AIM： To describe the prevalence of transfusiontransmitted virus （TTV） infection in association with hepatitis A-E viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in North India. METHODS： Sera from a total nu...AIM： To describe the prevalence of transfusiontransmitted virus （TTV） infection in association with hepatitis A-E viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in North India. METHODS： Sera from a total number of 137 patients, including 37 patients with acute viral hepatitis （AVH）, 37 patients with chronic viral hepatitis （CVH）, 31 patients with cirrhosis of liver and 32 patients with fulminant hepatic failure （FHF）, were analyzed both for TTV-DNA and hepatitis A-E viral markers. Presence of hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV） and hepatitis E virus （HEV） infections was detected in different proportions in different groups. Moreover, rrV-DNA was simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors also. RESULTS： None of the patients had hepatitis A virus （HAV） and hepatitis D virus （HDV） infections. Overall prevalence of TTV-DNA was detected in 27.1% cases with AVH, 18.9% cases with CVH, 48.4% cases with cirrhosis and 9.4% cases with FHF. TTV-DNA simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors showed 27% positivity. On establishing a relation between TTV infection with other hepatitis viral infections, TTV demonstrated co-infection with HBV, HCV and HEV in these disease groups. Correlation of TTV with ALT level in sera did not demonstrate high ALT level in TTV-infected patients, suggesting that TI-V does not cause severe liver damage. CONCLUSION： TTV infection is prevalent both in patients and healthy individuals in India. However, it does not have any significant correlation with other hepatitis viral infections, nor does it produce an evidence of severe liver damage in patients with liver diseases.展开更多
The valley index is a promising degree of freedom for information processing in electronic devices.However,the researches on valley polarization are mainly focused on ferromagnetic order,which breaks the time reversal...The valley index is a promising degree of freedom for information processing in electronic devices.However,the researches on valley polarization are mainly focused on ferromagnetic order,which breaks the time reversal symmetry simultaneously.Here,a novel paradigm for achieving stacking order modulated anomalous valley Hall(AVH)effect is proposed in antiferromagnetic monolayers.The paradigm involves the introduction and reversal of nonuniform potentials by modulating the position of substrate,to break the combined symmetry of spatial inversion and time reversal(PT symmetry)and achieve stacking-dependent valley spin splitting.Based on first-principles calculations,we discover spontaneous valley polarization in antiferromagnetic Cr_(2)CH_(2) MXene and stacking-dependent valley spin splitting in Cr_(2)CH_(2)/Sc_(2)CO_(2) heterostructure.Furthermore,switching the ferroelectric polarization of monolayer Sc_(2)CO_(2) results in a semiconductor-metal transition in Cr_(2)CH_(2)/Sc_(2)CO_(2),accompanied by the disappearance of valley physics.Our findings provide an alternative way to develop controllable valleytronics devices based on antiferromagnetic monolayers.展开更多
基金Supported by financial grant from ICMR, New Delhi 110049
文摘AIM： To describe the prevalence of transfusiontransmitted virus （TTV） infection in association with hepatitis A-E viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in North India. METHODS： Sera from a total number of 137 patients, including 37 patients with acute viral hepatitis （AVH）, 37 patients with chronic viral hepatitis （CVH）, 31 patients with cirrhosis of liver and 32 patients with fulminant hepatic failure （FHF）, were analyzed both for TTV-DNA and hepatitis A-E viral markers. Presence of hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV） and hepatitis E virus （HEV） infections was detected in different proportions in different groups. Moreover, rrV-DNA was simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors also. RESULTS： None of the patients had hepatitis A virus （HAV） and hepatitis D virus （HDV） infections. Overall prevalence of TTV-DNA was detected in 27.1% cases with AVH, 18.9% cases with CVH, 48.4% cases with cirrhosis and 9.4% cases with FHF. TTV-DNA simultaneously tested in 100 healthy blood donors showed 27% positivity. On establishing a relation between TTV infection with other hepatitis viral infections, TTV demonstrated co-infection with HBV, HCV and HEV in these disease groups. Correlation of TTV with ALT level in sera did not demonstrate high ALT level in TTV-infected patients, suggesting that TI-V does not cause severe liver damage. CONCLUSION： TTV infection is prevalent both in patients and healthy individuals in India. However, it does not have any significant correlation with other hepatitis viral infections, nor does it produce an evidence of severe liver damage in patients with liver diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3807200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222101).
文摘The valley index is a promising degree of freedom for information processing in electronic devices.However,the researches on valley polarization are mainly focused on ferromagnetic order,which breaks the time reversal symmetry simultaneously.Here,a novel paradigm for achieving stacking order modulated anomalous valley Hall(AVH)effect is proposed in antiferromagnetic monolayers.The paradigm involves the introduction and reversal of nonuniform potentials by modulating the position of substrate,to break the combined symmetry of spatial inversion and time reversal(PT symmetry)and achieve stacking-dependent valley spin splitting.Based on first-principles calculations,we discover spontaneous valley polarization in antiferromagnetic Cr_(2)CH_(2) MXene and stacking-dependent valley spin splitting in Cr_(2)CH_(2)/Sc_(2)CO_(2) heterostructure.Furthermore,switching the ferroelectric polarization of monolayer Sc_(2)CO_(2) results in a semiconductor-metal transition in Cr_(2)CH_(2)/Sc_(2)CO_(2),accompanied by the disappearance of valley physics.Our findings provide an alternative way to develop controllable valleytronics devices based on antiferromagnetic monolayers.
