Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Method...Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Methods:A multicenter,cross-sectional study design was employed,involving a convenience sample of 273 nurses among five university hospitals from August to October 2024.Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire,Ethical Leadership Scale,Psychological Safety Scale,Positive Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing Scale,and Internal Whistleblowing Scale.Pearson correlation and structural equation model were conducted to test the hypothesized dual mediation model.Results:The average score of nurses for ethical leadership was 4.14±0.57,psychological safety was 3.80±0.64,reporting attitudes was 4.12±0.67,internal whistleblowing was 3.93±0.52.Ethical leadership had a significant effect on psychological safety(β=0.38,P<0.001),reporting attitudes(β=0.44,P<0.001),and internal whistleblowing(β=0.21,P=0.009).Furthermore,psychological safety(β=0.26,P<0.001)and reporting attitudes(β=0.27,P<0.001)significantly influenced internal whistleblowing among the nurses.The indirect effect of ethics-centered leadership on internal whistleblowing intermediated by psychological safety was significant(β=0.10,P<0.001).Similarly,reporting attitudes demonstrated a significant mediating effect(β=0.12,P=0.003).Conclusions:Ethical leadership encourages internal whistleblowing among nurses by fostering psychological safety and positive reporting attitudes.Therefore,healthcare managers should prioritize ethical leadership development,enhance psychological safety,and foster constructive reporting attitudes that enable nurses to report ethical violations confidently,without apprehension.展开更多
Adolescent depressive symptoms represent a significant public health concern,with negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes playing pivotal roles in theirdevelopment.A cross-sectional study by Yu et al assessed...Adolescent depressive symptoms represent a significant public health concern,with negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes playing pivotal roles in theirdevelopment.A cross-sectional study by Yu et al assessed the interplay betweendysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depressive symptoms in 795 Chineseadolescents(49.9%male,mean age 15.2±1.8 years,age range 11-18 years)fromfive middle schools in Shandong Province.Using the Dysfunctional AttitudesScale,Adolescent Life Events Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and SocialSupport Rating Scale,the study identified that dysfunctional attitudes,particularlyover-autonomy and over-perfectionism,mediate the relationship betweennegative life events and depressive symptoms.Social support moderated thisrelationship,significantly reducing depressive symptoms.These findingsunderscore the need for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting dysfunctionalattitudes and enhancing social support to address adolescent depressivesymptoms.In this article,we extend their findings to highlight the significance ofculturally tailored interventions that incorporate familial and communitydynamics in mitigating depressive symptoms,particularly in collectivist societies.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients and identify the associated factors among community nurses in Shanghai.Methods:The study was conducted among community nurses...Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients and identify the associated factors among community nurses in Shanghai.Methods:The study was conducted among community nurses using convenience sampling in Shanghai between August and November 2023.The demographic questionnaire,the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-B(FATCOD-B),and the Coping with Death Scale(CDS)were used for data collection.Data analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:A total of 1,396 community nurses participated in this study.The overall FATCOD-B score among community nurses was 102.27±10.23,the attitude toward caring for the dying person’s family dimension scored the highest(4.03±0.53),whereas the attitude toward the communication dimension scored the lowest(2.86±0.52).The overall CDS score was 130.78±20.25.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that death coping ability and blended death education accounted for 13.7%of the variance in community nurses’attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Conclusions:Community nurses in Shanghai exhibit moderate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Nurses with greater death coping ability and those who participated in blended death education tended to have more positive attitudes toward terminally ill patients.These findingsunderscore the potential of blended death education as a practical strategy to enhance hospice care quality in community health service centers.展开更多
Language education has predominantly focused on classroom instruction and pedagogical strategies,yet the sociological aspects of learning-especially the family’s role-are often overlooked in English as a Foreign Lang...Language education has predominantly focused on classroom instruction and pedagogical strategies,yet the sociological aspects of learning-especially the family’s role-are often overlooked in English as a Foreign Language(EFL)contexts.This study explores how parental attitudes,support systems,and disciplinary approaches influence Turkish university students’oral fluency in English.While educators and curricula are frequently held accountable for low communicative competence,this paper posits that sociocultural factors originating from the home environment play a crucial role.Utilizing a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design with 210 undergraduate EFL learners and 24 lecturers from four Turkish universities,data were gathered through questionnaires,interviews,and parental focus groups.Findings indicate that students with supportive and engaged parents exhibit greater self-efficacy,confidence,and linguistic agency in communication tasks.In contrast,those from indifferent or authoritarian families experience anxiety,low motivation,and stagnation in oral skills.Grounded in Bourdieu’s social capital theory,Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory,and Coleman’s social context of learning,this study conceptualizes the family as an“invisible classroom”where linguistic habits,discipline,and cultural aspirations are cultivated.The paper concludes by proposing a Family-Engaged EFL Fluency Model(FE-EFM)that integrates learner development within a framework of sociological co-responsibility involving parents,educators,and institutions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Global tumor incidence rises and therapies advance,driving oncology nursing specialization.Granting nurses prescriptive authority optimizes care but polarizes nurses'attitudes due to factors like risk a...BACKGROUND Global tumor incidence rises and therapies advance,driving oncology nursing specialization.Granting nurses prescriptive authority optimizes care but polarizes nurses'attitudes due to factors like risk and competence,hindering policy implementation.AIM To investigate the current status of the attitudes of oncology specialist nurses toward having prescribing authority,specifically concerning symptom management and supportive care in oncology practice,and we conducted a path analysis of their influencing factors.METHODS As participants in the survey,oncology specialist nurses working in hospitals of different grades in Jiangsu Province were selected from March 2025 to May 2025 using a stratified sampling method.The questionnaires were administered using the general information questionnaire,the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale,the nurses'professional identity scale,and the selfefficacy scale.Pearson’s method was used to analyze the correlation between beliefs and attitudes about the prescriptive authority,professional identity,and self-efficacy of nurses.Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing the beliefs and attitudes of nurses’prescriptive authority.The Amos plug-in was used to construct structural equation models to analyze the influencing pathways.RESULTS A total of 329 questionnaires were distributed,and 328 valid questionnaires were returned(effective recovery rate:99.70%).The total score of the 328 oncology nurses on the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale was 101.88±15.13,indicating a moderately high level.Univariate analysis revealed that gender and hospital grade were associated with this score(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale and the nurses’professional identity scale(r=0.4999,P<0.0001 and r=0.7048,P<0.05,respectively),whereas occupational identity was positively correlated only with the former(r=0.6209,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed occupational identity and self-efficacy as the factors influencing the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale(P<0.05).The results of the path analysis revealed that selfefficacy significantly positively affected nurses’occupational identity and their beliefs and attitudes about having prescriptive authority;occupational identity played a mediating role between the two,with a mediating effect accounting for 54.46% of the total effect,and the structural equation model was well-fitted.CONCLUSION Oncology nurses have more positive attitudes toward prescriptive authority.In addition,self-efficacy positively and indirectly affects nurses’attitudes toward prescriptive authority through the mediating effect of occupational identity.This can be used as a basis for clinical practice to take targeted measures to improve nurses’self-efficacy and occupational identity,thus creating favorable conditions for effectively implementing the policy of prescriptive authority.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation ...Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation to support the establishment of nurses’ prescriptive authority in China. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 937 nurses in Yunnan Province using the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale on Nurses’ Prescriptive Authority. The scale assessed four dimensions: perceived need, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the overall score and each dimension. Results: The total score of the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale was 89.17 ± 17.69, indicating a moderate level of awareness and positive attitude among nurses. The highest-scoring dimension was perceived benefits (34.94 ± 8.04), while the lowest was perceived barriers (15.23 ± 3.5). Age was identified as a significant factor influencing the overall score and self-efficacy dimension (P < 0.05). Years of practice influenced the perceived benefits dimension (P = 0.051), while gender, age, and professional title were key factors affecting the perceived barriers dimension (P < 0.05). Male nurses and senior nurses demonstrated more caution toward potential risks associated with prescriptive authority. Conclusion: Nurses in Yunnan Province exhibit moderate levels of belief in and attitudes toward prescriptive authority, with age being the most significant influencing factor. Tailored training programs, policy promotion, and practical guidance are recommended to enhance nurses’ understanding and support for prescriptive authority, thereby improving nursing practices and addressing regional healthcare challenges.展开更多
Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age in China, exploring the factors that influence their understanding of the disease and their perception...Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age in China, exploring the factors that influence their understanding of the disease and their perceptions toward individuals infected with HBV. Methods: A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, using purposive sampling to select 114 women of reproductive age from a community in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected through two structured questionnaires: one assessing HBV knowledge and the other measuring attitudes toward HBV. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests and Spearman correlation analysis, were used to examine relationships between demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: The majority of participants demonstrated low knowledge about Hepatitis B, with 99.1% scoring within the low knowledge range. However, respondents exhibited generally positive attitudes toward prevention and inclusion. Significant associations were found between vaccination history and better knowledge scores, as well as between familial exposure and increased knowledge and positive attitudes. A weak inverse relationship between knowledge and attitudes was observed, suggesting that higher knowledge did not necessarily correlate with more favorable attitudes. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in knowledge about Hepatitis B among women of reproductive age, despite positive attitudes toward prevention and social inclusion. Vaccination history and familial exposure were key factors associated with better knowledge and more supportive attitudes. These findings suggest the need for targeted health education strategies that address both knowledge gaps and emotional factors to improve attitudes and enhance preventive behaviors.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use in college students,and how it is moderated by attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help.Participants were 14...This study investigated the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use in college students,and how it is moderated by attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help.Participants were 1451 Chinese college students(female=60.2%;mean age=19.85 years,SD=1.89 years).They completed the Interaction Anxiousness Scale,the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form,and the Problematic Internet Use Scale.The results revealed that college students with higher social anxiety reported greater severity of problematic Internet use.Moreover,students with negative attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help also reported greater severity of problematic Internet use.Notably,attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help moderated the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use in college student,such that the relationship was weakened when attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help was positive.These findings suggest a need for student development and support programs for promoting openness to seeking professional psychological help if with problematic Internet use from social anxiety.展开更多
To investigate mainstream kindergarten teachers’attitudes towards inclusive education for children with special needs,this study surveyed 422 teachers from 26 inclusive kindergartens in Suzhou.The findings indicate t...To investigate mainstream kindergarten teachers’attitudes towards inclusive education for children with special needs,this study surveyed 422 teachers from 26 inclusive kindergartens in Suzhou.The findings indicate that while teachers in inclusive settings possess some understanding of children with special needs,this knowledge remains limited.Teachers expressed greater willingness to accept children with special needs into mainstream kindergartens when adequate teaching support is available and parents of typically developing children are supportive.Based on these findings,recommendations are proposed to provide empirical reference points for advancing preschool inclusive education in China.展开更多
Background:We aimed to study physician attitudes toward ultrasound-guided procedures and possible improvements.We hypothesized that the usage of ultrasound in procedures may be limited by a high barrier of entry and t...Background:We aimed to study physician attitudes toward ultrasound-guided procedures and possible improvements.We hypothesized that the usage of ultrasound in procedures may be limited by a high barrier of entry and that most physicians would choose to adopt software that provides real-time image guidance if accessible.Methods:A voluntary,cross-sectional survey of physicians at a single site was conducted using a five-point Likert scale.Data analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses and stratified by categorical descriptors,including variables of formal training,years of experience,and specialty of practice.Results:One hundred sixteen physicians responded to the survey.The majority disagreed that there was a steep learning curve(57.5%)and that they need more time to identify structures under ultrasound(85.0%).Overall attitudes were mixed about the use of additional software to improve ease of use,but most(55.4%)had positive opinions toward the addition of real-time 3D reconstruction.Respondents without formal training were significantly more likely to agree that additional software would improve ease of ultrasound-guided procedures(p=0.0389).Radiologists were significantly more likely to perceive a steeper learning curve and less likely to advocate for supplemental software compared to emergency medicine physicians,surgeons,or anesthesiologists.Conclusions:Surveyed physicians demonstrated comfort with ultrasound-guided procedures and a mixed stance toward the use of additional software to assist with procedures.Those without formal training had significantly more positive attitudes toward the use of additional technology to augment ultrasound-guided procedures,suggesting a knowledge gap that may benefit from such technology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on ...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.展开更多
BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes...BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes and barriers toward organ donation.METHODSA cross-sectional study was adopted and included 607 samples consisting ofstudents, faculty, and staff who were selected from three universities in Ajmanand who had signed consent forms. A validated self-administered questionnairethat included 13 attitudes and 14 barrier items was used as a tool. The reliabilityof the tool was 0.89 (Cronbach's alpha). In the analysis of attitude scores, responseswere rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 representing 'strongly disagree'and 4 representing 'strongly agree' for supportive attitudes towards organdonation. Participants with a total attitude score of 39 or higher indicated agreementor strong agreement with all items, reflecting a generally supportiveattitude toward organ donation. Lower scores suggested that the respondent wasneutral or disagreed with one or more items, indicating a less supportive attitudetoward organ donation. Knowledge about organ donation was assessed by selfadministeredquestionnaire that included 13 items. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 29. χ2 was used to assess associations between variables.RESULTSMost participants were young (≤ 30 years old, 83.7%), female (79.2%), from World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region countries (69.5%), Muslim (82.4%), students (80.6%), single(83.9%), and from a nursing college (33.1%). The majority had no personal or family history of organ donation(93.2% and 93.9%, respectively). Supportive attitudes toward organ donation were significantly associated withreligion (P = 0.003), working status (P = 0.009), university (P = 0.019), and knowledge (P < 0.001). Additionally,those with a personal or family history of organ donation were significantly more supportive (56.8% vs 33.3%, P =0.004). Lack of awareness was the most reported barrier for organ donation (64.1%) followed by being afraid oforgan donation due to medical procedures required (51.9%).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that supportive attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by demographic factors,personal experiences, and knowledge levels. Lack of awareness and fear of medical procedures were the mostreported barriers to organ donation. These results highlight the need for targeted educational programs to increaseawareness and promote positive attitudes toward organ donation.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its ...Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.展开更多
Shield attitudes,essentially governed by intricate mechanisms,impact the segment assembly quality and tunnel axis deviation.In data-driven prediction,however,existing methods using the original driving parameters fail...Shield attitudes,essentially governed by intricate mechanisms,impact the segment assembly quality and tunnel axis deviation.In data-driven prediction,however,existing methods using the original driving parameters fail to present convincing performance due to insufficient consideration of complicated interactions among the parameters.Therefore,a multi-dimensional feature synthesizing and screening method is proposed to explore the optimal features that can better reflect the physical mechanism in predicting shield tunneling attitudes.Features embedded with physical knowledge were synthesized from seven dimensions,which were validated by the clustering quality of Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)values.Subsequently,a novel index,Expected Impact Index(EII),has been proposed for screening the optimal features reliably.Finally,a Bayesian-optimized deep learning model was established to validate the proposed method in a case study.Results show that the proposed method effectively identifies the optimal parameters for shield attitude prediction,with an average Mean Squared Error(MSE)deduction of 27.3%.The proposed method realized effective assimilation of shield driving data with physical mechanism,providing a valuable reference for shield deviation control.展开更多
Recent research has emphasized that attitude is key to language learners’learning outcomes.More specifically,language learners’feelings about languages and language learning may affect their study behavior and willi...Recent research has emphasized that attitude is key to language learners’learning outcomes.More specifically,language learners’feelings about languages and language learning may affect their study behavior and willingness to engage with a second or foreign language.Few studies on language attitudes have been conducted with ethnic minority groups in China.As such,influencing factors(e.g.,gender,language proficiency)have not gained sufficient attention.The present study aims to explore language attitudes,especially towards multilingualism,among members of the Li minority group in Hainan,China.First,we conceptualized and validated a questionnaire on attitudes towards multilingualism.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis verified the survey’s validity.Then,we examined how selected sociodemographic variables(e.g.,gender and language proficiency)influenced students’attitudes towards multilingualism.Hierarchical regression was performed to ascertain the contribution of each predictor variable to learners’attitudes towards multilingualism.Results revealed no significant relationship between gender and language attitudes but found a significant impact of students’language proficiency level on their attitudes towards multilingualism.Implications for minority students’multilingual learning were discussed based on the findings.展开更多
The application of technology in language classrooms has recently become commonplace. However, a very important set of variables, such as the teacher＇s attitudes toward the effective uses of computers in the classroo...The application of technology in language classrooms has recently become commonplace. However, a very important set of variables, such as the teacher＇s attitudes toward the effective uses of computers in the classroom and SA （self-assessment）--on the part of the students--have been overlooked in EFL （English as a foreign language） classrooms. The goals of this study are defining teacher beliefs, discussing the relationship between teachers＇ beliefs about the application of SA and integration of computer technology, reviewing teachers＇ beliefs and computer knowledge, elaborating teachers＇ beliefs and computer technology training. To this end, a total number of 68 EFL teachers participated in this study. Participants of the experimental group included the teachers who had already been trained how to use and apply computer in their teaching, and the participants of the experimental group included the teachers who were teaching in traditional learning and teaching environments with the least access to and employ of computer. Comparing the participants in the experimental and control groups＇ attitude questionnaire showed that Iranian EFL teachers＇ positive attitudes toward SA will improve if they are engaged in computer supported learning and teaching environments展开更多
Increased life expectancy has led to policy interest in adding quality to years of life and in related concepts such as attitudes to ageing. Improving attitudes to ageing is regarded as one means of improving the part...Increased life expectancy has led to policy interest in adding quality to years of life and in related concepts such as attitudes to ageing. Improving attitudes to ageing is regarded as one means of improving the participation and contribution of older people within society. In considering age- related attitudes in the dynamic nature of social identity, age is not just one social category that may or may not constitute a part of one’s identity. Other identities such as gender may be more salient in attitudes to ageing. The purpose of this study was to explore Norwegian gender differences in attitudes to ageing among 282 females and 200 males living in the community. Attitudes to ageing were measured using the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ;Laidlaw, Power, Schmidt, & the WHOQOL-OLD Group, 2007). Both genders in this study had positive attitudes toward their ageing, in spite of acknowledging loss with problems of exclusion, making friends and talking about difficult feelings. Compared to men, women perceived ageing as a time of greater loss, however, they felt more strongly that ageing brought wisdom and that their life had made a difference. On the other hand, men felt more strongly that physical problems did not hold them back from doing what they wanted to do and believed more strongly that they passed on their experiences to others. Both genders felt that their identity was not defined by age, they didn’t feel old, aging was a privilege, and appraised the importance of exercising. Attitudes to ageing are becoming increasingly important in ageing societies. Such positive attitudes should be regarded with importance to health professionals, leaders and policy makers in planning interventions to buffer the detrimental aspects of ageing.展开更多
Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the settin...Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.展开更多
Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaire...Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaires, Pain Management Barriers Questionnaire-Taiwan form（BQT）, and Pain Knowledge Questionnaire were administered to 363 pairs of hospitalized cancer patients and their caregivers from the oncology departments of 7 hospitals in Beijing, China.Results： The average patient score for attitudes towards pain management was 2.96±0.49. The dimension scores indicated good attitudes in three areas（scores 〈2.5）, ＂Desire to be good＂（2.22±1.04）, ＂Fatalism＂（2.08±0.81） and＂Religious fatalism＂（1.86±1.00）, and poor attitudes in six areas（scores ≥2.5）, ＂Tolerance＂（3.83±0.96）, ＂Use of analgesics as needed（p.r.n.）＂（3.73±1.01）, ＂Addiction＂（3.44±1.05）, ＂Disease progression＂（3.28±1.26）, ＂Distraction of physicians＂（3.16±1.07） and ＂Side effects＂（2.99±0.68）. Two factors were entered into the regression equation：the caregivers＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and the patients＇ pain knowledge. These two factors explained 23.2% of the total variance in the patients＇ average scores for their attitudes towards cancer pain management.Conclusions： The patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management were poor and could be influenced by the caregivers＇ attitudes and the patients＇ pain knowledge, and thus need to be improved.展开更多
Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to w...Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.展开更多
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Methods:A multicenter,cross-sectional study design was employed,involving a convenience sample of 273 nurses among five university hospitals from August to October 2024.Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire,Ethical Leadership Scale,Psychological Safety Scale,Positive Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing Scale,and Internal Whistleblowing Scale.Pearson correlation and structural equation model were conducted to test the hypothesized dual mediation model.Results:The average score of nurses for ethical leadership was 4.14±0.57,psychological safety was 3.80±0.64,reporting attitudes was 4.12±0.67,internal whistleblowing was 3.93±0.52.Ethical leadership had a significant effect on psychological safety(β=0.38,P<0.001),reporting attitudes(β=0.44,P<0.001),and internal whistleblowing(β=0.21,P=0.009).Furthermore,psychological safety(β=0.26,P<0.001)and reporting attitudes(β=0.27,P<0.001)significantly influenced internal whistleblowing among the nurses.The indirect effect of ethics-centered leadership on internal whistleblowing intermediated by psychological safety was significant(β=0.10,P<0.001).Similarly,reporting attitudes demonstrated a significant mediating effect(β=0.12,P=0.003).Conclusions:Ethical leadership encourages internal whistleblowing among nurses by fostering psychological safety and positive reporting attitudes.Therefore,healthcare managers should prioritize ethical leadership development,enhance psychological safety,and foster constructive reporting attitudes that enable nurses to report ethical violations confidently,without apprehension.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding Project,No.BJ-2023-206.
文摘Adolescent depressive symptoms represent a significant public health concern,with negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes playing pivotal roles in theirdevelopment.A cross-sectional study by Yu et al assessed the interplay betweendysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depressive symptoms in 795 Chineseadolescents(49.9%male,mean age 15.2±1.8 years,age range 11-18 years)fromfive middle schools in Shandong Province.Using the Dysfunctional AttitudesScale,Adolescent Life Events Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and SocialSupport Rating Scale,the study identified that dysfunctional attitudes,particularlyover-autonomy and over-perfectionism,mediate the relationship betweennegative life events and depressive symptoms.Social support moderated thisrelationship,significantly reducing depressive symptoms.These findingsunderscore the need for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting dysfunctionalattitudes and enhancing social support to address adolescent depressivesymptoms.In this article,we extend their findings to highlight the significance ofculturally tailored interventions that incorporate familial and communitydynamics in mitigating depressive symptoms,particularly in collectivist societies.
基金supported by the“Climbing Plan”for Outstanding Young Teachers at Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences(A3-0200-21-311008)Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(23YJC630002).
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients and identify the associated factors among community nurses in Shanghai.Methods:The study was conducted among community nurses using convenience sampling in Shanghai between August and November 2023.The demographic questionnaire,the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-B(FATCOD-B),and the Coping with Death Scale(CDS)were used for data collection.Data analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:A total of 1,396 community nurses participated in this study.The overall FATCOD-B score among community nurses was 102.27±10.23,the attitude toward caring for the dying person’s family dimension scored the highest(4.03±0.53),whereas the attitude toward the communication dimension scored the lowest(2.86±0.52).The overall CDS score was 130.78±20.25.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that death coping ability and blended death education accounted for 13.7%of the variance in community nurses’attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Conclusions:Community nurses in Shanghai exhibit moderate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Nurses with greater death coping ability and those who participated in blended death education tended to have more positive attitudes toward terminally ill patients.These findingsunderscore the potential of blended death education as a practical strategy to enhance hospice care quality in community health service centers.
文摘Language education has predominantly focused on classroom instruction and pedagogical strategies,yet the sociological aspects of learning-especially the family’s role-are often overlooked in English as a Foreign Language(EFL)contexts.This study explores how parental attitudes,support systems,and disciplinary approaches influence Turkish university students’oral fluency in English.While educators and curricula are frequently held accountable for low communicative competence,this paper posits that sociocultural factors originating from the home environment play a crucial role.Utilizing a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design with 210 undergraduate EFL learners and 24 lecturers from four Turkish universities,data were gathered through questionnaires,interviews,and parental focus groups.Findings indicate that students with supportive and engaged parents exhibit greater self-efficacy,confidence,and linguistic agency in communication tasks.In contrast,those from indifferent or authoritarian families experience anxiety,low motivation,and stagnation in oral skills.Grounded in Bourdieu’s social capital theory,Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory,and Coleman’s social context of learning,this study conceptualizes the family as an“invisible classroom”where linguistic habits,discipline,and cultural aspirations are cultivated.The paper concludes by proposing a Family-Engaged EFL Fluency Model(FE-EFM)that integrates learner development within a framework of sociological co-responsibility involving parents,educators,and institutions.
文摘BACKGROUND Global tumor incidence rises and therapies advance,driving oncology nursing specialization.Granting nurses prescriptive authority optimizes care but polarizes nurses'attitudes due to factors like risk and competence,hindering policy implementation.AIM To investigate the current status of the attitudes of oncology specialist nurses toward having prescribing authority,specifically concerning symptom management and supportive care in oncology practice,and we conducted a path analysis of their influencing factors.METHODS As participants in the survey,oncology specialist nurses working in hospitals of different grades in Jiangsu Province were selected from March 2025 to May 2025 using a stratified sampling method.The questionnaires were administered using the general information questionnaire,the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale,the nurses'professional identity scale,and the selfefficacy scale.Pearson’s method was used to analyze the correlation between beliefs and attitudes about the prescriptive authority,professional identity,and self-efficacy of nurses.Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing the beliefs and attitudes of nurses’prescriptive authority.The Amos plug-in was used to construct structural equation models to analyze the influencing pathways.RESULTS A total of 329 questionnaires were distributed,and 328 valid questionnaires were returned(effective recovery rate:99.70%).The total score of the 328 oncology nurses on the beliefs and attitudes about nurses'prescriptive authority scale was 101.88±15.13,indicating a moderately high level.Univariate analysis revealed that gender and hospital grade were associated with this score(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale and the nurses’professional identity scale(r=0.4999,P<0.0001 and r=0.7048,P<0.05,respectively),whereas occupational identity was positively correlated only with the former(r=0.6209,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed occupational identity and self-efficacy as the factors influencing the scores of the beliefs and attitudes about nurses’prescriptive authority scale(P<0.05).The results of the path analysis revealed that selfefficacy significantly positively affected nurses’occupational identity and their beliefs and attitudes about having prescriptive authority;occupational identity played a mediating role between the two,with a mediating effect accounting for 54.46% of the total effect,and the structural equation model was well-fitted.CONCLUSION Oncology nurses have more positive attitudes toward prescriptive authority.In addition,self-efficacy positively and indirectly affects nurses’attitudes toward prescriptive authority through the mediating effect of occupational identity.This can be used as a basis for clinical practice to take targeted measures to improve nurses’self-efficacy and occupational identity,thus creating favorable conditions for effectively implementing the policy of prescriptive authority.
文摘Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation to support the establishment of nurses’ prescriptive authority in China. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 937 nurses in Yunnan Province using the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale on Nurses’ Prescriptive Authority. The scale assessed four dimensions: perceived need, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the overall score and each dimension. Results: The total score of the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale was 89.17 ± 17.69, indicating a moderate level of awareness and positive attitude among nurses. The highest-scoring dimension was perceived benefits (34.94 ± 8.04), while the lowest was perceived barriers (15.23 ± 3.5). Age was identified as a significant factor influencing the overall score and self-efficacy dimension (P < 0.05). Years of practice influenced the perceived benefits dimension (P = 0.051), while gender, age, and professional title were key factors affecting the perceived barriers dimension (P < 0.05). Male nurses and senior nurses demonstrated more caution toward potential risks associated with prescriptive authority. Conclusion: Nurses in Yunnan Province exhibit moderate levels of belief in and attitudes toward prescriptive authority, with age being the most significant influencing factor. Tailored training programs, policy promotion, and practical guidance are recommended to enhance nurses’ understanding and support for prescriptive authority, thereby improving nursing practices and addressing regional healthcare challenges.
文摘Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age in China, exploring the factors that influence their understanding of the disease and their perceptions toward individuals infected with HBV. Methods: A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, using purposive sampling to select 114 women of reproductive age from a community in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected through two structured questionnaires: one assessing HBV knowledge and the other measuring attitudes toward HBV. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests and Spearman correlation analysis, were used to examine relationships between demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: The majority of participants demonstrated low knowledge about Hepatitis B, with 99.1% scoring within the low knowledge range. However, respondents exhibited generally positive attitudes toward prevention and inclusion. Significant associations were found between vaccination history and better knowledge scores, as well as between familial exposure and increased knowledge and positive attitudes. A weak inverse relationship between knowledge and attitudes was observed, suggesting that higher knowledge did not necessarily correlate with more favorable attitudes. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in knowledge about Hepatitis B among women of reproductive age, despite positive attitudes toward prevention and social inclusion. Vaccination history and familial exposure were key factors associated with better knowledge and more supportive attitudes. These findings suggest the need for targeted health education strategies that address both knowledge gaps and emotional factors to improve attitudes and enhance preventive behaviors.
基金funded by Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi’Department of Education(GJJ2200929)Key Project of Guangzhou Psychological Society(2023GZPS05).
文摘This study investigated the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use in college students,and how it is moderated by attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help.Participants were 1451 Chinese college students(female=60.2%;mean age=19.85 years,SD=1.89 years).They completed the Interaction Anxiousness Scale,the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form,and the Problematic Internet Use Scale.The results revealed that college students with higher social anxiety reported greater severity of problematic Internet use.Moreover,students with negative attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help also reported greater severity of problematic Internet use.Notably,attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help moderated the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use in college student,such that the relationship was weakened when attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help was positive.These findings suggest a need for student development and support programs for promoting openness to seeking professional psychological help if with problematic Internet use from social anxiety.
基金General Research Program in Philosophy and Social Sciences for Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,“Exploring Theoretical Models and Innovative Practices in Inclusive Education Competence for Pre-service Teachers”(Project No.:2021SJA1422)。
文摘To investigate mainstream kindergarten teachers’attitudes towards inclusive education for children with special needs,this study surveyed 422 teachers from 26 inclusive kindergartens in Suzhou.The findings indicate that while teachers in inclusive settings possess some understanding of children with special needs,this knowledge remains limited.Teachers expressed greater willingness to accept children with special needs into mainstream kindergartens when adequate teaching support is available and parents of typically developing children are supportive.Based on these findings,recommendations are proposed to provide empirical reference points for advancing preschool inclusive education in China.
文摘Background:We aimed to study physician attitudes toward ultrasound-guided procedures and possible improvements.We hypothesized that the usage of ultrasound in procedures may be limited by a high barrier of entry and that most physicians would choose to adopt software that provides real-time image guidance if accessible.Methods:A voluntary,cross-sectional survey of physicians at a single site was conducted using a five-point Likert scale.Data analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses and stratified by categorical descriptors,including variables of formal training,years of experience,and specialty of practice.Results:One hundred sixteen physicians responded to the survey.The majority disagreed that there was a steep learning curve(57.5%)and that they need more time to identify structures under ultrasound(85.0%).Overall attitudes were mixed about the use of additional software to improve ease of use,but most(55.4%)had positive opinions toward the addition of real-time 3D reconstruction.Respondents without formal training were significantly more likely to agree that additional software would improve ease of ultrasound-guided procedures(p=0.0389).Radiologists were significantly more likely to perceive a steeper learning curve and less likely to advocate for supplemental software compared to emergency medicine physicians,surgeons,or anesthesiologists.Conclusions:Surveyed physicians demonstrated comfort with ultrasound-guided procedures and a mixed stance toward the use of additional software to assist with procedures.Those without formal training had significantly more positive attitudes toward the use of additional technology to augment ultrasound-guided procedures,suggesting a knowledge gap that may benefit from such technology.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.
文摘BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes and barriers toward organ donation.METHODSA cross-sectional study was adopted and included 607 samples consisting ofstudents, faculty, and staff who were selected from three universities in Ajmanand who had signed consent forms. A validated self-administered questionnairethat included 13 attitudes and 14 barrier items was used as a tool. The reliabilityof the tool was 0.89 (Cronbach's alpha). In the analysis of attitude scores, responseswere rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 representing 'strongly disagree'and 4 representing 'strongly agree' for supportive attitudes towards organdonation. Participants with a total attitude score of 39 or higher indicated agreementor strong agreement with all items, reflecting a generally supportiveattitude toward organ donation. Lower scores suggested that the respondent wasneutral or disagreed with one or more items, indicating a less supportive attitudetoward organ donation. Knowledge about organ donation was assessed by selfadministeredquestionnaire that included 13 items. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 29. χ2 was used to assess associations between variables.RESULTSMost participants were young (≤ 30 years old, 83.7%), female (79.2%), from World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region countries (69.5%), Muslim (82.4%), students (80.6%), single(83.9%), and from a nursing college (33.1%). The majority had no personal or family history of organ donation(93.2% and 93.9%, respectively). Supportive attitudes toward organ donation were significantly associated withreligion (P = 0.003), working status (P = 0.009), university (P = 0.019), and knowledge (P < 0.001). Additionally,those with a personal or family history of organ donation were significantly more supportive (56.8% vs 33.3%, P =0.004). Lack of awareness was the most reported barrier for organ donation (64.1%) followed by being afraid oforgan donation due to medical procedures required (51.9%).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that supportive attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by demographic factors,personal experiences, and knowledge levels. Lack of awareness and fear of medical procedures were the mostreported barriers to organ donation. These results highlight the need for targeted educational programs to increaseawareness and promote positive attitudes toward organ donation.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.
文摘Shield attitudes,essentially governed by intricate mechanisms,impact the segment assembly quality and tunnel axis deviation.In data-driven prediction,however,existing methods using the original driving parameters fail to present convincing performance due to insufficient consideration of complicated interactions among the parameters.Therefore,a multi-dimensional feature synthesizing and screening method is proposed to explore the optimal features that can better reflect the physical mechanism in predicting shield tunneling attitudes.Features embedded with physical knowledge were synthesized from seven dimensions,which were validated by the clustering quality of Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)values.Subsequently,a novel index,Expected Impact Index(EII),has been proposed for screening the optimal features reliably.Finally,a Bayesian-optimized deep learning model was established to validate the proposed method in a case study.Results show that the proposed method effectively identifies the optimal parameters for shield attitude prediction,with an average Mean Squared Error(MSE)deduction of 27.3%.The proposed method realized effective assimilation of shield driving data with physical mechanism,providing a valuable reference for shield deviation control.
文摘Recent research has emphasized that attitude is key to language learners’learning outcomes.More specifically,language learners’feelings about languages and language learning may affect their study behavior and willingness to engage with a second or foreign language.Few studies on language attitudes have been conducted with ethnic minority groups in China.As such,influencing factors(e.g.,gender,language proficiency)have not gained sufficient attention.The present study aims to explore language attitudes,especially towards multilingualism,among members of the Li minority group in Hainan,China.First,we conceptualized and validated a questionnaire on attitudes towards multilingualism.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis verified the survey’s validity.Then,we examined how selected sociodemographic variables(e.g.,gender and language proficiency)influenced students’attitudes towards multilingualism.Hierarchical regression was performed to ascertain the contribution of each predictor variable to learners’attitudes towards multilingualism.Results revealed no significant relationship between gender and language attitudes but found a significant impact of students’language proficiency level on their attitudes towards multilingualism.Implications for minority students’multilingual learning were discussed based on the findings.
文摘The application of technology in language classrooms has recently become commonplace. However, a very important set of variables, such as the teacher＇s attitudes toward the effective uses of computers in the classroom and SA （self-assessment）--on the part of the students--have been overlooked in EFL （English as a foreign language） classrooms. The goals of this study are defining teacher beliefs, discussing the relationship between teachers＇ beliefs about the application of SA and integration of computer technology, reviewing teachers＇ beliefs and computer knowledge, elaborating teachers＇ beliefs and computer technology training. To this end, a total number of 68 EFL teachers participated in this study. Participants of the experimental group included the teachers who had already been trained how to use and apply computer in their teaching, and the participants of the experimental group included the teachers who were teaching in traditional learning and teaching environments with the least access to and employ of computer. Comparing the participants in the experimental and control groups＇ attitude questionnaire showed that Iranian EFL teachers＇ positive attitudes toward SA will improve if they are engaged in computer supported learning and teaching environments
文摘Increased life expectancy has led to policy interest in adding quality to years of life and in related concepts such as attitudes to ageing. Improving attitudes to ageing is regarded as one means of improving the participation and contribution of older people within society. In considering age- related attitudes in the dynamic nature of social identity, age is not just one social category that may or may not constitute a part of one’s identity. Other identities such as gender may be more salient in attitudes to ageing. The purpose of this study was to explore Norwegian gender differences in attitudes to ageing among 282 females and 200 males living in the community. Attitudes to ageing were measured using the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ;Laidlaw, Power, Schmidt, & the WHOQOL-OLD Group, 2007). Both genders in this study had positive attitudes toward their ageing, in spite of acknowledging loss with problems of exclusion, making friends and talking about difficult feelings. Compared to men, women perceived ageing as a time of greater loss, however, they felt more strongly that ageing brought wisdom and that their life had made a difference. On the other hand, men felt more strongly that physical problems did not hold them back from doing what they wanted to do and believed more strongly that they passed on their experiences to others. Both genders felt that their identity was not defined by age, they didn’t feel old, aging was a privilege, and appraised the importance of exercising. Attitudes to ageing are becoming increasingly important in ageing societies. Such positive attitudes should be regarded with importance to health professionals, leaders and policy makers in planning interventions to buffer the detrimental aspects of ageing.
文摘Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.
文摘Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaires, Pain Management Barriers Questionnaire-Taiwan form（BQT）, and Pain Knowledge Questionnaire were administered to 363 pairs of hospitalized cancer patients and their caregivers from the oncology departments of 7 hospitals in Beijing, China.Results： The average patient score for attitudes towards pain management was 2.96±0.49. The dimension scores indicated good attitudes in three areas（scores 〈2.5）, ＂Desire to be good＂（2.22±1.04）, ＂Fatalism＂（2.08±0.81） and＂Religious fatalism＂（1.86±1.00）, and poor attitudes in six areas（scores ≥2.5）, ＂Tolerance＂（3.83±0.96）, ＂Use of analgesics as needed（p.r.n.）＂（3.73±1.01）, ＂Addiction＂（3.44±1.05）, ＂Disease progression＂（3.28±1.26）, ＂Distraction of physicians＂（3.16±1.07） and ＂Side effects＂（2.99±0.68）. Two factors were entered into the regression equation：the caregivers＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and the patients＇ pain knowledge. These two factors explained 23.2% of the total variance in the patients＇ average scores for their attitudes towards cancer pain management.Conclusions： The patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management were poor and could be influenced by the caregivers＇ attitudes and the patients＇ pain knowledge, and thus need to be improved.
基金Under the auspices of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.03BJY084)
文摘Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.
