近年来,难治性癫痫的病因与多药耐药基因以及多药耐药基因与抗癫痫治疗的因果关系越来越受到关注。P糖蛋白(P-glycopretein,P-gp)是由ATP结合盒B亚家族成员1转运蛋白基因(ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 transporter gene,A...近年来,难治性癫痫的病因与多药耐药基因以及多药耐药基因与抗癫痫治疗的因果关系越来越受到关注。P糖蛋白(P-glycopretein,P-gp)是由ATP结合盒B亚家族成员1转运蛋白基因(ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 transporter gene,ABCB1)编码的产物。它不仅可以限制抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drug,AED)的消化道吸收,而且可以在细胞和亚细胞水平调控药物在中枢神经系统的运输过程。除了生理和环境因素的影响,P-gp的功能和表达的变化可能主要取决于ABCB1基因的多态性,这是目前研究得最广泛、最深入的多药耐药机制。本文就目前ABCB1基因多态性与难治性癫痫的相关性研究进展作一综述。展开更多
Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretio...Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretion,and/or caused by defects in the secretory machinery of cholangiocytes.Several mutations and pathways that lead to cholestasis have been described.Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC)is a group of rare diseases caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the genes that encode proteins expressed mainly in the apical membrane of the hepatocytes.PFIC 1,also known as Byler’s disease,is caused by mutations of the ATP8B1 gene,which encodes the familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 protein.PFIC 2 is characterized by the downregulation or absence of functional bile salt export pump(BSEP)expression via variations in the ABCB11 gene.Mutations of the ABCB4 gene result in lower expression of the multidrug resistance class 3 glycoprotein,leading to the third type of PFIC.Newer variations of this disease have been described.Loss of function of the tight junction protein 2 protein results in PFIC 4,while mutations of the NR1H4 gene,which encodes farnesoid X receptor,an important transcription factor for bile formation,cause PFIC 5.A recently described type of PFIC is associated with a mutation in the MYO5B gene,important for the trafficking of BSEP and hepatocyte membrane polarization.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms and clinical features associated with each type of PFIC based on peer reviewed journals published between 1993 and 2020.展开更多
目的对原发性远端肾小管酸中毒(distal renal tubular acidosis,dRTA)患者进行基因突变分析和基因型-表型相关性研究,以提高对该病的认识和理解。方法通过Sanger测序或全外显子组测序的方法对2010年4月至2020年9月青岛大学附属医院和青...目的对原发性远端肾小管酸中毒(distal renal tubular acidosis,dRTA)患者进行基因突变分析和基因型-表型相关性研究,以提高对该病的认识和理解。方法通过Sanger测序或全外显子组测序的方法对2010年4月至2020年9月青岛大学附属医院和青岛大学附属市立医院确诊的来自37个家系的44例原发性dRTA患者进行致病基因突变分析,根据2015年美国医学遗传学和基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)的分类标准和指南评估变异致病性。总结患者的临床特点,并进行基因型和表型的关联研究。结果44例dRTA患者共确定SLC4A1基因7个变异,ATP6V0A4基因17个变异,ATP6V1B1基因15个变异,其中新增11个新变异;根据ACMG指南,39个变异中致病性、可能致病性和良性变异分别为22、16和1个。9例患者是SLC4A1基因突变导致的常染色体显性遗传dRTA,4例患者为SLC4A1基因突变导致的常染色体隐性遗传dRTA合并东南亚卵圆形红细胞增多症并伴有贫血,14例和8例患者分别为ATP6V0A4基因和ATP6V1B1基因突变导致的常染色体隐性遗传dRTA,2例患者不符合常染色体隐性遗传模式仅携带1个ATP6V1B1杂合突变,7例患者检测结果为阴性。43例患者均为完全性dRTA,1例患者为不完全性dRTA。ATP6V0A4基因和ATP6V1B1基因突变导致患者感音神经性耳聋的患病率分别为2/14和6/10。成人、儿童和婴幼儿慢性肾脏病的发生频率分别为4/4、2/4、1/36。经以枸橼酸钾钠合剂为基础的药物治疗后,大部分患儿的生长发育(28/40)和电解质紊乱(41/44)得到明显改善。结论本研究44例原发性dRTA共发现3个致病基因SLC4A1、ATP6V0A4、ATP6V1B1的39个变异位点,其中11个为新变异。dRTA人群基因型和表型密切相关。经恰当的治疗后,大部分患者的病情获得改善。本研究丰富了人类基因突变数据库,将为dRTA人群的遗传咨询和诊治提供有益的借鉴.展开更多
文摘近年来,难治性癫痫的病因与多药耐药基因以及多药耐药基因与抗癫痫治疗的因果关系越来越受到关注。P糖蛋白(P-glycopretein,P-gp)是由ATP结合盒B亚家族成员1转运蛋白基因(ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 transporter gene,ABCB1)编码的产物。它不仅可以限制抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drug,AED)的消化道吸收,而且可以在细胞和亚细胞水平调控药物在中枢神经系统的运输过程。除了生理和环境因素的影响,P-gp的功能和表达的变化可能主要取决于ABCB1基因的多态性,这是目前研究得最广泛、最深入的多药耐药机制。本文就目前ABCB1基因多态性与难治性癫痫的相关性研究进展作一综述。
基金Supported by NIH,No.UG3TR003289 to Soto-Gutierrez A.
文摘Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretion,and/or caused by defects in the secretory machinery of cholangiocytes.Several mutations and pathways that lead to cholestasis have been described.Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC)is a group of rare diseases caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the genes that encode proteins expressed mainly in the apical membrane of the hepatocytes.PFIC 1,also known as Byler’s disease,is caused by mutations of the ATP8B1 gene,which encodes the familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 protein.PFIC 2 is characterized by the downregulation or absence of functional bile salt export pump(BSEP)expression via variations in the ABCB11 gene.Mutations of the ABCB4 gene result in lower expression of the multidrug resistance class 3 glycoprotein,leading to the third type of PFIC.Newer variations of this disease have been described.Loss of function of the tight junction protein 2 protein results in PFIC 4,while mutations of the NR1H4 gene,which encodes farnesoid X receptor,an important transcription factor for bile formation,cause PFIC 5.A recently described type of PFIC is associated with a mutation in the MYO5B gene,important for the trafficking of BSEP and hepatocyte membrane polarization.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms and clinical features associated with each type of PFIC based on peer reviewed journals published between 1993 and 2020.
文摘目的对原发性远端肾小管酸中毒(distal renal tubular acidosis,dRTA)患者进行基因突变分析和基因型-表型相关性研究,以提高对该病的认识和理解。方法通过Sanger测序或全外显子组测序的方法对2010年4月至2020年9月青岛大学附属医院和青岛大学附属市立医院确诊的来自37个家系的44例原发性dRTA患者进行致病基因突变分析,根据2015年美国医学遗传学和基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)的分类标准和指南评估变异致病性。总结患者的临床特点,并进行基因型和表型的关联研究。结果44例dRTA患者共确定SLC4A1基因7个变异,ATP6V0A4基因17个变异,ATP6V1B1基因15个变异,其中新增11个新变异;根据ACMG指南,39个变异中致病性、可能致病性和良性变异分别为22、16和1个。9例患者是SLC4A1基因突变导致的常染色体显性遗传dRTA,4例患者为SLC4A1基因突变导致的常染色体隐性遗传dRTA合并东南亚卵圆形红细胞增多症并伴有贫血,14例和8例患者分别为ATP6V0A4基因和ATP6V1B1基因突变导致的常染色体隐性遗传dRTA,2例患者不符合常染色体隐性遗传模式仅携带1个ATP6V1B1杂合突变,7例患者检测结果为阴性。43例患者均为完全性dRTA,1例患者为不完全性dRTA。ATP6V0A4基因和ATP6V1B1基因突变导致患者感音神经性耳聋的患病率分别为2/14和6/10。成人、儿童和婴幼儿慢性肾脏病的发生频率分别为4/4、2/4、1/36。经以枸橼酸钾钠合剂为基础的药物治疗后,大部分患儿的生长发育(28/40)和电解质紊乱(41/44)得到明显改善。结论本研究44例原发性dRTA共发现3个致病基因SLC4A1、ATP6V0A4、ATP6V1B1的39个变异位点,其中11个为新变异。dRTA人群基因型和表型密切相关。经恰当的治疗后,大部分患者的病情获得改善。本研究丰富了人类基因突变数据库,将为dRTA人群的遗传咨询和诊治提供有益的借鉴.
