Through analyzing relevant documents,connotations of rural landscape attractiveness were introduced,and existing problems of present rural landscapes elaborated.It was proposed that rural tourism of China has no effec...Through analyzing relevant documents,connotations of rural landscape attractiveness were introduced,and existing problems of present rural landscapes elaborated.It was proposed that rural tourism of China has no effective strategic planning,distinctive characteristics of landscape products,or efficient marketing of rural landscape resources.Influencing factors of rural landscape attractiveness were summarized,and suggestions were given to improve the attractiveness by combining with actual conditions of China.Moreover,it was stressed that favorable rural landscape images should be created,and more efforts devoted in safeguarding native-soil cultural landscapes and exploring tourist market of rural landscape resources.The study was to provide useful references for the new countryside construction of China.展开更多
Through survey of visitors,relevant data had been acquired.By aid of factor analysis method,computation model of comprehensive tourist attractiveness of ancient villages and towns was established,which had certain the...Through survey of visitors,relevant data had been acquired.By aid of factor analysis method,computation model of comprehensive tourist attractiveness of ancient villages and towns was established,which had certain theoretical and practical guidance value to rural tourism resources development and market development.展开更多
Spatial equity in access to urban services is a significant element of sustainable urban planning.To date,a service-based index is used to measure service attractiveness,considering attractiveness as a static concept....Spatial equity in access to urban services is a significant element of sustainable urban planning.To date,a service-based index is used to measure service attractiveness,considering attractiveness as a static concept.While from the user side view,service attractiveness is a dynamic concept related to the variation of different opportunities of users to use the services and capacities.In this paper,a user-based method for measuring service attractiveness is proposed.In this approach,the attractiveness of service for a user is modeled as a function of the user's Travel Times(TT),Free Times(FTs),park size and relative positions of the user,local demanding population,and service.Then,the inequity of attractiveness of services for different users has been examined using three inequity indices including the Duration of Use(DU),Frequency of Visit(FV),and the Chance of Space Choice(CSC).The proposed method is applied to urban regional parks of Tehran municipality.Traffc Analysis Zones(TAZs)and regional parks are respectively regarded as the users and services.In addition to considering inequity of access to the first closest park,the additional cost of accessing to the other two closest parks is also considered.Results show that the proposed method leads to the exploration of the existing inequities of DU,FV,and CSC among residents in local scales,whereas in the service-based method,all users of a service are highlighted with a single value of attractiveness.Comparison of the user-based and service-based attractiveness indices show significant differences.As an example,user-based attractiveness values of about 14%and 20%of TAZs are respectively 5 and 3 square meters more than that of the service-based attractiveness index.However,the service-based method is suitable for regional-scale comparison of the inequities.Therefore,the proposed index can complement the service-based index for inequity mapping and management in varying scales.展开更多
Arthur Miller's masterpiece Death of a Salesman is a very clear attack on the American success myth.The most dominant theme running throughout the play is Willy Loman's philosophy of personal attractiveness an...Arthur Miller's masterpiece Death of a Salesman is a very clear attack on the American success myth.The most dominant theme running throughout the play is Willy Loman's philosophy of personal attractiveness and its doomed futility.This philosophy not only brings failure to Willy's career but also destruction to Willy's family members.展开更多
Animation creates a vivid, virtual world and expands the scope of human imagination. In this study, we investigated the time-courses of brain responses related to the evaluation of the attractiveness of cartoon faces ...Animation creates a vivid, virtual world and expands the scope of human imagination. In this study, we investigated the time-courses of brain responses related to the evaluation of the attractiveness of cartoon faces using the event-related potential （ERP） technique. The results demonstrated that N170 amplitude was higher for attractive than for unattractive cartoon faces in males, while the opposite was found in females. Facial attractiveness notably modulated the late positive component （LPC）, which might reflect the task-related process of aesthetic appraisal of beauty. The mean LPC amplitude in males was significantly higher for attractive cartoon faces than for unattractive faces, while the LPC amplitude in females did not significantly differ between attractive and unattractive cartoon faces. Moreover, the paint mode （computer graphics, gouache, and stick figure） modulated the early encoding of facial structures and the late evaluative process. The early modulation effect by paint mode may be related to the spatial frequency of the pictures. The processing speed and intensity in females were both higher than those in males. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, reported ERP modulation based on the assessment of cartoon facial attractiveness, suggesting the facilitated selection of attractiveness information at the early stage, and that the attentional enhancement of attractive faces at the late stage only exists in males. This suggests that men＇s brains are hard-wired to be sensitive to facial beauty, even in cartoons.展开更多
Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）....Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.展开更多
In this paper, a new evolving model with tunable attractiveness is presented. Based on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） model, we introduce the attractiveness of node which can change with node degree. Using the mean-field ...In this paper, a new evolving model with tunable attractiveness is presented. Based on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） model, we introduce the attractiveness of node which can change with node degree. Using the mean-field theory, we obtain the analytical expression of power-law degree distribution with the exponent γ∈ （3, ∞）. The new model is more homogeneous and has a lower clustering coefficient and bigger average path length than the BA model.展开更多
We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administra...We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administration of SRBS to mature males resulted in a drop of sexual scent attractiveness of soiled bedding collected during 5 days after injection.This effect was accompanied with a decline of fecal testosterone.Reduction of the male scent attractiveness after SRBC treatment had maximum manifestation in males of dwarf hamsters with low humoral immune response to this challenge.Contrary to the effects of SRBC,males injected with LPS showed an increase of scent attractiveness.Differences in the time that mature females spent sniffing olfactory stimuli(LPS vs control),correlated positively with differences in concentration of testosterone in feces collected from LPS and saline treated males.We discuss the adaptive meaning of the opposite olfactory effects,which induced by activation of the nonspecific innate immunity with LPS and by activation of specific acquired immunity with SRBC.展开更多
Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and also provide recreational services for urban residents.However,it is still unclear how the recreational attractiveness of urban parks can be evaluated.In this ...Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and also provide recreational services for urban residents.However,it is still unclear how the recreational attractiveness of urban parks can be evaluated.In this study,12 typical parks in Changchun,China were selected for evaluation of their recreational attractiveness.We built a recreational attractiveness evaluation system based on the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to produce a composite evaluation index.This method included:1)the landscape quality of the parks;2)the recreational facilities;3)the conditions of the area;and 4)the accessibility of the parks.Our results showed that Nanhu Park,Children’s Park,Shengli Park,and Jingyuetan Forest Park had high recreational attractiveness,whereas Linyuan Park had the lowest attractiveness among the 12 parks.These results agreed with the information obtained from a field survey of the actual recreational and revisit rates,which showed that the evaluation index is reliable.Correlation analysis showed that the landscape quality and recreational facilities of parks had a direct effect on their recreational attractiveness.A negative correlation was found between the accessibility of a park and its recreational attractiveness.We conclude that if the scenery and facilities are not as good as a visitor expects,then they may choose to visit a different park,even if it takes a longer time to reach.展开更多
External factors influenee the strategic selections, internal strength and management activities of an enterprise. This paper discusses the key factors of industrial attractiveness, puts forward a new method for evalu...External factors influenee the strategic selections, internal strength and management activities of an enterprise. This paper discusses the key factors of industrial attractiveness, puts forward a new method for evaluating industrial attractiveness by using improved Hamming neural net in order to provide scientifie support when an enterprise makes its developing strategies.展开更多
This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in hi...This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in his choice In this investigation, a model elaborated based on a detailed situational analysis considering different aspects related with offering and demand that compose the tourist activity dimensions, such as infra structure, tourism potential, geographical factors, climate, economy, cultural and environmental resources public policies and sustainability was adopted. The competitive environment also was analyzed, once tourists have different destinations to their disposal which is attracted for destinations that offer optimum value and the greatest number of benefits. To reach the proposed objectives, an exploratory research through in depth personal interviews with 20 individuals was carried on using snow ball technique aims to identify the possible factors of attractiveness and related degree of importance of each of these possible factors in the tourist consumer behavior. After that, a confirmatory research was conducted with 150 individuals. The sampling process was done using convenience sample and data which were collected between November and December, 2009, through direct proportionally survey divided between man and woman展开更多
This paper is intended to give a contribution to the debate on the functional relationship between the museum and the local territory; more specifically, the aim of this study is to understand the role of a museum loc...This paper is intended to give a contribution to the debate on the functional relationship between the museum and the local territory; more specifically, the aim of this study is to understand the role of a museum location in attracting visitors and influencing their processes of choice and satisfaction. The study follows, in particular, a previous study conducted by Mariani and Mussini （2013） based on Fondazione di Venezia data, with a view to better contextualization level. Previous studies have examined the role of museums in enhancing the image of a destination and in attracting and conveying additional tourists＇ fluxes, arguing that although not all museums are a destination of choice for visitors, a great museum or a strong exhibition program still does represent a national and international attraction. This paper overturns this argument investigating whereas an appealing location （such as a tourist destination） can influence prospective visitors about the level of attractiveness of a pay cultural event taking place therein. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected at the Palazzo Ducale in Venice, Italy, in 2007, during the art exhibition ＂Venezia e l＇Islam 829-1797＂, via 501 face-to-face visitors interviews. The research model analyzes data through the conjoint analysis and the descriptive statistics. Results show that the exhibition location has been a relevant factor in influencing the visitors＇ decision process linked to the attendance of the event. Data show that, for the majority of visitors, the exhibition had been located elsewhere, they would not have visited it. Thus, an appealing location or a structured tourist destination may function as an attractive platform that may contribute to enforce the overall visitor＇s satisfaction with regard to his or her attendance to a cultural event. Furthermore, such a fact depends on specific objective variables （e.g., level of education, age）, although no significant differences were reported between segments based on other socio-demographic characteristics such as sex. To conclude, arts and cultural managers should market and position cultural events in locations that can function as attractive, thus as emotionally driven experience consumption sites. Furthermore, they should consider both the cognitive and the emotional aspects of visitor＇s experience when designing and planning their events, as well as when assessing visitor＇s satisfaction. Cognitive and emotional aspects should be considered simultaneously when measuring visitors＇ satisfaction. In shaping visitors＇ satisfaction, emotions, such as the pleasure to be in a particular location, are more significant than cognitive aspects, such as the theme of the exhibition.展开更多
With the rapid development of urban commercial complex in China,its roof garden becomes an important container for outdoor consumption and activities as the link between itself and the city,and more and more attention...With the rapid development of urban commercial complex in China,its roof garden becomes an important container for outdoor consumption and activities as the link between itself and the city,and more and more attention has been paid to its attractiveness.First,roof garden of Handan Meilecheng is taken as research object,and quantitative method of spatial attractiveness is established based on the number of spontaneous and chain activities and their intensity score.On this basis,data are collected via field investigation,and spatial attractiveness of roof garden of Meilecheng is quantified,and its distribution characteristics are summarized.Second,the cause of the characteristics formation is explained from the perspective of built environment elements.Finally,corresponding optimization strategies are proposed from four aspects:setting of landscape platform,increase of interest in sculpture sketches,design of space boundary,and improvement of spatial accessibility,which could provide reference for planning,design and transformation of roof garden of commercial complex in the future.展开更多
The main goal of this review is to give an overview of scientific publications concerning the employer attractiveness of German hospitals from the perspective of medical doctors in order to identify future research po...The main goal of this review is to give an overview of scientific publications concerning the employer attractiveness of German hospitals from the perspective of medical doctors in order to identify future research possibilities. After a summary of central problems concerning the German health sector and its current challenges, the study design behind the systematic content analysis as well as its criteria are presented. Selected results describe characteristics of expert literature for employer attractiveness in general, the attractiveness of German hospitals as employers (“hospital employer attractiveness” for short) as well as employer attractiveness from a medical doctor’s point of view. For each of these areas, focal points of research and main results are summarized and research gaps are pointed out.展开更多
External perceptions of individuals based on the presence of tattoos were assessed. College students completed anonline attitudinal assessment in a 4 × 2 design. Participants were asked to rate the aesthetics of ...External perceptions of individuals based on the presence of tattoos were assessed. College students completed anonline attitudinal assessment in a 4 × 2 design. Participants were asked to rate the aesthetics of tattoos and models（11 women and 17 men） from Photoshopped images. Results （n = 152 usable of 177 collected） indicate that aswhole models and tattoos are not affected in aesthetic appeal, but individually some models and tattoos wereaffected. Tattoos were rated as better quality art when the model can be seen; thus, contextualization allows forgreater appreciation of the tattoo. Results support extant research that indicates women＇s attractiveness is notaffected by tattoos, which also providing a new approach for tattooed individuals.展开更多
In this article the possibilities of functioning of breast as an attractant to male and leading to a long lasting relation in many cases are discussed. The three mechanisms discussed are on the basis of visual stimuli...In this article the possibilities of functioning of breast as an attractant to male and leading to a long lasting relation in many cases are discussed. The three mechanisms discussed are on the basis of visual stimuli, pheromone and other chemicals like sebum.展开更多
Facial attractiveness is a critical factor in forming interpersonal impressions.Evaluations of facial attractiveness were previously considered universal.However,it has recently been pointed out that individuals and c...Facial attractiveness is a critical factor in forming interpersonal impressions.Evaluations of facial attractiveness were previously considered universal.However,it has recently been pointed out that individuals and cultures can diversify their evaluations.This study conducted Web experiments using the facial images of Japanese and American participants to examine the effects of raters'gender,age,and culture on facial attractiveness.Experiment 1 examined the impact of gender and age on Japanese raters.Experiment 2 explored the effects of culture on Japanese and American raters.Statistical and morphometric analyses were conducted on the obtained data.The results showed significant positive correlations between attractiveness ratings across gender,age,and culture.However,the results of the geometric morphometrics revealed that several differences in preferences regarding facial contours were observed among participants by gender.Additionally,Japanese raters were more likely than American raters to emphasize raised eyebrows for faces in attractive male images,and smaller mouths for faces in attractive female images.These results suggest that the facial features driving attractiveness evaluations differ depending on gender and culture,offering detailed insights into the culturally diverse standards of facial attractiveness.This study adds to the growing understanding of how cultural and individual factors shape aesthetic preferences,questioning the notion of universal beauty,and offering a clearer framework for future cross-cultural research on facial attractiveness.展开更多
This study examined the impact of facial attractiveness and group identity of male proposers on the fairness decision-making of female participants in an ultimatum game.Results showed that participants were more likel...This study examined the impact of facial attractiveness and group identity of male proposers on the fairness decision-making of female participants in an ultimatum game.Results showed that participants were more likely to accept unfair offers from both attractive proposers and in-group proposers.展开更多
This study examined how voice attractiveness and group identity influence ultimatum decisions.Attractive voices only increased acceptance of 8:2 offers,suggesting a weak beauty premium effect.In-group proposers'un...This study examined how voice attractiveness and group identity influence ultimatum decisions.Attractive voices only increased acceptance of 8:2 offers,suggesting a weak beauty premium effect.In-group proposers'unfair offers also had elevated acceptance,supporting Social Identity Theory.展开更多
文摘Through analyzing relevant documents,connotations of rural landscape attractiveness were introduced,and existing problems of present rural landscapes elaborated.It was proposed that rural tourism of China has no effective strategic planning,distinctive characteristics of landscape products,or efficient marketing of rural landscape resources.Influencing factors of rural landscape attractiveness were summarized,and suggestions were given to improve the attractiveness by combining with actual conditions of China.Moreover,it was stressed that favorable rural landscape images should be created,and more efforts devoted in safeguarding native-soil cultural landscapes and exploring tourist market of rural landscape resources.The study was to provide useful references for the new countryside construction of China.
基金Supported by Research Project of Guilin College of Aerospace Technology (X09S024)~~
文摘Through survey of visitors,relevant data had been acquired.By aid of factor analysis method,computation model of comprehensive tourist attractiveness of ancient villages and towns was established,which had certain theoretical and practical guidance value to rural tourism resources development and market development.
文摘Spatial equity in access to urban services is a significant element of sustainable urban planning.To date,a service-based index is used to measure service attractiveness,considering attractiveness as a static concept.While from the user side view,service attractiveness is a dynamic concept related to the variation of different opportunities of users to use the services and capacities.In this paper,a user-based method for measuring service attractiveness is proposed.In this approach,the attractiveness of service for a user is modeled as a function of the user's Travel Times(TT),Free Times(FTs),park size and relative positions of the user,local demanding population,and service.Then,the inequity of attractiveness of services for different users has been examined using three inequity indices including the Duration of Use(DU),Frequency of Visit(FV),and the Chance of Space Choice(CSC).The proposed method is applied to urban regional parks of Tehran municipality.Traffc Analysis Zones(TAZs)and regional parks are respectively regarded as the users and services.In addition to considering inequity of access to the first closest park,the additional cost of accessing to the other two closest parks is also considered.Results show that the proposed method leads to the exploration of the existing inequities of DU,FV,and CSC among residents in local scales,whereas in the service-based method,all users of a service are highlighted with a single value of attractiveness.Comparison of the user-based and service-based attractiveness indices show significant differences.As an example,user-based attractiveness values of about 14%and 20%of TAZs are respectively 5 and 3 square meters more than that of the service-based attractiveness index.However,the service-based method is suitable for regional-scale comparison of the inequities.Therefore,the proposed index can complement the service-based index for inequity mapping and management in varying scales.
文摘Arthur Miller's masterpiece Death of a Salesman is a very clear attack on the American success myth.The most dominant theme running throughout the play is Willy Loman's philosophy of personal attractiveness and its doomed futility.This philosophy not only brings failure to Willy's career but also destruction to Willy's family members.
基金supported by the New Talent Program of Zhejiang Province, China (2013R404046)
文摘Animation creates a vivid, virtual world and expands the scope of human imagination. In this study, we investigated the time-courses of brain responses related to the evaluation of the attractiveness of cartoon faces using the event-related potential （ERP） technique. The results demonstrated that N170 amplitude was higher for attractive than for unattractive cartoon faces in males, while the opposite was found in females. Facial attractiveness notably modulated the late positive component （LPC）, which might reflect the task-related process of aesthetic appraisal of beauty. The mean LPC amplitude in males was significantly higher for attractive cartoon faces than for unattractive faces, while the LPC amplitude in females did not significantly differ between attractive and unattractive cartoon faces. Moreover, the paint mode （computer graphics, gouache, and stick figure） modulated the early encoding of facial structures and the late evaluative process. The early modulation effect by paint mode may be related to the spatial frequency of the pictures. The processing speed and intensity in females were both higher than those in males. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, reported ERP modulation based on the assessment of cartoon facial attractiveness, suggesting the facilitated selection of attractiveness information at the early stage, and that the attentional enhancement of attractive faces at the late stage only exists in males. This suggests that men＇s brains are hard-wired to be sensitive to facial beauty, even in cartoons.
文摘Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2008BAA13B01)
文摘In this paper, a new evolving model with tunable attractiveness is presented. Based on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） model, we introduce the attractiveness of node which can change with node degree. Using the mean-field theory, we obtain the analytical expression of power-law degree distribution with the exponent γ∈ （3, ∞）. The new model is more homogeneous and has a lower clustering coefficient and bigger average path length than the BA model.
文摘We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administration of SRBS to mature males resulted in a drop of sexual scent attractiveness of soiled bedding collected during 5 days after injection.This effect was accompanied with a decline of fecal testosterone.Reduction of the male scent attractiveness after SRBC treatment had maximum manifestation in males of dwarf hamsters with low humoral immune response to this challenge.Contrary to the effects of SRBC,males injected with LPS showed an increase of scent attractiveness.Differences in the time that mature females spent sniffing olfactory stimuli(LPS vs control),correlated positively with differences in concentration of testosterone in feces collected from LPS and saline treated males.We discuss the adaptive meaning of the opposite olfactory effects,which induced by activation of the nonspecific innate immunity with LPS and by activation of specific acquired immunity with SRBC.
基金Under the auspices of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020237)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171109)。
文摘Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and also provide recreational services for urban residents.However,it is still unclear how the recreational attractiveness of urban parks can be evaluated.In this study,12 typical parks in Changchun,China were selected for evaluation of their recreational attractiveness.We built a recreational attractiveness evaluation system based on the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to produce a composite evaluation index.This method included:1)the landscape quality of the parks;2)the recreational facilities;3)the conditions of the area;and 4)the accessibility of the parks.Our results showed that Nanhu Park,Children’s Park,Shengli Park,and Jingyuetan Forest Park had high recreational attractiveness,whereas Linyuan Park had the lowest attractiveness among the 12 parks.These results agreed with the information obtained from a field survey of the actual recreational and revisit rates,which showed that the evaluation index is reliable.Correlation analysis showed that the landscape quality and recreational facilities of parks had a direct effect on their recreational attractiveness.A negative correlation was found between the accessibility of a park and its recreational attractiveness.We conclude that if the scenery and facilities are not as good as a visitor expects,then they may choose to visit a different park,even if it takes a longer time to reach.
基金The research work of this paper is hunded by National Natural Science Foundation of China.No.7957004
文摘External factors influenee the strategic selections, internal strength and management activities of an enterprise. This paper discusses the key factors of industrial attractiveness, puts forward a new method for evaluating industrial attractiveness by using improved Hamming neural net in order to provide scientifie support when an enterprise makes its developing strategies.
文摘This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in his choice In this investigation, a model elaborated based on a detailed situational analysis considering different aspects related with offering and demand that compose the tourist activity dimensions, such as infra structure, tourism potential, geographical factors, climate, economy, cultural and environmental resources public policies and sustainability was adopted. The competitive environment also was analyzed, once tourists have different destinations to their disposal which is attracted for destinations that offer optimum value and the greatest number of benefits. To reach the proposed objectives, an exploratory research through in depth personal interviews with 20 individuals was carried on using snow ball technique aims to identify the possible factors of attractiveness and related degree of importance of each of these possible factors in the tourist consumer behavior. After that, a confirmatory research was conducted with 150 individuals. The sampling process was done using convenience sample and data which were collected between November and December, 2009, through direct proportionally survey divided between man and woman
文摘This paper is intended to give a contribution to the debate on the functional relationship between the museum and the local territory; more specifically, the aim of this study is to understand the role of a museum location in attracting visitors and influencing their processes of choice and satisfaction. The study follows, in particular, a previous study conducted by Mariani and Mussini （2013） based on Fondazione di Venezia data, with a view to better contextualization level. Previous studies have examined the role of museums in enhancing the image of a destination and in attracting and conveying additional tourists＇ fluxes, arguing that although not all museums are a destination of choice for visitors, a great museum or a strong exhibition program still does represent a national and international attraction. This paper overturns this argument investigating whereas an appealing location （such as a tourist destination） can influence prospective visitors about the level of attractiveness of a pay cultural event taking place therein. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected at the Palazzo Ducale in Venice, Italy, in 2007, during the art exhibition ＂Venezia e l＇Islam 829-1797＂, via 501 face-to-face visitors interviews. The research model analyzes data through the conjoint analysis and the descriptive statistics. Results show that the exhibition location has been a relevant factor in influencing the visitors＇ decision process linked to the attendance of the event. Data show that, for the majority of visitors, the exhibition had been located elsewhere, they would not have visited it. Thus, an appealing location or a structured tourist destination may function as an attractive platform that may contribute to enforce the overall visitor＇s satisfaction with regard to his or her attendance to a cultural event. Furthermore, such a fact depends on specific objective variables （e.g., level of education, age）, although no significant differences were reported between segments based on other socio-demographic characteristics such as sex. To conclude, arts and cultural managers should market and position cultural events in locations that can function as attractive, thus as emotionally driven experience consumption sites. Furthermore, they should consider both the cognitive and the emotional aspects of visitor＇s experience when designing and planning their events, as well as when assessing visitor＇s satisfaction. Cognitive and emotional aspects should be considered simultaneously when measuring visitors＇ satisfaction. In shaping visitors＇ satisfaction, emotions, such as the pleasure to be in a particular location, are more significant than cognitive aspects, such as the theme of the exhibition.
基金Sponsored by Key Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province (SD201075)Research and Practice Project of Higher Education Teaching Reform in Hebei Province (2019GJJG249)Graduate Demonstration Course Project in Hebei Province (KCJS2019069)。
文摘With the rapid development of urban commercial complex in China,its roof garden becomes an important container for outdoor consumption and activities as the link between itself and the city,and more and more attention has been paid to its attractiveness.First,roof garden of Handan Meilecheng is taken as research object,and quantitative method of spatial attractiveness is established based on the number of spontaneous and chain activities and their intensity score.On this basis,data are collected via field investigation,and spatial attractiveness of roof garden of Meilecheng is quantified,and its distribution characteristics are summarized.Second,the cause of the characteristics formation is explained from the perspective of built environment elements.Finally,corresponding optimization strategies are proposed from four aspects:setting of landscape platform,increase of interest in sculpture sketches,design of space boundary,and improvement of spatial accessibility,which could provide reference for planning,design and transformation of roof garden of commercial complex in the future.
文摘The main goal of this review is to give an overview of scientific publications concerning the employer attractiveness of German hospitals from the perspective of medical doctors in order to identify future research possibilities. After a summary of central problems concerning the German health sector and its current challenges, the study design behind the systematic content analysis as well as its criteria are presented. Selected results describe characteristics of expert literature for employer attractiveness in general, the attractiveness of German hospitals as employers (“hospital employer attractiveness” for short) as well as employer attractiveness from a medical doctor’s point of view. For each of these areas, focal points of research and main results are summarized and research gaps are pointed out.
文摘External perceptions of individuals based on the presence of tattoos were assessed. College students completed anonline attitudinal assessment in a 4 × 2 design. Participants were asked to rate the aesthetics of tattoos and models（11 women and 17 men） from Photoshopped images. Results （n = 152 usable of 177 collected） indicate that aswhole models and tattoos are not affected in aesthetic appeal, but individually some models and tattoos wereaffected. Tattoos were rated as better quality art when the model can be seen; thus, contextualization allows forgreater appreciation of the tattoo. Results support extant research that indicates women＇s attractiveness is notaffected by tattoos, which also providing a new approach for tattooed individuals.
文摘In this article the possibilities of functioning of breast as an attractant to male and leading to a long lasting relation in many cases are discussed. The three mechanisms discussed are on the basis of visual stimuli, pheromone and other chemicals like sebum.
基金supported by JST SPRING,JPMJSP2123The Keio University Doctorate Student Grant-in-Aid Program from Ushioda Memorial Fund(Graduate School Recommendation)+1 种基金JSPS KAKENHI,25KJ0044 and 24K21502MEXT KAKENHI,24H02199.
文摘Facial attractiveness is a critical factor in forming interpersonal impressions.Evaluations of facial attractiveness were previously considered universal.However,it has recently been pointed out that individuals and cultures can diversify their evaluations.This study conducted Web experiments using the facial images of Japanese and American participants to examine the effects of raters'gender,age,and culture on facial attractiveness.Experiment 1 examined the impact of gender and age on Japanese raters.Experiment 2 explored the effects of culture on Japanese and American raters.Statistical and morphometric analyses were conducted on the obtained data.The results showed significant positive correlations between attractiveness ratings across gender,age,and culture.However,the results of the geometric morphometrics revealed that several differences in preferences regarding facial contours were observed among participants by gender.Additionally,Japanese raters were more likely than American raters to emphasize raised eyebrows for faces in attractive male images,and smaller mouths for faces in attractive female images.These results suggest that the facial features driving attractiveness evaluations differ depending on gender and culture,offering detailed insights into the culturally diverse standards of facial attractiveness.This study adds to the growing understanding of how cultural and individual factors shape aesthetic preferences,questioning the notion of universal beauty,and offering a clearer framework for future cross-cultural research on facial attractiveness.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education(23YJAZH119)the Education Science Planning Project of Jiangsu Province(B-b/2024/01/38)+1 种基金Social Science Application Research Boutique Engineering Project of Jiangsu Province(23SYB-112)Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623132).
文摘This study examined the impact of facial attractiveness and group identity of male proposers on the fairness decision-making of female participants in an ultimatum game.Results showed that participants were more likely to accept unfair offers from both attractive proposers and in-group proposers.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education(23YJAZH119)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400869)+1 种基金the Education Science Planning Project of Jiangsu Province(B-b/2024/01/38)the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623132).
文摘This study examined how voice attractiveness and group identity influence ultimatum decisions.Attractive voices only increased acceptance of 8:2 offers,suggesting a weak beauty premium effect.In-group proposers'unfair offers also had elevated acceptance,supporting Social Identity Theory.
