Background:To reduce adolescents’social anxiety,the study integrates external factors(social media usage)with internal factors(imaginary audience and appearance-based self-esteem)to internal mechanisms of adolescents...Background:To reduce adolescents’social anxiety,the study integrates external factors(social media usage)with internal factors(imaginary audience and appearance-based self-esteem)to internal mechanisms of adolescents’social anxiety in the Internet age based on objective self-awareness theory and self-esteem importance weighting model.Methods:Utilizing the Social Media Usage Intensity Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,imaginary Audience Scale,and Physical Self Questionnaire,we surveyed 400 junior high school students from three schools in Hubei province,China.Results:A significantly positive correlation is revealed between the intensity of social media usage and both social anxiety and imaginary audience(p<0.001).Conversely,social media usage intensity and appearance self-esteem are significantly negatively correlated(p<0.001).Additionally,the perception of an imaginary audience was negatively correlated with appearance self-esteem(p<0.001).Furthermore,we found that imaginary audience(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])and appearance self-esteem(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])can respectively act as independent mediators between social networking site use intensity and social anxiety,Additionally,the relationship between imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem can also be chain-mediated(indirect effect of 0.03,95%CI=[0.00,0.02])separately affect the relationship between the two.Conclusion:The imaginary audience serves as an independent mediator that links social media usage intensity to social anxiety among adolescents.Additionally,the observed chain mediation effect involving both the imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem provides novel insights for developing strategies aimed at addressing adolescent social anxiety.展开更多
This study examines how fashion designer-entrepreneurs(FDEs)leverage digital storytelling on social media to build brand identity and engage audiences,focusing on the case of Jicheng,a Chinese FDE on Weibo.By analyzin...This study examines how fashion designer-entrepreneurs(FDEs)leverage digital storytelling on social media to build brand identity and engage audiences,focusing on the case of Jicheng,a Chinese FDE on Weibo.By analyzing posts over nine months,the research explores how storytelling formats(text,photos,videos)and cultural themes(such as human nature and time/space)affect audience engagement,measured through likes,comments,and shares.The findings indicate that text-photo combinations and relatable,timely content are the most effective in fostering interaction and social capital.The paper offers recommendations for FDEs to enhance digital storytelling,emphasizing the importance of balancing thematic consistency with content novelty to support brand growth and audience loyalty.This approach underscores the critical role of cultivating sustainable relationships between FDEs and their audiences.展开更多
Persuasive or argumentative writing,which focuses on the reader and seeks to change the reader’s mind,or to bring the reader’s point of view to the writer’s,is the most prominent and practical academic writing and ...Persuasive or argumentative writing,which focuses on the reader and seeks to change the reader’s mind,or to bring the reader’s point of view to the writer’s,is the most prominent and practical academic writing and is also the most complex and most challenging.To achieve the persuasive purpose,audience is a key element to consider.But unfortunately,many Chinese college students have no sense of audience at all.Besides,although some researchers have mentioned in their books or papers the important role the audience plays in persuasive writing,so far few writing books or papers have made a relatively comprehensive and systematic study and exploration of how to strengthen Chinese college students’audience awareness.So,this paper,which is intended to elaborate on it,first gives a definition to audience awareness,then analyzes the influence audience awareness exerts on persuasive writing,and finally proposes a few feasible and effective methods to strengthen Chinese college students’audience awareness.展开更多
Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media pl...Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media platforms and the smartphones presence in millions of consumers＇ hands, has also stimulated growth in the level on interactivity between the media and the audience. Newspapers, radio, television and even specific programs are now entering the cross-media processes that enables direct communication with the audience, and allows participation of content-users in many ways. Audience is increasingly contributing to design content, production and also distribution in social media. This paper examines the dimensions of audience participation in five Albanian television channels and their online websites. Via the exploratory analysis used as a methodology to examine over three hundred audience participation encounters, the article discusses the audience behaviour and reaction on these particular websites on a period of five weeks across October to December 2016. The analysis focuses on audience active participation on specific sections of the websites. Interesting results emerge as the audience shows different perspectives via its participatory activities online, which can be classified into four main roles： consumers, citizens, commentators, and activists. The paper discusses the characteristics and insinuations of each of these emerging roles.展开更多
This paper discusses cross-cultural understanding of museum collections by looking into transnational audience engagement with the imperial clock collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.The audience research took p...This paper discusses cross-cultural understanding of museum collections by looking into transnational audience engagement with the imperial clock collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.The audience research took place in three sites:the Hong Kong Science Museum,the Palace Museum in Beijing,and the Science Museum in London.Audience data were collected using qualitative methods,such as intercept interviews,focus groups,and informal group discussions with non-specialist and specialist audiences across the three locations.The qualitative samples suggest that UK-China audiences draw from different cultural references when they engage with the unique"singsongs"in the imperial clock collection.Despite the divergence of cultural connections made across audiences in the UK and China,it is consistent in the audience data that the appeal of the clocks is reinforced by seeing their movement.The data also indicate a desire to connect with human stories behind the creation,trade,and conservation of singsongs,and expectations for a digital resource that is visually captivating and offers additional insights into the singsongs,such as the demonstration,mechanism,and backstory of the automatons.This paper concludes with a reflection on the implications of audience data for the interpretation strategy of a London-based exhibition featuring the singsongs,and considerations for the development of a digital experience about the imperial horological collections that speaks to audiences across the UK and China.展开更多
Multidirectional communicative interactions in social networks can have a profound effect on mate choice behavior. Male Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana exhibit weaker mating preferences when an audience male is prese...Multidirectional communicative interactions in social networks can have a profound effect on mate choice behavior. Male Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana exhibit weaker mating preferences when an audience male is presented. This could be a male strategy to reduce sperm competition risk： interacting more equally with different females may be advantageous because ri- vals might copy mate choice decisions. In line with this hypothesis, a previous study found males to show a strong audience effect when being observed while exercising mate choice, but not when the rival was presented only before the choice tests. Audience effects on mate choice decisions have been quantified in poeciliid fishes using association preference designs, but it remains un- known if patterns found from measuring association times translate into actual mating behavior. Thus, we created five audience treatments simulating different forms of perceived sperm competition risk and determined focal males＇ mating preferences by scoring pre-mating （nipping） and mating behavior （gonopodial thrusting）. Nipping did not reflect the pattern that was found when association preferences were measured, while a very similar pattern was uncovered in thrusting behavior. The strongest response was observed when the audience could eavesdrop on the focal male＇s behavior. A reduction in the strength of focal males＇ preferences was also seen after the rival male had an opportunity to mate with the focal male＇s preferred mate. In comparison, the reduction of mating preferences in response to an audience was greater when measuring association times than actual mating behavior. While measuring direct sexual interactions between the focal male and both slimulus females not only the male＇s motivational state is reflected but also females＇ behavior such as avoidance of male sexual harassment [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 84-94, 2012].展开更多
The present study focuses on the native readers’sense of flow,a construct frequently ignored in L2 writing studies.Based on the author’s analysis of the communicative data in the web-based transnational peer editing...The present study focuses on the native readers’sense of flow,a construct frequently ignored in L2 writing studies.Based on the author’s analysis of the communicative data in the web-based transnational peer editing activities named Cross-Pacific Exchange,an amendment is proposed for the currently well-accepted“input-output”models;that is,fluent output by classroom L2 learners may not always be accepted by native audience.Accordingly,L2 writing teachers should encourage their students to pay attention to their L1 readers’sense of flow,so as to enhance their own reader awareness,and improve the quality of their L2 composition through interaction with their L1 audience.展开更多
Recent years have seen an explosion of researches and studies into the public sphere and the deformation of it.At one extreme,general theoretical statement about public sphere is directly developed from Habermas’s pu...Recent years have seen an explosion of researches and studies into the public sphere and the deformation of it.At one extreme,general theoretical statement about public sphere is directly developed from Habermas’s public sphere theory;they have elaborated and extended the theory and applied it to analyze the different situations in different countries.At the other,the so-called sphere has been extended,from the original cafe bar or some entity space like this to the virtual space,especially with the development of internet and the emerge of many kinds of social media;some scholars noted that the public sphere has appeared in the internet;some social media like blog,micro blog(in China as weibe),and so on have become the new form of public sphere,which is also called public discourse space.To some extend,public discourse space belongs to public sphere,but different from it.They have some similar characteristic,but they also have some difference within different time and space.For example,public discourse space is much closer to audience participation.And the audience participation is one of the important factors for the public discourse space created by media.We can say that both of the discourse space appears in the traditional media and the online media are emphasizing on the relationship between media and audience.So in this article,the author also does a simple review about public discourse space and its relationship with audience participation.展开更多
Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles ...Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.展开更多
A concert by the China National Traditional Orchestra(CNTO)held in the northeast U.S.state of New Jersey on January 29,enthralled thousands of spectators with its music and performance.
In order to celebrate Chongqing as a directly governed city region for ten years and also the First China Chongqing Cultural Artistic Festival, Chongqing Acrobatic Artistic Troupe gave a large acrobatic play of fairy ...In order to celebrate Chongqing as a directly governed city region for ten years and also the First China Chongqing Cultural Artistic Festival, Chongqing Acrobatic Artistic Troupe gave a large acrobatic play of fairy story Red Dancing Shoes. From June 1st to June 3rd, the performance in public of Red Dancing Shoes got a complete success. The media including Chongqing TV Station,展开更多
Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models ...Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science project(2022YJA190006)Research Program Funds of the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University(2023-04-010-BZPKO1).
文摘Background:To reduce adolescents’social anxiety,the study integrates external factors(social media usage)with internal factors(imaginary audience and appearance-based self-esteem)to internal mechanisms of adolescents’social anxiety in the Internet age based on objective self-awareness theory and self-esteem importance weighting model.Methods:Utilizing the Social Media Usage Intensity Scale,Social Anxiety Scale,imaginary Audience Scale,and Physical Self Questionnaire,we surveyed 400 junior high school students from three schools in Hubei province,China.Results:A significantly positive correlation is revealed between the intensity of social media usage and both social anxiety and imaginary audience(p<0.001).Conversely,social media usage intensity and appearance self-esteem are significantly negatively correlated(p<0.001).Additionally,the perception of an imaginary audience was negatively correlated with appearance self-esteem(p<0.001).Furthermore,we found that imaginary audience(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])and appearance self-esteem(indirect effect of 0.14,95%CI=[0.02,0.07])can respectively act as independent mediators between social networking site use intensity and social anxiety,Additionally,the relationship between imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem can also be chain-mediated(indirect effect of 0.03,95%CI=[0.00,0.02])separately affect the relationship between the two.Conclusion:The imaginary audience serves as an independent mediator that links social media usage intensity to social anxiety among adolescents.Additionally,the observed chain mediation effect involving both the imaginary audience and appearance self-esteem provides novel insights for developing strategies aimed at addressing adolescent social anxiety.
文摘This study examines how fashion designer-entrepreneurs(FDEs)leverage digital storytelling on social media to build brand identity and engage audiences,focusing on the case of Jicheng,a Chinese FDE on Weibo.By analyzing posts over nine months,the research explores how storytelling formats(text,photos,videos)and cultural themes(such as human nature and time/space)affect audience engagement,measured through likes,comments,and shares.The findings indicate that text-photo combinations and relatable,timely content are the most effective in fostering interaction and social capital.The paper offers recommendations for FDEs to enhance digital storytelling,emphasizing the importance of balancing thematic consistency with content novelty to support brand growth and audience loyalty.This approach underscores the critical role of cultivating sustainable relationships between FDEs and their audiences.
基金This paper is supported by Sichuan Foreign Language and Literature Research Center(Project No.:SCWYGJ22-18)it is also the research result of“English Writing”,one of the second batch of online and offline first-class undergraduate courses in Sichuan Province(2021).
文摘Persuasive or argumentative writing,which focuses on the reader and seeks to change the reader’s mind,or to bring the reader’s point of view to the writer’s,is the most prominent and practical academic writing and is also the most complex and most challenging.To achieve the persuasive purpose,audience is a key element to consider.But unfortunately,many Chinese college students have no sense of audience at all.Besides,although some researchers have mentioned in their books or papers the important role the audience plays in persuasive writing,so far few writing books or papers have made a relatively comprehensive and systematic study and exploration of how to strengthen Chinese college students’audience awareness.So,this paper,which is intended to elaborate on it,first gives a definition to audience awareness,then analyzes the influence audience awareness exerts on persuasive writing,and finally proposes a few feasible and effective methods to strengthen Chinese college students’audience awareness.
文摘Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media platforms and the smartphones presence in millions of consumers＇ hands, has also stimulated growth in the level on interactivity between the media and the audience. Newspapers, radio, television and even specific programs are now entering the cross-media processes that enables direct communication with the audience, and allows participation of content-users in many ways. Audience is increasingly contributing to design content, production and also distribution in social media. This paper examines the dimensions of audience participation in five Albanian television channels and their online websites. Via the exploratory analysis used as a methodology to examine over three hundred audience participation encounters, the article discusses the audience behaviour and reaction on these particular websites on a period of five weeks across October to December 2016. The analysis focuses on audience active participation on specific sections of the websites. Interesting results emerge as the audience shows different perspectives via its participatory activities online, which can be classified into four main roles： consumers, citizens, commentators, and activists. The paper discusses the characteristics and insinuations of each of these emerging roles.
文摘This paper discusses cross-cultural understanding of museum collections by looking into transnational audience engagement with the imperial clock collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.The audience research took place in three sites:the Hong Kong Science Museum,the Palace Museum in Beijing,and the Science Museum in London.Audience data were collected using qualitative methods,such as intercept interviews,focus groups,and informal group discussions with non-specialist and specialist audiences across the three locations.The qualitative samples suggest that UK-China audiences draw from different cultural references when they engage with the unique"singsongs"in the imperial clock collection.Despite the divergence of cultural connections made across audiences in the UK and China,it is consistent in the audience data that the appeal of the clocks is reinforced by seeing their movement.The data also indicate a desire to connect with human stories behind the creation,trade,and conservation of singsongs,and expectations for a digital resource that is visually captivating and offers additional insights into the singsongs,such as the demonstration,mechanism,and backstory of the automatons.This paper concludes with a reflection on the implications of audience data for the interpretation strategy of a London-based exhibition featuring the singsongs,and considerations for the development of a digital experience about the imperial horological collections that speaks to audiences across the UK and China.
文摘Multidirectional communicative interactions in social networks can have a profound effect on mate choice behavior. Male Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana exhibit weaker mating preferences when an audience male is presented. This could be a male strategy to reduce sperm competition risk： interacting more equally with different females may be advantageous because ri- vals might copy mate choice decisions. In line with this hypothesis, a previous study found males to show a strong audience effect when being observed while exercising mate choice, but not when the rival was presented only before the choice tests. Audience effects on mate choice decisions have been quantified in poeciliid fishes using association preference designs, but it remains un- known if patterns found from measuring association times translate into actual mating behavior. Thus, we created five audience treatments simulating different forms of perceived sperm competition risk and determined focal males＇ mating preferences by scoring pre-mating （nipping） and mating behavior （gonopodial thrusting）. Nipping did not reflect the pattern that was found when association preferences were measured, while a very similar pattern was uncovered in thrusting behavior. The strongest response was observed when the audience could eavesdrop on the focal male＇s behavior. A reduction in the strength of focal males＇ preferences was also seen after the rival male had an opportunity to mate with the focal male＇s preferred mate. In comparison, the reduction of mating preferences in response to an audience was greater when measuring association times than actual mating behavior. While measuring direct sexual interactions between the focal male and both slimulus females not only the male＇s motivational state is reflected but also females＇ behavior such as avoidance of male sexual harassment [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 84-94, 2012].
文摘The present study focuses on the native readers’sense of flow,a construct frequently ignored in L2 writing studies.Based on the author’s analysis of the communicative data in the web-based transnational peer editing activities named Cross-Pacific Exchange,an amendment is proposed for the currently well-accepted“input-output”models;that is,fluent output by classroom L2 learners may not always be accepted by native audience.Accordingly,L2 writing teachers should encourage their students to pay attention to their L1 readers’sense of flow,so as to enhance their own reader awareness,and improve the quality of their L2 composition through interaction with their L1 audience.
基金This paper is supported by the project No.SK2018A0411.
文摘Recent years have seen an explosion of researches and studies into the public sphere and the deformation of it.At one extreme,general theoretical statement about public sphere is directly developed from Habermas’s public sphere theory;they have elaborated and extended the theory and applied it to analyze the different situations in different countries.At the other,the so-called sphere has been extended,from the original cafe bar or some entity space like this to the virtual space,especially with the development of internet and the emerge of many kinds of social media;some scholars noted that the public sphere has appeared in the internet;some social media like blog,micro blog(in China as weibe),and so on have become the new form of public sphere,which is also called public discourse space.To some extend,public discourse space belongs to public sphere,but different from it.They have some similar characteristic,but they also have some difference within different time and space.For example,public discourse space is much closer to audience participation.And the audience participation is one of the important factors for the public discourse space created by media.We can say that both of the discourse space appears in the traditional media and the online media are emphasizing on the relationship between media and audience.So in this article,the author also does a simple review about public discourse space and its relationship with audience participation.
文摘Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.
文摘A concert by the China National Traditional Orchestra(CNTO)held in the northeast U.S.state of New Jersey on January 29,enthralled thousands of spectators with its music and performance.
文摘In order to celebrate Chongqing as a directly governed city region for ten years and also the First China Chongqing Cultural Artistic Festival, Chongqing Acrobatic Artistic Troupe gave a large acrobatic play of fairy story Red Dancing Shoes. From June 1st to June 3rd, the performance in public of Red Dancing Shoes got a complete success. The media including Chongqing TV Station,
文摘Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.
