.Correlations were examined with adverse ocular events,including corneal epithelial damage(assessed using fluorescein staining),corneal opacity(evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy)。
文摘Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.
文摘This study systematically analyzes the genre structure and linguistic features of 42 English abstracts from six internationally renowned medical journals,based on the revised CARS model proposed by Swales.The research findings indicate that medical abstracts typically follow a three-step structure:“Establishing a Research Territory-Establishing a Research Niche-Occupying the Niche”,where the steps“Research Purpose”and“Research Results”are the most frequently utilized,forming the core content of the abstracts.Within the sequence of moves,81%conform to conventional patterns,while a minority of samples exhibit unconventional structures such as inversion,cycling,and repetition.In terms of linguistic features,the present simple tense and active voice are predominantly used,reflecting the universality of the research and the author’s agency;conversely,the simple past tense and passive voice are primarily employed to describe research methods and processes.This study reveals the writing conventions of medical abstracts,providing empirical evidence and genre reference for non-native scholars in the preparation and publication of their work in international journals.
基金This paper is part of the research results of the National Social Science Fund Project(Project No.:21XYY015)Hainan Provincial Education Reform Project(Project No.:Hnjg2023-136)。
文摘English for Specific Academic Purposes(ESAP)focuses on English language skills in specific disciplines or research fields,and has played an important role in international communication in recent years.This paper aims to explore the relationship between ESAP,the output of academic paper abstracts,and international communication effectiveness,so as to provide new ideas for enhancing international communication effectiveness.Through a questionnaire survey and combined with the structural equation model analysis method,the results show that the improvement of ESAP has a positive effect on the output of academic paper abstracts and international communication effectiveness;the output of academic paper abstracts can also positively enhance international communication effectiveness;meanwhile,the output of academic paper abstracts has a significant mediating effect.
文摘Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.
文摘The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed.
基金supported by the project “The demonstration system of rich semantic search application in scientific literature” (Grant No. 1734) from the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Purpose:Mo ve recognition in scientific abstracts is an NLP task of classifying sentences of the abstracts into different types of language units.To improve the performance of move recognition in scientific abstracts,a novel model of move recognition is proposed that outperforms the BERT-based method.Design/methodology/approach:Prevalent models based on BERT for sentence classification often classify sentences without considering the context of the sentences.In this paper,inspired by the BERT masked language model(MLM),we propose a novel model called the masked sentence model that integrates the content and contextual information of the sentences in move recognition.Experiments are conducted on the benchmark dataset PubMed 20K RCT in three steps.Then,we compare our model with HSLN-RNN,BERT-based and SciBERT using the same dataset.Findings:Compared with the BERT-based and SciBERT models,the F1 score of our model outperforms them by 4.96%and 4.34%,respectively,which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel model and the result of our model comes closest to the state-of-theart results of HSLN-RNN at present.Research limitations:The sequential features of move labels are not considered,which might be one of the reasons why HSLN-RNN has better performance.Our model is restricted to dealing with biomedical English literature because we use a dataset from PubMed,which is a typical biomedical database,to fine-tune our model.Practical implications:The proposed model is better and simpler in identifying move structures in scientific abstracts and is worthy of text classification experiments for capturing contextual features of sentences.Originality/value:T he study proposes a masked sentence model based on BERT that considers the contextual features of the sentences in abstracts in a new way.The performance of this classification model is significantly improved by rebuilding the input layer without changing the structure of neural networks.
基金This work is supported by the project“Research on Methods and Technologies of Scientific Researcher Entity Linking and Subject Indexing”(Grant No.G190091)from the National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe project“Design and Research on a Next Generation of Open Knowledge Services System and Key Technologies”(2019XM55).
文摘Purpose:Automatic keyphrase extraction(AKE)is an important task for grasping the main points of the text.In this paper,we aim to combine the benefits of sequence labeling formulation and pretrained language model to propose an automatic keyphrase extraction model for Chinese scientific research.Design/methodology/approach:We regard AKE from Chinese text as a character-level sequence labeling task to avoid segmentation errors of Chinese tokenizer and initialize our model with pretrained language model BERT,which was released by Google in 2018.We collect data from Chinese Science Citation Database and construct a large-scale dataset from medical domain,which contains 100,000 abstracts as training set,6,000 abstracts as development set and 3,094 abstracts as test set.We use unsupervised keyphrase extraction methods including term frequency(TF),TF-IDF,TextRank and supervised machine learning methods including Conditional Random Field(CRF),Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Network(BiLSTM),and BiLSTM-CRF as baselines.Experiments are designed to compare word-level and character-level sequence labeling approaches on supervised machine learning models and BERT-based models.Findings:Compared with character-level BiLSTM-CRF,the best baseline model with F1 score of 50.16%,our character-level sequence labeling model based on BERT obtains F1 score of 59.80%,getting 9.64%absolute improvement.Research limitations:We just consider automatic keyphrase extraction task rather than keyphrase generation task,so only keyphrases that are occurred in the given text can be extracted.In addition,our proposed dataset is not suitable for dealing with nested keyphrases.Practical implications:We make our character-level IOB format dataset of Chinese Automatic Keyphrase Extraction from scientific Chinese medical abstracts(CAKE)publicly available for the benefits of research community,which is available at:https://github.com/possible1402/Dataset-For-Chinese-Medical-Keyphrase-Extraction.Originality/value:By designing comparative experiments,our study demonstrates that character-level formulation is more suitable for Chinese automatic keyphrase extraction task under the general trend of pretrained language models.And our proposed dataset provides a unified method for model evaluation and can promote the development of Chinese automatic keyphrase extraction to some extent.
文摘The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts , sponsored by the Documentation andInformation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Optical Information Networkof the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanicsand Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of the series of science andtechnology indexing periodicals published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts started a quarterly publication in 1985,with the name of Chinese Science and Technology Document Catalogues: Optics andApplied Optics. It changed into a bimonthly publication with the name of Chinese Opticsand Applied Optics Abstracts in 1987. In combination with the Chinese Optics Documen-
文摘Prognosis of residual coal gas capacity made by the ＇Express＇ method Pavel Prokop, Pavel Zapletal, and Ivo Pegrimek Abstract An easy, reliable, and inexpensive method, called ＇Express＇ method, was described to determine the residual gas capacity of deep mines using results from an air and gas balance. Air and gas balances are common elements of mine management and must be performed periodically. Using the process described here to obtain balance results,
文摘In memoriam Bioch.Jorge Nelson Valz-Gianinet October 26-27,2017 Tafídel Valle,Tucumán,Argentina The abstracts have been revised and evaluated by the Scientific Committee of the Tucumán Biology Association Shortly before the beginning of the 34th Scientific Meeting,Biochemist Jorge Nelson Valz-Gianinet,a member of the Board of Directors of the Tucumán Biology Association,died in this city.
文摘Crystallization behavior of F-free mold fluxes ZHANG Zuotai,WEN Guanghua,and ZHANG Yingyi Abstract The time-temperature-transformation(TTT) diagrams of F-free mold fluxes were constructed using single hot thermocouple technique(SHTT) and confocal scanning laser
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project(Humanities and Social Sciences)in 2012 Granted by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(12JK0268)
文摘This study presents statistical results of a comparison between English abstracts in a leading intemational medical journal and those in a Chinese one. With a genre analysis and discussion of linguistic features of these abstracts, the paper points out the weak points in the abstracts by Chinese writers and provides some suggestions for writing abstracts of medical research articles
文摘Cooperative Reconfiguration for a Reconfigurable Mobile Robot LIU Tonglin, WU Chengdong, LI Bin, LIU Jinguo （1. State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. School of Information Science ＆ Engineering, Northeast University, Shenyang 110004, China）Abstract： A main characteristic of the reconfigurable mobile robot AMOEBA-1 is that it has diverse configurations, but some reconfigurations are difficult to realize under the influence of ground conditions. A cooperative reconfiguration method is proposed to reduce reconfiguration resistance and enhance the adaptability of the robot to the environment. The mathematical model is established correspondingly. The kinematics and mechanical properties of each section of the robot are analyzed. A part of resistance is transformed into active force of reconfiguration, and transforms are actualized among five specific configurations. Further, the linearization of model based on a perturbation analysis method is used to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, an evaluation criterion is proposed for AMOEBA-I＇s cooperative reconfiguration performance. The validity of the cooperative reconfiguration method is proved by simulations and experiments.
文摘This paper is a generic study of schematic structures and the use of modal verbs of 50 English Research Article （RA） abstracts. With Bhatia＇s （1990） model as the framework, three other move patterns were obtained besides the normal move order. The density of modal verbs varies greatly from move to move with significant differences in the frequency of occurrence in different moves. The use of modal verbs is much more move-determined than discipline-determined.
文摘Genre analysis has become one of the most important approaches to text analysis, especially in the field of English for Specific Purposes. Abstract is the essential part of the paper, which helps the readers get initial impressions. Because of its particular the usage of communication, it has its special rules and mode. The purpose of this paper was to present the 5-move model characteristic of research dissertation Abstracts, and explore the linguistic characteristics of each move. The analysis started from the macrostructure, i.e from the text as a whole, towards the microstructure which included linguistic description (syntactic and lexical). The results showed that most abstracts followed 5-move model and the linguistic features of this genre.
